The Great Pyramid: Its Symbolism, Science and Prophecy - A2Z.org

CONTENTSSECTION1 The Origin, Purpose, and General Description of the GreatPyramid ,The Builders of the Great Pyramid -The Great Pyramid is Pre,eminent -Location of the Great Pyra~r~idMagnitude of the Great Pyramid .Squaring the circleThe Great Pyramid unit of measure -The relation of the Pyramid inch and cubit to theearth's axis of rotation -The measurement of the day and year in the GreatPyraniid ,The mean distance of the earth from the sunThe Precession of the Equinoxes ,The Great Pyramid's Geographical Position ,The Pyramid.to.Bethlehem connectionThe Trial Passages ,I1 The Divine Plan of the Ages -111 The Chart of the Ages ,IV The Great Pyramid in Type and Antitype -V The Passage and Chamber System of the Great Pyramid ,V1 The Sy~nbolisrn of the Passages and Chambers -VIIThe Symbolism more Fuily ConsideredThe King's and Queen's Chambers ---The Coffer in the King's Chamber is a SymbolicalSarcophagusThe Descending Passage and the Subterranean ChamberThe First Ascending Passage ,The Horizontal Passage to the Queen's Chamber .The Grand Gallery and the Ante-Chamber to theKing's Chamber ,The Grand Gallery ,PAGE

THEGREAT PYRAMIDITS SPIRITUAL SYMBOLISMSECTION ITHE ORIGIN, PURPOSE, AND GENERAL DESCRIPTIONOF THE GREAT PYRAMIDFhas asked itself the question : For what purpose was it built,OR forty-one centuries the Great Pyramid has- keptsilent watch over the Delta of the Ni!e, at the soithernapex of which it stands ; and each succeeding generationand who was the architect ? Many have been the theories putforward in the past to answer this question, but all of them soinconclusive that, although the true answer has within recentyears been brought to light by a few patient investigators, thelines of the Italian poet Petrocchi well expresses the attitudeof-men's minds in general toward this great monument :" I ask'd of Time : ' To whom arose this highMajestic pile, here mouldering in decay ? 'He answer'd not, but swifter sped his way,With ceaseless pinions winnowing the sky.To Fame I turn'd : ' Speak thou, whose sons defyThe waste of years, and deathless works essay !'She heaved a sigh, as one to grief a prey,And silent, downward cast her tearful eye.Onward I pass'd, but sad and thoughtful grown,When, stem in aspect, o'er the ruin'd shrineI s,aw Oblivion stal: from sto'ne to stone.Dread ower ! I cried, tell me whose vast design-'He check3$ my further speech, in sullen tone !' Whose once it was, I care not ; now 'tis mine ! ' "Among the theories which have been advocated to accountfor the existence of the Great Pyramid, the one which is themost popular, but which is now recognised by careful studentsto be wrong, is the tombic theory. Concerning all the pyramids9

and he thought that the evidences pointed to their being membersof God's chosen race in the direct line of, but preceding, Abraham,-possibly under Shem himself or Melchizedec. If so, this wouldeasily account for the Egyptians' hatred of their rulers, because,not only were the Egyptians as a subject people forced to buildthe Pyramid and to close their own temples, but they must haveseen the bulls, which they worshipped, sacrificed by these " menof an ignoble race." From that day every shepherd was " anabomination to the Egyptians "-Compare Gen. 46 : 32-34 ;Exod. 8 : 25, 26 ; Gen. 43 : 32. Whether or not this surmisebe correct, evidence will be given in the following pages thatJohn Taylor was right when he declared that the Great Pyramidwas of Divine origin.Concerning the Shepherd Kings, the following extract fromJohn Taylor's work is full of suggestive interest : " They cameinto the country as strangers ; they were not of the same religionwith the Mizraim pgyptians!, who preceded them in its occupation; they did not invade it as conquerors, though, as Manethotells us, ' they easily subdued it by their power z~ithowt a battle.'They must, therefore, have come either in such large numbersas to make oppositioil hopeless, or they must have been receivedas benefactors by the common people whom they employed ;and it was only after their departure that their memory wascalumniated by the stories told of their oppression. They wereevidently animated by a strong desire to perform n certain task,and when they had accomplished it they left the country oftheir own accord, confiding to the care of the original inhabitantsthose wonderful works by which they had enriched and ennobledthe land. They never returned to claim any interest in thefruits of their labours, but occupied some other country, inwhich they erected no such monuments as these. They were sofar like conquerors, or tyrants as they were called, that theywere, for the time being, the ruling power of the country. Theyemployed the common people in realizing their magnificentconceptions, for which they must have given them the mostminute directions ; and this evident superiority of intellect mayhave caused the ignorant to envy and misrepresent them. Butthat they improved the condition of the people among whomthey took up their abode during not less than IOO years, mustI2be admitted by all wlzo know how greatly an inferior race isbenefited - by the invasion of a superior."Before his death, John Taylor requested ~rofessof C. PiazziSmyth, at that time Astronomer Royal for Scotland, to go toEgypt and make a thorough scientific examination of the GreatPyramid. This Professor Smyth did during the winter 1864-5.In his Lif~ and Work at the Great Pyramid, he has Ieft on recordminute measurements of every important part of the structure.Later, in 1881, Professor (now Sir) W. M. Flinders Petriealso visited the Great Pyramid, and conducted extensivemeasuring-operations, the results of which he published in hisvolume The Pyramids and Ternfiles of Gizeh. His figures are,in the main, confirmatory of those of Professor Smyth.Still later, in 1909, the writer of this booklet, in companywith his brother the late Professor John Edgar, visited Egyptand worked long and closely in the Great Pyramid, measuringespecially those parts of the monument which had beenomitted by the previous measurers, or had not been so minutelyexamined as their importance seemed to require. The volumesof Great Pyramid Passages contain the account of this laterinvestigation ; and full explanations of the religious andscientific theories based upon the Pyramid's symbols, measures,and angles are also contained in these volumes.The Great Pyramid is Pre-eminentThere are in all about thirty-eight pyramids in Egypt, all ofthem situated on the western side of the Nile on the border ofthe Libyan portion of the great Sahara Desert, and all of themsquare-based, with four trianguIar sloping sides meeting at thetop in a point over the centre of the base. But of these, onlyabout seven of the largest are of importance ; the remainder aremuch smaller, and are of such inferior material and workmanship,that they collapsed long ago into rounded ruins, with theresult that they are now no longer recognizable as pyramids.Of all the pyramids the one which pre-eminently attractsthe attention of tourists as well as of pyramid students, is thatwhich by common consent has been named the Great Pyramid,I3

or simply The Pyramid. This is partly because of its superiorsizc, but chiefly because of the extraordinary sliill of workmanshipwhich it displays.Location of the Great PyramidIt is one of a group of nine, known as the nine pyramids ofGizeh, erected on a rocky plateau about ten miles to the west ofthe modem city of Cairo. The Great Pyramid is the mostnorthern of the group, and is situated near the cliff whichforms the edge of the plateau. A short distance directly southwestfrom it is the Second Pyramid, which, though smaller,appears from some view-points, because its foundation is higher,as if it were larger than the Great Pyramid. Still further to thesouth-west is the Third Pyramid, which is much smaller thanthe other two. The remaining six are in two groups of three,one to the south of the Third Pyramid, and the other to theeast of the Great Pyramid. These are comparatively very smalland are in ruins. To the south-east of the Great Pyramid liesthe Sphinx, carved out of the rock, and with its gaze directedtowards the rising sun.Magnitude of the Great Pyramid7 &

with which one is familiar. The area of the square base is inorethan thirteen acres. The total distailce on the level betweenthe four corner sockets is only 160 yards less than two-thirds ofa mile, although at present, owing to the large rubbish moundsat the bases of the four sides, one requires to walk for nearly amile in order to make the circuit. The vertical height is approximatelya hundred feet more than that of St. Paul's Cathedral,London, and only 70 feet less than the monument at Washington,D.C., U.S.A. It is 180 feet higher than the statue on the summitof the dome of Washington capitol, which building covers anarea of three and a half acres. The bulk of the building is morethan ninety million cubic feet, that is to say, there is enoughstone in the Great Pyramid to build a wall four feet in heightand one foot in thickness, which would extend for more than4400 miles, the distance across the Atlantic Ocean from GreatBritain to Newfoundland and back.As the purpose of this small work is to show forth the religiousteaching of the Great Pyramid, orlly a brief mention will be madeof a few of the more prominent scientific features embodied inthe Great Pyramid. For a full description of these and manyother features, the reader is referred to Vol. 111 of Great Py18amidPassages.Squaring the circleThe scientific feature which was first discovered, was thatthe ancient vertical height of the Great Pyramid was to twicethe breadth of its square base, as the diameter of a circle is toits circumference, that is, 5813 inches is to twice 9131 inches, asI is to 3 ~14159. This ratio of the diameter of a circle to itscircumference receives from mathematicians the name of theGreek letter .ir (Pi), and was first accurately determined by VonCeulen in the sixteenth century. (Von Ceulen caused his discoveryto be engraved upon his tomb.) It follows that theancient vertical height of the Great Pyramid is the radius of acircle, the circuinfereilce of which equals the total measurementof all four sides of the Pyramid's square base.Professor C. Piazzi Smyth, commenting on this, claims it asa practical solution of the old problem of " squaring the circle,"16aid adds, " the thing was thus practically done, truly and properly,at the Great Pyramid thousands of years before thoseMedieval days of our forefathers. . . . Not one out of all thethirty-seven other measured pyramids in Egypt has been provedto be endowed even approximately with this particular proportionof height to breadth of base." It is to John Taylor thatthe credit of this discovery is due.The Great Pyramid unit of measureAs a result of painstaking investigation, Professor C. PiazziSlnyth ascertained that tlle unit of measure employed by thebuilders of the Great Pyramid, is a cubit, divided into five parts,and each of these into five smaller parts, named by ProfessorSmyth, Pyramid inches. Thus there are 25 Pyramid inches ina I'yramid cubit.To convert a British-inch measure to its corresponding valuein Pyramid inches, we must deduct one-thousandth part of theBritish-inch measure from itself. Therefore, a round 1,00013ritish inches equal 999 Pyramid inches. Then to convert al'yramid-inch measure to its corresponding value in Britishinches, divide the Pyramid-inch measure by .999.Sir Isaac Newton, in his Dissertdion on Cubits, claimed thatthe sacred cubit of the Israelites approximately equalled 25British inches, while the Egyptian cubit measured 20.68, andthe Greek and Roman cubit 18-24, British inches.The relation of the Pyramid inch awd cubit tothe earth's axis of rotationThe earth's axis of rotation, or distance through the earthlrom the North Pole to the South Pole, is, according to the mostcareful calculations of scientists, a little more than 7899 '3British Statute miles, or ~OO,~OO,~OO inches by British measure.It follows, therefore, that the earth's axis of rotation measures;ul even five hundred million Pyramid inches, or twenty millionPyramid cubits, and the semi-axis of rotation, the distance fromcither Pole to the centre of the earth, measures two hundred andlifty million Pyramid inches, or ten million Pyramid cubits.BI7

IAccordingly, Professor Smyth argued that the unit of measureemployed in the design of the Great Pyramid was deducedfrom the earth's semi-axis of rotation.The French metre was deduced from the measurement of theearth's curved surface from the North Pole to the Equator. Itwas supposed to be the ten-millionth part of this measurement,though, owing to an error in the calculation, it is not really so.Both Sir John Herschel and Professor Smyth contended thatthe French method of basing their unit of measure on the curvedline from Pole to Equator, is not so scientifically true as thatemployed by the builders of the Great Pyramid, which wasbased upon the straight line of half the earth's polar axis.The Pyramid, also, by its own unique system of proportions,shows the lengths of the earth's maximum and minimumEquatorial diameters ; and the longest unit of linear measure,namely, the Pyramid Mile, which is nearly the same length asthe Standard Geographical mile in use to-day. These, arid otherfacts of a similar naturc, are dealt with in detail in Vol. 111 ofGreat Pyramid Passages.The measurement of the day and year in the Great PyramidHaving seen that the Pyramid unit of measure, the cubit,was deduced from the earth's axis of rotation, it is not surprisingto find it employed to symbolize a day, the period of the earth'srevolution round its axis ; nor to find the breadth of the Pyramidbetween the corner sockets employed to symbolize a solar yearthe exact period of the earth's revolution round the sun.Both the day and the year are thus recorded in the GreatPyramid, for, on calculating the length of the four sides of thePyramid's square base, Professor Smyth found that they eachmeasured 365.242 Pyramid cubits, 01; as many cubits exactlyas there are days in a solar year to the fraction. Thus, the foursides measure as many .cubits as there are days in four yearsincluding the leap year.Another metliod of representing tllc fact that the GreatPyramid records the exact length of the solar year is to considerits topstone as the sun ; and then measure round the squarebase by lengths of four cubits (100 Pyramid inches). The total- 18length of the base thus ascertained is 365.242 ; it thus representsthe annual revolution of the earth round the sun at the rate offour cubits per day.And not only is the day-value of the Solar Tropical yearmonumentalized by the Great Pyramid, but the day-value ofthe moon's apparent complete circuit of earth also ; for theduration of the Lunar or Synodic month is indicated withminute exactness.The meart distance of the earth from the sun .William Petrie, the father of Professor Flinders Petrie,reflecting on the fact just stated, connected it with John Taylor'sdiscovery that the vertical height of the Great Pyramid is thelength of the radius of a circle, the circumference of which equalsthe total measurement of the square base. He came to theconclusion that as the topstone of the Pyramid, from this pointof view, symbolizes the sun, its vertical height should indicatein some way the mean distance of the sun from the earth.The problem was to find the scale. This he ascertained tobe ten to the ninth power (or to use the mathematical sign, IO"),as practically shown by the Great Pyramid itself; for, if ameasurement be made from one of the corner sockets to thecentral vertical axis of the structure, and for every ten linearunits horizontally inwards, nine linear units be measured verticallyupwards, when the total horizontal and vertical measurementsare completed, the original apex of the Great Pyramidwill be reached to within about 2 inches, according to the precisemeasures. That is, the horizontal length from one of the corner *soclrets to the centre bears the same proportion to the verticalIteight of the Pyramid, as ten does to nine (6456.63 Pyramidil~ches : 5813.01 Pyramid inches : : 10 : g, nearly).Having found the scale, it was a simple calculation to findhow many miles are represented in the vertical height of theI'yramid. Converting the 5813 301 Pyramid inches (the verticalIlcig-llt of the Pyramid) to British inches by dividhg theseI'yramid inches by '999, and multiplying this by 10' (i.e.,I ,ooo,ooo,ooo), and turning the result into British miles, heI)lo~lgllt out the quantity of 91,837,578 of these miles, or asI9

near the mean distance of the sun from the earth as modernastronomers can determine.Another appropriate method of expressing this scientificfeature of the Pyramid is as follows : The rotation of the earthon its polar axis causes the duration of the day, and the rotationof the earth round the sun causes the duration of the year.Representing each day of the cycle of the year by an even IOOunits, we find that by multiplying the diameter of the completecircle of the year so represented, by the actual Polar diameter ofthe earth, we get the mean diameter of the earth's yearly orbitround the sun divided by 2 (that is, the radius of the orbit, themean distance separating the sun and earth), namely, 91,837,578British statute miles. In this, as in nearly all the scientificfeatures of the Pyramid, the duration of the Solar Tropical yearis calculated upon,-a little less than 365.2422 Solar days.Commenting upon the exactitude with which the GreatPyramid indicates the measure of the sun-distance, and man'sindependent efforts to reach a definite conclusion thereon,Professor C. Piazzi Smyth says : " Nothing that all nations cando, whether by taking their astronomers away from other work,or enlisting naval and military officers, non-commissioned officersand soldiers as temporary astronomers and photographers ;furnishing them, too, with instruments of precision of everyserviceable science, and sending them to every inhabitable andsome uninhabitable parts of the earth, is thought too much todevote towards a hoped-for, slightly improved, knowledge of thenear number of miles to be set down for our earth's mean distancefrom the sun. Yet even the best of modern nations are far fromhaving arrived at even tolerable exactness. Nevertheless thereof old, before the beginning of any human science, is the numericalexpression for that cosmical sun-distance quantity to almostany refinement, nailed to the mast of the Great Pyramid fromthe earliest ages."That the top-stone represents the sun is interesting, Seeing(as will be proved later) that it symbolizes Christ, who is calledby the prophet Malachi the Sun of Righteousness, who willarise with healing in his wings-Mal. 4 : 2. It will be pointedout further on that the King's Chamber represents Christ'sheavenly inheritance which he has obtained in order to shed20forth the blessings of light and life. It is interesting, therefore,to learn that twice the length of the Icing's Chamber in Pyramidinches, taken in conjunction with the angle of the passageswhich leads up to it, also indicates the period of the earth'srevolution round the sun ; for if twice the length of the King'sChamber (412.132 x 2) be marked off on the floor of the ascendingpassages, and a right-angled triangle be formed by drawing aperpendicular and base-line from the upper and lower extremitiesrespectively of this portion of the floor, the perpendicular willbe found to measure exactly the number of days in the solaryear, or 365 9242 in Pyramid inches.Another of the methods by which the King's Chamber showsits connection with the solar year, is explained by ProfessorSmyth : " Take the length of the King's Chamber 412.132(Pyramid inches) to express the diameter of a circle. Compute,by the best methods of modem science, the area of that circle ;throw that area into a square shape, and find the length of aside of such square. The answer will be 365.242.''The Precession of the Eqz~inoxesHaving noted these facts, and learning from them that thearchitect's knowledge of astronomical matters was abreast ofthat of modern science, the next astronomical problem to whichProfessor Smyth applied himself was the determination as towhether the Great Pyramid might also record by its constructionthe duration of the precession of the equinoxes, the longestregularly recurring period in the solar system known toastronomers.The return of spring each year is ever received with joy ;hence arose the desire to forecast its coming by astronomicaldata. Long ago it was found that it was always heralded bythe equinox, when the sun crosses the celestial equator, and dayand night are therefore equal all the world over. " Hence, tomark the equinoctial point among the fixed stars, and to note theplace of some brilliant star, whose appearance in the earlyniorning dawn would announce the sun's approach to the equator,was early accomplished with all possible accuracy. This starollc-r selected, it was believed that it should remain for ever in21

M T D / T E R R A N E A NL I B Y A ND E J E R T

exact duration of the precession of the equinoxes, a period offully 25,694 years."This peculiar celestial cycle, the grand chroilological dial, infact, of the Great Pyramid,--so much is its architecture foundto base upon it,-is further defined at that Pyramid, but at noother throughout all Egypt, by, amongst other intentionalfeatures, the lengths of the two diagonals of the base at thelevel of the top surface of the Platform on which the casingstonesof the building rest, when their sum is reckoned up ininches, at the rate of a Pyramid inch to a year. For theyamount to 25,694 fully.Further still, this feature is memorialized again at that levelof the Great Pyramid which is marked by the upper, virtual,floor-tenninal of the Grand Gallery; for the circuit of thePyramid at that level equals 25,694 Pyramid inches, or thesame number of inches to the fraction as the-sum of the twodiagonals of the Platfo~m base.And if the whole vertical height of the Great Pyramid,5813 inches, typifies the sun-distance, the partial vertical heightfrom the level of the upper floor-end of the Grand Galleryupwards, 4089.38, indicates the radius of the precessionalcircle of the equinoxes, in years.The Great Pyramid's Geographical PositionProfessor C. Piazzi Smyth first drew attention to the factthat the Great Pyramid is exactly oriented, that is to say, itsfour sides are directed to the four cardinal points of the compass ;and he pointed out further that when the vertical plane of thePyramid's passages is produced northward, it passes along thecentral axis of the Delta region ; while the north-east and thenorth-west diagonals of the building similarly produced, enclosethe Delta " in a symmetrical and well-balanced manner."In 1868, Mr. Mitchell, chief hydrographer to the UnitedStates Coast Survey, was struck with the regularity of thegeneral convex curvature of the northern coast of the Delta.Taking a good map and a pair of compasses, he tried variouslengths and directions of radii till " he had got all the prominentcoast points to be evenly swept by his arc ; and then looking tosee where his southern centre was, found it upon the GreatPyramid."Commenting upon this, Professor Smyth writes : " NowLower Egypt being as already described, of a sector, still moreexactly than of a Delta, shape, it must have its centre, not likea circle in the middle of its surface, but at one extreme comerthereof. Whereupon Mr. Mitchell has acutely remarked thatthe building which stands at, or just raised above, such a sectorialcentre, must be at one and the same time both at the borderthereof, and yet at its pzcasi, or practically governing, middle.That is to say, just as was to be that grandly honoured propheticmonument, pure and undefiled in its religious bearing, thoughin the idolatrous Egyptian land, alluded to by Isaiah (ch. xix) ;for was it not fore-ordained by the Divine Word to be both' an altar to the Lord in the midst of the land of Egypt, and apillar at the border thereof,'-an apparent mechanical impossibility,yet realized in the sectorial centre condition of the GreatPyramid."-See Note below.Of scveral other geographical peculiarities possessed by thcsite of the Great Pyramid, mention .may be made of the factthat there is more land surface in both its meridian and itslatitude than in any other meridian and latitude ; while itsnether meridian, the longitude continuous with it on the otherside of the globe, ranges its whole length through water exceptfor a short distance near Behring's frozen straits. For thisreason, Professor C. Piazzi Smyth claimed that the meridian ofthe Great Pyramid is by far the most suitable zero of longitudefor all nations.* Sir Robert Stawell Ball shows that the duration of the PrecessionalCycle is 25,694 to 25,695 years.-Elemelzts of Astronomy, published in1896, page 365.24Note.-The Hebrew word translated " pillar " in Isa. 19 : 19 isMatsebhah, and signifies anything set u$ or erected to commemoratesomething !remarkable.25

The Pyramid to Ret~zlelzem con~zectionWitZlin recent ycdrs it llas been rcvealrd illat tllc (;rvdtPyramid in Egypt has direct connection with the ancient cityof Bethlehem in Palestine. According to the Scriptural symbolism,Canaan represents heaven, whilc Egypt represents theworld. Soon after the birth of Jesus, the world's Saviour, inBethlehem, he was carried down into Egypt ; and after thedeath of Hcrod he came up into the Holy Land again. TheScriptures expressly state that this was to fulfil the word of theLord spoken by the prophet : " Out of Egypt have I calledmy son "-See Matt. 2nd chapter.In this journey into Egypt and subsequent return to the landof His birth, we have a picture of the heavenly Father sendingHis beloved Son into this world of sin and sorrow to be " perfectedthrough sufferings," and so become qualified to be installed asthe Head-stone of God's great Spiritual Pyramid. For theexalted Jesus Christ is called the " Head corner-stone " ofJehovah's great plan for the salvation of mankind. The wordsof the prophet, " Out of Egypt have I called my son," applyin their truest sense to our Lord's ascension from earth to heaven.The Great Pyramid in Egypt, declared by Isaiah to be the" Sign " and " Witness " to Jehovah in the great Day nowbegun, is well known to be the material type of the SpiritualPyramid of which Jesus Christ is the Corner-stone. TheDescending, and Ascending, Passages in the interior of thePyramid in Egypt, also, illustrate the descent of our Lordto this earth, and his ascent into spiritual glory after hisresurrection from the dead.It is, therefore, most instructive and interesting to find thatthe Great Pyramid in Egypt indicates its direct connection withBethlehem, the birthplace of our Lord, by means of the angleof its passages, namely, 26" 18' 9" -7. For if we use the parallelof latitude on which the Great Pyramid stands as the base-lineof a right-angled triangle, and draw a straight line between theGreat Pyramid and Bethlehem, the angle which is formed atthe Pyramid by these two lines will be found to be 26" 18' g" .7(usually stated in round figures as 26" 18' 10").

etween the Great Pyramid and Bethlehem is the diameter.In this time-measurement an even 1000 cubits represents oneyear. This is in accord with the Pyramid's proportionatesystem ; for the basic number of the Pyramid is 10 ; and multiplesof 10, and divisions of 10, are embodied in many of thebuilding's symbolic and scientific features.The Trial PassagesJust as modern shipbuilders and others work to carefullyprepared patterns, so, it appears, the builders of the GreatPyramid had a pattern cut in the rock to guide them whenarranging the passage-system of their huge monument. Thisrock-cut pattern, which is situated about a hundred yards eastof the Great Pyramid, has been named " Trial Passages."With the single exception of the position of the Well-shaft,these passages are an exact model of the Great Pyramid's passagesystem,shortened in length, but of full size in width and height.The resemblance is striking, even to the beginning of the HorizontalPassage to the Queen's Chamber, the Ramps at the sidesof the Grand Gallery, and the contraction at the lower end ofthe Ascending Passage to hold the Granite Plug (excepting thatin the Trial Passages, this contraction occurs additionally in theheight, as well as in the width of the Ascending Passage).Although the vertical shaft is in a different position in the TrialPassages, it is evidently intended as a model of the Well-shaft inthe Great Pyramid, the bore of each being the same. The totallengths of the Descending and Ascending Passages are 66 feetand 50 feet respectively.

SECTION I1THE DIVINE PLAN OF THE AGESAS the object of this booklet is to show how clearly theGreat Pyramid of Gizeh in the land of Egypt, that" Miracle in Stone," as Dr. Seiss has named it, setsforth the plan of salvation presented in God's Holy Word, itwill be necessary, in order to a proper appreciation of the subject,that the reader should acquaint himself with at least the outlinesof that plan ; but the more complete his knowledge of the plan,the more his appreciation of the Great Pyramid will increase,and sooner or later he will find himself fully convinced that theArchitect of this marvellous structure could have been noneother than God himself, and that it is indeed the Lord's " StoneWitness " in the land of Egypt. Then the wonder which mayhave been evoked in him by its immense proportions, the marvellousskill displayed in its construction, its great antiquityand quality of endurance, and the many scientific features whichit embodies, will give place to a new wonder inspired by reverencefor the infinite wisdom of God, when he reflects how the GreatArchitect, by a few simple Passages and Chambers, could portrayin it the whole of his plan of salvation, not merely the symbolicalfeatures of that *plan and the various dispensations into whichit is divided, but even also all the important time-featuresmarked off in the outworking of it.Many have ignorantly misjudged the wisdom of God, andthought that he has had no definite, pre-arranged plan, but thathe has been relying on the puny efforts of a few well-intentionedmen to accomplish the great task of bringing the world intoharmony with him and his law of righteousness. The messageof the Gospel has been carried hither and thither from individualto individual, and from nation to nation, with the result thatnow, at the end of this age, nearly nineteen centuries after the32death and resurrection of Christ, it has been preached for awitness to every nation.In spite, however, of the strenuous efforts put forth, and theuntold wealth spent in the propagation of the Gospel message,and even though at least some portions of the Scriptures havebeen printed in every language, it is recognized that the numberof converts to Christianity has been small indeed compared tothe vast majority who have died in heathen darkness. It hasbeen estimated that there are " 856,000,ooo people in Paganlands ; a generation passes away in 33 years ; divide this by365, we get the death rate per day 71,066" (Extract from aMissionary Magazine). Every day more than 71,000 men,women and children are dying without having heard that onlyname under heaven given among men whereby we must besaved, and the Apostle adds, " neither is there salvation in anyother "-Acts 4 : 12. What does this mean ? If the usualmisconception were true, that God was altogether relying uponthe missionary and other well-meaning efforts put forth by goodmen to save the heathen by bringing the name of Jesus to thembefore they die, it would mean that God, however benevolenthis intentions may have been, has failed, and that Satan, whohas blinded the minds of them that believe not, has been thevictor. While God has gained his thousands, the great deceiverhas now under his power his thousands of thousands !Calvin, strong in his belief in the power of God, and perceivingin the Scriptures that Jesus himself said, " Strait is the gate, andnarrow is the way, which leadeth unto life, and few there bethat find it," seized upon this as the explanation of the apparentweakness of God's plan. He revived the teaching of St. Augustinethat God's pre-determinate purpose was to save only thefew, and to condemn to an eternity of torment all the remainderof mankind. Surely a terrible blasphemy this of the characterof God, the Holy One of Israel, whose name is Love ! Not thatCalvin intended to misrepresent God, for it must be rememberedthat the general teaching of his time was that all power, bothpresent and future, was in the hands of the clergy. In hishonest endeavour to get away from the one extreme, he followedthe usual course of going to the other extreme.But though we must discard Calvin's teaching, which, while

vindicating the power of God, ignores his justice, wisdom andlove, we cannot discard the saying of Jesus, that the way to lifeis narrow and few there be that find it. How is it possible toreconcile this saying with the four attributes of God justenumerated ? Very simply, when we disregard the creeds andgo directly to the Bible. " God is his own interpreter, and Hewill make it plain." The key to the answer is found in God'spromise to Abraham : In thee and iw fhy seed shall all fhe nafionsof the earth be blessed-Gen. 12 : 3 ; 22 : 18.To understand this, let us follow briefly the course of God'sdealings with men ; and though at first it may have been difficultto comprehend wherein the Divine plan for man's salvationavailed anything, or to understand how God's attribute of loveis displayed in it, the careful and thoughtful student will presentlyperceive a beauty and harmony throughout the whole of theDivine purposes, which will appeal to both heart and head asnothing else can do. He will see that God is not working in anyhaphazard fashion, nor relying on the feeble power and resourcesof man. God declares in his own Word that all things are knownunto him from the beginning, and that his Word, the revelationof his purposes, shall not return unto him void, but shallaccomplish that which he pleases, and shall prosper in thething whereto he sent it-Acts 15 : 18 ; Isa. 55 : 11.The teacling of the Scriptures, properly understood, is morereasonable and more honouring to God than any theory foundedon man's reasoning apart from Holy Writ. The Lord himselfcleclares this truth through the prophet Isaiah: " For mythoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways,saith the Lord. For as the heavens are higher than the earth,so are my ways higher than your ways, and my thoughts thanyour thoughts."When God created Adam and placed him in the Garden ofEden, he imposed on him the restriction that he must not eatof the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. The penalty ofdisobedience to the Divine will was death. Accordingly whenAdam disobeyed God, the death-sentence was passed upon him.Through the law of heredity, which declares : " The fathershave eaten a sour grape [of sin], and tlie children's teeth are seton edge," all Adam's posterity have been " born in sin and shapenin iniquity," and therefore share in that death-sentence. It wasa dying life that the dying Adam gave to the race, for " hy oneman sin entered into the world, and death by pas a resu1.t of]sin ; and so death passed upon all men "--Rom. 5 : 12.God, however, did not leave Adam without a ray of hope.While pronouncing the curse upon the serpent, he intimatedthat the " seed of the woman " would " bruise the serpent'shead,"-that some day and somehow a Saviour, a seed of thewoman, would arise and destroy the tempter and annul thedeath sentence. But many centuries rolled by, and no apparentprogress was made in the salvation of the human race. Abel,Enoch, and Noah, were commended because of their faith, butof the great majority it is recorded " every imagination of thethoughts of their hearts was only evil continually." So corruptdid they become, that the Lord was forced by his love and wisdomno less than by his justice to destroy them all-men, women andchildren-in the Deluge, and repeople the earth afresh throughNoah, who was " perfect in his generation " and a " preachcrof righteousness." So ended the First Dispensation, a periodof 1656 years.During the 659 years of the Patriarchal Age which followed,when God bestowed special blessings upon Abraham, Isaacand Jacob, the same conditions of affairs prevailed. In spiteof the temble punishment which the Lord had inflicted upontheir forefathers, the people once more relapsed into grosswickedness, so much so, that there were not even ten righteousmen in Sodom. Lot, the only righteous inhabitant, was rescuedbefore it and the other cities of the plain were destroyed byGod. In this stage of the Second Dispensation, two thousandyears after the promise that the seed of the woman shouldbruise the Serpent's head, God made his oath-boundcovenant with Abraham, that it would be in his seedthat all the families of the earth would be blessed-Gen. 12 : 1-3 ; 22 : 16-18. The record shows that Abrahambelieved God, and that his faith was accounted to him forrighteousness-Gen. 15 : 5, 6.After a long period of waiting, Isaac, the seed of promise,was born ; and God renewed the covenant with him. It musthave seemed as if the promise was then about to be fulfilled ;35

ut Isaac died, and the blessing of all the families of the earthwas still far from being nccomplished. When Isaac was old,the covenant was renewed with his son, Jacob, or Israel as hewas afterwards named. Later, Israel with his household wasbrought in the providence of God into Egypt, where a few yearsafterwards he died. When on his death-bed, he called his sonstogether and foretold the destiny of each of the twelve tribeswhich would spring from them. As it was God's intention tocause these twelve tribes of Israel to grow rapidly into anation, and then set them apart to carry out his purpose,their propagation proceeded miraculously, insomuch that theEgyptians became afraid and adopted drastic measures todiminish their numbers ; but they could not succeed againstthe Lord-See Exod. I : 7-22.At the appointed time, during the height of their oppressionby the Egyptians, when their number had increased from 70 to600,ooo who were able to go to war, God delivered the Israelitesfrom Egypt by his mighty hand and outstretched arm. Butthey were not yet prepared to be God's people. Because of thehardness of their hearts, they were not permitted to enter theland of promise for 40 years. Then, after six years spent inconquering the Canaanites, they divided the promised landamong them by lot, and God set Judges over them for a periodof 450 years.During all this time, God did not make good his promise ofblessing the other nations of the world through the seed ofAbraham. Though many leaders, such as Moscs and Joshua,arose and freed the Israelites from bondage, none of them provedto be the promised great deliverer. At length the nation desireda king, and God gave them Saul, and latcr, David, " a man afterGod's own heart," and then followed the glorious reign of KingSolomon in whose time the great temple was set up.Surely it seemed as if God would now bring to pass hispromise to bless through Abraham's seed all the families of theearth ! But not so. Evidently the time had not yet come.The Israelites were not in a fit state, mentally and morally, torule and bless the world. They lapsed time and again intoidolatry and all manner of iniquity, till finally, six centuriesbefore the birth of Christ, God permitted Nebuchadnezzar,36IIIcing of Babylon, to destroy Jerusalem, carry the Israeliteswith Zedekiah, the last of their kings, captive to Babylon,and lay waste the holy land. Seventy years passed, andthat wicked generation died. Then in the fulness of time, infulfilment of Isaiah's prophecy (44: 28 ; 45 : I-4), Cyrus, kingof Persia, overthrew Babylon, and issued a decree permittingthose Israelites who had faith in God and his promises to returnand build the temple-See Jer. 25 : XI, 12 ; 2 Chron. 36 : 11-23.From that time there was a reformation movement under thesuccessive leadership of Zerubbabel, Ezra and Nehemiah.Before this, God had promised through the prophet Danielthat " from the going forth of the commandment to restore andto build Jerusalem [this was the commission given in 455 B.C.by Artaxerxes, king of Persia, to Nehemiah] unto the Messiahthe Prince shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks,"that is to say, 69 weeks of years =483 years. "And he shallconfirm the covenant with many for one week," the 70th week.Thus God promised a period of 70 weeks (490 years) of continucdfavour to the Israelites, to end in 36 -4.~.-See Dan. g : 24-27.It was doubtless in consequence of the prophecy of Daniel,that when the Messiah did come all men were in expectation-Luke 3 : 15. But they loolted for a mighty king, statesman andgenersl, who would deliver them from their Roman bondage,and make them the foremost nation on earth,-a method ofblessing very different from that purposed by God. They weremuch disappointed with the meek and lowly Jesus. They couldnot understand him nor his message, and therefore they despisedand rejected him. Yet he fulfilled 'in their sight the prophecieswhich had been written concerning him. As he himself said :"The blind receive their sight, and the lame walk, the lepersare cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and thepoor have the good tidings preached to them "-Matt. 11 : 5.One might have expected that their hearts would have beentouched with these manifestations of the love and power of Godthrough Christ, but both Jews and Gentiles had become sodegraded that they reviled and finally crucified the Holy One.And when the disciples who had gladly forsaken all to followJesus, manifested the same lovii~g disposition as their Master,and tried to convey to others the blessing which they themselves37

Like their Head, the members of the Body have been despisedand rejected, for the world knoweth them not, even as it knewl~im not. But soon the full number will have made their callingand election sure, and will be glorified with the Lord Jesus.Tlicn the world mill recognize them as the seed of Abraham,heirs of God and joint-heirs with Jesus Christ, and the blessir~gof all the families of the earth will begin, for the whole creationhas been groaning in pain, waiting for the manifestation of thesons of God-Rom. 8 : 19-22. Under the beneficent rule of theChrist, head and body, " sorrow and sighing shall flee away."Every individual in every nation will have full opportunity toregain the human perfection, the dominion over the world, andthe communion with God, lost for them by Adam, and purchasedfor them by Jesus Christ, who came to seek and to save thatwhich was lost, man's first estate-Isa. 35 ; Luke 19 : 10.It should now be clear to the reader that God has a definite,pre-arranged plan, and that it is certain of accomplishment ; andas he studies the various details of that plan as revealed in theBible, and confirmed in the Great Pyramid of Gizeh, he willcome to a fuller appreciation of the justice, wisdom and powerof the Great Creator, who could devise and carry out suchglorious purposes, and his heart will respond to the love whichprompted them.SECTION I11MOST of the important features of this plan are indicatedin the accompanying chart, in which the figure of apyramid is fittingly chosen as a symbol of perfection ;while the thought of imperfection is represented by a pyramidwith its headstone removed.*The horizontal line at the top of the chart represents thestream of time from the creation of Adam onward ; while theDispensations and Ages are marked off by vertical lines supplementedby large and small segments of circles above. The. other horizontal lines represent the various planes of relationshipof man to God during these Dispensations and Ages.The small pyramid at the beginning of the First Dispensationrepresents Adam as he was created on the plane of humanperfection, and therefore at peace with God. He would haveremained in this condition had he continued obedient to hisCreator, but through disobedience he fell to the plane of huma?zdepravity or imperfection represented by the lowest horizontalline on the chart. On this plane all his posterity have beenborn, for by the law of heredity, they share the curse. Theyare indicated by the two large but imperfect pyramids shown onthis lowermost line, one in the First Dispensation, representingthe " world of the ungodly " before the Flood (2 Pet. 2 : 5), andthe other in the Second Dispensation, representing " this presentevil world "-Gal. I : 4.The small imperfect pyramid on the short line above the line* For a complete study of the subject the reader is earnestlyrequested to procure the Scriptuve Studies, by C. T. Russell, the firstvolume of which, entitled The Divine Plan of the Ages, gives a co~npletedescription of this chart.41

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But though all the obedient of thein will have favouredpositions in the Millennia1 Kingdom, they will find that owingto their rejection of Christ, they have lost the chief honour.They will be in the earthly phase of the Kingdom, whereas thefaithful remnant of that nation, and all the Gentiles who havebelieved in and followed Christ, will be raised to reign with himin the spiritual phase of the Kingdom.The second little pyramid on the plane of human perfectionrepresents Abraham who was accounted righteous in God's sightbecause of his faith. Similarly, all who have had the faith ofAbraham have been accounted righteous or just, althoughactually there is " none righteous, no, not one "-Rom. 4 : 8-13 ;3 : 10.In the eleventh chapter of the Epistle to the Hebrews a listis given of the " Ancient Worthies," few in number, whose faithhas been accounted unto them for righteousness. In the agesprior to the ransom-sacrifice of Christ, they proved their faithtoward God in the inidst of severe trials. When the hour comcs,in which all that are in the graves shall hear the voice of the Sonof Man, and shall come forth (John 5 : 28, 2g), these saints willget their reward by rising actually perfect ; but their perfectionwill be on the human plane on which Adam stood before his fall.This was intimated by Jesus when he said, " Verily I say untoyou, Among them that are born of women there hath not risena greater than John the Baptist [not even Abraham, Moses,David, or any of the holy prophets] : notwithstanding he thatis least in the kingdom of heaven is greater than he "-Matt.I1 : 11.All, even the least, who will share the Kingdom with Christwill be raised to the plane of the Divine nature, but none wholived and died previous to the death and resurrection of Christcan attain to this exalted position. The reason is that it wasnecessary for Christ to be the " fore-runner " ; and only his" followers " can possibly gain entrance to the Holy Sanctuary-See Heb. 6 : 19, 20 ; g : 24 ; 11 : 39, 40 ; Acts 2 : 34. I11 theforty-fifth Psalm, verse 16, we are told that these fathers ofChrist according tomthe flesh, will become his children and willbe made by him princes in all the earth. Christ, as the LastAdam, will raise all men from the grave, and will give ever-44lasting life to the obedient, thus becoming their " EverlastingFather." The faithful followers of Christ, the overcomers oithis Age, will be associat~cl with him as his Bride-Rev. 3 : 21 ;1g:7-9; 2 Cor. 11 : 2.The third little pyramid on the plane of human perfectionrepresents Jesus Christ, who left the glory that he had with theFather before the world was, and became flesh in order that" by the grace of God he might taste death for every man "-Heb. 2 : g. He suffered, the just for the unjust, that he mightbring us to God, " being put to death in the flesh, but quickenedin the spirit "-I Pet. 3 : 18, R.V. Thus he laid down his perfecthuman life for ever as a substitute or ransom-price for the FirstAdam. This, as God had foreknown, none of the fallen racecould do-Psa. 49 : 7.It is because the death penalty passed upon the First Adamhas been paid by the Last Adam, that the First Adam and allwho have come under condemnation through his offence, will beliberated from the great prison-house of death. The law ofperfect justice which demands a tooth for a tooth, and an eyefor an eye, has been met by the payment of a perfect humanlife for a perfect human life--Deut. 19 : 21. " There is onemediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus, whogave himself a ransom for all, to be testified [to all] IN DUETIME "-I Tim. 2 : 4-6.When Jesus Christ was immersed in the Jordan by John theBaptist, he symbolized the sacrifice of his human nature untodeath, and when he came out of the water and was anointed withthe Holy Spirit and with power (Acts 10 : 37,38), he was thenbegotten to a new nature on the spirit plane. Thenceforwardtill his death he is represented by the small pyramid on theplane of spirit-begetting, the line situated in the Gospel Ageimmediately above the plane of human perfection.At his death, having given his JEesh for the life of the world(John 6 : 5), he laid aside for ever his huma~z nature, and on thethird day was raised from the dead a spirit being-I Pet. 3 : 18,R.V. During the forty days which followed he is representedby the small pyramid on the plane of spirit-birth, the perfectspirit plane, the second line above the plane of human prefectionin the Gospel Age.45

Finally, on his ascension to the Father, he was invested withfilory and honour (represented by thc pyramid on the highestplane, the plane of the Divine glory), there to become the " headstone " of thc " Great Pyramid " which the Lord Jehovah willset up in thc Millennia1 Age, the " Dispensation of the fulnessof times "-Eph. I : 15-23> 10. '' The stone which the buildersrefused is become the head stone of the corner "-Psa. 118 : 22.All creation will have the opportunity of becoming " stones "in the great Antitypical Pyramid ; but the most honouredposition next the Lord Jesus is held out to the followers ofChrist in this Gospel Age, now closing. These must first bejustified by faith as Abraham was ; as it is written : " He[Abraham] staggered not at the promise of God through unbelief,but was strong in faith, giving glory to God ; and being fullypersuaded that what he had promised, he was able also to perform; and therefore it was imputed to him for righteousness.Now it was not written for his sake alone that it was imputedto him, but for us also, to whom it shall be imputed, if we believeon him that raised up Jesus our Lord from the dead ; who wasdelivered for our offences, and was raised again for our justification"-Rom. 4 : 20-25.Just as Abraham's faith and loyalty were submitted to testsand became stronger with each, so is it with all who remainfaithful in this Age ; and just as God accepted Abraham tofellowship with him, calling him friend (Jas. 2 : 23), so he acceptsall of this Age who have the faith of Abraham to the same termsof fellowship. The final test of Abraham's faith and loyaltycame when God said to him : " Take now thy son, thine onlyson, Isaac, whom thou lovest, and get thee into the land ofMoriah ; and offer him there for a burnt-offering upon one ofthe mountains which I will tell thee of "-Gen. 22 : 2. Abraham'sfaith in God was not shaken. He offered up Isaac on thealtar, " accounting that God was able to raise him up, even fromtlie dead, from whence also he received him in a figure "-Heb.11 : 19. In like manner, the present members of the householdof faith receive their final test as regards justification, when theycome to understand Christ's new commandment that they shouldlove one another as he loved them, that is, that they should laydo7evz their lives for one another-John 13 : 34 ; I John 3 : 16.. 46Abraham's faith could not and will not be fully rewardedmitil the sacrifice of the Antitypical Isaac (Christ, head and l~otly.the Seed of Abraham) is complete. Not till the Church isglorified will he be raised to the perfect human plane, with thcright to eternal life-Heb. 11 : 39, 40. During the Gospel age,however, from the time that Jesus Christ " was delivered forour offences and raised again for our justification," and ascendedto heaven and " appeared in the presence of God for us," whenevera true believer presents his body a living sacrifice, at thatvery moment God imputes full earthly life-rights to him, andthen receives him in Christ as a holy and acceptable sacrifice.At the same moment also, he bestows upon him the Holy Spiritof adoption as an earnest or pledge of his future spiritual inheritanceph.I : 13,14. Henceforth he is on the plane of spiritualbegetting. It is of such that the Apostle says, " Ye are not inthe flesh, but in the spirit, if so be that the spirit of God dwellin you," and again, " There is therefore now no condemnationto them who are in Christ Jesus, who walk not after the flesh,but after the spirit "-Rom. 8 : 9, I.Thus we see that three steps are necessary. The first twoare taken by faith ; the third is by the power of God, and willbe consummated when those who are faithful to their vow ofconsecration unto death, are given the inheritance with Christas actual spirit beings of the Divine nature-I Cor. 15 : 53 ;2 Pet. I : 4. These three steps are referred to in Rom. 5 : I, z-(I) " Being justijied by faith we have peace with God throughour Lord Jesus Christ, by whom also we have (2) access by faithinto this grace [of sanctification] wherein we stand, and rejoicein hope of (3) the glory of God " (the plane of Divine Glory).The Church nominal is represented on the chart by theimperfect pyramid in the centre of the Gospel Age. It is composedof four classes. Two of these are situated above the planeof spirit-begetting. They are such as have responded to theLord's gracious invitation, voiced by the Apostle in Rom. 12 : I,and have presented their bodies living sacrifices, and have beenbegotten of the spirit. The top portion represents the wisevirgins who carry out their vows willingly and faithfully untodeath. In the resurrection, they will be raised spirit beings on47

the highest plane beside the Lord himself to become his Bride.the^ will sit wit11 him on his throne and will reign with him athousand years-Rev. 3 : 21 ; 20 : 6.The other portion represents another class, the foolish virgins,who, not proving so faithful, will be required to come throughgreat tribulation, and will be forced to complete their sacrifice.Such as are rightly exercised by this discipline will be " savedso as by fire," and will be raised, like the Bride class, spiritbeings, but on a lower plane. They are the virgins, the Bride'scompanions, who will follow her. Having washed their robes,and made them white in the blood of the Lamb. they will standbefore the throne of God, and serve him day and night in histemple, and the Lamb will lead them unto fountains of water oflife, and God will wipe away all tears from their eyes. " Withgladness and rejoicing shall they be brought ; they shall enterinto the King's palace "-Rev. 7 : 9-17 ; Psa. 45 : 14, 15.A third class are the believers in gencral who are not sanctified,and are not, therefore, spirit-begotten. If they do not take thestep of consecration, their reasonable rrvice, they will findthat they have received the grace of God in vain (2 Cor. 6 : I :Luke g : 24), and will require to take their portion along withthe world in the Millennia1 Age. They are represented by theportion of the imperfect pyramid which is situated on the planebelow the plane of spirit-begetting.The fourth class, represented by that part which is belowthe justification plane, do not properly belong to the Church.They have no faith in Christ as their Saviour, and thereforereally belong to the world of the lungodly. They have becomeattached to the Church from purely worldly interests, or fromfear. These are the " tares " which the encmy sowed, andwhich have been permitted, in accordance with the Lord'scommand, to grow side by side with the " true wheat " untilthe time of the " harvest" a(. the end of the 4ge, when theseparation is due to take place-Matt. I 3 : 18-30, 34-43.This " harvest " period with its accompanying time oftrouble, is represented in the chart by the shading at the endof the Second Dispensation, where the large imperfect pyramidis seen to be broken, representing the separation of the fourclasses which have formed the Nominal Church. The worldlyclass, and also that class of believers in Christ whose faith wasnot real enough to lead them to the point of presenting themselvesto the Lord in sacrifice, fall back into the world to whichthey both belong; while of the two classes begotten to thespirit nature, one will come through the trouble which the Lordwill find it necessary to bring upon them in order that their" robes " of righteousness which they allowed to become spottedby contact with the world, may be " washed in the blood of theLamb "-Rev. 7 : 9-17.But the faithful class will be counted worthy to escape allthose things that shall come to pass-Luke 21 : 36, The latterform the special class for the selection of which the Lord has setapart the whole Gospel Age-Acts 15 : 14. They are the " seedof Abraham," the " chosen generation.'' the '' royal priesthood,''the " holy nation," the " peculiar people," whom the Lord haselected in order that they may show forth his glory in the Agesto comor Pet. 2 : g.They will be sharers with the Lord inhis, the jrst, resurrection, and of such it is written : " Blessedand holy is he that hath part in the first resurrection : . . .they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign withhim a thousalld years "-Rev. 20 : 6.When the full number of this faithful class has been selectedand gathered to the Lord in the " first resurrection " to becomehis Bride, then the Lord Jesus Christ and his Bride will, in thatwonderful Millennia] reign which is referred to as " Times ofRestitution of all things, which God hath spoken by the mouthof all his holy prophets since the world began." invite the willingof all nations to come and drink freely of the water of life-Acts3 : 21 ; Rev, 22 : 17.It is during the Millennia1 Age that the Lord of heaven andearth will set up his great Antitypical Pyramid ; when he will" gather together in one all things in Christ, both which are inheaven and which are on earth "-Eph. I : 10. In that " dayof the Lord," or " day of judgment," which. as the ApostlePeter is careful to point out. is a " day " of a thousand years(2 Pet. 3 : 7-10), Satan will be bound, and all the millions ofearth's inhabitants who have died during the past six thousandyears because of Adam's transgression, will be called forth fromthe tomb-John 5 : 28, 29, R.V.D49

As Christ's " purchased possession " (Eph. I : I4 ; Micah4: 8), all men will be redeemed from the prison-house of deathand will be given an accurate knowledge of the Lord and hisgreat scheme of salvation, in order that they may progress alongthe " highway of holiness " which will be set up in that day ;for " the redeemed of the Lord shall return and come to Zionwith songs and everlasting joy upon their heads: they shallobtain joy and gladness, and sorrow and sighing shall flee away.''" He will swallow up death in victory ; and the Lord God willwipe away tears from off all faces ; . . . and it shall be said inthat day, Lo, this is our God ; we have waited for him, and hewill save us : this is the Lord ; we have waited for him, we willbe glad and rejoice in his salvation "-Isa. 35 : 8-10 ; 25 : 8, 9.No wonder Paul said : " I have hope toward God . . . thatthere shall be a resurrection of the dead, both of the just and~njust "-Acts 24 : I 5. He knew that Jesus had come to " seekand to save that which was lost," and that " he is the propitiationfor our [the Church's] sins : and not for ours only, but also forthe sins of the whole world "-Luke 19 : 10 ; I John 2 : 2. Heknew that although only the few would find life by the " narrowway " of this Gospel Age, the many would yet have their opportunity; and he had hope for them, because " when the judgmentsof the Lord are in the earth, the inhabitants of the world 7ailllearn righteoueness "-Rom. 5 : 18, 19 ; Isa. 26 : 9.In that Millennial Day, because of the greatness of the Lord'spower in favour of the righteous and against the wicked, someof the Lord's enemies finding that it will pay them better to beat least outwardly righteous, will " yield feigned obedience " tohim-Psa. 72 : 7 ; 66 : 3, margin. But most of the people willbe willing in the day of his power (Psa. rro : 3) ; they will soonrecognize that the Lord's judgments are for their benefit ; andultimately all nations which God has made will come and worshipbefore him, and will glorify his name-Psa. 86 : 9. The majoritywill eventually love him and his righteous laws ; and " the Lordpreserveth all them that love him "-Psa. 145 : 20.On the other hand, should any persist in evil-doing in spiteof the Lord's goodness to them, they will be destroyed fromamong the people. But all, even the most incorrigible, will getat least a hundred years' trial. In Isa. 65 : 20, we read : " There50shall no more come thence an infant of few days, nor an old manthat shall not have the full length of his days ; as a lad shallnnc die a hundred years old ; and as a sinner shall be acciu-set111c who dieth at a hundred years old "-- Leeser's translation. Allthose who obey f he Lord, whether with feigned Iove or unfeignedlove, will live right on to the end of the thousand years ; andthen, as we are told in Rev. zo : 7, 8, " when the thousand yearsare expired, Satan shall be loosed out of his prison, and shall goout to deceive the nations."This will be the final test which will make manifest thosewho are in heart-harmony with the righteous Judge. Those whohave yielded only feigned obedience will no doubt see somemeans by which they will hope to gain more by submitting toSatan's suggestions than by loyalty to the Lord, and thus theirsympathy with sin will be manifested ; the fact that they arenot in heart-harmony with the Lord will be demonstrated to all.Such will be cut off in the second death as unworthy of a placein the Lord's glorious Kingdom : " for the upright shall dwellin the land, and the perfect shall remain in it ; but the wickedshall be cut off from the earth, and the transgressors shall berooted out of it "-Prov. 2 : 21, 22. Satan and all the fallenangels will likewise be destroyed-Heb. 2 : 14 ; Rev. 21 : 8.There was a " Harvest " period at the end of the Jewish Agewhen the " wheat " was gathered to the Lord, and the " chaff "was burned in the great " fire of trouble " which, by the year70 A.D., culminated in the destruction of the nation of Israel-Luke 3 : 16, 17 ; John q : 38 ; r : 11-13. At the present time,at the end of this Gospel Age, we have entered into a similarHarvest period when the " wheat " and " tares," which wereallowed to grow together until the time of the Harvest, arebeing separated,-the " wheat " to be gathered into the Lord'sgarner, 3nd the " tares " to be bound in bundles and burnedin the great fire of trouble which began in the year 1914 A.D.and will culminate in the destruction of Christendom-Matt,13 : 24-30, 34-43. Similarly, at the end of the Millennial Agethere will be a Harvest period, probably of the same durationas the others, namely 40 years. This will be the " little season "during which Satan will be let loose, and be permitted to seducethose of a wayward (goat-like) character. Those, however, who51

are docile and faithful (sheep-like in character) will know thetrue Shepherd's voice and will not listen to the voice of a stranger.In Matt. 25 : 31-46, we are told : " When the Son of Manshall come in his glory [the Second Advent], and all the holyangels with him, then shall he sit upon the throne of his glory:and before him shall be gathered all nations: and he shallseparate them one from another, as a shepherd divideth his sheepfrom the goats." The " goat " class will go into everlasting fireprepared for the devil and his angels (the " second death," seeRev. 21 : 8) ; while the " sheep " class will inherit the kingdomprepared for them " from the foundation of the world." Paradisewill be restored and all human beings, perfect as Adam wasbefore the Fall, and " crowned with glory and honour " (Psa.8 : 4-g), will have communion with God and the holy angels.They will have dominion, also, " over the fish of the sea, andover the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all theearth."Then will follow the " Ages to come " when the prayer whichthe Lord taught his disciples to offer will be fully answered, andthe will of our Heavenly Father will be done on earth as it isdone in heaven. These Ages will be " the days of heaven uponthe earth " spoken of by Moses (Deut. 11 : ZI), for " the heavensare the Lord's : but the earth hath he given to the children ofmen "--Psa. 115 : 16. " And I heard a great voice out ofheaven saying, Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, andhe will dwell with them, and they shall be his people, and Godhimself shall be with them, and be their God. And God shallwipe away all tears from their eyes : and there shall be no moredeath, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be anymore pain : for the foriner things are passed away. And hethat sat upon the throne said, Behold, I make all things new.And he said unto me, Write : for these words are true and~a'aithful "-Rev. 21 : 3-5.SECTION IVTHE faithful followers of Christ, for whose selection Godset apart the Gospel Dispensation, are likened to" living stones " and are urged by the Apostle to comeunto Christ, the " chief comer-stone," and be shaped, polished,and built in line with him-I Pet. z : 1-8. " Thus saith theLord God, Beliold I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a triedstone, a pl-ecious corner stone, a sure foundation "Isa. 28 : 16.To us who believe, Jesus Christ is precious, because as thechief, or head, " corner-stone " of Jehovah's great Spiritual" Pyramid," we recognize his peculiar fitness for this exalted andcentral position. We see that without him the whole plan ofGod would be incomplete, just as a pyramid without its topstoneis not complete-Col. I : 16-19. It may seem contradictoryfor the prophet Isaiah to speak of the head corner-stoneas being a stone " lor a foundation," but when we consider thatthis " Foundation," Jesus Christ, is " laid in heaven," and thatthe attraction which draws us to Christ is upward, or heavenward,not downward or earthward as in an earthly building, theapparent contradiction vanishes. The head-stone, therefore,is also a foundation-stone.A little reflection will rcnder manifest that the topmost stoneof such an edifice as the pyramid must itself be a pyramid, andtherefore complete in itself ; but the rest of the structure, apartfrom this top-stone, however polished and adapted to each otherthe individual stones may be, would be imperfect. Place thetop-stone in position, however, and at once the whole structureleaves nothing to be desired. The four sloping sides would thenmeet in a point at the top-stone, which would, therefore, be the"chief corner-stone," the " head-stone of the corner "-Eph.2 : 20 ; Psa. 118 : 22.

As with Solomon's Temple, so with the Great Pyramid ofGizeh, the stones were cut and prepared at the quarries beforethey were brought and placed in position. This fact is carefullyexplained by Professor Flinders Petrie in his admirable book :The Pymmids and I'emples of Gizelz. Treating on the methodof work employed in building the Great Pyramid, he writes :" From several indications it seems that the masons planned thecasing, and some at least of the core masonry also, course bycourse on the ground. For on all the casing, and on the core onwhich the casing fitted, there are lines drawn on the horizontalsurfaces, showing where each stone was to be placed on thosebelow it. If the stones were merely trimmed to fit each othcras the building went on, there would be no need to have so carefullymarked the place of each block in this particular way ; andit shows that they were probably planned and fitted together onthe ground below." Another indication of very careful and elaborate planningon the ground is the topnlost space over the King's Chamber ;there the roofing-beams were numbered, and marked for thenorth and south sides ; and though it may be thought that itcould bc of no consequence in what order they were placed, yetall their details were evidently schemed before they were deliveredto the builders' hands." A beautiful illustration is this of theliving stones in God's great Antitypical Pyramid, Jesus Christand his Church, selected and prepared in the quarry of thisworld, before being placed together to form the glorious symbolicalbuilding of the Millennia1 Age !One can imagine that the Egyptian builders (who, accordingto the accounts of Herodotus and Manetho, were forced into thework by their mighty invaders, the Hyksos kings), when theywere engaged under the architect's supervision in shaping thechief corner-stone, would find it strangely out of harmony withall their traditional ideas ; for the Great Pyramid was the firstof its kind. It may be that in their ignorance they despisedand rejected it ; and such an awkwardly-shaped stone with itsfive sides, five corners, and seven distinct angles, must doubtlesshave been " a stone of stumbling " to builders whose heads didnot understand, and whose hearts did not appreciate, the greatwork upon which they were engaged.54But though we lnay not be certain how the Egyptian builderstreated the typical chief corner-stone, we have the definitedeclaration of the Word of God that the builderssof the Antitypicalbuilding, those who were permitted by God, the GreatArchitect, to chisel and polish Jesus Christ by the trials andsufferings to which they subjected him, did not comprehendhim. Because of their traditional beliefs and the hardness oftheir hearts, he had no form or comeliness in their eyes, and asit seemed to them that there was no beauty in him that theyshould desire him, they despised and rejected him-Isa. 53 : 2,3.The Scriptures assure us that the work on which these menwere engaged through the Lord's providences, was done by thcmlargely in ignorance, for " had they known it, they would nothave crucified the Lord of Glory "-Acts 3 : 17 ; I Cor. 2 : 8.Nevertheless a measure of responsibility rested upon them. Itwas because of the wrong attitude of their hearts that theyfound Christ " a stone of stumbling and a rock of offence "(I Pct. 2 : 7, 8), and, therefore, this stone which they rejectedand over which they stumbled, in due time fell upon them andcrushed them. This was confirmed by Jesus in the words ofthe prophets : " What is this then that is written, ' The stonewhich the builders rejected, the same is become the head of thecorner ' ? Whosoever shall fall upon that stone shall be broken ;but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to powder "-Luke 20 : 17, 18. The inspired writer then adds in verse 19," The chief priests and the scribes the same hour sought to layhands on him ; . . . for they perceived that he had spoken thisparable against them."In the ninth chapter of his letter to the Romans (verses31-33), the Apostle Paul points out why Christ was to the Jewsa stumbling-stone and rock of offence. It was because theywere seeking to follow after the law of righteousness not byfaith, but as it were by the works of the law. Therefore theystumbled at that stumbling-stone, and later the vengeance ofthe Lord was executed upon them, and, as a nation, they werebroken in pieces like a potter's vessel.In the present time, history is repeating itself. Once morethose who consider themselves the people of God, appropriatingto themselves the name of Christendom (Christ's Kingdom), are55

GROUND PLAN OF THE GREAT PYRAMIDTOGETHER WITH IT5 HORIZONTAL SECTIONAL AREA AT THE LEVEL OF THE KING'S CHAMBER FLOOR.SHOWING MODERN RUBBISH HEAPS FIFTY FEET HIGH. AND SHOWING ALSO EXACTPOSlrlON OF COLONEL HOWARD WSE'S CASING STONE REMNANTS.rejecting the Lord that bought them. Thus is fulfilled the wordof the Lord through the prophet Isaiah (8: 14) : " He [Christ]shall be for a sanctuary [to the true Church] ; but for a stone ofstumbling and for a rock of offence to both the houses of Israel."Both sets of builders, while permitted by the Lord to chisel andpolish the living stones of the Antitypical Pyramid, have notknown Christ (head and body), and have rejected him. Bothhave been guilty of unbelief and hardness of heart, and thejudgment of the Lord on Nominal Fleshly Israel will be repeatedon Nominal Spiritual Israel. Christendom (so called) will bebroken ; as foretold by the Psalmist, " Thou shalt break them[the nations] with a rod of iron ; thou shalt dash them in pieceslike a potter's vessel "-Psa. 2 : g.In due time all the living stones of the Antitypical Pyramidwill be made perfect through sufferings, and then the wholebuilding will be " fitly framed together " as a holy temple inthe Lord. Jesus Christ himself will be the chief corner stone,and as such will occupy the exalted place of honour in the centre,and the twelve Apostles of the Lamb will be the foundationstmes, next to the Lord in position-Eph. 2 : 20-22 ; Rev. 21:14.Whatever the feelings of the Egyptian builders may havebeen during the period of quarrying and preparing the stones forthe Great Pyramid of Gizeh, they must have marvelled andrejoiced when the top-stone was placed in position ; for this,the crowning work of the edifice, must have appealed to themmore than would the finishing touches in any other known formof building, demonstrating to them that their labours were nowcompleted, and that a measure of rest could be enjoyed by all.So with Jehovah's Great Antitypical Pyramid, when " he shallbring forth the head-stone thereof," he will shout " Grace, graceunto it," and the whole creation in heaven and earth will marveland give glory to God, and will honour the Son even as theyhonour the Father-Zech. 4 : 7; John 5 : 23. Amid greatrejoicing every creature will say : " Blessing, and honour, andglory, and power, be unto him that sitteth upon the throne, andunto the Lamb for ever and ever "-Rev. 5 : 13.The identity of the Great Pyramid of Gizeh to the exclusionof all the other pyramids, as the one referred to in the HolyScriptures, is shown by an allusion to one of its characteristic57

distinctions, namely, its socket foundations. This allusion isfound in Job 38 : 4-7. The questions which Jehovah addressesto Job refer first to the earth, and then, while still appearing tobe connected with the earth, clearly allude to the erection of theGreat Pyramid, the type of the New Creation. The Scripturereads thus : " Where wast thou when I laid the foundations ofthe earth ? Declare if thou hast understanding. Who hathlaid the measures thereof, if thou knowest ? Or who hathstretched the line upon it ? Whereupon are the sockets thereofmade to sink ? Or who laid the corner-stone thereof : whenthe morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shoutedfor joy ? " (Marginal reading).The Great Pyramid of Gizeh is the only pyramid possessingsocket-foundations. Commenting upon this fact, Dr. Seissdeclares : " Nor is it only to the pyramidal form in general thatthe allusion is, but to a particzttar pyramid. By that strangereference to the sunken feet or planting of the foundations in. ' sockets,' we are conducted directly to the Great Pyramid ofGizeh. Two socketed ' encastrements,' ' socles,' shoes, or incisedsinkings, into the rock were found under two of its base cornersby the French savants in 1799, which were again urlcovered anddescribed by Colonel Howard Vyse, in 1837." And as God here speaks of such a fastening down of thefoundations in general, Professor C. Piazzi Smyth was persuadedthat there were corresponding ' sockets ' at the other two basecorners, and when search was made for them in 1865, they werefound by Messrs. Aiton and Inglis, assisted by Professor Smyth.Here then are the whole four ' sockets ' or fastened foundations.Nothing of the sort exists at any other known pyramid. Theyare among the distinctive marks of the Great Pyramid of Gizeh.They are the enduring tracks of its feet cut into the living rock,by which almighty God himself identifies it for us as the originalimage from which his own description of the creation is drawn."During this Gospel Age there has been erected a counterfeitAntitypical Pyramid, the workmanship of Satan. Claiming torule by Divine right, it has dominated the whole world for manycenturies ; but it is not the Kingdom for which the Lord taughthis disciples to pray : " Thy Kingdom come." Soon its sinswill have reached unto heaven, and God will remember its58iniquities ; and its plagues will come in one day, death-andmourning and famine ; and it will be utterly destroyed with fire ;for strong is the Lord God who judgeth it-Rev. 18 : 5, 8. Thiswill be during the great time of trouble which is now begun, andwill completely end the Gospel Age.In the Chart of the Ages given in the preceding Section, thegreat time of trouble is represented by the shaded part at theend of the Gospel Age. The large imperfect pyramid thereshown falling in ruins, represents the destruction of " Babylonthe Great," the counterfeit Antitypical Pyramid which has neverbeen completed. In the 5Ist chapter of Jeremiah, the Lordintimates that for it there wiII be neither " headstone," nor" foundation-stones." "Behold I am against thee, 0 destroyingmountain [kingdom], saith the Lord, which destroyeth the earth :and I will stretch out mine hand upon thee, and roll thee downfrom the rocks, and will make thee a burnt mountain : and theyshall not take from thee a stone for a corner, nor a stone forfoundations ; but everlasting ruins sllalt thou be, saith theLord "-Jer. 51 : 25, 26,-Leeser's translation. This vividdescription of the Lord's judgment doubtless applied to theliteral Babylon of the prophet's day, but as indicated by themany citations in the book of Revelation, it has its antitypicalfulfilment in the destruction of " Babylon the Great "-Rev.17 : 5 ; 18.The Great Pyramid of Gizeh, according to Greek, Romanand early Arabian writers, was formerly covered by a beautifulsmooth white-stone casing, which gave to the structure mathematicaltruth and perfection. This casing remained in positionuntil about the year 1000 A.D., when, profiting by the effects ofa severe earthquake recorded to have happened in go8 A.D., theCaliphs of Egypt began to strip off the polished bevelled blocks.The Great Pyramid now presents a dilapidated appearance, andsurrounding it on all four sides are great mounds of debris fiftyfeet high, the fragments of many of the once beautiful casingstones.In his explorations in 1837, Colonel Howard Vyse employedhundreds of workers to dig down through the hills of debris atthe north side, and having exposed three of the original casingstonesirt situ, adhering closely by their original cement to the59

Platfrom base of the building, demonstrated what was once theoutside of the Great Pyramid. These casing-stones consist ofwhite, dense limestone, almost like marble, and exhibit matchlessworkmanship practically as true as modern work by opticalinstrument-makers. The joints are no thicker than silverpaper,yet they include between the polished surfaces an extraordinarilyfine film of white cement.Professor Flinders Petrie in his work The Pyramids andTemples of Gizeh, gives a description of the joints of these casingstones.He writes : " The mean thickness of the joints there isone-fiftieth part of an inch ; and the mean variation of the cuttingof the stone from a straight line, and from a true square, is butone-hundredth part of an inch in a length of 75 inches up theface, an amount of accuracy equal to most modern optician'sstraight-edges of such a length. These joints, with an area ofsome 35 square feet each, were not only worked as finely as this,but were cemented throughout. Though the stones were broughtas close as one-five-hundredth part of an inch, or, in fact, intocontact, and the mean opening of the joint was but one-fiftiethpart of an inch, yet the builders managed to fill the joint withcement, despite the great area of it, and the weight of the stoneto be moved-some sixteen tons. To merely place such stonesin exact contact at the sides would be careful work, but to do sowith cement in the joints seems almost impossible."Colonel Howard Vyse, in drawing attention to this wonderfulcement, writes : " Such is the tenacity of the cement with whichthcy (thc casing-stones) are held together, that a fragment ofone that has been destroyed remains firmly fixed in its originalalignment, notwithstanding the lapse of time, and the violenceto which it had been exposed." While the fragment of casingstone,to which Colonel Howard Vyse alluded, has been removedsince his day, there is no question as to the tenacity of thecement used by the ancient builders of the Pyramid.It is thus that the Great Master Architect illustrates theclose union of all the " living-stones " with the Headstone andwith each other. The invisible cement which binds them sotenaciously together is Love. But before they are ready to becompactly fitted together and the building completed, theymust first undergo much knocking, shaping and polishing to6 I

conform them to the harmonious lines of the top-stone, for thelcast want of conformity in any of these " stones " wouldprevent their close adherence to their f~llow-members. Likctheir " chief corner-stone," they ~nust he perfected throughsufferings" Uiltii by means of strokes and blows,The shapeless mass appearsSymmetric, polished, beautiful,To stand th' eternal years."Psa. 118 : 22 The stone which the 44 And whosoever shall fall onbuilders refused is become the head this stone shaU be broken ; hut onstone of the corner.whomsoever it shall fall, it will23 This is the Lord's doing it is grind him to powder.marvellous in our eyes.Isa. 28 : 16 Therefore thus saith Mark 12 : 10 And have ye notthe Lord God, Behold I lay in Zion read this scripture ; The stonefor a foundation a stone, a tried which the builders rejected is bestone,a precious comer stone, a come the head of the corner :sure foundation : he that believeth 11 This was the Lord's doing, andshall not make haste. it is marvellous in our eyes ?12 And they sought to lay holdRam. 9 : 33 As it is written, Be- on him, but feared the people; forhold, I lay in Sion a stumbling stone the^ hew that he had spoken theand rock of offence : and whoso- parable against them ; and theyever believeth on him shall not beleft and went their way.ashamed.Isa. 8 : 14 And he shall be for asanctuary : but for a stone ofstumMing and for a rock of offenceto both the houses of Israel, for agin and for a snare to the inhabitantsof Jersualem.Zech. 4 : 7 Who art thou, 0 greatmountain ? before Zerubhabel thoushalt become a plain : and he shallbring forth the head-stone thereofwith shoutings, crying, Grace, graceunto it IMatt. 21 : 42 Jesus saith untothem, Did ye never read in the Acts 4 : 10 Be it known unto youscriptures, The stone which the all, and to all the people of Israel,builders rejected, the same is bethat by the name of Jesus Christ ofcome the head of the corner : this Nazareth, whom ye crucified, whomis the Lord's doing, and it is mar- God raised from the dead, even byvellous in our eyes ?him doth this man stand here before43 Therefore say I unto you, The you whole.kingdom of God shall he taken from I I This is the stone which wasyou, and given to a nation bringing set at nought oi you builders, whichforth the fruits thereof.is become the hrad nf the comer.62Epli. z : 20 And arc built upon thcioundation of the apostles andprophets, Jesus Christ himself beingthe chief comer stone :21 In whom all the building, fitlyframed together, groweth unto aholy temple in the Lord :22 In whom ye also are buildedtogether for an habitation of Godthrough the Spirit.I Pet. 2 : 4 TO whom coming, asunto a living stone, disallowed indeedof men, but chosen of God,and precious.5 Ye also, as living stones, arebuilt up a spiritual house, an holypriesthood, to offer up spiritualsacrifices, acceptable to God byJesus Christ.6 Wherefore also it is containedin the scripture, Rehold, I lay inSion a chief corner stcne, elect,precious : and he that believeth onhim shall not be confo~inded.7 Unto you thcreforc \vlich bclievehe is precious : but unto themwhich be disobedient, the stonewhich the builders disaliowed, thesame is made the head of the corner.8 And a stone of stumbling, anda rock of offence, even to themwhich stumblc at thc word, beingdisobedient : whereunto also theywere appointed.Job 38 : 4 Where mas thou when1 laid the foundations of the earth ?declare, if thou hast understanding.5 ll'ho hath laid the measuresthereof, if thou knowest ? or whohath stretched the line upon it ?6 Whereupon are the socketsthereof made to sink ? or who laidthe corner stone thereof.7 When the morning stars sangtogether, and all the sons of Godshouted for joy ?

SECTION VSPEAKING of the Great Pyramid, C. T. Russell says :" But while the outward testimony of this great structureis thus complete and in accord with God's writtenrcvelation, its inner construction is cven more wonderful. Whileits outward form illustrates the completed results of God's Planof Redemption, the inner construction marks and illustratesevery P~onzinent feature of that plan as it has developed from ageto age, do:vn to its glorious and co111plzte consummation."In order to an intelligent and appreciative understanding ofits symbolical aspect, the reader must first acquaint himself withthe interior system of the building. The names llerc given tothe various passages and cl~arnbers are those comnlonly acccptedby Pyramid students. They are mentioned in the order ir~which they appeared to the joint-authors of Gvent Py~nnlidPassages, during their visit to the monument in the months ofJune and July of the year 1909, and will be easily followed ifreference be made to the accompanying diagrams.There is but one original Entra~zce to the interior of the GreatPyramid. High up the face of the northern flank, and nearlytwenty-four fcct to the east of the middle line of it, a smalldoorway leads into thc Descending Pnssuge, which, likc all tllcpassages, runs froni north to south. So low is thc roof of thispassage (barely four feet), that wc I-cquired to stoop considerably,and the difficulty of progression was illcreascd by its slipperi~lessand steep downward inclination. For the first seventy-eightfeet or so the centre of the floor is hewn and worn into a seriesoE irregular irc~~lclit~s. rfl~c:se icricled lo il\crt1asc thc cliffimltyof our tlescciit, thougli 1iel.c ~rncl tllci-e tlic cslra ~crtical Iicigbtwhich they aliorcl eilablcd us to walk upright.E 65

Dr~rUlr 41. K. YirtlgilatrThe Iron Gri!l Door which closes thr lower reach of the DescendingPossage of the Great Pyramid of Gizeh ; shorfiing Judohsitting on the debris which concealed Petrie's granite block ;also the lower butt-end of the Granite Plugwhich closes the entrance of theFirst Ascending Passage06A few feet fu~-thcr down tlic passage we ~loticecl a depressiollj11 the roof, into wliich a. rectangular, dark granite block is fittedSee the drawing by I

IIf\,1'In the unfinished floor of the Pit (as the Subterranean Chamberis generally named) appears the large, squarish tnoutll of adeep vertical shaft, a reproduction of our pllotograph of whichwe here show. Wc had always to avoid walking too near itsedge, for the rough uneven floor of the Pit is covered with loosecrumbling debris. Directly opposite the doorway of the passagethrough which we had gained acccss to the Pit, we perceived bythe light of our candles another low tloorway. On investigatingthis we found it to be the beginning of a small-bore passage,running horizontally southward for fully 50 feet to a blind end.In the Descending Passage, about 24 feet up from the lowerend, there is an opening in the west wall. It is the entrance intoa small passage, six feet in length, which leads to the lower endof an almost vertical shaft, only a little over two feet square inbore, named the Well. The diagrams of the Pyramid's passages,and Subterranean Chamber, show the position of this openingin the west wall of the Descending Passage ; and demonstratethat the Well-shaft communicates with the upper passages.Immediately above or north of the granite stone on whichthe grill-door is fixed, there is an irregular opening in the westwall of the Descending Passage. When we stepped through thisopening, we found ourselves in a large cavernous space. Thiscavity with its opening from the Descending Passage washollowed out in the masonry eleven hundred years ago by CaliphA1 Mamoun, son of Harun A1 Raschid of Arabian Nights' fame.After entering the cavity, when we turned round and looked up,holding our candles above our heads, we saw that the west sideof the upper two-thirds of the Granite Plug, already mentioned,.had been exposed by A1 Marnoun's excavation.The small space between the lower end of the Granite Plug,and the roof-line of the Descending Passage, was originallyclosed by a smooth limestone block similar to the other stoneswhich form the roof of the Descending Passage, and in line withthem. So effectually did this limestone block conceal theentrance of the First Ascending Passage, that none of the classicnations knew of the existence of the upper passages and charnhers.Later, the little of what was once known by ancientEgypt, Greece and Romc, was lost, for even the site of entranceto thr (Great Pyrn~nitl bccame forg0ttt.n. Cor~vq~~ently, w1ic.n7T

Calipll A1 Marnoun, with the mistaken idca that the GreatPyl-amid contained ti-casurcs of golcl ancl precious stone\, clcsii-edto ci~t(,r it aid c.xl)lorc its wonclcrs, tlicrc u:~q only an illcliitlnctrumour to guide him towards trying thc northern rather thanany other side of the monnment. He selectcd a spot in themiddlc linc on tl-ic scvcnth course of masonry, ancl, thercfol-e,several feet beIow and to the right of thc true Entrance. Herche caused his workmen to force a passage horizontally into thegieat solid mass of the Pyramid.It is reported that after wcelts of fruitless quarrying, thcCaliph's despairing workmen were disposed to abandon theirtask, when one day they heard a noise as if something had fallenin an interior space a few feet from where they were. Theyimmediately set to work eastwards in the direction of the sound,and sooil burst into the Desccnding Passage, thus forming theirregular opening already described. There they found that thenoise had been caused by the falling of the large angular stone,which for ages had formed part of the roof of the DescendingPassage, and had scaled up the entrance to the upper passagesand chambers. In this way, the Pyramid's most importantstructuial scc~et was le\calccl for the firs1 tiine since the ciectiouof thc building; and had it not beell for thc shaking of themasonry which caused the roof-stone to becornc dislodged andfall, the uppcr passages might even yet have remained unknown.Rut the workmen, though they had discovered the FirstAscending Passage, found that access into it is prevented by theGranite Plug, which is so tightly wedged that it is impossible toremove it entire, and so hard that it would be extremely difficultto break up. They chose the easier plan of breaking andremoving the limestone bloclrs to the right or west of theGranite Plug, and so forced their way upwards into the passageabove. This discovery of the upper passages was made in theyear 820 A n ; and as the Great Pyramid was built about theyear 2140 B c , their existence must have been unknown forpracticallj- three thousand years !It was many years after A1 Mamoun's attack on the insideof the Great Pyramid that there began, with the object ofbuilding the new Mussulman cities and mosques, that spoilingof itq outsicle which resulted in the removal of the top-stone, ancl7z1I\of nearly all the smooth, white casing-stones that formerljcovci-cdoi cncasccl tlic b~~ilding. Prior to this act of vandalism,the shining wllitc Pvram~cl mmi5t liavc prcscuted a glorious sigllt.Professor Flinders Pctrie points out that the stones at the summitof the Pyramid continued to be thrown down from time to timetill so recently as the beginning of last century. This is evidentfrom thc names and dates which innumerable visitors havecarvcd on the stones that form the present flat summit, the sizeof which is about twenty-three and a half feet square, forming,therefore, a platform with an area of over 550 square fcet.To resume: Having passed through the forced hole in thewest wall of the Descending Passage into the cavernous hollow,and then, taking advantage of a ledge and a series of notches onthe high south-east wall of the hollow, we climbed to the uppcrcnd of the Granite Plug and gained access to the First AscendingPassage, which runs in the same vertical plane and at the sameangle to the horizon as the Descending Passage.To procced up the Flrst Asccndlng Passage, we required tostoop uncomfortably low, for, like the Descending Passage, itsroof is scarcely four feet above its floor. When, howevcr, wereach the southern upper extremity of the passage, we emergedinto a large place, where to our joy we found a level floor andabundance of room to stand erect and so relicve our achinghaclts. Wc wcre now at the lower end of the noblest passagein the Great Pyramid, which has been well named the GrandGallery. This Gallery ascends in the same vertical plane, andat the same angle, as the First Ascending Passage, the inclinedfloors of both being continuous. The reason why we steppedon to a level floor on emerging from the First Ascending Passageis because another passage, called the Horizontal Passage, alsohas its beginning at this place.When we reached the Grand Gallery, we werc glad of a littlerest and a quiet loolr round.(I) Behind us was the low stcep passage up which we hadjust laboriously clambered.(2) Straight in front of us we saw the low entrance to theHorizontal Passage, which extends southwards in the samevcrtical plane as thc Descending and First Ascending Passages,llllt, as indicated by its name, in a hori7ontal direction. InI

height and width, it corresponds to the Descending and FirstAscending Passages, and leads to a large, nearly square roomwith a high gablcd roof, ltnown as tlic Q~reen's Chamber, on theeast wall of which is a peculiar shallow Niche. On our visit tothe Queen's Chamber, we required to keep a careful watch as weproceeded along the low Horizontal Passage ; otherwise we wolildhave been in danger of a severe fall, for after traversing sisseventhsof the distance we came to a place where the floorsuddenly drops to a lower le17el.(3) Above the low entrance of the Hoiizontal Passage, sixteenand a half feet in front of us, we beheld the present apparentcommencement of the Grand Gallery floor. Strictly speakingthe commencement is at the north end-wall. At this place thefloor of the First Ascending Passage appears to project abouttwo feet into the Grand Gallery ; but this little inclined portion,though continuous with thc floor of the First Ascending Passage,is really the beginning of the Grand Gallery floor. Betweenthis portion and the portion further south above the HorizontalPassage, there is a large gap-for the purpose of affordingentrance along the Horizontal Passage to the Oueen's Chamber.Some think that originally there was no break in the continuityof the Grand Gallery floor, and that thus the entrance into theQueen's Chamber was concealed. But it is more probable thatthe gap was constructed in order to give the appearance of havingbeen forced. There are certain features which indicate this.(4) When facing south, we perceived at our feet on the westor right-hand side, a very small and short passage branching offin a horizontal direction. The roof of the short passage is on alevel with the floor of the Horizontal Passage. When examiningthis small passage we found it necessary, after steppirig downinto it, to crawl along its floor on hands and knees, but werequired to exercise extreme caution, for at a very short distanceto the west it terminates in a deep vertical shaft, fully two feetsquare in bore. This is the upper end of the Well, the loweropening of which, as already mentioned, appears on the westwall near the foot of the Descending Passage.The Grand Gallery is narrow, being only seven feet in width ;but with the aid of a good light its lofty vaulted roof, twentyeightfeet in vertical height, is seen sloping upwards into deep76obscurity, a ilivst iinpressivc siglrl ! Even iilorc impressive isthis wonderful passagc when it is illuminated with magnesiuillwire burnt behind thc spectator as he is standing at the northcnd. We instructed our Arab attendant to burn magnesiumaway up at the south end of the Gallery, and then every part ofit became visible :-the two side-walls approachiilg each othcrfrom their base upwards by seven overlappings till at thc roofthey are only three and half feet apart ; the narrow roof itselfwith its thirty-six overlappings sloping steeply upwards ; andabout 160 feet away at a level of 70 feet above us as we stood atthe lower or north end of the Grand Gallery, the high taperingsouth wall with, in the centre of its base, the dark square openingof still another low passage. This low passage, which is onlythree and a half feet square in bore, leads horizontally soutliwardsto a small peculiarly marked apartment called the Ante-Chamber, from the south wall of which a similar low passageleads to a large rectangular hall known as the King's Chavzber.When we looked along the floor of the Grand Gallery, wesaw that the walking-space is narrowed to three and a half feetby a pair of low square stone benches or Ranzps, extending thewhole length of the Gallery at the base of the two side walls.The floor of thc Grand Gallery is, therefore, of thc same width,approximately, as the Descending and First Ascending Passages,ll~e Horizontal Passage, and thc two small horizontal passageswhich communicate with the Ante-Chamber and the King'sChamber from the south or upper end of the Grand Gallery.As the apparent commerlcement of the floor of the GrandGallery is over seven feet above the floor of the HorizontalPassage, it would be extremely difficult to ascend the GrandGallery were it not that the East Ramp extends right down tothe north wall, and is sufficiently broad to permit one to walkupwards along it till the sloping floor of the Gallery is reached.The East Ramp is always the onc chosen by visitors desiring toasccild thc Gallery, because, although thc West Ieanip alsoextends right down to .the north wall of the Gallery, thc Wellmouthbreaks its continuity. Along the top of the East Ramp,footholds have becn cut, which we found of great assistance,and without which it would be practically impossible to ascendthis narrow slippery ledge.77

ill (llc lle,~ti of thc Grdlld Gallery (the south ciid), tllcrr isa great Steh, thirty-six inches in height, which we found difficultto surmount, not only on account of its height, but also becauseof the slopiilg floor on which our feet rested ; but we found thatthe Ramps, which terminate against the front of the Step,roved of assistance, for by carefully placing a foot on top ofone of them, we gained sufficient purchase to enable us to springto the upper surface of the Step. This upper surface is a levelplatform, measuring seven feet from side to side, and five feetfrom front to back.We experienced a feeling of rest when we reached the top ofthe Step, after our laborious arid somewhat dangerous climb upthe long steep Gallery. Most visitors to the interior of thePyramid, when they reach the lower end of the Grand Gallery,hesitatc to proceed further. The absence of the floor at thispart, the long inclined walls and the high receding roof disappearinginto the deep gloom above, gives them a feeling ofawe and maltes them afraid to go on. It is only on the repeatedassurances of their voluble Arab guides that some of them arcinduced to make the attempt. Indeed, many of the visitors donot penetrate even to the lower north end of the Grand Gallery,the high south-east wall in A1 Mamoun's cavity, and the steepand very slippery floor of the First Ascending Passage, deterthem from proceeding further than the junction of the FirstAscending Passage ; and very many more will not even ventureinside the Pyramid at all, the low narrow Entrance, and abovcall the smooth glossy white floor which slopes away so suddenlyfrom them, prove too much for their nerves. Those, therefore,who reach the top of the Step at the head of the Grand Gallery,'~nd pass through the low horizontal passages to the King'sChamber, are comparatively a very small and select companyindeed ! *Our inspection of the lofty tapering wall which forms thesouth terminus of the Grand Gallery, showed us that, like thetw3 sidc-walls, it has seven overlappings, each of which projects* Subsequent to the beginning of the World-War in 1914, railings andsteps have been fixed, thus enabling visitors to now easily surmount thedifficulties and reach the King's Chamber.7s1about three inches. 'l'lle topinosl overlap near tZie roof, therefore,projects about twenty-one inches* beyond the base of thewall. The north-end wall at the foot of the Gallery has onlysix overlappings. As the two passages, 'the first from theGrand Gallery into the Ante-Chamber, and the second fromthe Ante-Chamber into the King's Chamber, are each only threeand a half feet high, we found it necessary to stoop considerablywhen going through them. Special care required to be exercisedon emerging from the first low passage into the Ante-Chamber ;for at a short distance (21 inches) from the north wall of thechamber, two thick plates of granite, one above the other, formingtogether what is called tlle Granite Leaf, are fixed between theside walls in such a way, that the bottom of the lower one ison the same level as the roof of the low passage into theAnte-Chamber.The King's Chamber, constructed entirely of immensebeautifully squared and levelled blocks of dark polished granite,is the chief apartment in thc Great Pyramid, the one " to which,and for which, and towards which, the whole Great Pyramidwas originally built." The Granite Coffer is near the west wallof the chamber, and is the only movable article of furniture inthe building. Though named the sarcophagus by those whohold to the tombic theory of the Great Pyramid, it exhibitsnone. of the hieroglyphics nor other markings which are usuallyfound on the sarcophagi in Egypt, nor is there any record ofa mummy ever having been discovered in it.7The King's Chamber is situated at the 50th course of thePyramid masonry at a height of about 150 feet from the ground,and its size is, approximately, 34 feet from east to west, 17 feetfrom north to south, and 19 feet in height. The four walls* The projection is often stated by writers to be seven inches. Butthis is an error. Professor Flinders Petrie measured it in 1881 by theaid of a plumb-line, and published the result as about twenty-one and aquarter inches. My own plumb-line measure, talren in 1912, practicallyconfirms that of Professor Petrie.-(Morton Edgar.jt We deal more fully with the symbolisms and scientific features ofthe Coffer in the companioil booklet entitled : The &eat Pyramid : ItsScienti$c Featztres (1914 A.D. and the Great Py~amid).

:lrc5 I d ! of csacliy o~i(, i~~~licl~.('~.i S~OI~(~S V;II.~III~ ill siy,(s,illc ccilirig is lonilc~d oC nincp cnormous graniic I,c\a~l~s, st~.ct(c~l~i~,gfroill north to soutlr, :ulil cxtc:nding li~c icc:t 1)c~yontl cs:~cl~ sitltbwall. Tl~csc granite 1)c;tiils a]-(: of grcatvr d(,plll tll;111 I)1~~;1(11Ir,joist fashion, arid co~lstitutc: tl~c largrst stollcs ill tl~cb wl~ol(,I'yramid. One of tllcm has a ljrcadtli of livc fc-c,t, ;I tl(.l)Il~ ofabout scvc.11 fcct, and a It\r~gtli of twcYnty-scvcxn fcvt, ;III(~ wc,igl~sabout seventy toils." (How did tllc 1111ildcrs illarlagc to gt.1 ilinto its position ?)Above the King's Wlalnbcr tllerc: are five shallow sl)ac.c,scalled Clzambers of Co~zstnlciio~s, into tllc lowest of which, ktlow~ras " Davison's Chamber " after its discoverer, access is gaiticstlby a small passage entering from the top south-east cor~lc~l.of the Grand Gallery. This small passage is rough, but isapparently original. It is about 24 feet in length, and only32 inches in height by 264 inches in width. The opening Iothis peculiar little passage is formcd by the removal of otlcLentire stone, frorn the topmost course of masonry, at illr~extreme southern end, of the east wall of the Grand Gall(:sy.We did not get an opportunity to explore these Iipl)cxrchambers ; and a visit to thein is attended with danger. Wc,were informed that there is only one guide (who lives ;it 1111.Sakkara Pyramids, about seven iniles further up the Nilc) wllowill venture to ascend to the mouth of the small passag(., illorder to hold a ropc for the venturesome visitor wlio tlcsirctsto cstend his investigations to these uppcr regions. '1-hisguide mounts the giddy height by means of notches cut in 1-11(-wiills at the south-east angle of the Grand Gallery. When wc:rc.lnenlber the limited area of thc uppcr surface of the Step, tlrcbv;tst sloping depth of the Grand Gallery below, and tlic grcxlIlctight of the roof wherc the mouth of thc small passagc issilu:ltcd, wc can well understand that this guide will recluircs,;I..; 111ct [TI-ench say, to " talic his couragc in both hands." OIII.t11.:11) ;~tivndant essayccl to ascend for us, but after climbing ;I, .HOWARD VYSE'SCHAMBERS OF CONSTRUCTION SHOWING OUARRY MARKSS/NCLf SHADE L/NES INDICATE LIMES TONECROSS ED LINfS INDICATE CRA NIT£:! 'l'l~crc is no Ic~~o\vn (visible) stcl~~e in thc Great I'yramid larger (11.i i I ~ is. The weight OL A41)~~.de~~1 red granite is 165 Ills. 10 111~.I [ul,ir. 1'001. 'I'llc cubical contenis of the roof-stonc hcrc nl(!il(io~i~.rl i:iI 1 ; I I I ' 11s mcigl~t is, Llie~.eSorc, I-atl~cr less tllz~t~ 70 1011.; (lO.i( is111 8 .11.,) :I \ 1.1 y I I O ~ L V ~1011~.~I' 81

third of the height, said lle was afraid and came downagain.*It was on the 8th of July in the year 1765 A.D., that Davison,accompanied by a few friends (who did not, however, go withhim all the way), discovered and examined the lowermostChamber of Construction. He ascended to the mouth of thesmall passage by a ladder : and had great difficulty in makinghis way along the confined passage because of the large amountof dirt and bat's manure with which it was choked. Heperceived that the floor of the chamber 1s composed of thereverse of the granite beams which form the ceiling of thcKing's Chamber, and that the entlrc widths of their uppersurfaces are exposed, thus making this low space about fourfeet longer than the chamber below, although the width fromnorth to south is the samc.This comprised all that was known of the parts above thcIcing's Chamber until 1837, when, on the 14th of February ofthat ycar, Col. Howard Vyse instructed his workmc~n tocommence an excavation from the inner end of the smallpassage in a vertical direction, in order to penetrate abovethe roof-beams of Davison's Chamber. He states that hisreason for pursuing this operation, was his belief that asepulchral apartment lay above Davison's Chamber, the latterbeing, as he tliought, merely an entresol or low division betweenthc two main apartments below and above. The work of1* During tny subsequent visit to the Great Pyramid ili 1912, in con-~lcction with the preparation of the manuscript for Vol. TI of Great P:~~raw%idPassages, I irlstructed my ilrab attendant, Judah Faid, to get a long andsubstantial ladder made ; and this was erected on top of the Step at thehead oi the Grand Gallery, its upper end resting on the east mall justIbelow the small d0orwa.y of the passage. In addition to this I hadseveral smaller ladders ~nade by means of which I climbed from thelowest (Davison's) Chamber of Constructioil to the one above, and sosuccessively from one low charnbcr to another till T 1-1:~ched the fifthand highest. Fro111 the floor of one chaluber to the flax of the nestabove it is, on an average, about ten feet. Whcn I again visited theGreat Pyramid a third time, in the early part of 1914, these ladders wereall still where I ha.d lcIt them-the s1ua.11 oncs in the Chambcrs of :IConstruction, and the large one down in thc Sttbterranean Chainber towhich I had 11:~d it renloved for sahty. I was thus enabled to re-visitthese usually inaccessible recesses oi the Pyramid.-(Morton Edguv).82IIYIexcavating proved laborious and most dangerous, bec;iusc: ofits being overhead work, and carried on in so confinetl a sl);~,(:c~.It was not until after six weelis of constant boring and bl.asl:iirg,that the workmen managed to make a small hole into tl~c:cavity above.On receiving this information, the Colonel, in grc-;~.l:expectation, examined the chamber by the aid of a 1iglttc:tlcandle on the end of a rod pushed through the small opcnit~g ;but, he wrote, " I had the mortification of finding that it w;~sa chamber of~construction, like that below it." Hc stillentertained a hope, however, of discovering a sepul.cl~i~;~lapartment somewhere above the King's Chamber, ancl Itismen continued to work upwards, breaking into each Cha1111)c:rof Constrnction in succession, until, after three and a linll'month's labour, when they had forced a vertical shaft up toa total height of forty feet above the small passage, the :lift11cavity was entered. This, owing to its inclined pointed roof,Col. Howard Vyse believed to be the highest and iinal chai:~~btl~,.According to his measurements, the apes of the gabled roofof this chamber is seventy feet above the floor of the I(i11g'sChamber.On the surrounding masonry of all these Chan~bers ofConstruction, excepting the lowest, Col. Howard Vyse discovt.:~~c:tlmany red-painted marks and hieroglyphs. He had carcfrllcopies of these taken and sent to the British Museum, wllcrcrthey were examined and pronounced to be merely quarry-.marlis and instructions for the masons, painted on at 1:llcquarries. These are the marlis referred to by Professor FlinilcrsPetrie.From the foregoing, it will be gathered that the " Chanibcrsof Construction " are not chawzbers in the usually acceptctlsense of that word, but merely hollows or vacancies consecluc~ltupon the peculiar construction of the masonry above the King'sChamber, and hence the name " Chambers of Construction."The series of five layers of great granite beams which are builtolie above the other at short distances apart, and the additionalpairs of great inclined limestone blocks which form the ga1)lctlroof of the topn~ost hollow (with also, probably, other inclinc:tlblocks resting upon these again), were evidently intended hy83

In none of the passages and chambers of the Great Pyramidhave we found any of tht: sculpture-worlr and carved hieroglyphicswhich arc so common in many of the smaller pyramids,and in all of the temples, obelisks, sphinxes, etc., erectedthroughout Egypt. There are, indeed, the red marks in theChambers of Construction ; but these have been pronouncedon good authority to be quarry-marlrs, and are found on thcwalls of spaces which are strictly speaking not chambers, andwere originally built up with solid masonry. In all the otherchambers and passages, on the contrary, intended to be visited,the masonry was finished off plain, and polished (though nowmuch serrated and injured by the effects of time and vandalism) ;and in them neither quarry-marks nor liieroglyphics of anykind have ever been discovered, though many investigatorshave sought long and diligently for them. It is riot by hieroglyphicsnor by sculpture-work, but by symbol, measure, andangle, that the Great Pyramid of Gizeh in the land of Egyptyields its secret, and testifies to the Divinr plan of the Ages.SECTION VtIF the north wall of the Grand Gallery be assumed to indicatcthe date of the birth of Jesus Christ, and a space of 334inches, measured from this point up the inclined floor, bctaken to symbolize the years of his earthly life, the terminalpoint of this nleasurement will be found to occupy a position" over against the mouth of the Well,"-not opposite the centrcof that opening, but sufficiently near to it to have suggestedthe thought to the mind of a young Scotsman, Kobert Menziesby name, that the Well synlbolizes Hades, the death-state, intowhich, in the words of the prophet, our Lord Jesus " poureclout his soul "-Tsa. 53 : 12. And because the surroundings ofthis Well present the appearance of its mouth having been, intime past, covered by stone-work, and later violently uncovered(as if burst open from beneath by an explosion), the additionalthought of Christ's resurrection was suggested.As a sequence to these thoughts, it was naturally suggesteclthat the First Ascending Passage which leads up to the pointthus assumed to indicate the date of Christ's birth, would,,therefore, symbolize that Law Dispensation which precededIand led up to the Advent of the Messiah ; and, also, that theDescending Passage from which the First Ascending Passagebranches, would symbolize the world on its downward courseI to the " Pit " of destruction. On the other hand, the lofty1Grand Gallery, continuing in the same upward direction as that:of the First Ascending Passage, would appropriately symbolizethat Dispensation of Grace, during which the " Glad Tidings "of the Advent of a Saviour for the world, was to be witnessedto all nations.These thoughts, which were suggested byi~obe.rt M(btlzic!s87

This is only what we should expect, for it is the due recognitionof the death and resurrection of Christ, symbolized by theWell, which forms the key to the proper understanding of theteaching of the Bible. With these leading thoughts in mind,the symbolism~of the variolls passages and chambers will first bestated briefly that a comprehensive view may be taken of them,anrl then they will be considered in fuller detail.In 2 Tim. I : 10 it is stated that Jesus, by his death andresurrection, abolished death and brought life and immortalityto light through the Gospel. Life on the plane of humanperfection, as it will be at the end of Christ's Millennia1 reignon earth, is indicated by the Queen's Chamber. ~mmortalit~is indicated on a higher level by the King's Chamber, into whichentrance is gained only by means of the Grand Gallery andAnte-Chamber. The Grand Gallery represents the pathway ofjustification by faith which leads to the high or heavenly callingto joint-heirship with Christ ; and the Ante-Chamber representsthe " School of Christ," the school of consecration unto death,in which those who accept the calling and are accepted by thcLord, are made meet for the heavenly inheritance symbolizedby the King's Chamber.The Descending Passage symbolizes the downward courscof " this present evil world " (Gal. I : 4) to destruction,represented by the Pit, or Subterranean Chamber. It isimportant to notice that it is not the people, but " this presentevil world "-the present evil institutions-which will bcdestroyed in Gehenna. These evil institutions will, thank God,never be re-awakened. The Pit thus symbolizes Gehewna, thccondition of death from which there will be no awakening,just as the Well symbolizes Hades, the condition of death froinwhich there will be an awakening.From the Descending Passage, representing the plane ofAclamic condemnation, to the upper planes ol life andimmortality represented by the Queen's Chamber and theKing's Chamber respectively, two ways are shown in the GreatPyramid, namely, the First Asceildiilg Passage, and the Well.Of these two ways, the First Ascending Passage, representingthe Law Covenant, appears to be much easier to ascend thantl~e olhcr. T11a.t is how the Israelites rcgarded the T,ILW90Covenant. When Moses laid before them the words whichthe Lord commanded him, " All the people answered togetherand said, ' All that the Lord hath spoken we will do ' "-Exod.19 : 8. They thought they could keep the Law and thus gainlife, for God had said: " Ye shall therefore keep my statutesand my judgments : which if a man do, he slzall live in them :I am the Lord "-Lev. 18 : 5. They did not recognize that itis impossible for fallen flesh to obey the Divine Law. Whatis it that blocks this way to lifc ? It is the perfect Law of God.Just as the Granite Plug completely blocks the entrance oftlie First Ascellding Passage of the Great Pyramid, so theDivine Law blocks the way of life which the Law Covenantoffered to the Israelite. Thus the Grarrite Plug symbolizes theDivine Law. As the Apostle put it, "The commandment,which was ordained to life, 1 found to be unto death "-Rom.7 : 10. Through the Atonement Sacrifices, however, which theLord instituted, the Israelites were typically justified (notreally justified, because " it is not posslble that the blood oSbulls and of goats should take away sins "-Heb. 10 : 4), andwere accordingly reckoned by God as typically obeylng theLaw and progressing along the Law Dispensation. The FirstAscending Passage, therefore, synlbolizes both the LawCovenant and the Law Dispensation.As the First Ascending Passage is blocked, and the passageforced by A1 Marnoun is no part of the original design of theGreat Pyramid, it follows that there is only one way open fron~the Descending Passage, symbolical of Adamic condemnatioii,to the upper passages which symbolize life and immortality,namely, by the Well-shaft. But this way is vertical for a greatpart of its course. It is not a passage at all in the proper senseof the term. As already intimated, it synlbolizes Christ'sRansom sacrifice. Thus the teaching of the Great Pyramidcorroborates that ol the Word of God, which intimatcs thatthe way to life and immortality was first opened up throughthe death and resurrection of Christ, and that salvation is byfaith. " By grace are ye saved, through faith ; and that notof yourselves ; it is the gift of God : not of works, lest anyman should boast "-Eph. 2 : 8, 9. None can ascend from theplane of condcmnation and death, to the plane of justificatio~l,91

except by faith. Justification by faith is not the result of works.Only two men have been capable of lceeping the perfectLaw of God, because none but these two began life in this worldon the plane of' human perfection. The first one, Adam,wilf~~lly broke God's Law (I Tim. 2 : 14) aucl sold the wllolchuman race ulicler sin ancl death. The other, on the contrary,the man Christ Jesus, kept the Law, and clid not require toclie ; but delighting in the will of God, he voluntarily gave uphis life as a sacrifice, the just for the unjust (I Pet. 3 : IS) ;ancl then, as it was not possible that he, the innocent one, shouldbe holden of death (Acts 2 : 24), God burst the bonds and raisedhis belovccl Son from hadcs, the death-state. Through therisen Christ as the Last Adam, the First Adam with all of hisfamily will eventually also be raised froin the death-state-Jesus, then, was not born on the plane of condemnationand deatli represented by the Descending Passage, but on theplane of human perfection. He was " holy, harmless, undefiled,and separate froin sinners "-Hcb. 7 : 26. But he was bornunder the Law--Gal. 4 : 4. This would require that the GreatPgrainid should indicate the date of his birth soinewhcre ilcthe First Ascending I'assage, and this is clearly shown in ani~lgcnious ancl yet simple fashion. The Queen's Chambersymbolizes human perfection. If the line of its floor beproduced northwards till it touches the floor of the FirstAscending I'assage, thc point of contact will nccessa.ri1-y be onthe plane, or level, of human perfection. This point will,therefore, fulfil the required conditions.That this point on the floor of the First Ascending Passageindicates the date of the birth of Jesus, is confirmed by thefollowing interesting fact. It has been shown that the FirstAscending Passage and the Grand Gallery, symbolize respectivelythe Law Dispensation and the Gospel Dispensation. Itfollows that the point on the floor which is in line with thcnorth wall of the Grand Gallery, and which marks, therefore,the end of the First Ascending Passage and the commencementof the Grand Gallery, indicates the clate of the death andresurrection of Christ which closed the Law Dispensation, andushered in the Gospel Dispensation--Col. 2 : 14. Now, if wemeasure along the floor of the First Ascending Passag? froin9"the puinl. alreacly clelc~rniiiiccl ;is ii~clicatir~g th(t clatc of tl~ebirth ol Jesus, to this line of denlarkation which indicates tlicdate of his death, the distance between the two is foiincl to 1)c3-34 inches, the cxact length which corresponds to the durationof Jesus' lifc on earth at tlic ratc of an inch to a year.*Tllc fact that two or inorc parts of the Great I'yranUcl iuaysy~nbolizc tllc sainc fcaturc of thc Plan of Sa1v:ition (as, forinstance the Wcll, and the line of delnarlation between thcFils1 Asccndiiig Passage and the Grand Gallery, both of wlliclisy~rlbolize the death and resurrection of Christ), and the factthat one portion of the Great Pyramid Inay symbolize two ornlore features of the Plan of Salvation, should occasion nosurprise ; for the same principle is observed in the Bible, wherethe followers of Christ are represented by various symbolssheep,stones, guests at a wedding, branches in a vine, a bride,etc. In no other way would it be possiblc to represent so manyfeatures by the few simple passagcs and chambers containedin the Great Pyramid.Dr. Seiss, arguing for the same reasonable interpretation ofthe symbolism of the Great Pyramid, writes : " Does not thesaint alphabet spell allol~r words, and by its various combinationsserve to record all our kpowledgc ? And when, by reading* 111 his Lzje aizd Work at the Grcat P-vrumid, Vol. TI: Proicssor C.Piazzi Smyth states that the floor of the I-Iorizontal Passage is from 20:to 21 inches above the Qucen's C.hambcr floor, and G inches above thcline of demarltation behvcen the First Ascending Passage and the GrandGallery. This line of denlarliation is, accordingly, from 14-2 to Ij (sa.y14.85) inches above the lcvel of the Qneen's Chamber floor, which is onthe same levcl as the point on thc floor of the First Ascending Passagethat marks the date of Jesus' birth.This veitical nleasuren~ent of 14.85 inches is the perpendicular of alight-angled triangle, and the hypotenuse is thc length of that portionof the floor of the First Ascending Passagc lying between the two pointsthat indicatc thc dates ol tlic Lilt11 and deatli of Jesus. The angle ofi~lclination of the floor (the hypotcnusc) is 20° 18' 10". Whcn wc multiplythc length of thc perpendicular, 1q.8j i~lclics, by the cosecant of the angle,the hypotenuse is iound to mcasure 33.5 inchcs.NOTR: 7.6' 18' 10" is tllc :UI~IC ot thc passages statcd to thc ncarcstscco~~cl. IiIw-e accurately, howevcl-, thc thcoreticnlly correct angle is26' IS' (j". 7 +, thc natural cosecant of which is 2.2567583 +.

certain features of the Great Pyramid in one way, we get onecircle of truths, and by reading them in other ways, bdsed onPyramid presentations, we get quite other circles of truths, ortrace in one part coincidences with readings in a different kind111 another part, where is the illogicalness of it or the confol~ndingof things any more than In the cases just named? "While bearing this in mind, it will at the same time benoticed that nowhere are the presentations strained or out ofliarmony with thc general symbolization of the various passagesand chambers, but that, on the contrary, they tend to establishrnorc firmly those symbolical applications ; and new beauties,which otherwise would be lost, are brought to ligl~t, co~~uboratingthe testlnlony of the Scriptures.%r III2%~ $5. )rG ltae foots $.fter kk%? WOFuS ti-@of'F Anscrt ~arZeritioii: and (3) tiinIIIrkidii~gt plme * tte ylsnn ofrSECTION VIITI-11.: SYMBOLISM 01: THE PASSAGES AND CIIAMBEKSGREAT PYR.?MID MORE E'IJI,I,Y CONSIDEREDOF THETlze King's nlzd Quee~z's Ch,ambeg.swITH a view to the proper understanding of this subject,let us first consider what are meant by " Mortality "and " Immortality." Mortality signifies a state orcondition of 1iabilii;v to death ; a condition in which death is apossibility, not in which death is a certainty. Iln~nortalitysignifies a state or condition tot liable to death ; not merelyfreedom from death, but a condition in which death is aniwqbossibility .Adam was mortal, that is, in a condition in which dcathwas a possibility. He had life in full and perfect measure, yetnot inherent life. His was a life sustained by " every tree ofthe garden " save the one tree forbidden ; and so long as hecontinued in obedience to and in harillony with his Maker, hislife was secure,--sustaining elements were not denied. Thusseen, Adam had life, and death was entirely avoidable ; yet hewas in such a condition that death was possible, he was mortal.Immortality is ascribed only to the Divine nature. Originallyit was possessed by Jehovah alone ; subsequently it wasgiven to our Lord Jesus in his highly cxaited conditioil ; finallyit will be imparted to the Church, the body of Christ, whcnglorified with hin-I Tim. 6 : 16 ; John 5 : 26 ; z Pet. I : 4 ;I Cor. 15 : 53, 54.In the Chart of the Ages three important planes arerepresented : (I) the lowest, the plane of human depravity,condemnation and death ; (2) above this, the plane of theDivine nature, immortality. Tllesc three conditions arcsymbolized in the Great Pyramid by the same method of super-95

Chamber indicates that plane of being which is superior todeath conditions ; but the fact that this plane is only just atthe summit of tl~c Well, would indicate that in this conditionthere is, ncverthelcss, always thc Possibility of dea.th, which,howcvcr, would cnsuc only in the event of disobedience.Again, an important proof that the level of the Queen'sChamber represents eternal life on the human plane, is thataccess to it is gained either by the First Ascending Passage, orby the Well, both of which symbolize means of access to earthlylife-rights.(I) The First Ascending Passage syinbolizes the LawCovenant, which did not offer spiritual life and blessings nora heavenly inheritance, but eternal life on the human planewith earthlv blessings (Gal. 3 : 12 ; Lev. 18 : 5 ; Deut. 11 : I-;28 : I-) ; but just as the First Ascending Passage is completelyblocked by the Granite Plug, so the Law Covenant as a wayto life was blocked by the Divine Law. As all were thus provedguilty before God, it was necessary that the Son of God shouldbe born as a perfect human being under the Law, and, afterproving his right to eternal life on the human plane, surrenderthis right for ever for the benefit of the human race, as we read :" The man Christ Jes~~s gave himself a ransom for all " ; " Myflesh I will give for the life of the world "-I Tim. 2 : 5, 6 ;John 6 : 51. It is in harmony with this that, as already shown,the date of the birth of the " man Christ Jesus," as a perfecthuman being born under the Law and able to keep it, isindicated in the Great Pyramid at the upper end of the FirstAscending Passage, and on the same level as the floor of theQueen's Chamber.(2) Thus we see that access to the plane of human perfectionis impossible for any of the fallen race by their own worksthrough the Law Covenant, and that the only way to life isthrough the ransom-sacrifice of Christ. This is symbolized inthe Great Pyramid by the only means of access from theDescending Passage to the level of the Queen's Chamber, namely,by the Well, which, from this point of view, symbolizes theransom-sacrifice of Christ, the only " way of escape " from thecondemnation of death-John 3 : 19. The final outcome of theransom will be the restitution to the whole human race of all9sthat was lost by Adam--I Tim. 2 : 4-6. But only the obedientwill receive eternal life, for " every soul which will not hear[obey] that prophet, shall be destroyed Sro~n allloilg the people "--Acts 3 : 19-23.Access to the King's Chamber is possible oilly by the GrandGallery and the Ante-Chanlber. This corroborates the teachingof the Scriptures that access to the heavenly inheritance on theDivine plane is limited to the Gospel Age, and is possible onlytllrough justification and sanctification. The Grand Gallerysymbolizes the faith-justification of this Age, the condition ofthose who, through faith in the ransom-sacrifice of Christ, havepassed from the plane of condemnation, and have had imputedto them the earthly life-rights surrendered by Jesus on theirbehalf. The Ante-Chamber symbolizes the sanctification of theGospel Age, the condition of those who, having been justifiedto human life-rights, have responded to the loving invitationof God, and have made a covenant with him by sacrifice-Psa.50 : 5. These are reckoned by God as no longer in the fleshbut in the Spirit, and are prepared through sufferings for theheavenly inheritance.There is very great difference between the Kingdompromised to the followers of Christ, and the kingdom preparedfrom the foundation of the world for the obedient of the restof mankind (I Cor. 15 : 50 ; Matt. 25 : 34) ; for just as " theheavens are higher than the earth " (Isa. 55 : g), so the King'sChamber, which symbolizes the heavenly inheritance and issituated at the 50th course of the Pyramid masonry, is highabove the level of the Queen's Chamber which is situated atthe 25th course, and symbolizes the earthly inheritance.There is another method by which the Great Pyramid,under Divine arrangement, symbolizes the essential differencebetween immortality and mortality. See Scri$ttt.rl: Studies, by(:. T. Russell, Vol. 111, pages 370-373 : '' AS the I

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WesLEast.The Apostle declares : " Now is Christ risen from the dead,and become the firstfruits of them that slept " (I Cor. 15 : 20).The empty tomb which the angel pointed out to our Lord'sdisciples, on the third day after his crucifixion and burial, wasthe first evidence that these few faithful ones had that theirbeloved Master was no longer dead. Afterwards they hadmany added proofs of his resurrection ; and they knew that,as he had risen from the dead, so, in the due time, all wouldai-ise from the sleep of death and be given an opportunity forlife everlasting (John 5 : 28, 29 ; I Tim. 2 : 3-6).It is true that the Great Pyramid was not built for a tomb,and there is no record, ancient or modern, that the " Coffer "in the King's Chamber ever contained a dead monarch ; yetthe Pyramid stands like a mausoleum erected in llonour of sorncdeparted mighty one, and the Coffer in the King's Chamberpresents the appearance of a sarcophagus. Following thescappearances, and in view of the many scientific truths connectedwith this stone chest, and the measures and symbols of thePyramid in general, Professor C. Piazzi Smyth came to theconclusion that this Coffer was also intended by its greatDesigner to symbolize a sarcophagus or coffin.While the Coffer has, along the top of its west side, a cut-outlcdge, with grooves cut in the other three inner sides tocorrespond with this ledge, all evidently made for the slidingon of a lid, still, ever since the first day that the upper partsof the building's interior system were discovered, by Caliph A1Mamoun in Rzo A.D., the Coffer has always bccn referred to asa lidless stone box. The chronicler of A1 Mamoun so describedit, for no lid was found then, and the Coffer was empty. Andsince the day that thc builders of the Pyramid sealed upthe ascending pa.ssage-ways and the chambers to which theylead, no one had ever been able to visit the King's Chamberand disturb the Coffer.This provision for a lid, but thc fact that a lid has neverbeen seen, and that the Coffer, besides being lidless was alsofound empty, has given rise to the belief, which Professor Smyth103

espws"c-d, tl~i-it11c Collci-, bcsitles I~eiiig a SLallr1;lrtl CallacityMcasilrc for all rlalions, is also a " blind sarcophag~~s." It isa syinbolical coffin, and, being open, and cmpty, suggests thctliougiit of the ~,csur~ccZio~z froill the dcad. This, the Coffer'sspiritual message, is uttered by tlie Propllct Hosca : " I willransom thcm from the powci- of the grave ; I will rcdccm thcmI'rom dcatli : 0 death, 1 will bc tlly plagncs : 0 gravc, I willljc tllv destruction " (Hosea 11; : 14j.Thoug1i thc I)csccnding Passagc of the Great 1'1-ramitl isncarly tllrcc hundred ancl forty fcet in lcngtl~, it mcasures butthree and a lialf fcet from side to sidc, and rather less than fourfcct transvcrscly from floor to roof. Its Entrance is situatcdin tlic north sidc of the Pyramid at a spot ovcr 53 fcct verticallyabove tlie ground. From this point tl~c passage dcscenclssouthwards at a steep anglc.Oi~ly onc-fourtli uf tllc total lcngtli of thc Dcsccnclil~gI'assagc 1-1111s tllrougl~ tllc Pyrainid propcr. Tl~c: rc:mainii~g11~1-ec-fourlhr;, 1)rogrcssing sontliwards at tllc sainc stcc11 aiiglc,is forced through the solicl rock npon which tllc X'yrainicl stands,and cnds in thc Small Horizontal Passage which continues inthe sainc southci-ly direction, and leads first to a small liecess,and then to a large Subterranean chamber carved out in theheart of the roclc about one hundred feet vertically below thccentre of the base-line of the Pyramid. While thc roof andfour walls of this Subterranean Chambcr have been made fairlycven, the floor, on the contrary, has beell left in an extremely1)roken and ullfinished condition, by reason of which the nameof " Bottomless Pit " has been applied by somc to this chamber.It is a fitting termination to the long low passage which leadsdowiiwards to it.Because of its downward slope and very small bore, thewhole Descending Passage suggests the thought of the world ofmankind bowed under the curse, hastening towards destruction.Since tllc tansverse lleigllt is scarcely four feet, the man whotravels clown this passagc I-equires to stoop very low.steep downward inclination of tlie roof con~pels him to bo\v104his head and s1louldc1.s c\reii'lou.er tl~all if t11c passage werel~orizontal. So cramped is the posture, that before llc llas gonefar liis baclc and head begin to ache, and lie longs for an opportunityto stand upright ; but there is no relief, ancl as hecoiltinues his downward course he finds it more and morelaborious and painful. At first, the light streaming in fi-om thelSlltrance aids him in choosing his footing, but the furthcr 11cljroceds thc gloomier becoines the way, until at length 11crequires to gropc along in almost complete darkness.When lle has reached the lower cxtremity of the passagc,shoulcl he look back, he will see tlie light at tlle Entrance nowrc~luccd to a inere point owing to the distance, and scrvingliiln only as a reminder of the frccdom and light once cnjoycd.Rut after lie passes thc bend of the passagc at tlie horizontalportion, even this small link with the past is lost. As the roofl~crc is evcn lower than that of the Descending Passage, at thispart of the journey he will bc forccd to his knees, and if licsliould continue unprovided with a lainp, he will rcrluirc tocrecp oil in conipletc darkness, till lic stumbles into the " Pit."A l"e\v l"ccl befoi-c t11c eiid of the way, the passagc: is a littleI-oomicr, and this may cause hiin to iinagine that lie will ubtaiulnorc frecdom if he perseveres : but the hope is a dclusive one,for the passage becoines as narroiv as it was before, and renlaiilsso till the Pit is reached.Is not this a graphic illustration of the coildition of the,world, bowed under the yoke of thc Adamic condemnation todeath, groping and stumbling in the darkness, and finding noperinanent peace and happiness in spite of all its plans andspeculations. This downward course had its first beginning atthe fall \irlien God, in passing the sentence of death upon Adam,the head of the race of mankind, said to him : " Cursed is theground for thy sake ; in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the daysof thy life ; thorns also and thistles shall it bring iultli to thee ;and thou shalt eat the herb of the field. In tlie sweat of thyface shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground;for out of it wast thou take11 ; for dust thou art, and unto dustshalt thou return "-Rom. 8 : 22 ; Gcn. 3 : 17-19.Though, as we have seen, God has been sileiltly choosinga special people to himself and has been carrying out his10.5

"beneficent purposes in them, " the whole world [still] lieth inthe wicked one "-I John 5 : 19, R.V. The only hindrancesplaced by God in the way of the downward course of mankindhave been (I) the indirect restraining influence of the truthmanifested in the lives and sayings of his people (Matt. 5 : 13, 14),and (z) the direct prevention of anything which would interferein any way with the outworking of the Divine plan of salvation.Had men been given complete liberty their evil desires and lackof judgment would long ago have precipitated matters, butGod restrained them, as we read in Psa. 76 : 10--" Surely thewrath of man shall praise thee: the remainder of wrath shaltthou restrain."Men have tried in every conceivable way to obtain a formof government and mode of life which would ensure lastinghealth and happiness, peace and contentment, but to no purpose.The reason of the failure is to be found in man's moral, mentaland physical imperfection, due in part to his own fault, butchiefly to heredity and environment. God knew beforehandthat men could not rule themselves, but he knew also that itwas best for them to learn by bitter experience that there isno other way of salvation from sin and its train of evil consequences-pain,disease, misery and death,-than that which hehimself has provided in his Son Christ Jesus. In harmony withthis, the Apostle Peter said to the rulers and elders of Israel :" This is the stone which was set at nought of you builders,which is become the head of the corner. Neither is theresalvation in any other ; for there is none other name underheaven given among men, whereby we must be saved "-Acts4 : 11, 12.In the beginning Adam had God's law written on his mindand heart, that is to say, he was perfect and at peace with God,and thus he enjoyed sweet communion with the Lord from dayto day. But after thc fall how changcd wcre all tbc: conditions !His descendants lost the desire to obey the law of God, and withthis they lost also to an increasing extent the ability to discerngood and evil. God permitted this condition to continue, withthe result that the race became more and more degraded, andits consequent alienation from God grew daily wider. " Whenthey knew God, they glorified him not as God, neither were106thankful ; but becanlc vain in their imaginations, and theirfoolish heart was darkened. Professing themselves to be wise,they became fools, and changed the glory of the uncorruptibleGod into an image made like to corruptible man, and to birds,and fourfooted beasts, and creeping things. Wherefore God alsogave them up to uncleanness through the lusts of their hearts. . . and even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge,God gave them over to a reprobate mind [margin-amind void of judgment], to do these things which are notconvenient "-Rom. I : 18-32.For the first sixteen and a half centuries of the lo~g periodof 6040 years (the interval between Adam's fall in ig428 B.(:.,and the end of the '( Times of the Gentiles " in I&, the angelswere permitted the attempt to save men, in order to demonstratetheir inability to do so, and at the same time to test their loyaltyto God. Far from saving men, some of these angels becamecontaminated with the general evil, and so degraded did thehuman race become that God brought that First Uispensatiorlto an end by means of the Deluge, and " the angels which keptnot their first estate, but left their own habitation, he liathreserved in everlasting chains under darkness unto the judgmentof the great day " (Jude 6), that is to say, he has ever sinceprevented them from communion with the holy angels andfroin matei-ialising and mingling with men.With the termination of the First Dispensation a secondbeginning was made ; but again the course has been downwardtoward destruction. It is this Secoild Dispensation, called bythe Apostle Paul " this present evil world " (Gal. I : 4,-Secthe Chart of the Ages diagram), which is specially symbolizedby the Descending Passage. During the first eight and a halfcenturies of this Second Dispensation God still refrained fromgiving a written Law, but the result was the same, nainely,increased misery due to deep dcgradation, and the gradualobliteratioil of God's image from heart and mind.Then for a period of 1685 years God, having specially chosenand preparcd a people for himself, separated them from thenations aronnd so as to protect them from their corruptinfluences, and gave them his Law, engraved on tables of stone ;but though he watched over them with the jealous care of a107

wise a.nd loviilg .i;:itllcr for I~is clliltlrcil, l)uilishing tlit:iil lorwi-ong-doing and blessing them for well-doing, ant1 thoiigll liesent them prophet after prophet to wa.rn and exhort them, itwas all of no avail. Why was this ? Was God disappointed ?Dicl hc expect thc nation of Israel to ltcep his Law ? By nomeans. God knew that " by the deeds of the law shall no 11t:sllbc justified." Hc was mcrcly l>cmnlitting incn to ](:an1 fortllenisclvcs tllc lessoil that " both Jews and Gentiles . . . arcall under sill ; as it is writtcn, Tllerc is none riglitcous, no, notoiic ; . . . that every mouth inay bc stopped, and all the worldniay become guilty bcforc God ; . . . for ;dl have sinncd, anclcoinc short of the glory of God." Tlic Lord's purpose was illathis rigliteousncss, which is by the faith of Jesus Cllrist, iniglltbc manifcstcd, being witncsscd by the Law and the Proplicts---I

Jerusalem, the nation was promised seventy weelis (7 times70 =4go ycars) of continued favour--Dan. g : 24-27.But, thougll they never again relapsed into gross forms ofidolatry, their inoral condition, whcn thc Messiah camc at thebeginning of thc seventieth wcck, showed that there had beena marked decline. They loved darkness rather than light, andcrucified the Holy One. Thirty-seven years later, in the yearyo A.D., God visited his vengeance on his people ; and oncemore destroyed their city and left their land desolate. Sincethen there has been no nation of Israel, nor will there be tillthe Gentile Times are fulfilled and " he comes whose right itis " to take the Kingdom--Ezek. 21 : 25-27.At the end of the seventy weeks, in the year 36 A.D., Godfirst visited thc Gentiles to take out of them a people for hisname (Acts 15 : 14), and during thc course of this Gospel Age,all, chiefly Gentiles, who have been justified by faith in Jesus.as the Lamb of God that taketh away the sin of the world,and who have denied themselves, and taken up their cross tofollow in the Master's footsteps of sacrifice unto death, havehad Christ written on their mind and heart by the Holy Spirit-2 Cor. 3 : 3. But not all who have professed the name ofChrist have been truly his disciples.As the Church grew in numbers and influence, the idea tookshape that if only she were properly organized under a head,she would be able to do that which others had failed to do,-to rule and bless the world. God in his wisdom and in pursuanceof his great plan of the Ages, permitted the attempt to be made.The great apostate system called in the Scriptures " Babylonthc Great " came into existence, and its head, the Pope, became" King of kings, and Lord of lords." What was the result ?Far from being saved, the world was plunged into such depthof. ignorance, superstition and moral degradation, that theepoch when the " Church " was at the height of her power hasbeen universally denominated " The Dark Ages."Then God sent reformers to the Church, just as he hadformerly sent prophets to the people of Israel. The GreatReformation followed, and the Lord granted to Spiritual Israeljust as he had granted in similar circumstances and at a paralleldate to Natural Israel, a. period of seventy weeks (490 years) of1.1 0continued favour. In consequence of this and of the generalspread of education due to the invcntion of the art of printing,the downward course has been for the first time stayed, just asin the Great Pyramid the traveller on reaching thc foot of thcDescending Passage, passes into the Small Horizontal Passage.But the knowledge which has been acquired is not the truelight. In reality, just as the small Horizontal Passage is darkerthan the Descending Passage, so, since the end of the Reformationperiod, the world has been in grosser darkness than beforerespecting God and his glorious purposes in Christ Jesus. Thisis clearly shown by the use to which the increased knowledgeand the numerous inventions have beell put. They have beenused simply for selfish purposes, and instead of the goodgovernment with universal peace and happiness, which was atfirst anticipatcd, they have resulted in such friction and heatbetween " the classes and the masses " that but a spark isneeded to enkindle a general conflagration which will destroy" this present evil world."The Scriptures and prophetic parallels show that thisdestruction was due to take place during I915 A.D., the yearafter the end of the lease of power to the Gentiles. But, thankGod, it will not mcan the end of the $iiysical world, for the" earth abideth for ever " ; it will be merely the terminationof the Second Dispensation, the destruction of all the presentevil institutions, in order to the setting up of the ThirdDispensation, the first thousand years of which have been setapart as Christ's Kingdom. The conflagration also is not aliteral fire, but is what the prophet Zephaniah calls " the fireof God's jealousy," his consuming wrath against evil. " Thereforewait ye upon me, saith the Lord, until the day that I riseup to the prey ; for my determination is to gather the nations,that I may assemble the kingdoms, to pour upon them mineindignation, even all my fierce anger ; for all the earth shall hedevoz~red zuith the $re of my jealousy. For then will I turn tothe people a pure language [message], that they may all callupon the name of the Lord, to serve him with one consent."--Zeph. g : 8, g.

Tlze First /I scendiqrg PnssngeThe First Asccncling Passagc rcprcsents the Law Covenant,or, froin another point of view, the Law Dispcnsation. Onexamining thc floor of the Descending Passage, which representsthe downward course of " this present evil world," it will bcfound that the portion which faces the entrance to the FirstL4scedding Passage is composed of extremely hard limestone,whereas above and below this it is softer, and consequentlymuch worn by the traffic of centuries. The hardness of thefloor at this part was intended for the purpose of exactmeasurements, but it was also intended to signify the fact thatat the time when the lsraelites were called out of Egypt to hethe people of God, their standing with the Lord mas firm :milsure.Owing to the cxtra headroom consequent up011 the FirstAscending I'assage branching upwards from thc DescendingPassage in the sarlle vcrtical plane, it is not necessary to stoopat this point ; the traveller is here able to stand upright, and socase his aching back. He will thus be able to appreciate thejoy which thc Israelites must have experienced when freed frointheir bondage in Egypt, and he will be enabled to syinpathizcwith thcm, when, on being given the Law, they cried joyfully :" All that the Lord hat11 spoken we will do "-Exod. Ig : 1-8.But should he now endeavour to climb the First AsccndingPassage, he will find that the Granitc Plug completely blocksthe way. In this ingenious manner, as before explained, tlieGreat Pyramid teaches that the way to lifC by the Law Covenantwas impassable, and that what blocked it mas the Divine Law,because " by the dceds of the law shall no flesh be justified,"for " in man, that is in his flcsh, dkvclleth no good thing "--Rorn. 3: 20; 7: 18.Nevertheless, although thc Israelites could not keep thcperfect Law of God, the Bible informs us that God permittedl-hcrn . to continue their endeavours to do so. The Great Pyrarnid-.---teacllcs the same lesson, for in spite of thc fact that at its1)c:ginning the First Ascctidir~g Pass;igc is 1)lockt.d completely b~rllre Granite Plng, beyotitl tliis it is opell. By its sgrmbolicalLc,:~lnl.es, :I~SO, iiirlnding its lengt 11, it relirc-sc,llt.; tl~c c-on(1iti011of Israel under the Law. Tllro~~gh the atonement sacrifices tllcLord vcar by gfc:ar forgave tllc Israclitts their sins, ancl as ;ination thcy wcrc typic:llly jnstiliccl, that is, tllty wcrc typicallyreckoned as having passed fro111 the plane of condemnationrepresented in the Great Pyramid 1)y tllc Dcsccnding Passage,to Ihe planc of justification represented by thc level of the(Jueen's Chambcr.That this justification was only typical is clcar froln thestateirient of tlle Apostle that tlle Law rriade nothing perfect,but was a slzadow of good things to come, for " it is notpossible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take awaysins "-Heb. 10 : I, 4. Those individuals, however, who, liketheir father Abraham, rejoiced to see Christ's day with the eyeof faith, and rcmaincd until death true to the Lord in the midstof severe trials, had their faith accounted unto thein forrighteousness. They had friendship with God, and will bcawakened to pcrfect human life through tlic instrumentalityof the glorified Church-1-Ieb. 11 : 39, 40.The mode of access by which it is now possible to reach thepart beyond the Granitc Plug (which is still in position) is thchole forced through the soft limcstonr to the right (west) of thePlug by Caliph -41 Mamoun. Thc Lord thus delayed thediscovery of the upper passages and chambers in order thatthcy might be kept intact until the due time for their thoroughexamination. Once the traveller enters the First AscendingPassage he finds himself on a higher lcvel than the DescendingPassage, though still below the level of the Queen's Chambcr,which rcpresents the plane of human perfection. By thismeans the Pyrarnid teaches the same lesson as the Chart of tllcAges ; for if reference be made to the latter, it will be seen thatthe imperfect pyramid, which represents the nation of lsracl,is lifted measurably abovc thc planc of human dcpravity (thcworld under Adainic condemnation), h11t below the plane ofhuman pcrfection.As it is in the Descending I'assagc, so in the First AsccndingPassagc the roof is less than four feet transversely above thefloor. Accordingly, the traveller is still obliged to bow his headand shonldcrs, though fiot so low as when going down thcDescending Passage, l~ccni~sc now, in walking iipw;lril, hc 11;1.;T 1 T 1-;

the advantage of the greater vertical height (4 feet 5 inches).The Pyramid thus teaches that the Israelites were less degradedthail tlic Gentiles.Thc way is dark, steep and slippery, niid hc readily stumblesand falls, inore especially as there is nothing to hold on to whenhe slips. So slippery is this passage, that we found that ourmeasuring rods and other articles, when laid on the floor, gliderapidly to the bottom. Does not this wondcrfully representthe condition of the Israelites d~~ring the Law Dispensation ?Those who were sincere in heart delighted in the Law of Godafter the inward man, but thcy saw another law in theirmembers warring against the law of their mind, and bringingthem into captivity to the law of sin-Rom. 7 : 22, 23.Bound under the yoke of the Law, they were weary andheavy laden with the ordinances which were against them, and,as the true light which lighteth every man that cometh in tothe world had not yet appeared, their lamp, the Word of God,shone as yet but dimly. As a result, they stumbled, and sincethey were under Law and not under Grace, they had nothingto sustain them when their feet slipped. No wonder the nobleApostle Paul, wheri he reflected on his former abject conditionunder the Law, cried despondently : " 0 wretched man thatI am ! Who shall deliver ine from this death-doomed body ? "But at the time when he uttered these words hc had alreadyfound the answer, and so he exclaimed triumphantly: " Ithank God, through Jesus Christ our Lord."Thc tcrminal 334 inches of this passage represents the yearsof the earthly life of the " Man Christ Jesus," who nailed theLaw to his cross, and thus by his death brought the Lawllispensation to a close. The faithful Israelites, who werelookiilg and longing for the coming of thc Messiah, beingburdened by the Law, must have been comforted when theyheard the gracious words of the Master : " Come uilto me, allye that labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest.Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me ; for I am meek andlowly in heart ; and ye shall find rest unto your souls. Formy yoke is easy, and my burden is light "-Matt. 11 : 28-30.Those who accepted this loving invitation found to their joy!]]at from that Peptecostal day, fifty days after the resurrectionTI4of Christ, when the Holy Spirit fell upon them, they were nolonger under the Law symbolized by the First AscendingPassage, but were members of the high or heavenly calling,symbolized by the Grand Gallcry. The Law Dispensation hadcome to an end, and the Gospel Dispensation had commenced.The Apostle declares : " That no man is justified by the lawin the sight of God it is evident : for ' The just shall live byfaith.' And the law is not of faith : but ' The man that doeththem shall live in them.' Christ hat11 redeemed us from thecurse of the law, being made a curse for us : for it is written,' Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree ' " ; and again," Blotting out the handwriting of ordinances that was againstus, which was contrary to us, he took it out of the way, nailingit to his cross "--Gal. 3 : 11-13 ; Col. 2 : 14.These " Israelites indeed " were now able to stand fast(upright) in the liberty wherewith Christ had made them free.This, the teaching of the Scriptures, is also the teaching of theGreat Pyraniid, for the vertical height of the Graiid Gallery i5seven times the transverse height of the First AscendingPassage, twenty-eight feet as against four feet. There ii noneed to stoop.Before passing up the Grand Gallery the traveller mn5trecognize the Well at his feet. As has already been explained,the Well rcprcsents " Hades," the " death-state," and theappearance of an explosion at its mouth represents theresurrection of Christ who thus opened up the new and livingway to life and immortality. In this manner the Great Pyramidsymbolizes that, before the Israelites could be accepted aspartakers of the heavenly calling, it was necessary for the111to recognize the love and righteousness of Gotl in giving Ilkonly begotten Son as a sacrifice on their behalf, and to recognizealso the loviilg obedience of the Son in drinking the cup whicllthe Father had given him. It symbolizes further that it wasnecessary for them to beheve that God had by his mighty powerraised Jesus from the dead and set him at his own rightihandon high.Comparatively few, however, took advantage of the grandopportunity presented to them. As a Nation they rejected theofter and were, in consequence, cast off ; and as a Nation, they115

Chamber, symbolizes the course of the world toward HumanPerfection. It shows that there is a lzope beyond the great" Time of Trouble," not for the institutions but for the people ;for " the creature [the world in general] was made subject tovanity [frailty], not willingly, but by reason of him who hathsubjected the same in ho$e "-Rom. 8 : 20.It is because of the Ransom-Sacrifice of Christ, that theworld's salvation will be attained ; and as the Lamb was slainfrom the foundation of the world, that is, as God's purpose inChrist was planned from the beginning, it is appropriate thatthe Well, which symbolizes the death and resurrection of Christ,should be at the commencement of the Horizontal Passage, justas it is appropriate that the Queen's Chamber should be at itstermination. God, seeing the end from the beginning, foretoldthat through Christ the whole creation, now groaning andtravailing in pain, woulcl be delivered from the bondage ofcorruption into the glorious liberty of the children of God-Rev. 13 : 8 ; Rom. 8 : 21, 22.The " Great Time of Trouble " at the close of thc sixthousand years froill Adam's fall, is represcnted in thcHori~ontal Passage by the sudden drop in the floor at the pointsix-sevenths of the total length of the passage. A traveller,groping and stumbling along the dark Horizontal Passage withhead and shoulders bent and aching, if he were ignorant of thisdrop ahead of him, would meet with a very disagreeableexperience when he came to it. He would be bruised, andhumbled. But after a little, when he rose to his Fret, he wouldfind to his joy that there is now no longer nny necessity to stoop.The end-portion of the passage is approximately five feet eightinches in height, that is to say, it is the average height of man.This pictures well the present condition of the world.Bowed down by the yoke of sin and death, the nations aregroping in the dark, quite unaware of the fact that a time ofhumiliation awaits them a few years hence. They will be takenby surprise, anci will fall, and all their earthly hopes andaspirations will be wrecked." Then the Psalmist's prophecy* These words are in the First Edition of Vol. I Great PyvamidPassages, and were written in 1909. The time pointed forward to, whenthe nations would be taken by surprise because of the suddenness of the118will be fulhlled : " Come, bellold the MTOI-ks of the Lord, whatdesolations he hath inadc in the earth ; he breaketh the bow,and cutteth the spear in sunder ; he burncth the chariot in thcfire. Be still, and linow that I am God : I will be exaltedamong the heathen [nations], I will be exalted in the earth "-I'sa. 46 : 8-10.When the people are raised again, they will find to their joythat they will no longer be compelled to walk with boweci heads.The burden of Adamic condemnation will have fallen from theirshoulders, for " in those days it will no more be said, The fathershave eaten a sour grape [of sin] and the children's teeth are set0x1 edge, but every one [who dies] shall die for his own iniquity ;every one that eateth the sour grape his teeth shall be set onedge "-Jer. 31 : 29, 30. From this point onward, all thehumble, obedient ones will progress with comfort toward theQueen's Chamber, the post-millennia1 condition of eternal bliss.Nevertheless, should any one during the Millennium think toohighly of himself, he will strike his head against the hard roof ;for Christ's rule will be an iron one, and none will be allowedto think more highly of himself than he ought to think. Onthe other hand, if any one shol~ld think too lowly of himself,he will be encouraged to a more sober appreciation of his abilities,because that will be the time when " whosoever exalteth himselfshall be abaseci ; and he that humbleth himself shall be exalteci,"for " God resisteth the proutl, but giveth grace unto the humble "-Luke 14 : 11 ; Jas. 4 : 6.coming of the Trouble, was the year 1914-1915 (as n~entioned tluougl~o~~tthe First Edition). This prediction, based upon the clear prophetictestimony of the Scriptures, and abundantly corroborated by the GreatPyramid's symbolisms and measurements, was signally fulfilled at thedate foretold, namely, 1914 A.D., when the Great War was precipitatedupon the unsuspecting nations. Former strong autocratic kingdomsare now reduced beyond recovery, and others are weakened and willultimately lie prostrate as well ; for thc Scriptures which pointed to thedate (1914 A.D.) when the overthrow of " Christeudom" would begin,also ioretells that the destruction will be complete ; for " Thy Godreigneth," the Kingdom of Christ is begun-Isa. 52 : 7.119

In the Great Pyramid thcy are reprcsentcd as standing in tllcGrand Gallery, which, in this picture, syrnbolizcs the conltionsof faith-justification.Just as the First Ascending Passage leads up to the GrandGallery, so this symbolizes the fact that thc privilege of faithjustificationwas first offered to tliose who were uridei- the LawCovenant ; for, as the Apostle Paul says, the Law was their" schooll~laster to bring them unto Christ, that they might befwstiJied by faith "-Gal. 3 : 24. For this purpose, that theIsraelites might be justified by faith, Christ came " to his own " ;and to as many as received him as the Father's appointed wayto life, " to them gave he thc privilcgc to bccomc thc sons ofGod "-John r : Ir, 12. " Christ is the end of the law forrighteousness to cvery one [under the law] that believeth "-Rom. 10 : 4. Because of their faith they were no longercompelled to remain under the bondage of the Law-schoolmaster(Gal. 3 : 25, 26), even as those who pass from the low confinedFirst Ascending Passage into the greater liberty of the GranclGallery, are no longer obliged to walk bowed down, but callstraiglitcn their backs and raise their heads in full assuranceof faith in the great height of the roof.But those who received Christ by faith werc few in number ;thc vast inajority because of unbelief never realized that Christhad talien the Law out of the way, nailing it to his cross (Col.z : 14) ; aiid of them it was written : " Let tl~eir eyes bedarkened, that Cbey inay not see, and bow down their backalway "-Rom. 11 : 10. As they rejected the glorious libertyof Grace so well symbolized by the Grand Gallery, they wercallowed to remain in their bowed coliclition under the Lawsymbolized by the First Ascending Passage. But, praise tlicLord, " God hath concluded them all in unbelief, that he mighthave inercy upon all "; for the death and resurrection of theChrist, head and body, symbolized by the breaking-away ofthc Well-mouth arid lower part of the Grand Gallery floor,opened the way by which, when God shall " take away theirsins," they may ultimately progress to the Queen's-Chambercondition of human perfection-Rom. 11 : 27-32.As merely a " remnant " of the nation received Jesus asthe Messiah, and the rest " judged themselves unworthy of123

cvcrlasliirg lifc," God turiictl to llrc othcr natioirs, llic Gci~tilcs,lo " l;ll

The great Step a1 the end of the Grand Gallery ; shotuinz theLow Passage to /he Ante and Kirig's Chambersni,n7o,r by X. Iirr,f78nrrIto slip, but the grace of God, symbolized by the Ramps, enablesthein to rna.ltc upward progress in rigllteollslless in spite of thcInany difficulties, ant1 thc more progress the; make, tlic nearcrthey cornc to God, just as tlie Grand Gallcry lcads oilc upwardand nearer to tlie King's Chamber, symbolical of tlie Holy ofHolies, lieaven itself.Of those visitors to the Great Pyramid who reach the GrandGallery, the few who make the laborious ascent as far as thegreat Step at the top, and so conic to a position wliere theycan see the low cntrance to the Ante-Chamber, find that theirlabour is not at an end. If they desire to nulie further progressthey will require to surrnount the Step, and then, after a shortpause on its level upper surfacc, bow clown and creep throughthe low passage, only thrce and a half feet high, into the Ante-Chamber. The surmounting of tlie Step is difficult owing toits height of 36 inches, and to the fact that the feet are restingon the inclined and slippery floor of the Gallery ; but by placinga foot on one of the Ramps, the difficulty can be overcoine.In this we have a picture of the condition of those whohave advanced through faith to the end of this portion of theirjourney. Preseverance in following the path of faithjustificationby the help of the grace of God 1la.s led them to thepoint where they can see the further step of sanctification, justas perseverance in climbing the Grand Gallcry by the help ofthe Ramp 1ea.ds the travellcr to the point where he can see tlielow entrance into the Ante-Chamber.Thc Stcp symbolizes the natural dislike of the 1~~1,man mindto entertain earnestly and sincerely the thought of self-denialand self-sacrifice, for " no man ever yet hated his own flesli "----1Xp11. 5 : 29. With the help of the grace of God, howevei-, sclrnc:are enabled by an effort to surmount this difficulty. When theycio so, they find that more than half the battle of decision liasbeen won. They are now, for a shorter or longer period, on tllchalting-place symbolized by the level upper surface of the Step,and can examine more closely tlie narrow way which lies openbefore them into the condition of sanctification, and thence tojoint-heirship with Christ.If they will look back and consider thc wonderful love ofGod in sending his Son into the world to ciic for thcin while127

they were yet sinners, they will reason that if, when they wereenemies, they were reconciled to God by the dca.th of his Son,much more, being reconciled, tlicy will be saved by his lifc ;and not only so, but they will also rejoice in God through theI,ord Jesus Christ-Rom. 5 : 8-11. Further, if they considerlww inuch thcy have already been enabled to accoinplish alongtlic patliway of faith-justification, not in their own strength,but in the strength of the Lord, they will not hesitate long incoming to a decision.Doubts evidence lack of faith, and tend to obscure thejudgment. The sooner we get rid of them, the more pleasingwe shall be to the Lord, for " without faith it is impossible toplease him," and " he that wavereth is like a wave of the sea,driven with the wind and tossed ; for let not that man thinkthat he will receive anything of the Lord "Heb. 11 : 6 ; Jas.I : 6, 7. Sooner or later, if they do not decide for the Lord,they will lose this grace of God which they have received (2 Cor.6 : I), and find themselves again in the Descending-Passagecondition of the world sharing in its condemnation ; for justas the sole purpose of the Grand Gallery is to lead to the Ante-Chamber and King's Chamber, so the sole purpose of faithjustificationin the Gospel Age is to lead us to the sanctifiedcondition and joint-heirship with Christ symbolized by thesetwo compartments of the Great Pyramid. As Jesus said : " Ifany man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take uphis cross daily, and follow me. For whosoever will save hislifc shall lose it, but whosoever will lose his life for my saltcthe same shall save it "-Luke 9 : 23, 24.How important it is to realize that it is only the meek whomthe Lord will guide in judgment and will teach his way (Psa.25.: c)), and who will, therefore, see that it is their reasonablcservice to bow down and enter tlle Ante-Chamber condition ofsanctification. These will realize, furthermore, that it is notonly their reasonable service to present their bodies a livingsacrifice, but that a wonderful privilege is being offered to themto share first in the sufferings, and afterwards in the glory, ofthe Lord ; for without sacrifice unto death, none need hope toattain the heavenly inheritance with Christ-Rev. 2 : 10 ;2 i . 2 : I I M%cn tllcy scc this their faith in C;otl~28.their appreciation of his love for them will lead tliein toreciprocate, and they will deny themselves, and bowing downto his will, will " make a covenant with him by sacrifice "-Psa. 50 : 5. " Herein is love, not that we loved God, but thathe loved us, and sent his Son to be the propitiation for our sins.Beloved, if God so loved us, we ought also to love one another."" Because he uesus] laid d0w.n his life for us, we ought to laydown our lives for the brethren "-I John 4 : 10, 11 ; 3 : 16, R.V.After the visitor to the Great Pyramid enters the Ante-Chamber and stands erect, he finds himself at first in a littlecompartment measuring 21 inches from front to back, by 41inches from side to side. His further progress is barred by the" Granite Leaf," nearly 154 inches thick, which has its undersurface in line with the roof of the entrance passage. Thetraveller will, therefore, require again to bow very low in orderto pass under this block of granite before he can get the fullfreedom of the Ante-Chamber.The stooping necessary to pass through the entranccpassage, which is constructed entirely of limestone, representsthe voluntary death of the human or earthly will, selfrenunciation.But this alone is not sufficient. Some on givingup their own will accept the will of the Pope, for instance. TOthese the Pope's will becomes infallible, and they consent tobelieve and do whatever he commands. This is not trueconsecration to God. Those who accept the high calling ofGod in Christ Jesus must not only deny themselves, but theymust also bow to the will of the Lord.As granite in the Great Pyramid represents things Divine,so the Granite Leaf represents the Divine Will, to which thosewho would enter the School of Christ must bow submissively.Before they do this, although they are standing under a graniteroof representing Divine protection, they are, nevertheless, stillstanding on limestone. This symbolizes the fact that they arestill regarded by God as human beings, not yet begotten to thespirit nature. But as soon as they come to the decision to bowdown to the will of God syinbolized by the Granite Leaf, thusevidencing their willingness to " lose their lives " for Christ'ssake, Christ imputes to them a sufficiency of his merit to rendertheir sacrifice holy and acceptable to God. Their justificationJ 129

thcil becomes completc ; and their sacrifice being now a livii~gone, because entirely free from the Adamic condemnation, it isat once accepted by the Lord. As the Apostle states, " thereis, therefore, NOW no condem~lation to them which are in ChristJesus, who walk not after the flesh, but after the spirit "-Rom. 8 : I.It is important to notice that when Paul besought thcRomans to present their bodies a living sacrifice, and pointedout to them that it was their reasonable service to do so (Rom.12 : I), he did not address those who were enemies of Godthrough evil works, but those who had turned to have faithin God, and were, therefore, his " brethren " of the householdof faith. The man who lacks faith cannot present his body aliving sacrifice, holy and acceptable to God. Not having beenfreed from condemnation his death would not be sacrificial, orholy, but would be forfeited at the hands of justice ; nor wouldhis body be his owri to present. The death of such availsnothing, for " God hath no pleasure in the death of thewicked " ; but the sacrificial death of those declared " blessedand holy" because of their faith in Jesus avails much, for" precious in the sight of the Lord is the death of his saints "-Ezek. 33 : 11 ; Psa. 116 : 15.The visitor to the Ante-Chamber who bows down undectheGranite Leaf, steps for the fir-st time on to granite ; syrnboliziiigthat those who submit themselves to the will of God, have riowrisen from the plane of human justification to the plane ofspirit-begetting. I-Ienceforth God reckons thein dead as humailbeings (Col. 3 : 3),---not dead in ad an^, but dcad in Christ,--aid alive as spirit beings. They are " accepted in the Beloved "as members of his body. They are immersed into Christ,bccause they are immersed into his death (Eph. I : 6 ; Ron~.6 : 3) ; and becoming partakers of his sufferings and death theywill ultimately, if fouild faithful, become partakers of his gloriousresurrection, the first or chief resurrection-Phil. 3 : 10, 11 ;Rev. 20 : 6. The first stone of this granite floor is about aquarter of an inch higher than the limestone ; and if a verticalline be drawn downward from its first or north edge, it will befound to pass beyond (south of) the Queen's Chamber whichsymbolizes the perfect human condition.I3 ITbe So~ltherr~ erld of the Ante-Chamber ; shotoing !lieLow Passage io the King's Cltnmber130

Once an entrance has been gained into the Ante-Chamberproper, it is found that the level of its floor falls immediatelyto the level of the limestone Step outside, showing that althoughthose who are spirit-begotten have now the spiritual mind, themind of Christ (I Cor. 2 : 16), they have as yet undergone nochange of nature as regards their bodies. They have receivedthe holy spirit of promise as an earnest or pledge of their futurespiritual inheritance (Eph. I : 13, 14), the Divine nature, buttheir bodies are still human. Nevertheless, as they are standingon granite, this shows that they are reckoaed by God as partakersof the Divine nature, because they have presented their bodiesa living sacrifice, and are striving to fulfil their vow ofconsecration. Above them is the granite roof, signifying thatthey are, even more than before, under Divine protection." He that dwelleth in the secret place of the most High, shallabide under the shadow of the Almighty "-Psa. 91 : I.Before they can enter the " Sanctuary " or King's Chamber,which is a figure or type of heaven itself (Heb. g : 24, they mustbow down once more and pass through another low entrancepassage.The stooping necessary to do this symbolizes death,for those who will become joint-heirs with Jesus Christ mustrise from the plane of spirit-begetting to the plane of spiritbirth,that is, they must be changed to the spiritual conditionin the actual as distinguished from the reckoned sense beforethey can enter the heavenly glory, for " flesh and blood cannotinherit the Kingdom of God "--I Cor. 15 : 50. That the planeof spirit-birth is higher than the plane of spirit-begetting isindicated in the Great Pyramid by the fact that the granitefloor of the King's Chamber is on a higher level than the uppersurface of the first granite stone in the floor of the Ante-Chamber.The emergence from the low entrance-passage into theKing's Chamber symbolizes the resurrection of those who havebecn faithful followers of Christ. This is the first or chiefresurrection concerning which John the Revelator states :" Blessed and holy is he that hath part in the first resurrection :on such the second death hath no power, but they shall bepriests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with him a thousandyears "-Rev. 20 : 6. Paul, speaking of the same class, said :" The dead in Christ shall rise first " (I Thess. 4 : 16), and again,132III" It is a faithful saying : For if we be dead with him, we shallalso live with him. If we suffer, we shall also reign with him "-z Tim. 2 : 11, 12.This gracious oHer of joint-heirship with Jesus is free tothose who have ears to hear the glad tidings before the timewhen the door of opportunity will close, and all who accept andare faithful unto death will receive the crown of life, and willfind that the sufferings of the present time are not worthy tobe compared with the glory which shall be revealed in them,for they will be raised in the likeness of Christ's glorious spiritualbody and will reign with him-Rev. 2 : 10 ; Rom. 8: 18 ;Phil. 3 : 21 ; I John 3 : z.It is thus evident that the Grand Gallery symbolizes theplane of faith-justification ; the first granite stone in the Ante-Chamber the plane of spirit-begetting ; and the granite floorof the King's Chamber (or Sanctuary) the plane of spirit-birth,the Divine nature.The Grand GalleryIn the last section we saw that the Grand Gallery, in itsrelation to the Ante-Chamber as the' School of Christ, symbolizesthe condition of the justified who are called or invited to presenttheir bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God-Rom.12 : I. Those who do so are urged to forget those things whichare behind, and reaching forth unto those things that are before,press toward the mark for the prize of the High Calling of Godin Christ Jesus-Phil. 3 : 13, 14. In the present section, theGrand Gallery will be considered as symbolizing the High orHeavenly Calling in itself-Heb. 3 : I. The two modes ofaccess, the one for the people of Israel, the other for theGentiles, to the privilege of the High Calling, have alreadybeen considered.This High Calling began, so far as Jesus was concerned, athis birth, because he was born into this world for the purposeof accepting the call to sacrifice when the due time should come,which was at his baptism ; but it was not until his death andresurrection that the " new and living way " was opened upto the world of mankind, first to the Israelites and afterwardsI33

to the Gentiles. Good men, like John the Baptist (than whomlhere was no greater), who died prior to the time when JesusCllrist rose froin the dcad and ap1)earcct in the presmce of Godfor us, his followtrs (Ilcb. 0 : zq), had 110 part in this HighCalling to be joint-sacrificers and ultimately joint-heirs with theMaster-Matt. I I : 11. The first of the Israelites to accept thiscall and to receive the Holy Spirit in token of their acceptanceby God, were the 120 disciples when they were assembled inthe upper room at Pentecost, the exact date foreshadowed bythe Law-Lev. 23 : 4-17 ; Acts I : 13, I4 ; 2 : 1-18. The firstGentile to accept, and be accepted, was Cornelius, to whomthe Apostle Peter was specially sent by God-Acts 10.The lofty height of the Grand Gallery very well representsthe perfect liberty and high aspirations of the followers of Christ.Those who go up this way do not require to walk with theirheads bowed as they did when coming up the First AscendingPassage, representative of the people of Israel bowed down andcondemned by the exacting requirements of the Law, or whengoing down the Descending Passage, representative of theremainder of the human race bowed down under the Adamiccondemnation to death. Those who are privileged to go up theGrand Gallery, can do so with their heads erect : for " Christis the end of the law for righteousness to every one thatbelieveth," and " there is therefore now no condemnation tothem which are in Christ Jesus, who walk not after the flesh,but after the Spirit "-Rom. 8 : I.The nation of Israel who struggled up the First AscendingPassage, and the world who labour down the Descending Passageare weary and faint because of their galling yoke and heavyburden ; " But they that wait upon the Lord shall renew theirstrength ; they shall mount up with wings as eagles; theyshall run, and not be weary ; and they shall walk, and notfaint "-Isa. 40 : 31.Nevertheless, although this way is lofty, it is a narrow way,for " narrow is the way which leadeth unto life "-Matt. 7 : 14.It is rather less than seven feet wide above the Ramps, and thewalking part between the Ramps is narrower still. It is onlythree and a half feet widejust room for two to walk abreast," My Lord and I." However anxious the Lord's brethren mayI34be for some dear one to share this pathway with them, whilethey may assist him to see his privilege, none of them can leadhim up. Thcy must urge him to take Jesus' hand ; and all whorespond will find Jesus ablc to save to the uttermost. They willllear Jt=hovah's tendcr words: " Fear thou not, for I arn withthee : be not dismayed, for I am thy God : I will strengthenthee ; yea, I will help thee ; yea, I will uphold thee with theright hand of my righteousness "-Isa. 41 : 10.The way is dark ; " but unto the upright there ariseth lightin the darkness." Those who walk this way have a " lamp,"the Word of God, by the light of which they are enabled to seethe pathway, and this lamp is shining more and more brightly-Psa. 112 : 4 ; 119 : I05 ; Prov. 4: 18. The way is alsoslippery ; but the wayfarers have the Lord as their yoke-fellow ;if they should slip, he will help them. Moreover, they havethe Ramps beside them all the way, representing the grace ofGod, his (' great and precious promises " to support them whenthey are weary, to cling to when they slip. " When I said,' My foot slippeth,' thy mercy, 0 Lord, held me up "-Psa.93 : 18. Should anyone wiIfully begin to retrace his steps, hewill find that the way'of the backslider is hard, just as in theGreat Pyramid the descent of the Grand Gallery is even harderthan the ascent. Persistence in this downward course musteventuate in the Second Death-Heb. 6 : 4-6 ; 10 : zg ; z Pet.2 : 20-22.The Step at the head of the Grand Gallery represents thelast great trial to be overcome in each individual Christian'scourse ; but just as visitors to the Pyramid can surmount thisStep and gain entrance to the King's Chamber by takingadvantage of the help afforded them by their guide and by theRamps, so all who are true Christians will prove overcomers iftheir strength is not in themselves, but in the Lord, and if theyrely on the grace of God, " the exceeding great and preciouspromises : that by these they might be partakers of the Divinenature "-2 Pet. I : 4.When we examine the two side-walls of the Grand Gallery,we see that they are each composed of eight courses of masonryabove the Ramps, and that each course projects about threeinches beyond the one below it. There are thus seven over-I35

lappings, and the width of the passage becomes gradually lessbetween each pair of opposite courses till the roof is reached ;here the width is identical with the floor-space between theRamps. Wordsworth E. Jones suggested that they mightrepresent the various stages in the upward growth in Christiancharacter as detailed in 2 Pet. r : 5-7 : " And besides this,giving all diligence, add to your faith virtue ; and to virtueknowledge ; and to knowledge temperance ; and to temperancepatience ; and to patience godliness ; and to godliness brotherlykindness ; and to brotherly kindness love."From this point of view, the floor of the Grand Gallery maybe taken as representing the foundation of our faith. TheApostle assures us that " other foundation can no man lay thanthat is laid, which is Jesus Christ "-I Cor. 3 : 11. Jesushimself said : " I am the way "-John I4 : 6. It is on himthat the " exceeding great and precious promises " are based,just as it is on the floor of the Grand Gallery that the Rampsare based. The lowest course of each side wall, representingthe faith of the Christian, rests on the floor through the mediumof the Ramp, and similarly the faith of the Christian rests onthe foundation of Jesus Christ through the medium of theLord's great and precious promises.But the Christian may have all faith so that he could movemountains, and yet, if he did not add to it the various gracesof the spirit, the greatest and highest of which is love, his faithwould profit him nothing. We must superadd to our faith thevarious overlapping of I, virtue,-fortitude, the courage of ourconvictions ; 2, kcowledge ; 3, temperance,-self-control ; 4,patience ; 5, godliness,-reverence for God with desire to dohis commands, duty love ; 6, t~rotherly kindness,-love for allwho are brethren in Cllrist Jesus ; 7, love in its all-comprehensivesense,-love for God, for the brethren, for mankind in general,for enemies.These are all built upon, and are additions to, each other inthe order named, and all are necessary if we would be jointheirswith our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. " If these thingsbe in you, and abound, they make you that ye shall neither bebarren nor unfruitful in the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ.But he that lacketh these things is blind and cannot see afar136off, and hath forgotten that he was purged from his old sins.Wherefore the rather, hrethren, give diligence to make yourcalling and election sure ; for if ye do these things, ye shallnever fall ; for so an entrance shall be ministered unto youabundantly into the everlasting Kingdom of our Lord andSaviour Jesus Christ "-2 Pet. I : 5-11.The fact that the space between the side walls is narrowerand narrower at each overlapping, till the roof is reached wherethe width is the same as that between the Ramps, would seemto indicate that the various additions to the upward growth ingrace enumerated by the Apostle Peter, present more and moredifficulty to the individual Christian who is faithful to hiscovenant of sacrifice. The way becomes narrower and narrowertill at length it becomes as narrow as the way the Master trod.This will be reached only when we develop love in its allcomprehensivesense, in addition to and inclusive of the othergraces of the spirit. It is only those who cultivate this love,the sum of all the graces, who will be raised to joint-heirshipwith Christ, inasmuch as these alone will have proved theirfitness to be associated with Christ in judging and blessing theworld in righteousness--I Cor. I3 : 1-13 ; 6 : 2 ; Kev. 3 : 21 ;Psa. 96 : 9-13.The companion books of this series are entitled :The Great Pyru7?zid: .Its ScientzQfc Fentur-es(Part / of 19rp A.n. and the Great Pyr-amid)The Gwat Py~nntid : Its Tim~-Feat~c7-es(Part [I of 1914 A P. end the Glairt /?~/1-nnzicE)

Great Pyramid PassagesBy. JOHN UUGAKhI.A., G.sc., M.i;., C.hI., I'.R.I'.P.S.G.and MOKION EDGARFor full information on the subject of the Great Pyramidprocure the volumes of " Great Pyramid Passages." Thesevolumes were specially alluded to and recommended to allsearchers after truth by the late Pastor Charles T. Rl~ssell ofBrooklyn and London Tabernacles. They are noticed in the" Watch Tower " for 1910 and 1913. Vo1. I1 is quoted in Vol.VII of " Studies in the Scriptures " as an authoritative work.Vol. I, now reprinted and in stock, describes the exterior and interiorof the building very minutely, and contains numerous photographs, dra~vingsand diagrams. The symbolism of the Great Pyramid is dealt with in thlsvolume.Vol. 11, now reprinted and in stock, fully demonstrates how theGreat Pyramid corroborates the Bible Chronology and time-features, bymeans of the Pyramid-inch measurements. This 2nd volume also explainsall the Scriptural time-features. A portion of this 2nd volume appeared inthe " Watch Tower" for Nov. 15th, 1904, and for June rgth, 1905, and inother recent issues.Vol. 111, now in course of preparation, will appear in print later.This 3rd volume will deal largely with the scientific features of the GreatPyramid. These scientific features esta,blish the correctness of the variousmeasurements of the building, and hence corroborate the time-featureswhich are based upon the measurements. (Announcement will be made whenthe 3rd volume is in priut.)Price :Cloth-bound, 8/6, or $2.00, per copy.10 copies at the rate of 7/6, or $1.75, per copy.25 copies and over at the rate of 6/6, or $1.50, per Copy.De Luxe Edition, 14/6, or $3.50, per copy.10 copies and over at the rate of 12/6, or $3.00, per copy.Note-Orders for quantities may be'assortedNOTE-When remittiog orders, please do not sendstamps or coins. Paper moneymay be sent: but I~~ternational Money Orders, or Bank Drafts or Chequesare safest. American Cl1eques or Drafts should be through a Bank with aNew York connection, and made out in Dollars and Cents-not in Englishmoney. These Drafts or Cheques are cheaper to the sender than thePostal Money Orders.Letters from U.S.A. require a two cent stamp. Letters from Canadarequire a four cent stamp. (Postcards two cents.)Address Orders to MORTON EDCAR, 224 West Regent Street, Clasgow, Scotland

NOTICEThe Booklets noticed below are good value. They have been,and still are, much used in the spread ol the knowledge ofthe Truth, the subject-matter of each being in perfect harmonywith " Studies in the Scriptures." Many write expressing theirthankful appreciation.Where are the Dead ?Socialism and the Rible.These Mythology and the Bible.The Great Pyramid and the Bible.11 Memoirs of Doctor John Edgar.Booldets Memoirs of Aunt Sarah.all nni-fornl A Tree Planted by the Rivers of Water.in size The Preservation of Identity in the Resurrection.and price. Abraham's Life-History an Allegory.Faith's Foundations, also Waiting on God.Prayer and the I3ible.TWO STYLES OF BINDINGThese handy and useful little books are neatly bound in distinctive colours,either in paper covers or in stiff boards covered with good cloth.The cloth-bound brochures have the title blocked in gold on the cover andform a neat little library-a truly valuable little collection, containing a mineof information in a very small space.Paper-bound : Per copy zjd., or 5 cents.One dozen copies, z/-, or 50 cents.50 copies, 7/-. or $1.75.IOO copies, 13/-. or $3.25.500 copies at the rate of rz/-, or $3.00 per loo.1000 copies at the rate of I I /-, or $2.75 per TOO.Cloth-bound : Per copy, 8d., or 16 cents.Eleven copies, 7$d., or 15 cents per copy.Twenty-two copies, 7d., 01 14 cents per copy.Forty-four copies, 6+d., or 13 cents pcr copy.Eighty-eight copies, 6d., or 12 cents per copy.Note-Ordersfor quantities may be assortedNew Edition " WHERE ARE THE DEAD ? " Large SizeSince first published in 1908, Dr. Edgar's little brochure on" Where are the Dead ? " has had a wide circulation. Many havcexpressed a desire to procure this important address in a largerarid more durable form. We have, therefore, prepared a SpecialEdition, printed on stout antique paper, with large clear type.It is bouild in stiff cloth boards, and measures 74411. by 5-in.Price : Per Copy, 2/-, or 50 cents.Ten Copies at the rate of 1/9, or 45 cents.Address Orders to MORTON EDGAR, 224 West Regent Street, Claagow, Scotland'Fhree useful books on the Great Yyrnmid:(I) The Great Pyramid : Its Spiritual Symbolism (144 pages).(2) The Great Pyramid : Its Scientific Features (224 pages).(Part I. of 1914 A.D. and the Great Pyramid).(3) The Great Pyramid : Its Time Features (176 pages).(Part 11. of 1914 A.D. and the Great Pyramid.)Price :-For a single copy, 2/3, or 55 cents.6 copies at the rate of 2/-, or 50 cents, per copy.12 copies at the rate of 1/9, or 45 cents, per copy.48 copies and over at the rate of 1/6, or 35 cents, per copy.The three books, printed on stouter paper, may be procured boundtogether in stiff boards covered with good cloth, and title blocked in real goldPrice of above three Pyramid books bound together in cloth:One copy for 8/6, or $2.00.10 copies at the rate of 7/6, or $1.75, per copy.25 copies and over at the rate of 6/6, or $1.50, per copy.Great Pyramid ChartThis chart is drawn true to scale from actual measurements taken in thePyramid by Dr. John Edgar and his brother, Morton Edgar, during 1309 and1912. It is the only diagram of this monument which has the accurate lengthof the Descending Passage, and the correct dimensions of the building generally.It can be procured in three sizes, but the 44 feet by 3 feet size, printed on cloth,which contains the dimensions of every part of the Pyramid, is speclallprecommended. The wonderful symbolisms and Pyramid-inch time-measurementsof the building demonstrate beyond all doubt the great importanceof the date 1914 A.D., one of the most momentous years in history.The price of the 43 feet by 3 feet size :New Edition, lithographed in five colours on cloth, 4/-, or $1.00 per copy.Old Edition, lithographed in black, on cloth, 3/-, or 75 cents, per copy.Small size, 3 feet by z feet, printcd in 1)laclr:On Cloth, 1/6, or 35 cents per copy.5 copies, 1/3, or 30 cents per copy.On Paper, Single copy, 6d., or 12 cents.5 copies, 4d., or 8 cents per copy.10 or more copics, 3d., or 6 cents per copy.Special large size, suitable for lecturing from in large halls, 10: fcet by 7 feel,hand painted on cloth, coloured, 35/-, or $8.50 per copy.Chronological ChartThis chart of'Fhe chrc!nologp and timc-features of the Bib!: is that wliicllappcars in the Watch Towcr Gible and Tract Society's Bible. It isclearly printed, and proves most helpful to an understanding of the timcsand seasons." It is fully explained in Vol. I1 of the work entitled " GreatPyramid Passages."feet by 3 feet, printed on cloth, 3/-, or 75 cents, per copy.18-in. by 12-in., on art paper, bound with brass top and bottom for haugingon wall, gd. or 6 cents per copy ; six or more copies. 2$d., or 5 cents per copy.7-in. by 4$-in., stiff art card, twelve copies (id., or 12 cents.Postcard size, for correspondence, fifty copies 1/6, or 35 cents.Address Orders to MQRTON EDCAW. 224 West Regent Street, Clasgow, Scotland

Lantern Slides of the Great PyramidThere is no better way of testifying to the Lord's glorious Plan of Salvatiorithan by drawing attention to the teaching uf His own " Stone Witness," theGreat Pyramid.Experience has fully demonstrated that a Pyramid Lecture has greatattraction for the general thinking public. It is a subject which appeals tothoughtful people ; and this is as it should be, for God Himself is responsiblefor the building's existence. God Himself caused it t~ be erected for thespecial purpose of serving as a " Sign " and " Witness to the truth of His1-Ioly Word-see Isa. 19 : 19, 20. It is our privi18ge to co-operate with Himin drawing attention to this great symbol of His arrangement for the salvationof the world.The Lantern Slides which we supply are made from the original negativesof our photographs taken at the Pyramid, and also from the original diagramsdrawn true to scale from our personal measurements of the building during theyears 1909 and 1912. .Being made by the wet-collodion process, these Slides are clear andbrilliant. The full coloured set is specially recommended, as they lookbeautiful on the screen-they are well worth the extra cost. The Slideshave each a descriptive title, and are specially numbered to accompany thelecture entitled : " The Pyramid Portrayal of Creation." But they canbe easily re-arranged to suit other lectures.(I) Set of 103 Slides, 2 Coloured and IOI Plain - - L7 10 o, or $39.00(2) PP ,, 77 ,, 26 ,, - - £12 10 0, or $63.00(3) . 91 95 ,, 8 ,, - - L I ~ 10 o, or $68.00These prices are for the Ilnglish size uf slide. &in. by 3:-in. If the larger Ameriran 5ize4-in. by 3:, in., is required, add 5 cents per slide (or $5.00 io all). In most cases the slide carrier i;American lanterns call be adapted to take the smaller, 3i-i~~by &in., alide.Note-It is a good plan to open and close the lecture by requesting theaudience to sing a few verses of a hymn shown on the screen ; aswell as several verses during the two intervals. By thus participatingin the entertainment, the audience feel more at one with the lecturer.For this purpose we have prepared eleven special Hymn Slides,with one verse on each slide, set in an appropriate scenic background,beautifully coloured. The price is 3/6, or 90 cents each slide.The Pyramid Portrayal of CreationPrice : Per copy, 1/6, or 35 cents.Six copies at the rate of 1/3, or 30 cents per copy.One dozen copies and over at the rate of I/-,or 25 cents per copy.This Lecture is printed in large clear type, with a space betwcen the paragraphs,so that it can be easily read in the darkened Lecture Hall under even adiin light from the Lecturer's table-lantern. The paragraphs are nurnbercdand titled to correspond with the Lantern Slides.The numerous dra\vings and diagrams, of which there are over thrcedozen, illustrate the text of this lecture, so that, while primarily arranged toaccompany the Lantern Slides noticed above, the general reader will find theperusal of its pages both interesting and instructive. The subject-matter iscontinuous from start to finish, and gives a connected description of themonument and its wonderful symbolisms. In size, it measures 8-in. by54-in., with 64 pages and cover. On the cover is an embossed and colouredpicture of the Pyramid. Write for a sample copy at 1/6 (35 cents).Address Orders to MORTON EDGAR, 224 West Regent Street, Clasgow, Scotland

SectionCONTENTSI The Great Pyramid of Gizeh in Egypt - - - -A Scriptural Declaration : and Historical Notice -The Great Pyramid the First Stone Building - -11 The Discovery of the Scientific Nature of the Pyramid -I11 Earth's Standard Unit of Length - - - - -Earth's Grand Reference-Standard for Length -The Precise Length of the Pyramid Inch - -IV The Solar Tropical year-Length, Monumentalised inthe Great Pyramid -The King's Chamber Shows the Year-LengthThe Pyramid's Interior and Exterior Dimensionsagree by a Recognised Proportion - -The Pyramid's Passage-angle shows the Day-valueof the Solar Tropical Year - - -V The King's Chamber and the Grand Gallery areRelated Proportionately - - - -The Vertical Height of the Grand Gallery -The Horizontal Length of the Grand Gallery - -VI The Synodic Month Duration Monumentalised inthe Great Pyramid - - - .The First Ascending Passage and the Synodic MonthThe Horizontal Passage Leading to the Queen'sChamber, and the Synodic Month - - -VII The Four Foundation Corner "Sockets" of theGreat Pyramid - - -The Levels of the Four Corner Socket-Foundations -VIIl Important Levels in the Great Pyramid - -IX The Precessional Cycle of the Equinoxes - - -X The Earth's Distance from the Sun, shown by theGreat Pyramid's Dimensions - - . -XI The Great Pyramid's Orientation - - . -XI1 The Great Pyramid's Geographical Position - - -XI11 The Great Pyramid's Connection with Bethlehem inthe Holy Land - - -The Scriptures Connect Bethlehem with Egypt -The Great Pyramid-to-Bethlehem Distance and thePeriod of 2138 Years - - - -The Great Pyramid-to-Bethlehem Distanceand thePeriod of 1915 Years - - - -Page13151719222425

SectionXIV The Capacity of the King's Chamber - - - .The Granite Walls of the King's Chamber - -The Lunar-Year Duration Indicated by the King'sChamber -The Ratio .x in the King's Chamber -The Precessional Cycle Duration Indicated byth'e King's Chamber -The Second Height of the King's Chamber, andthe Grand Gallery's Floor-Length -Another Indication of the Solar-Year Duration -Another Indication of the Lunar-Year Duration -XV The Harmonious Proportions of the Great Pyramid -The King's Chamber and its Dimensions Govern theWhole Pyramid -The Floor-Level of the King's Chamber - -The Top-Surface Level of the Step -The Subterranean Chamber Indicates the Dates1874 and 1914 A.D.Another Method of Measuring to the Pit -The Duration of the "World that Was" and the Dateof the FloodThe Geometric Harmony of the Vertical ' ' Flood-Line ' 'XVI The Coffer in the King's Chamber -The Coffer is the Standard Capacity Measure forAll Nations -The Coffer Pre~ents a Standard for Mean Densityand Weight - -The Pyramid Pint-Measure, Scientifically Accurate.,the Origin of the Ancient Saxon Pint -The Pyramid's System of Weights and Measures Betterthan the French Metric System -The Pyramid Capacity Measure Contrasted with thePresent Imperial British One - -XVII The Proportions bf the Coffer (together with a list ofScientific Features as presented by Professor C.Piazzi Smyth) -XVIII Proportionate Features Connected with the Coffer basedupon the Set of Standard Measures - -The Area of the Socket-Level Base of the GreatPyramid Indicated by the Coffer -The Grand Gallery,Floor-Length -The First Ascending Passage Floor-Length -Another Grand-Gallery Length Indication -Still Another Grand-Gallery Length Indication -The Exterior Dimensions of the Coffer Ag~ee withthe King's Chamber's Dimensions - -Page7375SectionThe Coffer's Indication of the Precessional Cycle -The Coffer's Exterior Dimensions are Proportifinateto its Interior Capacity - - - - -The Socket-Level Base Side Length - - -The Socket-to-Apex Vertical Height - - -The Descending Passage Floor-Length - - -The Complete Straight-lined Length of the Descendin4Passage - - - - -The Horizon*al Passage Floor-Length - - -XIX The Coffer's Standard for Weight - - - -Earth's Mean Density - -The Pyramid Ton and its Subdivisions Indicatedby the Coffer's Capacity - - . -Professor C. Piazzi Smyth's Table of Weight MeasuresThe Pyramid System of Specific Gravities - -XX The Cubical Bulk, and Weight, of the Earth agree withthe Dimensions of the Great Pyramid - -The "Earth Pyramid" - - - - -The "Earth-Pyramid" Calculations - - -The "Earth-Pyramid" Indication of Earth's BulkCompared with the Deductions of Science -The Mass of the Great Pyramid Compared withthe Mass of the Earth - - - -The Symmetry of the Mass-Comparison - - -The "Earth-Pyramid'' Indication of Earth's SurfaceArea Compared with the Deductions of Science -The Rcmarkable Harmony Between the Surface-Areaof Earth, and the Great Pyramid's Dimensions -XXI Further Corrcspondcncies Connected with the Cofferin the King's Chamber - - - -The Coffer's Bulk is Proportionate to the CubicD~agonal of the King's Chamber through themedium of a Sphere - -Another Indicatlon of the Sphere's Bulk - -The Day-Duration of the Solar Tropical YearIndicated by the Dimensions of the Coffer -Another Indicatlon of the Solar Year Connectedwith the Coffer's Dimensions - - -The Bulk of the Granlto Leaf in thc Ante-Chamberand the Intcrior Capacity of the Coffer -l'hc Coller, and tlie Days in 1000 Solar Tropical Years1"urthcr Corrosponclcncics botween the Dimensionsof thc Coffer aiid tlie King's Chamber - -'I'lic CoMcr 1s "Blintl Sarcophagus" - - -Thc Widtli of the Queen's Chamber - - -Page123

SectionThe Length,of the Granite Plug in the FirstAscending Passage - - - -The Meaning of the Granite Plug length - -The First Ascending Passage's "Extended" Measureof 1647 Inches shown in the Coffer's DimensionsOther Coffer Indications of the 1915 and 2915 PeriodsThe 33) Years of our Lord's Earthly Sojourn - -The Number of the Spirit-begotten Overcomersof the Gospel Dispensation - - . -XXII The Geometrical Connection of the Numbers71,250 and 144,000 and 1915 - -Further Development of the Geometrical Figure -XXIII The Capacity of the King's Chamber Related tothe Capacity of the Coffer -The 50th Part of the Lowest Wall-course Contentand the Interior Capacity of the Coffer -The Level of the Top of the Coffer in Relationto the First Wall-joint Level -The Capacities of the Lowest Wall-course and theCoffer, and a Lunar-Year Indication -XXIV Temperature, and other Mensurations -Mean Temperature of the King's Chamber -Angle Measure - -Possible Money-System Indication - - -XXV The Great Pyramid of Gizeh Indicates the Dateof its own Erection - - -The Great Pyramid Marks the Date of its Erectionby a convincing Time-measurement -XXVI The Significance of the "Star-Pointings" of the Lord'sStone "Sign" and "Witness" in the Land ofEgypt - - - - - - - -Jehovah Intended the Stars to Serve as Signs - -The Misuse of the Constellation Signs by theIdolatrous Nations not a Contradiction oftheir Divine Origination -Modern Astronomers Annoyed at the Ancient Stellarfiigures, but must still Recognise Them -The Original 48 Constellations have been carefullyPreserved and Transmitted to this Generation -The Originators of the Ancient and Authentic48 Constellations - -Further Scriptural Allusions to the Constellations -The Signification of the Constellations "Hydra" and"Draco" - -The Great Pyramid's "Star-Pointings" form a Keyto the Decipherment of the Stellar Signs - -Page

THEGREAT PYRAMIDITS SClENTlFlC FEATURESPART 1 OF1914 A.D. AND THE GREAT PYRAMIDSECTION IEGYPT is the only country where the perfect pyramidstructure is to be found; that is, a stone buildinghaving a square base, with four triangular, slopingsides meeting in a point exactly above the centre of the base.Althougs there are over thirty of these monuments, erectedin several groups along the western bank of the Nile, onlyone of them is of importance, namely, the Great Pyramid ofGizeh. It is the most northern of a group of nine pyramids,built at the very border of the Sahara Desert on a low hill ofrock, not far from the city of Cairo.Because of its antiquity and size, the beauty of its masonry,and exclusiveness of design both externally and internally;but above all because of the inscrutability of its purpose,this great edifice has been from the earliest times universallydesignated the first of the "Seven Wonders" of the world.Owing to its structural durability, tbe Great Pyramid is theonly one of these apcient wonders which now exists.While the modern world can point with justifiable prideto its achievements in the engineering art, the masterlyworkmanship of the Great Pyramid's erectors of fully fortycenturies ago, the skill everywherc displayed throughoutits Vast bulk, not only in the preparation and meticulousfitting of the tens of thousands of immense stones, but of its13

whole design, compels thoughtful admiration. And thissole survivor of the Seven Wonders 'of the ancients, even inthe midst of the mechanical triumphs of the present epoch,still maintains its unique distinction of being earths's chiefstructural marvel. The Rev. Joseph A. Seiss named it "AMiracle in Stone"; and recent research proves that themonument justifies this title even more completely than thatgifted author could have known.It is claimed by many students that the architect whodesigned the Great Pyramid must have been inspired; forit is inconceivable that the numerous Scriptural and scientifictruths which are now known to be embodied in the dimensionsand angles of the building could have been common knowledgeat that early period. By laborious research, and carefulaccumulation of records taken at intervals during centuries,man has at last ascertained to a near approximation the sizeof the earth on which he lives, the distance separating thesun and earth, the durations in days of the solar tropical year,and lunar month, and the number of years in the precessionalcycle of the equinoxes, along with many other related facts.With man such knowledge is progressive; and what is acceptedas truth today may tomorrow require correction as learningand understanding increases.But with God: surely He knows it altogether. If for somewise purpose, therefore, it was his intention to convince hisintelligent and enquiring creatures on earth that He is anunerring Law-giver, and that all things are known to Himand are working harmoniously toward a grand consummation,it is not unreasonable to claim that in the Great Pyramid hemonumentalised these very truths which our scientists haveall along so eagerly sought to unravel. This is our claim.Built nearly five and a half centuries before the Tabernacleof Moses was erected in the wilderness, and twice as longbefore the Temple of David and Solomon appeared in Jerusalem(and both of these' edifices were designed under Divineinspiration), the Great Pyramid has withstood the ravagesdf at11 the cmturies till now, and will probably continue tostand for many more, testifying to earth's inhabitants theomnipotence of Jehovah. Completed two decades before14Abraham was born, it held hidden within its measures andangles a prophetic history of the world, not decipherable untilhistory had run its course.In addition it contains, by means of its design and proportionatedimensions, important scientific facts, which nevercould be appreciated until precise knowledge of the lawswhich govern movement in the universe had sufficientlyincreased, to prepare the mind of man to unlock them.A Scrifltural Declaration; and Historical NoticeAlthough the Lord of heaven and earth caused his greatstone Witness to be constructed over forty centuries ago, ithas pleased him to reserve the understanding of its messageto the Millennia1 Day, which we are now entered upon; aswe read: "In that day there shall be an altar to the Lord inthe midst of the land of Egypt, even a pillar at the borderthereof to the Lord. And it shall be for [shall serve for] asign, and for a witness, unto the Lord of hosts in the land ofEgypt : for they shall cry unto the Lord because of the oppressors,and he shall send them a saviour, and a great one, and heshall deliver them" (Isaiah 19: 19, 20).It is, of course, the popular belief that the Great Pyramidis a tomb; for there is no doubt that the other pyramids wereintended by their builders for this purpose, as mummies havebeen found in some of them. And yet it is now a well knownfact that the accredited builder of the Great Pyramid, Cheops,whose name has been found on some of the masonry blocks,roughly painted in red by the ancient quarrymen, was notburied inside his great monument.His tomb, where he was buried, has been identified byEgyptologists with a deep, and elaborately-cut sepulchralpit, which is situated about a thousand feet away from thePyramid. Cheops (usually pronounced Keops) , therefore,did not intend .the Great Pyramid to serve as a tomb; nor,indeed, if we are to believe the reasonable deductions whichare based upon historical accounts, did he or his Egyptiansubjects know what purpose this immense edifice was intendedto serve!15

When we piece together the fragmentary historical recordsof this pyramid-building period, preserved to us in the writingsof Herodotus and Manetho, it appears that Egypt was at thattime invaded by a nation who came frvm the East, and whoeasily subdued the Egyptians by their power "without a battle, "and compelled them to close their idolatrous temples andengage in the work of building the Great Pyramid. Whenthe work was completed the invaders, who were called "ShepherdKings," vacated Egypt, and, according to Manetho, went,East to Palestine, where thcy built the city of Jerusalem.The fact that these Shepherd Icing's easily subdued thoEgyptians without resorting to warfare, and were able tocompel thcm to stop idolatrous worship and exert theirenergies in constructing the Great Pyramid, proves that theywere endowed with a mentality immeasurably higher than thatof the Egyptians.It is believed by some scholars, notably by ProfessorC. Piazzi Smyth, Astronomer Royal for Scotland, that thcleader of the Shepherd Kings was none other than Melchisedec,king of Salem, priest of the most high God. Certain statementsby Herodotus, read in conjunction with some historical recordsin the Bible, support the opinion that the Shepherd Philition,or Philitis, referred to by Herodotus, and Melchisedec wereone and the same; and that he was the real architect of theGreat Pyramid, being inspired of God. Rut Cheops, namedKhufu by modern Egyptologists, who was the reigning kingin Egypt at the time of the extraordinary invasion, wasmerely enlisted along with his subjects in thc actual work ofconstruction.The historical notice of the builders of the Great, as wellas of the Second, Pyramid of Gizeh, as given by Herodotus,shows that the later Egyptians had conceived intense hatredof the two kings associated with that pyramid-building period.It is thought, however, by a number of authorities, such asProfessor Rawlinson, that this hatred was engendered by nmuch later invasion of "Shepherd Kings, " who had nothingin common with the earlier Shepherd Kings of the 4th Dynasty(For the other Shepherd Kings were of the 15th to 17th Dynasties,long after the building of the Great and Second Pyramids).16The fact, however, that the original Shepherd Kings of the4th Dynasty compelled the Egyptians to close their idolatroustemples, may have seemed to the Egyptians of later timesto have been an insult to their country; and idolatry beingrife in these later Dynasties, priests and people alike couldnot then understand the godly motives that dictated thesuppressiorl of false gods, and hated that "ignoble race," asManetho named them, who "had the confidence to invade ourcountry," and so easily subdue it without even requiring tofight for it! In any case, both Sir G. Wilkinson and ProfessorKawlinson, and others, make it evident that the recorders ofEgyptian history had thoroughly mixed up the sequence ofevents, and named successive kings out of their proper order.But the builder of the Great Pyramid is identified by onenamed Philition, or Philitis, who at the time the buildingwas being erected "fed his flocks about the placc, " as Herodotusstates; and this item of history is accepted by all criticalauthorities as being correct.The Great Pyramid tlze First Stone BztildirtgIn his valuable book, The Antiquity of Intellectual Man.Professor C. Piazzi Smyth brings forward a mass of literarymaterial which establishes the priority of the Great Pyramidas a stone building, proving that this monument must havebeen reared before any other edifice of importance. He alsoshows that none of the subsequent stone erections can vie withtheir great forerunner in fineness of workmanship; and pointsout that this fact demonstrates a sudden uprise in excellencyof masonic construction.Professor Smyth comments upon the closeness of the masonryjointsof the building, especially in the walls of the interiorQueen's Chamber: "The joints are so close, that the edgesof the two surfaces of worked stone, and the filling of cementbetween, are comprisable often within the thickness of a hair."The famous Egyptologist, Professor (now knighted) W. M.Flinders Petrie, adds: "To merely place such stones in exactcontact at the sides would be careful work [because the stonesare so large and heavy], but to do so with cement in the jointsB 17

seems almost impossible. " In another place Professor Petrieagain refers to the marvellous skill of the workmen who builtthe Great Pyramid: "Their skill in cementing joints is hardto understand. How, in the casing of the Great Pyramid,they could fill with cement a vertical joint about 5 feet by 7 feetin area, and only averaging one-fiftieth part of an inch thickis a mystery ; more especially as the joint could not be thinnedby rubbing, owing to its being a vertical joint, and the blockweighing about 16 tons. Yet this was the usual work over13 acres of surface, with tens of thousands of casing-stones,none less than a ton in weight."The celebrated architectural authority, Mr. James Fergusson,also, gives his testimony as to the excellency of the workmanshipdisplayed in the Great Pyramid: '!No one can possibly examinethe interior of the Great Pyramid without being struck withastonishment at the wonderful mechanical skill displayed inits construction. Nothing more perfect mechanically has everbeen erected since that time."SECTION I1THE DISCOVERY OF THE SCIENTIFIC NATURETHE GREAT PYRAMIDJOHN TAYLOR of London, to whom Professor C. PiazziSmyth dedicated all his works on the Great Pyramid,has the honour of being the first to suggest that theGreat Pyramid was intended by its builders to monumentaliseimportant scientific truths. He published a book entitled :The Great Pyramid: Why was it built? Who built it? Thisbook appeared as early as 1859, and has commanded theattention of all thoughtful students of the Pyramid.After drawing attention to the precise angle at which thesloping sides of the Pyramid rise from the rock to the apexof the building, as calculated from the base-side length andvertical height of the whole monument, John Taylor wrote:"What reason, it may be asked, can be assigned for the foundersof the Great Pyramid giving it this precise angle, and notrather making each face an equilateral triangle? The onlyone we can suggest is, that they knew the Earth was a sphere;and they had measured off a portion of one of its great circles;and by observing the motion of the heavenly bodies over theearth's surface, had ascertained its circumference, and werenow desirous of leaving behind them a record of that circumferenceas correct and imperishable as it was possible for themto construct."They assumed that the earth was a perfect sphere; andas they knew the radius of a circle must bear a certainproportion to its circumference, they then built a pyramidof such a height in proportion to its base, that its perpendicularwould be equal to the radius of a circle equal in circumferenceto the perimeter of the base."To effect this they would make each face of the Pyramid19OF

present a certain ascertained angle with reference to its base(supposing a vertical section made of it), which angle wouldbe that of 51" 51' 14", if modern science were employed indetermining it. . . . How the thought occurred to them wecannot tell; but a more proper monument for this purposecould not have been devised than a vast Pyramid with a squarebase, the vertical height of which Pyramid should be theradius of a sphere in its circumference equal to the perimeterof that base."It was impossible to build a hemisphere of so large a size.In the form of a Pyramid, all these truths might be declaredwhich they had taken so much pains to learn; and in thatform the structure would be less liable to injury from time,neglect, or wantonness, than in any other. "At the period when John Taylor wrote these words (1859),the dimensions of the Great Pyramid were not known to suchexactness as they now are. His actual figures can now,therefore, be improved upon; but his suggestion as- to thereason why the builders of the ancient Great Pyramid chosethe precise angle for the rise of the sides of their edifice, whichgives to its vertical height the same proportion to its squarebase, as the radius of a circle has to its circumference, remainssubstantially the same. Elis deductive reasoning has receivedmuch confirmation during the years which have passed since20his day , but with this necessary correction, namely, thatwhatever the actual working-builders may have understoodabout the shape of the earth, the inspired architect was causedto embody in the monument those dimensions which prove aknowledge by someolze of the true shape and size of the earth.It is Professor C. Piazzi Smyth to whom we are indebtedfor fuller knowledge of the scientific features monumentalisedin the Great Pyramid, as well as to the beginnings of ourunderstanding of the monument's religious teaching. Thereligious tcaching is, in reality, more essential to us thanthe scientific aspect of the building, for it is a corroborationof the Plan of Salvation contained in the Bible. The valueof the purely scientific features, however, is that they provethe correctness of all the measures of the Pyramid, and demonstratea oneness of design which is too wonderful to be creditedto human beings unaided by a higher intelligence. Theyprove, therefore, that God Himself must have been the trueArchitect; and proving this establish at once the claim thatthe Great Pyramid is His "Sign" and "Witness" for the greatDay now begun.John Taylor's work, therefore, laid the foundation for theresearches of Professor Smyth and all later students. Not onlydid he point out the precise mathematical relationship thatthe Pyramid's vertical-height bears to its square base jwhichmathematicians denote by the symbol of the Greek letter " n "[pi], i.e., the proportionate ratio between the lengths of thediameter, and the circumference, of a circle), but he also drewatttmtion to the remarkable fact that the unit of linear measureenlployed in the Great Pyramid is earth-commensurable.That is, this unit is based upon the actual size of the earth.He named it the "Sacred Cubit," believing that it was thecubit communicated by Jehovah to the people of Israel; butit is now more popularly known as the Pyramid cubit.Additionally, John Taylor demonstrated that the insidecapacity of the "Coffer," or granite chest which lies in theKing's Chamber of the Great Pyramid, was meant by theArchitect to serve as the Standard Capacity Measure for allnations of earth. We shall examine some of these mattersin detail as we proceed.21

SECTION I11too short; and instead of being as at present equal to39.370789916, aught, rather, to be 39.3741576608+, Britishinches in length, according to the more accurate estimate forthe entire quadrant. (This value is about 8558 metres of thepresent, inaccurate, length, more than the round 10-millionsfor earth 's quadrant. )THEremarkable discovery of John Taylor is this: Thepolar diameter of the earth, the axis of earth'srotation, is the best possible reference-line uponwhich to base the standard unit of Long Measure for the dailyuse of mdnkind. The even 500-millionth part of this longstraight line is the precise length of the Standard Unit, andis named The Inch ; and 25 of these inches is named The Cubit.As there are 500-millions of inches in the full length of thepolar axis of earth, and 25 of these in the cubit, there istherefore an exact, round, 10-million cubits in earth's semiaxisof rotation.And because this inch-length, and cubit-length, are everywhereevident in the dimensions of the Great Pyramid of Gizeh,they have been appropriately named The Pyramid Inch, andThe Pyramid Cubit. For this reason it is, properly, claimedthat the linear unit of measure employed in the constructionof the Great Pyramid is earth-commensurable, and thus themost scientific unit that ever could be devised for the use ofman, whose everlasting habitation is Earth.It was in the attempt to create a system of measures whichshould be regarded as pre-eminently scientific, that the Frenchscientists of the time of the Revolution, discarding the systempreviously in use, introduced their earth-commensurablemetric system, the linear unit of which, they claimed, is theexact, round, 10-millionth part of the quadrant of the earth'scircle passing through the poles, that is, the 10-millionthpart of the curved line from the north pole, through Paris, tothe equator. This linear unit, the French metre, has sincebeen found to be in error; for the French savants did not knowwhat was the precise size of the earth. Their metre is slightly22Diagram illustrating the length of the Earth's Axisof Rotation, 500,000,000 Pyramid Inches ;and its Senzi-axis of 10,000,000Pyramid CubitsBut not only did they err in their estimate of the dimensionsof the earth, but they erred in judgment too. For it is muchmore scientific to base the Standard Unit of length upon thestraight line of earth's axis of rotation, than upon a curvedline, especially as that curve is not a true quarter circle owingto the flattening of the figure of the earth at the poles.Furthermore, nothing can be more fitting as the grandreference standard for length than earth's polar diameter; for,23

unlike the Meridian of Paris upon which the French metrelengthis based, this straight line upon which the standardinch and cubit are based is common to all nations; for allrevolve around it once in every 24 hours. There is anappropriateness in this connection which characterises it asof Divine arrangement. John Taylor, therefore, did nothesitate to declare his belief in the Divine origination of the,system of measures which had as its basis the grand standardlength of earth's polar axis of rotation.Sir Isaac Newton, in his Dissertation on Cubits, proves thatthe sacred cubit of the nation of Israel was almost exactly25 British inches in length. Pursuing the investigation asto the origin and length of the sacred cubit, Professor C. PiazziSmyth came to the conclusion that the cubit used by Moseswhen Jehovah commanded him to construct the tabernacle,had been used by the builder of the Great Pyramid manycenturies before, and earlier still by Noah when making theark. And as the 25th part of the cubit, namely, the inch,is practically the same as the inch-length in use today byEnglish-speaking peoples, it was his conviction that theBritish nation had inherited the "Sacred" inch down throughthe ages from the day when this standard unit was firstDivinely communicated to earth.The fact that there is now a mere one-thousandth part ofan inch difference between the length of the present Britishinch and the original earth-commensurable inch, is explainedby the many changes of the official standard-rod used forreference. l'he present reference rod is the yard of 36 inches;but the yard was not always the length of the referencestandard. The now almost forgotten ell of 45 inches, provesthat the British inch was originally longer than it is at present.Eartlz's Grand Refereme-Standard for LelzgthTo show how close are the estimates for the polar-axiallength, as computed by modem astronomers, to the iheoreticalrequirement of the Great Pyramid's scientific dimensions,we here repeat what we have said on page 242 of Vol. I GreatPyramid Passages: In the 9th Edition of the Encyclop~dia24Britamzica, Vol. 11, page 792, Sir John Herschel is noted ashaving stated the length of the polar axis from the data suppliedby Col. A. R. Clarke. (Col. Clarke is the recognised authorityon geodesy.) His figure is 41,707,796 British feet.On the other band, Sir R. S. Ball, also taking Col. Clarkeas his authority, but at a later date, states in his work Elementsof Astronomy, paragraph 184, that the polar-axial length is41,708,954 feet.Col. Clarke's original data are thercfore capable of slightlydiffering conclusions, according to the method of computingthem. But if the earlier estirnate of Sir J. Herschel wasslightly too short, Sir R. S. Ball's later estimate errs on theopposite side of being too long, as evidenccd by the GreatPyramid's scientific indication of the true length of earth'spolar diameter.Remarkably enough, the actuaL mealz of the two carefulestimates given above, both of which are based upon the datasupplied by the world's recognised authority on geodesy,namely, 41,708,375 British feet, is the precise polar-axiallength required by the Great Pyramid's scientific dimensions;for this numberof feet, converted to Pj~ramid units, yieldsexactly 500,000,000 Pyramid inches.The Precise Length of the Pyramid InclzIt is now well established that in a measured length ofexactly 1000 British inches, taking these inches at theirprescnt value, there are 999 Pyramid inches. Therefore, toconvert any known number of British inches into theircorresponding value in Pyramid inches, we only require todeduct a 1000th part of the British-inch measure from itself;the remaining 999 parts represent the Pyramid-inch measure.To convert a known Pyramid-inch measure into thecorresponding value in British inches, we diaide the Pyramidinchmeasure by ~999.It is Pyramid units, and not any other units of length,which unlock the symbolic and scientific secrets of the GreatPyramid. Therefore, all measures of the Pyramid must beexpressed in Pyramid units.25

SECTION IVPROFESSOR C. PIAZZI SMYTH discovered that earth'sstandard cubit of 25 inch-units, that is, the even10-millionth part of earth's semi-axis of rotation,divides into the Great Pyramid's base-side length as manytimes as there are days in the solar tropical year.He was led to this unique discovery by the presentationto him of one of the building's casing-stones, which a civilengineer, Mr. Waynman Dixon, had rescued from the largemounds of broken stones which lie against the Pyramid on allfour sides. This particular casing-stone happened to beexactly one cubit in length; and although the stones originallyforming the outside surface of the monument must have varieda great deal in their sizes (as is now known because of theunequal sizes of the long row of nineteen casing-stones laidbare within rccent years at the northern foot of the building),the fact of this presentation-stone being one cubit in lengthsuggested the thought that the cubit-length would divideinto the entire base-length the exact number of times, to theodd fraction, necessary to agree with the days in the year.But this was only the beginning. For Professor Smythhimself, and other enthusiastic students of the Pyramid,found, and still continue to find, that this wonderful edificewas constructed in such a way that its dimensions indicatethe year-length many times over, and all with mathematicalexactitude. What at first, therefore, was put forward as areasonable suggestion, is now an established certainty, namely,that the great Architect, even in those remote days of overfour thousand years ago, had absolute knowledge of theprecise day-value of the solar tropical year, to the minutest27

fraction. And not only so, but he knew how to monumentalisehis wonderful knowledge by methods beyond the originationof man; for not the greatest scientist could have thought ofthem.Tlze King's Chamber shows the Year-LengthOne of the mathematical methods by which the GreatPyramid was made to show the number of days in the year,is in the size of the King's Chamber. This grand apartment,beautifully constructed with large polished granite stones,was designed to exact geometric proportions. 'The carefulmeasurings of, first, Professor John Greaves, then of ProfessorC. Piazzi Smyth, and finally of Professor Flinders Petrie,all of whom published their figures, demonstrate that theancient Architect arranged that, (1) the length of the chambershould be exactly double its width, and (2) the height of theceiling above the floor should be exactly one-half the floordiagonal.These proportions, quite apart from measures, prove thatthe builder possessed geometric knowledge of a very highorder indeed. For instance, the famous "3, 4, 5" rightangledtriangle is built into this chamber, a feature of interest.Proportionally: the end-wall diagonal is 3, the length of thechamber is 4, and the cubic diagonal is 5. These threedimensions represent the perpendicular, base, and hypotenuse,of the right-angled triangle respectively.It was Mr. James Simpson of Edinburgh, Scotland, whoperceived this symmetric arrangement in the size of the King'sChamber, by carefully studying the measures of the apartmentpreviously published by Professor Smyth. He saw that onehalfof the chamber's width (quarter of the chamber's length),when taken as a unit of measure, gives the proportionatemeasures of all parts of the chamber, through the multiplicationby square-roots, in this way:-Half of chamber's width xsquare-root of4 gives the width.7 8 ,, x ,, ,, 5 ,, ,, height.,, ,, x , , 9 ,, ,, end-diagonal.,, >, ,, x .. .. 16 ,, ,,length.8 , 0 9x ,, ,, 30 ,, ,, floor-diagonal.7 8 ,, ,, x ,, ,, 21 ,, ,, side-diagonal.>, , x , ,, 25 ,, ,, cubid-diagonal.-And the sum is exactly = 100As for the actual number of earth-commensurable, Pyramidinches in the full width of this granite chamber, the inspiredarchitect arranged that this number should be just the exacttotal of such inches, including a very small fraction of aninch, that when multiplied by the square-root of the ratio .ir,it would agree with the precise day-value of the solar tropicalyear. (The standard width of the King's Chamber, which iswithin the limits of the practical measures taken by ProfessorsGreaves, Smyth, and Petrie, is 206 -0658+ Pyramid inches.The square-root of the ratio T is 1.7724538509+. The onemultiplied by the other equals 365.242198+, the number ofdays in the solar tropical year.) As all the dimensions of thischamber are proportioned to the width of it, through themedium of square-roots, as shown, it is appropriate that theactual measure of this width should itself be proportionedto the day-value of the year, also through the medium of asquare-root, and this square-root the highly scientific one ofthe ratio of the mathematical .ir.And when we remember that the units of measure takento represent the days in the year are those very units that arebased upon the actual size of the earth, a round, even,500,000,000 of them going to make up the length of earth'spolar axis of rotation; and that the earth in revolving onceround this axis marks off the duration of the day; and thatin completing a circle round its centre the sun it revolves onits axis 365 -242198+ times, thus marking off the durationof the solar tropical year, and that all of this is built into theGreat Pyramid's principal chamber, we can sce clear evidenceof intentional design. But no man living four thousandyears ago could have of himself known so many scientific29

truths, nor known how to monumentalise them in masonry,unless directed by a higher intelligence. And there is noman living even today who knows sufficient to execute a worklike this, unless he will acknowledge that the symmetricproportions, and the actual dimensions, of the King's Chamberagree with the polar-axial size of the earth, and the numberof days in the year.Based upon the foregoing proportions, the precise, standard,dimensions of the King's Chamber are these:Length . . . . . . .. 412.1316879208+Pyr. ins.Width . . . . . . . . 206.0658439604+ , , , .Height . . . . . . .. 230.3886174681+ ,, ,.Floor-diagonal . . . . 460.7772349363+ , , , .Side-diagonal . . . . . . 472.1561640467+ ,, ,,End-diagonal . . . . . . 309.0987659406+ , , , ,Cubic-diagonal . . . . 515.1646099010+ ., ,,Except that, in the above list, we have extended the decimalfractions, for the sake of greater accuracy in calculations,Pytamid students have now for many years accepted thesemeasures for the King's Chamber as being theoretically correct.They are all, as Professor Smyth has said, contained withinthe limits of the actual, practical, measures secured by himselfand others who have measured this chamber.The Pyramid's Interior and Exterior Dimensimsagree by a recognised proportionIn the scientific features, the Pyramid sometimes indicatesa day, or a year, by an inch, or a cubit. Sometimes, also,a day and year are indicated by an even number of inches orcubits. Thus, the length of one base-side of the monumentat the mean Socket-level, the full solar year -length is indicated,each day by one cubit. But if we take all four base-sides asrepresenting the complete cycle of the year, each day is thenindicated by an even 100 inches. Or we can say instead,that there are as many inches in the perimeter of the Pyramid'sSocket-base level, as there are days in 100 solar tropical years,making it, therefore, that each day is represented by one inch.30(In some time-features a Pyramid unit of measure mayrepresent a week, or a month, or any definite and symmetricperiod.)Now, the dinleilsions of the interior King's Chamber wereso proportioned that, by a recognised mathematical methodpeculiar to the Great Pyramid itself, these dimensions agreewith the building's exterior measures. We may, for instance,regard the length of the King's Chamber as being the diameterof a circle. When we compute the area of this particularcircle, and then make a square of exactly the same area, weshall find that the side-length of this square is as many inchesas there are cubits in the side-length of the Pyramid's Socketlevelbase. Inches in the small square are reproduced bycubits in the large one. Therefore, there are as many inchesin the side-length of the small square as there are days in thesolar year.Here, then, we have a very good example of the Pyramid'sproportionate dimensions. That is, while the size of theKing's Chamber does not agree in a direct way with the outsidesize of the building, yet we can see that the agreement isabsolutely exact in their mathematical proportions, andaccording to the Pyramid's own scale of a cubit to an inch,or other even numbers of Pyramid units.It is by means of these proportions, that the Great Pyramidwas made to prove its own dimensions.The Pyramid's Passage-Angle shows the Day-valueof the Solar Tropical YearProfessor C. Piazzi Smyth observed the angle of the Pyramid'sinterior passage-ways very carefully. He found that theascending angle of the Grand Gallery is more nearly correct,according to the indicated theory, than the angle of the otherpassages. This he explained from the fact that the buildersbestowed more care in constructing the Grand Gallery, becausethe angle of this passage was intended by them to berepresentative. The theory demands that the precise passageangleshould bc 26' 18' 9".7; and the Grand Gallery angleis only about half a minute of arc from this requirement.31

Commenting upon his observed angles of the other twopassages, the First Ascending, and Descending, ProfessorSmyth says: "One of them is more, and ;he other less, thanthe theoretical quantity; their mean, or 26' 16' 30", beingwithin 2' distance therefrom ; and looking like a case of probableerror of construction on the part of honest workmen, whoknew the right theoretical angle, and wished to hit, but hadpractical difficulty in hitting, it exactly. " The observationsof Professor Flinders Petrie confirmed those of Professor Smyth.The claim of Professor Smyth, namely, that the theoreticalangle of 26" 18' 9".7 is the one clearly intended by the Architect,is abundantly supported by the scientific features of the GreatPyramid. We have therefore no hesitation in accepting thistheoretical angle for both ascending and descending passageways.One of the first of these scientific confirmations of the angleof the Pyramid's passages to be revealed, is connected withthe length of the King's Chamber and the day-value of thesolar year. When we measure off on the floor-line of, say,the Grand Gallery a section equal to exactly twice the lengthof the King's Chamber, and regard this measured-off sectionas the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle, we shall findthat the length of the perpendicular of the triangle is as manyinches as there are days in the solar tropical year, Q.E.D. Itis manifest that if the angle at which the passage-floor riseshad been more or less than the exact 26" 18' 9".7, or if thelength of the King's Chamber were different from that whichit is found to be, the precise day-value of the year could nothave been monumentalised in the Great Pyramid by thisunique method.SECTION VTHE KING'S CHAMBER AND THE GRAND GALLERYARE RELATED PROPORTIONATELYSTILL another method by which the Great Pyramid wasmade to monumentalise the duration in days of thesolar tropical year, is in the length of the Grand Gallery.The calculation requires the recognition of the dimensionsof the King's Chamber. The longest straight measured lineof the King's Chamber, the cubic diagonal, when multipliedby the number of days in the solar tropical year, yields anumber which is exactly an even, round, 100 times the floor-length of the Grand Gallery in inches. (When we multiply515-1646-t by 365.2421+, and divide the result by 100, weget 1881 -5985-t Pyramid inches. This is the theoretical,standard, length of the Grand Gallery. But as in all thedimensions of the Great Pyramid, slightly varying measuresare permissible, and, indeed, were purposely arranged for bythe inspired architect, within limits. A measurement of apassage along the east side is found to be slightly longer orshorter along the west side. This was intended, that a littlevariation might be provided for in measures of the passage.The standard measure, founded upon a definite scientificcalculation, and supported by other calculations, is always,of course, within the limits of the practical measures.)The Vertical Height of the Grand GalleryAs the practical, measured, floor-length of the Grand Galleryis confirmed by the scientific dimensions of the King's Chamber,through the medium of the day-value of the solar year, so wefind that the precise vertical height of this passage is alsoshown by the measures of the King's Chamber,C 33

Every mar~ed section of the ascending and descendingpassage-ways has its corresponding vertical and horizontalmeasures; that is, the perpendicular, and the base-line,measures. For the floor-lines in each of these marked-offsections of the inclined passages can be considered as beingthe hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle; and hence theperpendicular and base are the vertical height, and horizontallength, of such section.If we regard the cubic diagonal of the King's Chamber asbeing the side-length of a square, the vertical height of theGrand Gallery is proportionate to it in this way: Multiplythe area of this exact square by the ratio n. The result isequal to precisely 1000 times the Grand Gallery's verticalheight. (The square of the King's Chamber's cubic diagonalmultiplied by 3.1415926535+, which is the value of T, equals833761.6480+ Pyramid inches. When we divide this byan even 1000 we get the standard vertical height of the GrandGallery. But when we multiply it by an even 100, we getthe precise area of the Great Pyramid's Socket-level squarebase in square Pyramid inches. Both of these calculations34are Q.E.D., that is, absolutely exact. They serve as goodexamples of the proportionate way in which all parts of thePyramid are related b each other; and also of the decimalsystem of the whole building's scientific design.)The Horizontal Length of the Grand GalleryBy still another proportion connected with the length of theKing's Chamber, and with the angle at which the floor of theGrand Gallery rises, we get the horizontal length of the GrandGallery.Rlark off on the inclined floor of the Grand Gallery a sectionequal to the length of the King's Chamber, and let this bethe hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle. The area of thistriangle is exactly 20 times the horizontal length of the GrandGallery. (At the precise angle at which the floor-line of theGrand Gallery is inclined, we can find the area of any rightangledtriangle, such as this, by first squaring the length ofthe hypotenuse, and then multiplying this square by theratio .1986179741+. Thus, the square of the King's Chamber'slength multiplied by this ratio, and the result divided by20, gives us the standard horizontal length of the GrandGallery, 1686.7882-+ Pyramid inches, Q.E.D.)Another way of stating this featureis as follows: Construct an isoscelesle. Make the length of itsine as many inches as there aren the solar tropical year. Makelength of its two equal sidessame number of inches as theth of the Icing's Chamber. Itwill be found that the area ofthe triangle equals precisely40 times the Grand Gallery's365 '242 + inches horizontal length.= DAYS IN SOLAR YEAR

SECTION VI0NE important scientific feature now found to beembodied in the structural proportions of the GreatPyramid (drawn attention to for the first time inVoi. I of Great Pyramid Passages, 2nd Edition), is the exactduration in days of the Swodic, or Lunar, Month, or thatperiod which the moon apparently takes to complete onerevolution round the earth. Professor C. Piazzi Smyth wasnot aware of this feature; and had he known of it, it musthave encouraged him in his well-nigh life-long work of makingknown to the world the Divine origination of the buildingof the Great Pyramid. As with all subjects that are worthwhile, the truth regarding the Great Pyramid has expanded,and has become more convincing, as year by year it has beencarefully studied, and further light brought to bear upon it.The First Ascending Passage and the Synodic MonthThe section of the Great Pyramid where the synodic monthduration in days was first found to be monumentalised, is inthe length of the First Ascending Passage. (We are indebtedto a clever student of the Great Pyramid, Hugo KarlCn ofStockholm, Sweden, for this feature.) Just as the length ofthe Grand Gallery is proportionate to the dimensions of theKing's Chamber to which it leads, through the medium of theday-value of the solar tropical year, so, by a proportion, thelength of the First Ascending Passage is related to thedimensions of the Grand Gallery to which it leads, throughthe medium of the day-value of the synodic month.And this relationship of dimensions is, in each case,37

appropriate to each part of the building; for, in the religioussymbolisms of the Pyramid, the King's Chamber representsthe heavenly inheritance and Kingdom to which the overcomingsaints of the Gospel Age laboriously ascend, the GospeI Ageitself bcing well symbolised by the Grand Gallery, while theAscending, by the aid of the side Ramps, tlte GrndGallery in the Great Pyramid of Gizclz;slzowing, also, the low doorway ofthe Horizontal Passage leadingfo the Qrccerz's ChambeyFirst Ascending Passage represents the Age during which thepeople of Israel were led under the Law "Schoolmaster" toChrist. And Jesus Christ himself is represented as standing,as it were, at the upper terminal of the First Ascending Passage,ready to aid those who were "Israelites indeed" to escape38from under the exacting requirements of the Law, illustratedso graphically by the steep, slippery, low-roofed FirstAscending Passage, and usher them into the glorious libertyof faith in the Age of Grace, pictured by the lofty GrandGallery with its side-ramps (See the first of this series of booksentitled: The Great Pyvamid: Its Spiritual Symbolism).For these "Ramps," or low stone benches, run up the wholelength of the Grand Gallery on each side of the floor. Bymeans of them one is enabled to ascend the slippery floor ofthe passage safely, and with some degree of comfort. Theseramps represent, in the symbolism of the Pyramid, the"exceeding great and precious promises" of God, by meansof which the spirit-begotten called-out ones of the GospelAge may gain the Divine spirit nature represented by theKing's Chamber.This is in marked contrast to the First Ascending Passage,in which no such aid in ascending is found, so that if oneshould slip and fall here there is nothing to hold on to, andthus nothing to prevent a rapid descent backward along thesteeply inclined floor. There was no hope held out underthe eld Law Covenant of Moses; for during that Age even asingle offence against the perfect Law of God meant condemnationto death.But the Law of Moses served as a schoolmaster to lead thepeople of Israel to Christ; and a remnant, we read, receivedJesus as the Christ, and therefore were accorded the privilegesof the Gospel Age. The rest of the nation were blinded in part,the Apostle explains, until God makes with them the NewCovenant, through the operation of which they, as well asall mankind in due time, will attain perfect life on the humanplane of being. They will become as father Adam was beforethe entrance of sin, but with greatly added experience andknowledge. By rightly exercising their experience andknowledge, restored mankind may continue to live into theAges of Glory to follow; for all the former things, sin, sickness,pain and death, will by then have passed away, and God willmake all things new.As the Old Law Covenant is symbolised by the FirstAscending Passage, so the New (Law) Covenant, in operation39

during the Millennial Age when Christ and his joint-heirswill reign in righteousness, is symbolised by the HorizontalPassage leading to the Queen's Chamber. The Queen'sChamber, in its turn, symbolises the perfect human natureto which all the repentant and willingly righteous of mankindwill ultimately attain, and maintain everlastingly.In the figures of the Scriptures, the sun represents the GospelAge, while the moon represents the Law Age of Moses.Therefore, in the proportionate dimensions of the GreatPyramid, the length of the Grand Gallery, which syrnbolisesthe Gospel Age, is appropriately connected with the solartropical year, the duration in days of earth's circuit of thesun. And the length of the First Ascending Passage, whichsymbolises the Law Age, is fittingly connected with the synodicmonth, the duration in days of the moon's apparent circuitof earth.For when we multiply the length of the Grand Gallery towhich the First Ascending Passage leads, by the number ofdays in the synodic month, and divide the result by 36, aspecial Grand-Gallery number, we get a figure equal to theexact floor-length of the First Ascending Passage. (Theprecise number of days in the synodic, or lunar, month, thatis, the mean period of days between one new moo11 and theappearing of the next new moon, is given to no less than nineplaces of decimals by Sir J. Norman Lockyer, the eminentastronomer. His figure is 29.530588715+ solar days. Thestandard length of the Grand Gallery floor-line is 188 1 .5985+Pyramid inches, as already determined. The one figure multipliedby the other, and the result divided by 36, gives us thestandard length of the First Ascending Passage, namely,1543.4642+ Pyramid inches. This is the floor-length , beginningfrom the "Point of Intersection" on the floor of theDescending Passage, and terminating at the north wall of theGrand Gallery. This standard length is within the limits ofthe actual, practical, measures of Professors Smyth andPetrie. )The Horizontal Passage leading to the Queen's Chamberand the Synodic MonthThe full floor-length of the Horizontal Passage leading tothe Queen's Chamber, like that of $he First Ascending Passage,is also regulated by the duration in days of the synodic month.But this time it is not through the medium of the Grand Gallerylength, but through the medium of the dimensions of theKing's Chamber. And this fact, namely, that the HorizontalPassage length is proportionate to the dimensions of the King'sChamber, and to the number of days in the synodic month,is in keeping with the symbolical meaning :f this passage.For, as we have explained, the Horizontal Passage representsthe New (Law) Covenant of the Millennial Age; and it isunder the righteous rulership of the Kingdom of Christ, assymbolised by the King's Chamber, that the perfect arrangementsof that New Covenant will be administered, thatrestored mankind may reach the Queen's-Chamber conditionof human perfection. Hence the Sci-iptural figure of the Law,namely, the moon, and the dimensions of the King's Chamber(which dimensions, as we have seen, depend directly uponthe earth's dimensions, and upon the duration of the solaryear), are both recognised in the length of this HorizontalPassage to the Queen's Chamber.We recall that the floor-length of the Grand Gallery isstandardised by the dimensions of the ' ~in~'s Chamber, andthe days in the solar year; that is, by the multiplication ofthe cubic diagonal of the King's Chamber by the number ofdays in the solar year, and dividing the result by an even 100.So, by the same method of proportions, the floor-length of theHorizontal passage to the Queen's Chamber is standardisedby the King's Chamber's dimensions, and the days in thesynodic month, as follows: Multiply the cubic diagonal of theKing's Chamber by the number of days ,in the synodic month,and divide the result by 10, and we get 1521.3114+ Pyramidinches as the standard length of the Horizontal Passage. Thisfloor-length is within the limits of Professor Smyth's, ProfessorPetrie's, and our own, practical measures for this passage.

SECTION VIIANOTHER important truth to be first expounded byJohn Taylor is the identification of a text in thebook of Job with the Great Pyramid of Gizeh. Andthis identification is so pointed, that it establishes the GreatPyramid, to the exclusion of all the other pyramids of Egypt,as the particular altar and pillar, sign and witness, to theLord of hosts, spoken of by the Prophet Isaiah.The text in Job reads: "Where wast thou when I laid thefoundations of the earth? declare, if thou hast understanding.Who hath laid the measures thereof, if thou knowest? or whohath stretched the line upon it? Whereupon are the socketsthereof made to sink? or who laid the corner stone thereof;when the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of Godshouted for joy ? "-Job 38 : 4-7, marginal reading.The Lord here first refers to the foundations and measuressf the earth; and then to the socket-foundations and comerstone of a building, clearly of the form of a square-basedpyramid capped with a corner-stone. It was the discoveryof four rectangular, flat-bottomed, sinkings into the roak atthe four foundational corners of the Great Pyramid, thatproves that this Pyramid is the one referred to in the 38thchapter of Job; for none of the other pyramids possesses suchsocket-foundations. It was in 1799 that the French savants,under Napoleon, discovered two of the sockets; and in 1865all four were uncovered by Messrs. Aiton and Inglis, civilengineers of Glasgow, Scotland, with the assistance of ProfessorC. Piazzi Smyth.And as the Great Pyramid of Gizeh is thus pointedly indicatedby the Lord, in connection with a primary reference to the earth42and its measures, we note a still furth&r significance in thefact that the dimensions of the Great Pyramid agree proportionatelywith the actual dimensions of the earth. Apd thisagreement is very exact, as we have alieady seen, and as weshall note by other featuih yet to be considered.Tlze Levels of the Four Corner Socket-FozlrtdatiortsCareful measuring has revealed that the floors of the fourcorner sockets of the Great Pyramid, which sockets, or sinkingsinto the rock originally contained large foundation cornerstones,each a fitting terminal to the long sloping cornerarris-lines of the immense building, are not all on one level.Each socket is cut down to a distinct level of its own. Thevertical distance between the highest and lowest of these fourlevels is nearly 17 inches, according to the levellings ofProfessor Flinders Petrie.A close mean of all four levels is that which is generallyaccepted by Pyramid students as the building's referencebase-line; and this is called the Mean Socket Level. Fromthis mean Socket-level base the vertical height of the Pyramidis reckoned. The perimeter of the monument's square baseat this Socket-level, also, corresponds in inches witti the daysin an even 100 solar tropical years.The mean Socket-level base is nearly 9 inches verticallybelow the level of the natural rock, and nearly 29g inchesvertically below the top surface of the Platform on which thebuilding's outer casing-stones immediately rest.There are therefore three distinct base-levels of the GreatPyramid, namely, the Platform-level which is the highest,the Rock-level, and the mean Socket-level. Each of thesethree levels has its own meaning in the scientific and symbolicalteachings of the Pyramid, in addition to their architecturaluse. Also, the four distinct levels of the Socket-floors arerequired to enable the Pyramid to show further scientifictruths.

SECTION VIIILIKE every dimensional feature of the Great Pyramid,the levels at which prominent parts of the structureare placed are most significant. These levels are socarefully fixed with reference to each other, that their distancesapart form still another evidence that the whole structuraldesign of the Great Pyramid was not only scientificallyintentional, but of an order far above the origination ofuninspired man.The three base levels, that is, the mean Socket-level, theRock-level, and the Platform-level, we have already spokenof in Section VII, and will refer to it again later. The levelindicated by the north edge of the Descending Passage Basementsheetis one of the prominent levels. It lies at a verticaldistance above the mean Socket-level of the building, whichagrees with the dimensions of the King's Chamber; for theprecise number of inches which separates these two definitelevels is equal to the sum of the length, and the height, of theKing's Chamber.'The ancient north-beginning of the Descending Passagefloor is situated at that level which also recognises the King'sChamber's dimensions, as well as the exact length of thePyramid cubit. This is shown by the inclined distance betweenthe Platform-level, up the casing-stone surface to the floor-edgeof the ancient Entrance. The number of inches in this inclineddistance is equal to the sum of twice the length of the King'sChamber, plus one Pyramid cubit of 25 Pyramid inches. Thisis one of the methods by which the Great Pyramid was madeto monumentalise the absolute length of the cubit, the even10-millionth part of the sem i-axis of earth 's rotation.The Queen's Chamber floor-level is very important in the45

symbolical features of the Pyramid, as well as in the scientificfeatures. Its vertical distance above the level of the northedge of the Basement-sheet of the Descending Passage, isequal to an exact 25th part of the full Socket-to-apex verticalheight of the whole Pyramid. Thus there are as many inchesin the vertical distance of the Queen's Chamber floor-levelabove the Basement-sheet north-beginning, as there are cubitsin the Pyramid's full vertical height.Still another very important level in the Pyramid is thatlevel indicated by the upper, virtual, floor-terminal of theGrand Gallery. The "Step" at the head of the Grand Galleryintervenes at this point; but the existence of the Step does notaffect the actual length of the passage, which length isdetermined by the north and south walls. The inclined floorlineof the Grand Gallery is, therefore, produced upward atthe same angle, through the Step, to the vertical line of thesouth wall. The terminal of this produced floor-line, whichmarks the end of the total floor-length of the Gallery, andcalled by Professor Flinders Petrie the "virtual floor-end, " issituated at a vertical distance above the floor-level of theQueen's Chamber which corresponds to the King's Chamber'sdimensions as follows: The total number of inches in thisvertical distance is equal to the sum of the length, width, andheight, of the King's Chamber.

SECTION IXTHE vertical distance between the mean Socket-level,and the level of the uppei floor-end of the GrandGallery, may be stated in another way to that justmentioned in Section VIII. We can say that this verticalheight is governed by the dimensions of the King's Chamber.For the sum of (1) the width, (2) twice the length, (3) thefloor-diagonal, of the Icing's Chamber, plus an exact 25thpart of the Socket-to-apex vertical height of the whole Pyramid,is equal to the vertical height of the upper end of the GrandGallery floor above the mean Socket-level base of the building.And even the 25th part of the Pyramid's vertical height isrelated to the dimensions of the King's Chamber, throughthe medium of the angle at which the passages ascend. Thisrelationship is shown by a right-angled triangle, theperpendicular of which is equal to the 25th part of thePyramid's height, and the hypotenuse being at the same angleas the Pyramid's interior passages. If we regard the length ofthis hypotenuse as the diameter of a circle, we shall find thatthe quadrant of this circle is exactly the same as the length ofthe King's Chamber. (The perpendicular of the right-angledtriangle multiplied by the natural cosecant of the passageangle, gives the length of the hypotenuse; i.e., gives thelength of that particular section of the ascending floor of thepassage. Thus, 232.5204+, multiplied by 2.256758334+equals 524.7423-I-, which is thc length of the hypotenuse.This hypotenuse regarded as the diameter of a circle, wemultiply it by the ratio 7t for the circumference; and onequarterof this circle is equal to the King's Chamber's length,Q.E.D.)Or a simpler way of showing the relationship between theD 49

vertical distance in question (i.e., from the level of the northedge of the Basement-sheet of the Descending Passage floor,and the level of the Queen's Chamber floor-line), and theKing's Chamber's dimensions, is to regard this verticaldistance, not as the perpendicular of a right-angled triangleas above, but as the length of the hypotenuse of a right-angledtriangle, this hypotenuse rising at the same angle as the passagefloors. It will be found that in this case the length of theperpendicular is exactly one-half of the width of the King'sChamber. (The hypotenuse of the right-angled trianglemultiplied by the natural sine of the passage angle, gives thelength of the perpendicular. Thus, 232.5204+, multipliedby -44311346274- equals 103.0329+, which is exactly one-halfof the King's Chamber's width. Q.E.D.)As the level of the upper floor-end of the Grand Gallery isthus very definitely fixed above the Socket-base according tothe dimensions of the King's Chamber, we would naturallyexpect to find that such an important level would indicatesome outstanding features in the Great Pyramid's teachings.Nor are we disappointed. For this very level is just at thatexact distance above the Socket-base of 'the building, thatthe perimeter of the building at this precise level agrees ininches with the number of years in tll:: great precession of theequinoxes, namely, 25,694 -35+.In his Elements of Astronomy of 1896, page 365, Sir RobertStawell Ball states the duration of the precessional cycle as25,694.8 years. Messrs. Barlow and Bryan, on page 427 oftheir work Elementary Astronomy of 1893, give the figures of theprecessional cycle as 25,695 years, which is evidently a roundnumber. It is correct to say, therefore, that the number of yearsin the precessional cycle lies between 25,694, and 25,695.Thus we find in the Great Pyramid's proportionate dimensionsthree periods of time intimately connected with man's wellbeingupon earth, namely, the period in which the earth revolvesonce round its primary the sun; the period of the moon'sapparent revolution round the earth; and the period of yearswhich the pole of the earth takes to revolve once round thepole of the heavens, that slow constant movement which isconnected with the equinoctial precession.50The year-value of the precessional cycle is monumentalisedmany times in the Great Pyramid, just as are the day-valuesof the year and the month. Because of the multiplicity ofthese indications, and their exactness, we know that theyare intentional, and that they were incorporated in the buildingby the great Master Architect to give us confidence in theother, and in many respects more important, symbolicalmessage of the Lord's stone "Witness."Not only does the number of inch-units in the perimeterof the Pyramid at the level of the upper floor-terminal of theGrand Gallery agree with the years in the precessional cycle,but the sum of the building's diagonals at the Platform-levelbase also agrees in inches with the years of the precession.The total of inches at each of these two levels, the perimeterin the one case, and the two diagonals in the other, areabsolutely the same, 25,694.35+.And if we repeat the vertical distance between these twolevels to a higher, third, level (thus making the Grand Galleryupper floor-end level midway between the Platform-level andthis other, third, level), we shall find that the sum of theperimeter, and of the two diagonals, at this third level is alsoexactly 25,694.354- Pyramid inches.Here, then, we have three distinct levels, equal distantfrom e'ach other, all yielding in a harmonious manner theexact number of earth-commensurable inches required toagree with the years in the great precession of the equinoxes.But this important astronomical period is shown by thePyramid's measures an infinite number of times, as follows:Of the three levels spoken of above, that of the upper floor-endof the Grand Gallery is exactly half-way between the othertwo. If, now, we measure the vertical distance that liesbetween the upper, third, level and the apex of the building,and fix a fourth level at exactly half-way up this vertical line,there, at this definitely fixed fourth level, the sum of theperimeter and of the two diagonals, when multiplied by 2,is also exactly 25,694 -35+ Pyramid inches.And at a fifth level, exactly half-way between the fourthand the apex of the Pyramid, the sum of the perimeter and twodiagonals, when multiplied by 4, is the same total of inches,51

25,694-35+. And so on, ad infiniturn, each succeeding higherlevel being always midway between the previous level and theapex, and the multiplying number, by which we multiplythe sum of the perimeter and diagonals of the level, beingalways double that of the previous lower level.While, as mathematicians will tell us, in so far as theproportions govern this feature, namely, lowest level thediagonals, second level the perimeter, third level the diagonalsand perimeter together, etc., all true square-based pyramidsagree ; there is only the one Pyramid in the world in whichthe measurement itself corresponds with the number of yearsin the precessional cycle. And it is in this one Pyramid onlywhere the precise number of inches necessary to agree withthe precession coincides with the diagonals of the Platformlevelbase of the building. For none of the other pyramidsin Egypt are large enough to enable their base-diagonals tocontain so many earth-commensurable inch-units, as thescientific precessional cycle feature requires.And there is only the one Pyramid in the world, the Lord'sSign and Witness in Egypt, where the perimeter and the secondlevel, agreeing with the sum of the two diagonals of the firstlevel, coincides with the time-measurement that pointsdirectly to the date 1914 A.D. For this second level, asalready seen, is fixed by the upper floor-end of thh GrandGallery, which floor-end, in the Pyramid's wonderful timemeasurements, marks the date 1914 A .I>., the most momentousyear in modern history, and one, at least, of the most importantin the entire history of mankind. It is not by accident thatthe date 1914 A.D., and the precessional cycle, are foundconnected with the same level in the Great Pyramid.SECTION XwILLIAM PETRIE, the Father of Professor FlindersPetrie, was the first to suggest that the height ofthe Great Pyramid should, in some convincingway, indicate the distance of the earth from the sun. Hebased his suggestion upon the discovery previously made,that the perimeter of the building's square Socket-level baseagrees in measure with the number of days in the solar tropicalyear (each day being represented by an even 100 inches);and also that the vertical height of the monument is equalto the radius of the circle, whose circumference is the sameas the perimeter of the square base.Because of these two facts he came to the conclusion thatthe Pyramid's topstone might very well represent the sun,and the perimeter of the base represent the orbit of the eartharound its centre the sun. The distance of the base from thePyramid's topstone would, therefore, by some geometric,or mathematical proportion, indicate the mean distance ofthe earth's orbit round the sun.This problem, the elder William Petrie found to be veryclearly monumentalised in the Great Pyramid in an ingenious,and pre-eminently characteristic Pyramid way. And thefigures are so accurate that we know that man alone couldnot have embodied this scientific feature in any building,except he had been guided by a higher intelligence. Forin the days when the Great Pyramid was erected the humanrace could not have ascertained this important truth by itsown efforts.The learned Greeks reckoned that the distance of the sunwas ten miles! Later in the world's history the distance53

was thought to be 10,000 miles; and as knowledge increasedthe sun-distance estimates grew. But even the astronomerKepler did not guess it to be more than 36-million miles!The extraordinary preparations now made by all the governmentsof the world to secure accurate observations from various partsof the earth, has resulted in the estimates of the sun-distancebeing narrowed down to what must be a very close approximationto the actual mean number of miles.The celebrated astronomer, Richard A. Proctor, estimatedthe mean distance of the earth from the sun to be about91,850,000 British statute miles. This very careful estimateis as close as scientific men may hope to reach by their ownactivities in astronomy. For it is an estimate of the meandistance, that is, the mean between the maximum distancecalled the aphelion, and the minimum distance called theperihelion, and allowing for the fluctuation within limits ofthese two distances from year to year.We consider that the estimate of Richard A. Proctor forthe mean sun-distance is close to the actual, or true, mean;for it is close to the Pyramid's scientific indication of thisdistance. For our understanding is that the Great Pyramidfurnishes the figures for the true mean distance of the earthfrom the sun, just as it furnishes the figures of the true meansolar tropical year-duration in days, and of the synodic month,as well as the number of years in the precession of the equinoxes.The Great Pyramid's indication of the mean sun-distanceis 91,837,578 British statute miles. Richard A. Proctor'sestimate of 91,850,000 miles is only about 12,000 miles more,a difference which is negligible in such an immense number ofmiles. It is evident, also, that Proctor's figures are statedin a round number, which is always thought to be sufficientlyaccurate when dealing with great totals.The method by which the Great Pyramid indicates the meansun-distance is very simple, and the calculation is entirelyrepresentative of this wonderful monument. The apextopstone represents the sun, and the Socket-level baserepresents the earth. Therefore, the actual vertical distancebetween the Pyramid's apex and the Socket base yields theactual figures which express the distance between the sun54and the earth. For when we multiply the Pyramid's Socketto-apexvertical height by the grand number of a round1000-millions, we have the required sun-distance.A round, even, 1000-million times the Pyramid's verticalheight is 5,813,010,134,372 Pyramid inches. To convertthis Pyramid-inch measure into its corresponding value inBritish statute miles, for comparison with the estimates ofastronomers, we divide the Pyramid inches by .999 to getthe number of British inches. By the usual rule theBritish inches are converted to British statute miles, thenumber of which is, as given above, 91,837,578.

SECTION XI0RIENTATION, when applied to a building, ineansthe direction of its sides with reference to the cardinalpoints of the compass. Buildings erected forastronomical purposes are carefully oriented. ProfessorC. Piazzi Smyth took observations at and around the GreatPyramid, to test if its sides lay due north and south, eastand west. These observations demonstrate that the centralmeridian line north and south of the Pyramid deviate onlyabout 5' (five minutes of arc) west from the direction of thetrue astronomical north. And Professor Flinders Petrie'slater, and more numerous, observations confirm the accuracyof Professor Smy th 's result.Both Professors Smyth and Petrie found that the amountof deviation west of the true north, Sf, is also observable inthe meridional line of the Second Pyramid, which lies closeto the Great Pyramid. As the Second Pyramid was built soonaftrr the Great Pyramid, it is possible that its builders usedthe original Pyramid as their model in some respects. Asthe deviation from the true north is exactly the same in bothbuildings, Professors Smyth and Petrie came to the conclusionthat, originally, the orientation of these monuments whenconstructed over four thousand years ago was absolutely exact,the four sides pointing due north, south, east and west. Thesmall amount of deviation of only 5' now observable theyattribute to the slow and progressive change in the crust ofthe earth.This change in the crust of the earth (but not in the axis ofthe earth's rotation, which will never change-Genesis 8: 22;Ecclesiastes 1 : 4) is so slow that, if it is maintained constantlyin the same direction, it will take nearly 50,000 years to make56one degree (lo) of dcviation between the Great Pyramid'smeridional line and the true astronomical meridian.As Professor Smyth points out, no builder could ever orientthe sides of a monument with the aid of the magnetic compass;for the magnetic north is many degrees away from the truenorth. To accurately lay the four sides of the Great Pyramiddue north, south, east and west, as they were originally,necessitated either the knowledge of exact scientific astronomy,or the knowledge that can be communicated by Divineinspiqation. The Great Pyramid gives many evidences ofDivine supervision, both in its dimensions, and in its exactlocation on earth.

SECTION XI1LOWER EGYPT lies within the confines of the Delta ofthe Nile. The delta is rather of a sector shape, thecoastal line on the Mediterranean Sea forming thecurve of a quarter circle.The chief hydrographer to the United States Coast Surveyin 1868, Mr. Henry Mitchell, was impressed with the'regularityof the circular coast-line of Lower Egypt, and wondered if hewere to complete the circle where the centre of it would fall.With the aid of a good map and a pair of compasses he "triedout" his idea, and was greatly interested to discover that thecentre of the circle which evenly swept all the prominent coastalpoints of Egypt's sector-shaped land, coincided with theactual site of the Great Pyramid!Because thus standing at the sectorial centre of cultivatedLower Egypt, and at the same time on the very edge of thegreat uncultivated desert which reaches out from it to the south,east and west, the Great Pyramid was seen by Mr. Mitchellto wonderfully fulfil the peculiar requirements of Isaiah'sprophecy. For the "altar" and "pillar" spoken of by theprophet was to be at one and the same time both in the midst,or centre, of the land of Egypt, and at the border thereof!(See Isaiah 19: 19, 20).And not only is the Great Pyramid in the practical governingcentre of Lower Egypt's fan-shaped land, it also marks thecentre of the land-surface of the whole earth. For, as ProfessorC. Piazzi Smyth points out, its location on the 30th degreenorth latitude, and the 3Ist degree longitude east of Greenwich,places the building in that unique position. There is moreland-surface in both its meridian and its latitude than in anyother meridian and latitude. Its nether meridian, i.e., the59

longitude continuous with it on the other side of the earth,has its whole length through water except for a short distancenear Behring Straits.Professor Smyth claimed, therefore, that the Meridian ofthe Great Pyramid is the natural zero of longitude for allnations, much more suitable than the artificially fixed zerosof either Greenwich or Paris.But the wonders connected with the geographical positionof the Lord's Sign and Witness by no means end here. Weare only beginning to have them revealed to us.

The Scrifitures Connect Bethlehem with EgyptThis angle-connection of the centre of Egypt's sector-shapedland with Bethlehem we now see is more appropriate than ifthe line had run to Jerusalem; for in the Great Pyramid'ssymbolical teaching the Descending Passage represents, notonly the downward course of the human race into the death-stateascension from earth to heaven ; as we read : "He that descended,is the same also that ascended up far above all heavens, thathe might fulfil all things" (Ephesians 4: 9, 10). When Jesusdescended to earth he was born as a Man-child in the city olBethlehem; and from Bethlehem he was carried by Josephand his mother Mary into Egypt to escape the fury of Herod.This, thc Scriptures declarc, was done that it might bc fulfilledThe I~escending Passage of the Great Pyramid ofGiaelr. trs viezucd front inside tlre lowerope~zi~zgof tltc IVell-shaft, looking east : showingits steepness.'und its low roofowing to Adam's original sin of disobedience, but also thedescent of Jesus from heaven to earth. And the AscendingPassage, being at the same angle upward as the DescendingPassage is downward, represents our Lord's subsequent647 he L)cacoztlirtg Pnsstrge of tlrc (;reat Pyramido,f Cizeh : sltou~irrg in the IVest wall thelotc-er 0~eltillg 0.f Ihc IVclL-sltlrftwhich was spokcn of the Lord by the prophet Hosea: "Out ofEgypt haw I called my son" (See Matthew, 2nd chapter).It is gerlcrally acknowledged that in Scriptural usage Canaan,symbolises heayen, and Egypt the present cvil world. Thuswhen Jews was sent from Bethlehem into Egypt, it illustratesE 65

the heavenly Father sending His beloved Son from the gloryof heaven into this world of sin and sofrow to be "perfectedthrough sufferings," and so become qualified to be installedas the Headstone of the Great Antitypical Pyramid of God'sglorious Plan of Salvation, of which the stone Pyramid inEgypt is the figure (See Acts 4: 10-12).The Pyramid-to- Bethlehem Distance and tliePeriod of 2138 YearsNot only does the angle-line connection between Bethlehemand the Great Pyramid, Egypt's centre, agree wlth thepassage-anglc of the Pyramid, but the actbal distance betweenthese two places on the earth's surface agrees most wonderfullywith the period of years which elapsed between the date ofthe building of the Pyramid in Egypt, and the birth of theMan Christ Jesus in Bethlehem.This interesting feature was suggested to us by Sir CharlesW. F. Craufurd, Bart., of Ayrshire, Scotland. Its actualsolution he left to us, believing that with our more completedata, we might be able to convincingly prove the truth ofhis idea. Nor was he willing to set aside this idea, but overa long period he continued to lay it before us, hoping thatultimately a solution would be found. By the leading ofthe Lord, we are persuaded, we were enabled to solve theproblem to the satisfaction of Sir Charles Craufurd andourselves; and we are confident that All students will agree,when once they grasp the true significance of this feature,that no better way of indicating the dates of the buildingof the symbolical Great Pyramid, and the birth of the ManChrist Jesus 2138 years later, could well have been devised.And when later, in the 3rd volume of Great Pyramid Passages,we show the still further development of the Pyramid-to-Bethlehem line, proving that it embodies a large numberof important scientific features, both connected with the GreatPyramid itself, and also with the earth and its rotation roundthe sun, etc., every one who can claim to have their eyes openwill admit that this line is /the most wonderful and mostitnportant straight line on, literally, the face of the earth!66In the present small treatise we could not hope to do justiceto the various features connected with the Pyramid-Bethlehemdistance to which we refer above. We shall here, however,give the explanation of the problem we speak of, as well as anadditional one, which is directly related to the subject-matterof this treatise.The geographical mile-length, indicated in the direct distancebetween the Great Pyramid and Bethlehem, is found to bemonumentalised iri the dimensions of the Great Pyramiditself. For, twice the perimeter of the Pyramid's squarebase at the level of the leuelled natltrnl rock, is precisely onegeographical mile. Bccause this mile-16ngth is esactlycontained .in the base-measure of the Great Pyramid (andnot in the base-measures of the other pyramids in Egypt, asnone of them is large enough to contain it), we shall speakof it as the "Pyramid mile," just as we speak of the Pyramidinch and the Pyramid cubit.As Bethlehem is a city, and hence covers a greater area thanthe Pyramid, it follows that inore than one straight-lineddistance, within limits, connect these two locations. It isthe recognition of this self-evident fact that makes it possiblefor the Pyramid-Bethlehem line to embody a number ofdifferent features with exactness. The calculations showthat the limits of distance lie approximately between 2334and 232B Pyramid miles.A Pyramid mile contains 2917.467+ Pyramid cubits, or6084-141+ British feet. This value for the length of thePyramid mile, as indicated by the Great Pyramid's Rock-levelbase, practically corroborates the estimated length of thepresently accepted Standard Geographical Mile, being barelya foot and a half more: There is every reason to believe that,as in other scientific matters, the Great Pyramid presents theworld with the accurate value of earth's geographical mile.(NOTE: It was after our having discovered the Great Pyramid'sexact indication of the length of the geographical mile duringour studies of the building's various dimensions, that wenoted Professor Flinders Petrie's reference to the same feature.Professor Petrie, however, merely draws attention to the close67

agreement between his own estimated base-side length of thePyramid to the Standard Geographical Mile, without pressingthe investigation iurther to its logical conclusion. But it isinteresting to find that this correspondency did not escapethe astute observation of this eminent Egyptologist, eventhrough he apprehended it in an approximate way only.)The precise period of years intervening between the datesof the erecting of the Great Pyramid, and the birth of the ManChrist Jesus in Bethlehem, Autumn of the year 2140 R.C. inthe one case, and Autumn of the year 2 B.C. in the other, is2138. Taking a direct distance between ,the Pyramid andBethlehem of 233.266+ Pyramid miles, which is within theabove-noted limits of distance, and converting these milesinto Pyramid cubits, we find that the total number of cubitscorresponds with the year-period by the following characteristicPyramid method of calculating :Regard the direct straight-lined distance as the diameterof a circle, and divide the circumference of the circle by an even,round, 1000. The result of this calculation yields precisely21%. That is to say, every even 1000 Pyramid cubits measuredround the circumference of the circle, of which the straight-linedistance between the Pyramid and Bethlehem is the diameter,equals one solar tropical year, and there are precisely 2138such 1000-cubit divisions of the circle. Or still another wayof expressing this feature, is to reckon that a small circlehaving a circumference of exactly a round 1000 cubits representsone year. If we placed a row of such small 1000-cubit circlesside by side in a straight line, it would take exactly 2138 ofthem to reach from the Great Pyramid to Bethlehem. (Thenumber 10 is the basic number of the Pyramid; and multiplesof 10, and divisions of 10, arc definite factors in the scientificdimensions of the building. The fact that an even 1000 [or10 x 10 x 101 cubits represents in this feature one solar tropicalyear, is thoroughly characteristic of the Pyramid, as is alsothe very frequent use of the ratio z, the ratio between a circleand its diameter.)

The Pyramid-to-Retlzlelzem Distance and thePeriod of 1915 YearsWhen thc foretold birth of the world's Saviour took placeat the foreknown (to God) date, at the close of the first periodof 2138 solar tropical years, the other most important periodthen began to run its course, namely, the 1915 solar tropicalyears till Autumn of the year 1914 A.D. The three dates whichdefine the durations of these two exact periods are all relatedto each other in a very convincing way; or, rather, the eventswhich occurred at these three dates are related.Autumn of the year 2140 B.C. saw the completion of thebuilding-operations on the Great Pyramid (and 2170 B.c.,30 years earlier, probably saw the commencement of theseoperations; for Herodotus informs us that the Pyramid took30 years to complete). This date, 2140 B.c., is monumentalisedin the dimensions of the Pyramid, and is proved to be correctin a number of ways, as we shall see later.As completed, the Great Pyramid stood a symbol of JesusChrist, perfect in every particular, for there is no geometricfigure which can represent perfection-of-being so well as thepyramid form. And while thus standing complete in themidst of the land of Egypt, and at the border thereof, thePyramid in its outward perfection symbolised not only ChristJesus personally, it also symbolised his body-members withhim. For the Scriptures that speak of our Lord as the chiefCorner-stpne, also liken the members of his body, his jointheirsof the Kingdom, to "living stones" built up to him astheir heavenly head-stone. The Great Pyramid, therefore, asit stood complete with top-stone and casing-stones in the year2140 B.c., was a beautiful symbolical figure of the Christ,head and body, united as one. Internally, also, the completedPyramid embodied by means of its measures, angles andsymbols, every detail of the glorious Plan of God, pointingspecially to the Kingdom of Christ as the hope of the world.And in Autumn 2 B.c., the Man Christ Jesus was duly borninto the world, and was proclaimed both Saviour and King,and later was declared to be the head of the Church his body.Then, after he himself had been glorified, the members of his70body began to be separated from the world. And during thewhole Gospel Age this work of selection has been carried tocompletion, until in 1914, at the termination of 1915 years,the second period, He took to Himself his great'power andbegan his reign as-earth's invisible King, his joint-heirs beingwith him, not excepting those who are "alive and remain, "the members of the "feet of him" who stand upon the mountains(the kingdoms), publishing the glad tidings, proclaimingsalvation, and proclaiming that Christ has indeed begun hisreign of righteousncss. It is to this mission of the "feet, " orlast members of the Church in the flesh, who will declare uponthe mountains the reign of Christ begzrn, that Isaiah 52: 7 refers.(See Vol. I1 of Stztdies in the Scri@tures, page 142. )It should not be surprising, therefore, to find that thePyramid-Bethlehem distance not only indicates the first periodof 2138 years, but also the succeeding period of 1915 years.And this it does in a similar way, but along a different, thoughharmoniously-connected, line; because the second period isshorter than the first (compare the two diagrams on pages62 and 68).In this instance the direct line connecting the Pyramid andBethlehem is to be regarded as the hypotenuse of a right-angledtriangle. The angle at which this hypotenuse rises from thebase of the triangle is the same as the passage-angle of thePyramid, namely, 26O 18' 9".7, as already proved. Thebase-line of this right-angled triangle is the parallel of latitudeon which the Great Pyramid is built. The perpendicular ofthe triangle is the parallel of longitude of the city of Bethlehem.The kngth of the hypotenuse, i.e., the distance between thePyramid and Bethlehem., is in this feature 233.066+ Pyramidmiles, or about a 5th of a mile less than the distance whichindicates the 2138-year period.. This shorter length for thehypotenuse is still well within the city's precincts.As in the former feature, so here also, we convert the Pyramidmiles into the corresponding value in cubits. But in thiscase we do not use the hypotenuse-length directly, but thebase-line kngth of the right-angled triangle connected withthis hypotenuse; for, as we said, the period of years to beindicated is shorter. Thus, regarding the base-side length71

as the diameter of a circle, it will be found that the circumferenceof this circle is as many times an even 1000 Pyramid cubits(i.e., 1915 x 1000), as there are years between the birth of theMan Christ *Jesus in Bethlehem, and the date Autumn of theyear 1914 ~.b., when the great Antitypical Spiritual Pyramidof God, of which the Pyramid of stone in Egypt is the figure,is complete, head and body; or with thc "living-stones" inalignment with their heavenly head-stone, even to the feetmemberswho are yet on earth doing their neccssnry sharein present Kingdom work.SECTION XIV'E have seen how wonderfully related to each otherare the dimensions of the King's Chamber, andthe other parts of the Great Pyramid, We havealso noted that this chamber's exact size indicates the preciseduration in days of the solar tropical year. And. we haveclearly perceived that all of these proportionate measures mustbe reckoned in earth-commensurable units, that is, in Pyramidcubits and inches.It is therefore very stimulating to our faith in the Divineorigination of the Great Pyramid to find that, the cubicalcapacity of this noble granite chamber agrees with the lengthof earth's axis of rotation in the scale of 25 to 1, or in inchesin the Icing's Chamber, and cubits in earth's polar axis. Foras half of the polar axis of rotation measures exactly a round10-million Pyramid cubits of 25 Pyramid inches each, so thecubical capacity of half of the King's Chamber is almost around 10-million Pyramid inches.The amount of cubical inch'es by which one half of thecapacity of thc chamber is short of the cxact, cvcn, 10-millions,is just that number which enables the dimensions of thischamber LO indicate the day-value of the Lunar Year of 12Synodic months. The method by which this lunar-yearindication is calculated is an integral part of the Pyramid'sscientific system of proportions; it is proved to be anintended fea.ture in the building's dimensions, becaiise it occursfrequently, as we shall see.

Tlze Granite Walls of the King's ChamberThe King's Chamber has, in a sense, two distinct heights:(I) the direct floor-to-ceiling height, and (2) the height of thegranite walls. .For the four walls of the chamber dip downbelow the level of the floor to the extent of about 5 inches.At this distance below the floor-level the granite walls reston linlestone; and as the whole of the apartment is constructcdof granite, thc fact that its walls dip below the floor-level auniform distance all round, it may be said there is a second,greater, height to the chamber, namely, that of the granitewalls alone. Both first and second heights are required inthe scientific features of the monument.The first, or floor-to-ceiling height of the King's Chamberis equal to exactly one-half of the floor-diagonal, as alreadynoted. This first height is an essential dimension of thechamber, and must therefore be regarded as a fixed measure inthe Pyramid. The second, or granite-wall, height is 4.8546+inches more than the first height, or 235.2432-t Pyramidinches in all. Each of the four walls of the chamber is composedof five masonry courses, and each of these courses is of oneuniform height. The height of every stone used in theconstruction of the Icing's Chamber's four walls, therefore,is an exact fifth-part of the total vertical height of the walls.Each of the five wall-courses is thus 47.0486+ Pyramid incheshigh.The Lunar-Year Duration indicated by theKing' s ChamberCHAMBERReckoning with the second, or granite-wall height, thecubical capacity of half of the King's Chamber is, in cubicPyramid inches, 9,989,165 .06348+. (See the length andwidth of the King's Chamber on page 30. When calculating,allowance must be made for a little extra in the results, asindicated by the plus [-+I sign in the dimensions.) Now,this cubical Pyramid-inch capacity of half of the King'sChamber is nearly 11,000 short of the exact 10-million. Butthe precise shortage is just that exact number of inches that75

enables the chamber to indicate the day-value of the lunaryear of 12 synodic 'months in the following proportionate way:The shortage under the even 10-million inches is 10,834,93651 + .Wcmdivide this shortage by 8, and deduct from the result aneven 1000. The remainder is 354.367061- ; and this, accordingto the best astronomical estimates, is the number of days inthe lunar year. (The day-value of the synodic month, 12 ofwhich make a lunar year, is noted on page 40. )Another way of stating this feature of the King's Charnheris: l'o the cubical capadity of half of the King's Chamber addas many inches as there are days in the lunar year multipliedby 8, and a round 1000 cubic inches multiplied by 8. Theresultant sum is exactly 10 millions of cubic Pyramid inches.fie Ratio n in the Dimensions of theKing's ChamberBecause of this cubical capacity of the King's Chambcr, asdetailed above, the length and height of the granite wall onthe north, or south, side of the chamber is such, that thecomplete circuit, or perimeter of this wall bears the sameproportion to the length of the chamber, as the circumferenceof a circle bears to its diameter. Or, in other words, if thecomplete circuit of the north side wall, reckoning with thesecond height of the chamber, he divided by the r a t' lo 7i, weget the length of that wall. (With the climensions givenabove, this proportionate feature does not yield the length ofthe chamber absolutely Q.E.D., but practically so; for thefigures come to within less than a 250-tl~ousandth part of aninch of the precise theoretical length, or correct to five placesof decimals.)Tlze Precessional Cycle Duration indicated by tlzrKi~zg' s ChamberAnother feature shown by the circuit of the King's Chamber'sside walls is their indication of the number of years in thegreat cycle of the precession of the equinoxes. This featurerequires the recognition of the Pyramid's basic number 10.76We find that this niimbcr 10, which is the complete number,enters very largely as a factor in the Pyramid's scientific andsymbolic indications. As Professor C. Piazzi Smyth pointsout, the etymological n~eailirig of the word "pyramid" is,literally, "division of ten. "The precessional cycle indication is shown thus: From theperimeter of the granite north side wall of the King's Charrlber,that is, 1294.74986-1 Pyramid inches, deduct 10. Multiplythe remainder by 10. As this pertains to the north wall of thechamber, double the result to include the south ~7all as well.The resultant sum is as many inches as there arc ycars in theprecession, namely, 25,694,9974-. As hitherto sl~own, theyear-value of tht, prrctssional cycle is bctwecn 25,694, and25,695.The Second Height of the King's Chamber and theGrand Gallery's Floor-lengtlzIt will be noticed that in thc calculations for the even10-million feature of the King's Chamber, we used as one ofthe factors the number 8. The number 8 we find is frequentlyrequired in thc Scientific features. When we multiply thesecond, or granite-wall, height of the King's Chamber bj7 8,wc get, to within about a 3rd of an inch, thc floor-length of theGrand Gallery. For eight times the second height is 1881.9459+inches, while the theoretically correct, or standard, length ofthe Grand Gallery is 1881.5985+ Pyramid inches..tl,tzotlzer I7zdicati07z of the SoLnr Year DuvatiorzWhen wc regard the 10th part of the cubic diagonal of theKing's Chamber (reckoning this time with the first height ofthc chamber) as the diameter of a sphere, and calculate thenumber of cubic Pyramid inches in this sphere, we find thatthis number agrees with the number of days in 196 solar tropicalyears. The esact number of cubic inches in the sphere is171,587 .-l1569+, while the number of days in 196 solar years is171,58747093-+. The difference is little more than a 20th.part 1-1f a day ;n the full 196 years.77

The precise number of days in 196 solar tropical years isshown by the total number of inches in twice the perimeter ofthe Great Pyramid, at that level above the Socket-level basewhich is equal to the length of the Ante-Chamber (98 x 2 = 196).The standard length of the small Ante-Chamber is 116-2602026+Pyramid inches; and this is the diameter of the circle, whosecircumference is as many inches as there are days in the solartropical year, 365 2421986+.Another Irzdication of the Lunar Year DuratiouThere are many ways by which the Great Pyramid'sdimensions indicate their correspondencies with scientifictruths. Some are indirect indications as we have seen, othersare direct. But whether direct or indirect, all are in keepingwith the py;amid1s own system of proportions, and all areconvincingly exact; for where the correspondencies are notabsolute (but the most important ones are exact), the differencesin the results are barely noticeable.There is another way in which the Icing's Chamber'sdimensions yield the lunar year duration; and although thisindication is by means of a proportion, it is more direct thanthe one already noted. In this instance we require to recognisethe existence of the single inch-unit, the even 500-millionthpart of earth's axis of rotation.Any one dimension of the King's Chamber takes into accountall of the chamber's dimensions, as all are dependent uponone another (See top of page 29). The basis for the calculationis in this instance the length of the side diagonal, given onpage 30. Regard three times the side diagonal, plus oneinch, as the perimeter of a square. The side-length of thissquare in Pyramid inches is, to within less than a 17-thousandthpart of an inch, equal to the number of days in the lunar yearof 12 synodic months. Except for the infinitesimal fractionof an inch the agreement is exact, being correcL to four placesof decimals. (Three times the side diagonal of the King'sChamber, plus one inch, equals 1417.468492+ Pyramid inches.The fourth part of this total is the side-length of the square,namely, 354.367123+ ; while the days in the lunar year number78354.367064+. The difference is only .000058+ of an inch,or less than a 17-thousandth part. The side diagonal onwhich this lunar year indication is based is calculated withthe chamber's first, or floor-to-ceiling, height. )The addition of a single inch to the total of inches in threetimes the side diagonal, to make the agreement exact, is oneof the ways by which the Great Pyramid points to the earthcommensurableinch-unit. In the feature on page 45 wenoted how the precise length of the earth-comn~ensurablecubit is also pointed to in a similar way. We shall noticeother examples as we proceed.

SECTION XVHEN it is seen that all the various dimensions ofthe Great Pyramid were designed to bear harmoniousproportions Po one another, our confidence in thetime-measurements and symbolical features based upon thesedimensions is strengthened. These geometric and mathematicalproportions prove, at least, that our deductions as to the truemeaning and teachhg of the Great Pyramid are leasonable.Somc of these harmonies, of which there are many throughoutthe building, appear at first to be almost accidental ; but asour knowledge of the syste~n of measures on which thc designof the monument is based increases, we become less and lessinclined to believe that there is anything of an accidentalnature connected with thc Pyramid. We begin to perceive,instead, that these harmonies exist because of the uniquedesign of the entire building. They arc the little parts bf whichthe whole grand edifice is composed. Just as there is beailtyin the general outward aspect of the monument, so there isbeauty in every detail, both in the actual material buildingitself, but especially in its geometric and mathematical truth,and in its symbolisms.The King's Chamber and its DimensionsGovern the whole PyramidProfessor C. Piazzi Smyth has well said of the noble King'sChamber, with its beautifully squared and levelled blocks ofdark polished granite, that it is the chief apartment in theGreat Pyramid, the one "to which, and for which, and towardwhich, the whole edifice was originally built." It is aremarkable fact that the King's Chamber, in its dimensions,80governs the dimensions of all other parts of the building,either directly, or indirectly. Some of these connectionswe have already noted, and we shall draw attention to othersas we develop our subject.The basic number of the Pyramid, as we know, is 10. Thisis the complete number, for when we have counted up to 10we must^ begin again. The number 8 enters very often intothe Pyramid's scientific proportions, and so also does 7, theperfect number. Besides denoting perfection the number7 is, in the Scriptures, specially connected with time.The understanding of the Great Pyramid, in its geometricand mathematical aspect, is largely an understanding ofnumbers. So far as we are able, we prefer to know the reasonfor the frequent use of certain numbers in the proportionatefeatures of the Pyramid. The use of some of them, a?, forinstance, 10, and 7, seem obvious, but the use of some othersare not so clear at first. It is only as our comprehension of thewhole teaching of the Pyramid comes through study, that weperceive meaning in all of the numerical features of the building.We have noticed the use of the number 3, in that feature inthe King's Chamber which indicates the day-value of thelunar year (See page 78). Whatever other meaning may attachto this number, we can call it the triangular number,representing the three equal sides of an equilateral triangle.4 may be considered to be the square number; and 5 is provedto be the "sacredJ' number of the Great Pyramid. But as wedeal with the particular features where such numbers enteras factors, we shall speak of them more fully.With the dimensions of the King's Chamber as we haveused them in all the features referred to so far (See page 30 forthese dimensions), we find that the cubical capacity ofthe lowest, first-wall-course section of the chamber, is3,583,380.4698+ cubic Pyramid inches. The height of thefirst wall-course, measuring from the floor-level, is less thanthe height of the other four wall-courses above, because thisfirst course dips down below the floor-level 4-8546+ inches,as mentioned on page 75. The cubical capacity of the lowersection of the chamber, therefore, between the level of thefloor and the level of the top of the first wall-course (for theF 81

masonry joint between the first and second courses runsalong the chamber's four walls at a uniform level), is lessthan it would have been had the walls rested directly on thefloor, instead of dipping down below the floor in the mannerdescribed. The level of the floor has been so adjusted withreference to the top of the lowest wall-course, that the numberof cubic inches contained within the confines of these twolevels is equal to, first, one half of a round '/-millions, and,second, an even 100 times the vertical height of the approachingGrand Gallery, to within about a 25th part of an inch of thetheoretical standard vertical height. We do not considerthis correspondency to be of itself of great importance, but itis an example of those harmonious details of which we speak.If we take the length of the King's Chamber as being theside-length of a perfect cube, the number of cubical inches inthis cube is almost an exact, round, 70-millions. (Thecontents of the cube is about 1609 inches more than the exact70-millions. A length for the chamber of less than a 300thpart of an inch short of the precise standard length, wouldmake the contents of the cube the exact 70,000,000 cubicinches. )The Floor-Level ofthe King's ChamberThe floor of the King's Chamber is on a higher level in thebuilding than the level touched by the upper terminal of theGrand Gallery. It was an earnest Bible student of Glasgow,Scotland, Mr. Adam Rutherford, who first directed ourattention to the fact that the perimeter of the Great Pyramidat the level of the King's Chamber's floor could not agree ininches with the years in the precessional cycle. In our earliereditions of the volumes of Great Pyramid Passages, to whichhe referred, we had merely quoted the words of ProfessorC. Piazzi Smyth in this connection, without at that timetesting his calculations. But we see now that the calculationsof Professor Smyth are wrong as applied to the King's Chamberfloor-level, and the mean Socket-level diagonals; but are right,as Mr. Rutherford showed, when applied to the level of theupper floor-end of the Grand Gallery, and the Platform-level82diagonals. The beauty of the Great Pyramid's indicationsis always more apparent when we can ascertain the truemeasurements, or the correct method of applying themeasurements.There is an appropriate. proportionate, harmony betweenthe two levels (i.e., the King's Chamber floor-level, and theupper floor-end of the Grand Gallery), as shown by thefollowing calculation, in which the perfect number 7 is theprominent factor. The upper terminal of the Grand Galleryfloor marks the end of the 1915-inch time-measurement, andthe dimensions of the King's Chamber also indicate this 1915period of years (See the companion brochure of this seriesentitled : The Great Pyramid : Its Time Features). It isappropriate, therefore, that the difference between the twolevels in question should yield an indication of the 1915 years.This 1915-year indication is contained in the number ofcubic inches which lie within the limits of the two levels,the vertical distance between which is 6.61713- inches. Theproportion is: Take an even I-millionth part of the numberof cubic inches in the masonry of the building between thelevel of the upper floor-end of the Grand Gallery, and thefloor-level of the King's Chamber. Multiply this millionthpart by 7, and add 7. The result is 1915.189+. (Thetotal number of cubic inches between the two levels is272,598,502.5526+, according to the standard measures ofevery part of the Pyramid.)The to#-surface ievel of the StefiBy still another proportion the level of the King's Chamber'sfloor indicates the 1915-year period, thus again pointing tothe momentous year 1914 A.D., the date of the King's entryinto his Kingdom. This indication is connected with thesize of the "Step" at the head of the Grand Gallery.The top surface of the Step is on a lower level than the floorof the King's Chamber, to the extent of about 2 of an inch,or, more particularly, -765793- of an inch. This Step-levelis geometrically related to the vertical height of the GrandGallery, and to the area of the Socket-level square base of the83

whole Pyramid. For the vertical distance between the topsurface of the Step, and the apex of the building, is equal tothe side-length of a square, the area of which square is preciselyone-fifth of the area of the Pyramid's Socket-level square base.Another way of expressing the geometric position of theThc great Stefi at the hcad of the Gralzd Galkry of the GreatPyramid of Gizeh; showing the two side Rampsterminating ugainst the Northern face of theStep : and the low #assage leadine to the0 --Ante and Ir'lng's ?lzn,ttbersStep-level is: Twice the vertical height of the Grand Gallery,multiplied by an even 10-thousand, equals the area of a square,the side-length of which is equal to the vertical height of thePyramid's apex above the top surface of the Step at the headof the Grand Gallery. And the area of this particular square,also, is as many inches as there are days in the square of the85

solar tropical year, multiplied by 125. (A11 of thesecorrespondencies are, of course, mathematically exact, andare related to one another.)The actual vertical distance, then, from the upper surfaceof the Step to the building's apex, is 4083-53192+ Pyramidinches. And as the vertical distance between the level of theGrand Gallery's upper floor-end and the apex is 4089-38327+inches (being equal to the radius of the precessional cycle),it follows that the vertical distance between the upper floor-endof the Grand Gallery, and the top of the Step, is 5.85135+Pyramid inches.Now, the dates 1874 and 1914 A.D. are both indicated in, aconnected way by the Step-height, and by the higher level ofthe King's Chamber floor-line. The Step projects into theGrand Gallery 61 inches, as all Pyramid students know, andits front-riser height is 36 inches. As has been pointed outby many writers on the Pyramid, the 36-inch riser representsthe yard-length, while the length of the top surface of thisStep, from north to south, is equal to the sum of the yard,and the cubit, 36+25 =61 inches. These measures are correctas expressing the dimensiohs of the Step in round figures. Theaccurate Pyramid-inch measures are: Length, from northedge of Step to the south wall of the Gallery, 60-95946+,and front-riser height, 35.98297+. Or up to the levelproduced floor-line of the King's Chamber, the front-riserheight is 36-74877-1- Pyramid inches. These measures arecorrect according to the mean of the careful practical measuresof Professor Flinders Petrie.The front-riser of the Step may be said to form theperpendicular of a right-angled triangle, if we produce theinclined floor-line of the Grand Gallery upward through themasonry of the Step, till it reaches the level of the top surfaceof the Step. The top level of the Step will then be the baselineof the triangle, and the produced floor-line of the GrandGallery (with its upward angle of 26" 18' 9".7) is the hypotenuse.This right-angled triangle indicates the 1874 A.D. date by thefollowing proportion: Multiply the sum of the three sides ofthe triangle by the square of the ratio n, and we get1875-0789-1- Pyramid inches. And if we take the front-riser86of the Step up to the produced level of the King's Chamberfloor as the length of the perpendicular of the right-angledtriangle, the sum of the three sides of this slightly greatertriangle, when multiplied by the square of the ratio n, yields1914.9849+ Pyramid inches.These two results are, practically, 1875, and 1915, inchesrespectively. They represent the two period of years from thebirth of earth's King in Bethlehem in Autumn 2 B.c., to, first,Autumn of the year 1874 A.D. when Christ came again in hisSecond Advent preparatory to setting up his Kingdom inpower ; and, second, to the date Autumn of the year 1914 A.D.when this Kingdom began to exercise its power. The firstoutward manifestation of this power was the precipitation ofthe great world-war in 1914 A.D., the first clear evidence thatthe "kingdoms of this world" are now due to give place to theKingdom of Christ and his joint-heirs. The Scriptures, andthe corroborative "Witness" in Egypt, unite in showing thatthe transition period from the old order to the new was dueto begin in 1914 A.D. The social conditions in the worldtoday manifest that the change is in progress. Every thinkingman perceives, and numbers of the world's prominent mensay, that we are now in a transition period, and all recognisethat the year 1914 A.D. was the turning-point. But onlythose who are instructed by the Lord's Word understand whythis change is taking place; and while men's hearts are "failingthem for fear" because of the trouble they see upon the earth,the instructed people of the Lord rejoice, not because of theanguish upon poor humanity, but because they know the Lordnow reigns, and that righteousness and everlasting peace arenow assured. But troublous times at tend the inaugurationof the Kingdom of Peace, because before peace can be establishedthe old evil order, of which Satan is the instigator, must bedestroyed.Speaking about the Kingdom-work which the "feet" membersof the body of earth's new Ruler, the Christ, who are "aliveand remain" during the troublous period of the change fromthe old to the new conditions, the late Charles T. Russell,who first drew our attention to these things, wrote: "All thisis in haimony with the Scriptural declaration that the Kingdom87

of God must first be set up before its influence and work willresult in the complete destruction of 'the powers that be' of'this preserir evil world, ' political, financial, ecclesiastical,by beginning with] the close of the 'Times of the Gentiles, 'October A.D. 1914." (See Vol. IV of Studies in the Scriptures,page 622.)The S.ubterranean Chamber Indicates theDates 1874 and 1914P~oportionate measurements in the Great Pyramid, thoughexact and of interest, would be nothing of value unless theytaught, or supported, vital truths. The most vital truth ofall pertains to the world's Saviour, the Son of God: for withoutHim we could have no life. We constantly keep before us thisIt is appropriate to the symbolical meaning of the upper endof the Grand Gallery, and of the King's Chamber, as well asof the Pyramid as a whole, that the two prominent Biblicaldates, 1874 and 1914 A.D., should be thus geometrically andmathematically indicated by the symbolical Step. There issymmetry in all this arrangement which cannot be ignored;for we see in it the hand of the Master Designer. The "presence"of earth's invisible King, according to the Scriptural timefeatures,dates from 1874 A.D. And according to the Scripturesthe "sleeping saints" or those who "fell asleep in Christ"during the Gospel Age, were raised from their sleep in death inSpring of the year 1878 A.D., the date which is parallel to theyear 33 A.D. when Christ rode into Jerusalem and wasproclaimed King of Israel. From 1878 A.D. all who "die inthe Lord" are immediately changed to their spiritual condition,for the "chief resurrection" began from that date. In 1914 A.D.the Christ began to reign over mankind; and the manifestationof this reign will become more evident as time passes; and itwill last for a 1000 years. All of this is corroborated manytimes over by the symbolism and mathematical dimensions ofthe Great F'yramid. As we now see, the ratio z, and itssquare, and square-root, are constantly required in the Pyramid'sdimensional proport ions.The Strbtcrrnnenn Chrznzber, or Pit, hewn in the rock ahundred feet below the base-level of the GreatPyramid of Gizeh; showing its veryr.rneven floor (looking West)necessary phase of the Pyramid-subject, remembering thatthe building's scientific features are a means to an end, namely,to give us strong confidence in the Lord and His work ofsalvation, and in the times and seasons which measure off thevarious phases of that work. It is a fact not to be lost sight ofthat the only ones who have had revealed to them any mattersof true interest regarding the Lord's Sign and Witness in thoon

land of Egypt, have been earnest believers in Jehovah and HisWord.The Scriptures are consistent in declaring that the first partof the work of Christ as King over all the earth, is to bindSatan, the "god of this world, " and destroy the evil kingdomsof this world which have for so many weary centuries oppressedrod of iron: thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter'svessel" (Psglm 2 : 9).The two dates which witnessed, first, the presence, and,second, the assumption of Kingly power, of Christ, namely,1874 and 1914 A.D., are connectedly marked by theSubterranean Chamber. We show in the companion brochureentitled: The Grwt Pyramid: Its Time Featawes, that thelength of the Descending Passage agrees in inches with thehumanity. The thought of this necessary destroying-workwhich is to bring to a close the "present evil world," isparticularly symbolised by the Subterranean Chamber in theGreat Pyramid. The extremely rough floor of the large, darkPit is illustrative of the utterly chaotic condition into whichthe "kingdoms of this world" are plunged, when Jesus Christbegins to break them in pieces like a potter's vessel when struckwith an iron rod, as we read: "Thou shalt break them with a40number of years in the duration of the "present evil world."The point on the floor of the passage at the upper north endwhich is vertically under the roof-commencement marks thedate of the drying-up of the Flood, when the present evil worldbegan. The date 1914 A.D., when the permitted rule of thekingdoms of this world legally ended, is marked by the endof the produced floor-line of the passage. This produced lineof the inclined floor of the Descending Passage ends in verticalalignment with the floor-terminal of the Small HorizontalPassage. We have called it No. 4 terminal in the "TimcFeature" book. If instead of continuing the downwartl91

measurement of the Descending Passage to this No. 4 terminal,we turn at the junction of the Small Horizontal Passage, andmeasure along this horizontal floor to its terminal 5 inchesbeyond the Pit's north wall (i.e., No. 3 terminal), the datemarked by this floor-end is 1874 A.D. For the difference inthe lengths of the horizo~ital floor, and the produced line, isin a round number 40 inches; and between 1874 and 1914 is40 years. (The full length of the Small Horizontal Passage,of the one considered above. It is already proved thatthe line of demarkation between the First Ascending Passqg,eand the Grand Gallery marks the date of our Lord's death andresurrection, 33 A.D. Measuring up along the floor of theGrand Gallery from this line of demarkation, at the scale ofto its floor-terminal, is 350.40314- Pyramid inches. Thelength of the corresponding produced inclined floor-line of theDescending Passage is 390.87184- inches, the precise differencebeing 40.4687+. )Another Method of Measurirqg to the PitThese two points at the Subterranean Chamber mark thesame dates, 1874 and 1914, by another method of measuringin the passages; and this additional method is corroborative927'lrc lower sclfcai*c tcyt?ziiznl of tlrc D[~xcn

the floor of the Descending Passage, which is directly connectedwith the date-marks in the Grand Gallery, we may measuredownward to the Subterranean Chamber. When we do thiswe find that the measures again prove that the two terminals(called for convenience Nos. 3 and 4) mark the dates 1874 and1914 A.D. respectively. This method of showing the dates1874 and 1914 A.D. at the Subterranean Chamber is quiteindependent of the other method of measuring directly downthe Descending Passage from its north-beginning. The onemethod, therefore, is confirmatory of the other.The Duration of the "World that Was" andthe Date of the FloodThat the roof-commencement of the Descending Passagemarks the date of the flood is corroborated by a number ofdistinct time-measurements. This roof-commencement is thatpoint of the roof which is at right-angles to the northcommencementof the Descending Passage "Basement-sheet,"that is, at right-angles to the present floor-beginning ofthe Descending Passage.Dropping a vertical line from the roof-commencement, wefind that it intersects the floor of the passage about 234 inchesdown from the floor-commencement. It is this point on thefloor of the Descending Passage which marks the date of theflood, which ended the "world that was," and began the"present evil world. "The period of the "world that was" before the flood, from the

time that evil entered through the disobedience of father Adam,namely, 1654 years in all, is' corroborated by the Great Pyramidin a unique, yet, when we understand the Pyramid's methodsof recording time, convincing way. Continuing the roofcommencementvertical line down to the Platform-level base,we have what we may call the "vertical flood-line." Allof the Pyramid.to the north of this vertical line pertains to the"world that was" before the flood; and all to the south of thisline to the "present evil world," and the time beyond. The1654 years of the "world that was," dating from the titne thatsin entered two years after the creation of Adam, are indicatedby a measurement of 1654 Pyramid inches as follows: Measuringfrom the point where the vertical flood-linc intersects thePlatform-level, along this Platform surface to the bottomedge of the Pyramid's casing (the casing-stones rest immediatelyon the Platform), then upward along the casing-stone surfaceto the ancient Entrance floor-beginning, and, finally, downthe floor of the Descending Passage to the vertical flood-line,the total number of inches in these three connected straightlines is 1654. (The precise sum is 1654.048+ Pyramid inches.)According to the Bible Chronology, a complete period ofsix millenniums, that is, 6000 years, dating from the fall ofAdam two years after his creation, ended in Autumn of the year1874 A.D. The fall of Adam was in 4127 B.C. in the Autumn.1654 years from the fall of Adam, therefore, gives the date ofthe drying-up of the flood, namely, Autumn of the year2473 B.c., or 2472f years before the 1st of January A.D. 1.(The date of the flood is usually stated as being 2472 B.c.,which is sufficiently accurate. ) The Great Pyramid corroboratesthis date for the flood, as well as the dates for the creationand the fall of Adam. The whole tenor of the Biblical timesand seasons show that there was a period of two years ofinnocence in the Garden of Eden, before evil entered throughthe disobedience of Adam; and the Great Pyramid's timemeasurementsare in harmony with this time-arrangementof the Scriptures. (See further details connected with thePyramid's corroboration of the Scriptural times and seasonsin: The Great Pyramid: Its Time Features.)The Geometric Harnzony of the Vertical "Flood-Line"The vertical line dropped from tlle north-commencement ofthe roof of the Descending Passage (or from where the roofwould commence, at the point in transverse alignment withthe north-edge of the passage's floor "Basement-sheet," if themissing roof-stones at this part were restored), and continuedvertically down through the floor of the passage to the building'sPlatform-level base, is, as explained above, the "Flood-line, "marking the Biblical date of the deluge, 2472 B.C. Accordingto the measurements, the length (or the height) of this verticalline, between the top surface level of the Platform, and thepoint where it passes through the floor of the DescendingPassage, is 602 -4192+ Pyramid inches.If we regard this vertical live of 602.4192+ inches as beingthe perpendicular of a right-angled triangle, the Platformlevel being the base, and the hypotenuse being a line pavallelto the casing-stone surface of the pyramid, we find that theexact area of this definitely fixed right-angled triangle, whenG 97

divided by 2, agrees with the Coffer capacity, and the perfectnumber 7. (As the incline of the hypotenuse of this rightangledtriangle is the same as the casing-stone angle,51" 51' 14".3, and as the length of the vertical "Flood-line"up to the floor of the Descending Passage is 602.4192+ inches,we can find, by the rules of trigonometry, that the hypotenuselengthis 766.0087+, and the base-length along the Platformsurfaceis 473.1389+, Pyramid inches. The area of the triangleformed by these three lines, when divided by 2, equals the sumof the Coffer's interior' capacity, 71,250, plus the perfectnumber 7.)According to the words of our Lord, as recorded in Matthew'sGospel (24: 37-39) the time when He, the Son of Man, ispresent, establishing his Kingdom while the kingdoms of thisworld are being destroyed, is like the days of Noah, and thedestruction of the Old World "of the ungodly in the flood.The ending of the Old World prefigured the ending of the"Present Evil World, " particularly from the date of the endingof Gentile Times, 1914 A. D. ; for Christ himself must be presentas earth's New Ruler, setting up llis own righteous ~ingdomon the ruins of the old. It is appropriate, therefore, thatthe measurements connected with the vertical "Flood-line"in the Great Pyramid, which marks the year of tlle flood whenthe Old World was destroyed, should contain within theirproportions the figures that point to the ending of the PresentEvil World, beginning at the date 1913; A.D. when Christ tookto himself his great power as earth's invisible King.As in many of the. Pyramid's time-indications, so here also,the date of Christ's second coming as King, 1914 A.D., withthe overthrow of the present evil order which attends hisadvent, is connected with the date of his first coming as theMan Christ Jesus, when he was born in the city of Bethlehem.and proclaimed to be the future King of Israel and the world.These two advents are made prominent by the 1915-inchmeasurements in the Pyramid, representing the 1915 yearsbetween 2 B.C. and 1914 A.D.By a proportion, therefore, the vertical "Flood-line" notonly marks the date of the ending of the "World that was,"but also the date 1914 A.D., when the destruction of the "Present98Evil World" was due to begin, as prefigured by the destroyingflood. This further indication is contained in the length ofthe hypotenuse of the right-angled triangle just referred toabove, and by the following proportionate means: If we takean even 10 times the length of this hypotenuse, and considerthe total of inches as the perimeter of a square, we shall findthat the side-length of this square equals 1915 Pyramid inches.(The precise side-length of the square is 1915.0218+ .)Then, if we take one-half of the base-length of the abovementioned right-angled triangle, and multiply this half-lengthby the perfect number 7, we get, practically, the same'numberof inches as there are years in the complete period of the OldWorld, counting this time from the creation of Adam, to thedrying up of the flood, 1656 years in all, according to theBible chronology. (The length of the base'of the right-angledtriangle, which runs along the surface of thc Platform of thePyramid, is, as already stated, 473-1389+ inches. Half ofthis multiplied by 7, or the whole base-length multiplied by 34,is equal to 1655.9863+ inches, which is not a 70th part of aninch short of the exact 1656.)The fact that the capacity of the Coffer, 71,250 inches, inconjunction with the perfect number 7, is contained in themeasures connected with the vertical "Flood-line, " and withthe duration of the Old World, may be regarded not only asone of those proportionate correspondencies which help toconvince us that the measures are an intended feature in thePyramid's design, but also as a quiet reminder to us that,even in those days that were before the flood, when, as theScriptures declare, "the wickedness of man was great in theearth, and every imagination of the thoughts of his heart wasonly evil continually," yet was the Lord still there, overrulingthe affairs of mankind for his ultimate reclamationand benefit.For the Coffer in the King's Chamber, in one of its symbolicalaspects, stands in the same relationship to the Pyramid asthe "Ark of the Covenant" did to the whole tabernaclearrangement. The Ark in the Most Holy of the tabernacle~epresented the presence of the Lord, overruling the affairs ofthe people of Israel; and that nation was, in God's dealings99

with it, representative of the whole world; for the Scripture3speak of Jehovah as "the Lord of Hosts. "We read that "His tender mercies are over all His works,'"and that, ultimately, "the wrath of man will praise Him."The world will yet realise, just as the Lord's people now do,that Jehovah, the Father of Mercies, has during the whole7 millenniums since the fall of Adam, worked mightily toreclaim the world of mankind from sin and death. All whohave died in the past will return from the death-state, and allflesh shall see the salvation of the Lord (Isaiah 35: 10 ; 40 : 5).SECTION XVITHE only movable article in the Great Pyramid is theCoffer in the King's Chamber. Professor FlindersPetrie proves, by his measurements, that this granitebox must have been placed in the chamber before the roof ofthat apartment was built over, because the entrance into thechamber is too small to allow the Coffer to pass through. Itis movable within the confines of the King's Chamber only,therefore. Incidentally, also, .when the builders set the Cofferin the King's Chamber, they put it there to stay for all time;for if it could not have been carried in through the entrance,neither can it be carried out.The Coffer is the Standard Capacity Measurefor all NationsIt was John Taylor's remarkable suggestion that the Cofferwas placed in the King's Chamber, and built in permanently,that it might serve as the standard for the capacity measuresuitable for the use of all nations. He pointed out that thestandard quarter measure for wheat in use by the British peoplefrom the earliest times is, actually, a quarter of the totalcapacity of the Great Pyramid's Coffer.John Taylor based his deductions on the wonderfully accuratemeasures of the Coffer secured by Professor John Greaves manyyears before. The independent measures of Col. Howard Vyse,and of the French savants, did in the main agree with thoseof Professor Greaves. Professor Smyth, however, securedmeasures which are more accurate, both for the interior andexterior of the vessel; and the later, more numerous measuresof Professor Petrie, corroborate those of Professor Smyth.101

Both Professors Smyth and Petrie show that, within narrowlimits, it is possible to obtain more than one set of measuresfor the Coffer. But within these narrow limits it is possibleto obtain one for each dimension, that is, for the length, width,and depth, both exterior and interior, which can be consistentlyused in a great many proportionate features. This one measurefor each separate dimension is the mean of the careful practicalmeasures, and may be named the standard for reference.The standard measures of the Coffer which we adopt areprimarily based upon the theory that the interior capacityof the vessel is exactly 71,250 cubic Pyramid inches. Thelimits of the exterior and interior measures of the Coffer, aspublished by Professor C. Piazzi Smyth, and the standardmeasures which lie within these limits, we present here:EXTERIOR MEASURES IN PYRAMID INCHES :Prof. Srnyth's Limits :Breadth ( 38.6841.23Height1 38.61Standavd :Length -89.7839756+ Breadth =38.6876101+ Height =41.2131687+The interior dimensions of the Coffer, as given by ProfessorSmyth, are said by him to be "true within half a tenth of aninch, ". meaning, apparently, that the figures he gives may beadded to, or deducted from, to the extent of .05 of an inch ineach case. Below Professor Smyth's figures we also give thestandard .dimensions which we. use in our calculations:Prof. Smyth:Length 777.85 Width =26.70 Depth =34.31Standard :Length =77.8013897 + Width =26.7050242 + Depth -34.2929256+As to the thicknesses of the Coffer's four sides and bottom,we give Professor Sn~yth's figures, with which we comparethe standards :BestProf. Smyth :Side thickness =5.99 Bottom thickness =6.92Standard :Side thickness =5.9912929 + Bottom thickness =6.9202431+

Because it is possible to get more tl~an, say, one exteriorlength for the Coffer, some might liastily assume that theworkers erred through carelessness when shaping the vessel.But this by no means follows, fur the master builder whodesigned the dimensions of the Coffer clearly intended thatthere should be more than one exterior length, and had theworkers made the Coffer to one exterior length only, theywould have been careless of their instructions, and have erred.What at first secms to be lack of finish is, indeed, proved tobe of set purpose. The designer intcnded that there shouldbe a limited range of exterior and interior measures of theCoffer, because no one set of measures could show all of thescientific features connected with this Coffer with absoluteexactness.It will be seen that in all of the foregoing dimensions thestandards which we make use of in our calculations agree veryclosely with Professor C. Piazzi Smyth's practical measures,Professor Smyth conducted his measuring-operations in theKing's Chamber and its containing Coffer with great care,and thus any later measurer, using the same carefulness, couldonly confirm the figures of Professor Sinyth .Following John Taylor's hypothesis that the Coffer wasintended by the Pyramid's Architect to serve as a standardfor capacity measure, Professor Smyth contended that,theoretically, the interior cubical contents is exactly 71,250cubic Pyramid inches.Writing on this Professor Smyth says: "The grand standardof capacity in the Great Pyramid, as already stated, is givenby the internal cubical measure, tested by theory, of thegranite Coffer near the further, or western, end of the King'sChamber; and that, the final and crowning apartment of thewhole of the interior of our earth's earliest and most giganticmonument of stone. . . ."Though the Coffer as a capacity measure is larger nowthan anything on the British Statute-book, being indeedfour times the size of the quarter which is at the head there,yet one single Coffer-measure is a very small thing to set beforethe whole world, and ask all nations to accept it as a standard104in prcference to any other box or cylinder, or other-shaped ordifferently-sized measure which they might have alreadymade, or be thinking of making, for themselves."But all this difficulty seems to have been perfectly foreseenby the inspired architect, and therefore it was that he identifiedthe Coffer by certain rather abstruse, yet positively identifiable,scientific features with the King's Chamber in which it isplaced. And that chamber, with the enormous mass of theGreat Pyramid itself. That building, too, with the sectorshapedland of Lower Egypt. And Lower Egypt with thecentre of the inhabited land surface of the whole world. Sothat, small though the Coffer may be in itself, there cannotbe another vessel of such central and cosmically indicated-importance as this to the whole of mankind, when explained."TJze Coffer Presents a Standard for MeanDensit-y and WeKqhtProfessor C. Piazzi Smyth, after reviewing all the availabledata on the subject, was of the opinion that the mean densityof the whole earth is 5.7 times heavier than a mass of distilledwater of the same size, such water being at the temperatureof 68" Fahr., and the barometric pressure being 30.000Pyramid inches. The barometrical pressure of 30.000 Pyramidanches is that which naturally obtains in the ventilatedKing's Chamber, by the law of the atmosphere over all theregion of the Great Pyramid. And the temperature of 68''Fahr. is, at that barometric pressure, exactly one-fifth abovethe freezing point of water, and four-fifths below the boilingpoint of water. The temperature of 68" Fahr. .is therefore,,under these conditions, an appropriate one to the King'sChamber; for the "sacred" number of this chamber has longbeen known by students of the Pyramid to be the number 5.(In Sectipn XXIV we detail more fully this matter of theGreat Pyramid's scientific indication of earth's meantemperature, and barometric pressure. )Professor Smyth draws attention to certain architecturalfeatures in thc King's Chamber which, in that numerical waypeculiarly characteristic of the Great Pyramid, points to the105

very figures that express the mean density of earth, 5.7. Forthe Great Pyramid must be allowed to interpret its own scientificfeatures, even if its method of doing so is not observable in anyother material edifice. And when we find that any suchinterpretation is consistently sustained, not only in thePyramid's dimensions, but also in the dimensions of the earth,we can have every confideqce in it.The architectural detail in the King's Chamber which pointsto earth's mean density is connected with that chamber'swalls. That this scientific feature should be connected with thewalls of this apartment is clearly consistent, for, as we havealready shown, it is because of the lengths of these walls, andtheir height, that the polar-axial length of earth is indicatedby the capacity of the King's Chamber, a cubit in the onebeing represented by an inch in the other.Professor Sniyth shows, then, that the large granite stonesof which the four walls of the King's Chamber are constructed,are an even 100 in number. They are built up in 5 even courses,the joints between each masonry-course running round thechamberat the same level. But the strange thing is that,while the number of stones in the four first, or lowest, wallcoursesaverage a quarter over 23 for each course, and hencetotal to 93 in all, the fifth and topmost course has but 7 stones.This is a conspicuous architectural detail; for to have only7 stones distributed over four long walls means that the stonesmust be very large in comparison to the others in the fourcourses below.The fact that there are 5 masonry-courses in the King'sChamber's walls, and that the topmost contains 7 stones,suggests the number 5.7, and also suggests that this numberis related to a pre-eminently scientific system of capacitymeasures and weights, because of the approved agreement,by proportion, between the size of the earth, and the size ofthe King's Chamber. Additionally, the number of stonesin the lowest course of the east and west, north and south,walls are 5, 5, 7, and 10, respectively. As we have said, otherfeatures which uphold this interpretation of the numericalmeaning of the walls of the King's Chamber, give us confidencethat it was intended by the great Architect.106earth as a whole, apd not any one material in it alone), 5-7cubic Pyramid inches of pure, distilled water, at thetemperature and baiorrletric pressure spoke11 of, would equal.exactly one cubic Pyramid inch of earth's mean densitymaterial.Professor Smyth explained that 5 cubic Pyramid inchesof earth's mean density material is equal to one Pyramidpound weight.As there are 5.7 cubic inches of pure water to each one cubicinch of earth's mean density material, then one Pyramidpound weight (being equal to 5 cubic inches of earth's density)wo~ild be equal to 28.5 cubic inches of pure water (for 5 times.5.7 is 28.5). In other words, 28.5 cubic Pyramid inches ofpure water weighs exactly one Pyramid pound.The interior cubical capacity of the Coffer is 71,250 cubicPyramid inches. If we divide this coffer-capacity by 28.5,we shall get the exact weight of water that the Coffer will hold.71,250 divided by 28.5 equals 2500. Thus, a Coffer-measureof pure water, i.e., 71,250 cubic Pyramid inches of pure water,weighs 2500 Pyramid pounds; and 2500 Pyramid pounds equalone Pyramid ton.The Coffer, therefore, can hold one Pyramid ton of purewater, if this water be at the temperature of one-fifth abovef.reezing point, or 68" Fahr., and the barometric pressure at30 -000 Pyramid inches.The Pyramid Pint-measure, Scientifically acczrrate,the origin of the ilncient Saxon PintA Pyramid pound-weight of water is equal to a Pyramidpint-measure. A pint, therefore, according to this Pyramidsystem of measure, is equal to 28.5 cubic Pyramid inches ofpure water. This value for the Pyramid pint, Professor Smythshows, is very close to the value of the ancient Anglo-Saxonpint and pound, just as the ancient inch-unit of linear measureis practically identical with the Pyramid inch.It is because of this near approach of the early measures ofthe Anglo-Saxon people to the Pyramid measures, that107

Professor Smyth and illany other st~dents arc persuaded thatEnglish-speaking nations of the present ,day have inheritedthe true earth-commensurable weights arid measures, firstDivinely communicated to the Hebrew nation. We knowthat the God of Israel gave strict injunctions through hisservant Moses that the chosen nation were to observe justweights and measures. These weights and measures, thusstrictly enjoined upon Israel, must therefore have been ofGod's own choosing, and be, naturally, based upon the grandstandard of earth itself, the creation of God.And why not? If every environment of man, the air hebreathes, the food he eats, the water he drinks, his very statureand weight, are all adjusted absolutely to his place ofhabitation, as they are, it is not too much to claim that thestandards for his weights and measures were adjusted for himtoo, and by~lthe same Creator who made him.Speaking of the now-altered value of the imperial pint,and contrasting it with the ancient Anglo-Saxon pint, ProfessorSmyth writes: "But the chief unit of the imperial ,capacitysystem is a pint; and it is, moreover, the very importantcentre of connection between tHat system for large ordinaryquantities, and the apothecaries' system of scientific andmedical small quantities. The pint occupies, therefore, theposition of all others on the scale which should be round andcomplete, testable also at a moment's notice by an equallyround, well-known, and frequently employed standard ofweight, So it was, too, in the days of the wisdom, wherevertthat was derived from, of our Anglo-Saxon forefathers. Butunder the reign of George IV, the pint, from having bc-enmeasured by one pound's weight of water, was expanded into-the odd quantity of 1 and P pounds. And the change was.attempted to be electroplated with brilliant proverbial mail,by giving out this jingling rhyme, to be learned by all goodsubjects: 'A pint of pure water weighs a pound and a quarter. '"But we may well venture to doubt whether every peasantdoes not rather still ruminate in his family circle and about-the old hearthstone, over the far more ancient and pithierrhyme: 'A pint's a pound, all the world round.' Anexpression, too, in which there may be vastly more than108immediately meets the eye; seeing that the Pyramid systemappears to restore that principle. And, what with the UnitedStates of North America (true, except in the persons of a fewultra professors, to their ancient hereditary covenant), andall the existing British colonies, these form, as prophesiedof old, the measuring line of Israel round the whole world"(021~ Inheritance in tlze Great Pyramid, 5th Ed., pages 189, 190).The Pyramid's System of Weights and Measuresbetter than tlte Frenclz ddetric SystemThat the ancient, God-given, system of weights and measuresshould be claimed to be based directly upon the weight and sizeof the earth, is not by any rpeans to claim something that isunscientific. On the contrary, identification with sacredthings must constitute that which is truly scientific; for theliteral meaning of the word "science" is "truth. "It was in their endeavour to be ultra scientific that thesavants of the French Revolution, overthrowing the longestablishedsystem of weights and measures, seeking at thesame time to overthrow the sacred authority of the Bible,instituted their supposedly earth-commensurable metricsystem. The French savants recognised that, to be "scientific "in the highest degree necessitated their basing their system ofmeasures upon the size of the earth; but they unfortunatelyneither adopted the correct method of doing this, nor did theyrightly estimate the dimensions of the earth.It is because this is so well understood, that Sir John Herscheland Professor C. Piazzi Smyth, and very many competentauthorities have, and do, oppose the adoption into Britain andthe United States of America, and all their colonies andpossessions, of the French metric system. It is not becausethese authorities object to the decimal system, which has muchto commend it, but to the faulty methods, and erroneousmeasures, of the ljrench metric system. As the basic numberof the Great Pyramid is 10, the whole system of measures in,and connected with, the Great Pyramid,, is essentially a decimaCsystem.Writing with reference to the steady rejection of the French,109

metric systeni by the authorities in America, in spite of theefforts of some to make this system compulsory on the nation,Professor Smyth says: "The same almost unexplainableactivities of a particular class of revolutionary agitators haveof late been troubling the people of the United States, as wellas those in England; and trying to induce them, in an unguardedmoment, to throw away their, as well as our, birthright of ages,in their hereditary and traditional weights and measures;and to adopt the newly-invented measures of France instead.But now, at last, the people there are getting their eyes opento the real nature of the change which it was proposed theyshould make; and how do they express themselves upon it?Following a pamphlet recently published in Cleveland, Ohio,by Mr. Charles Lather, Chief Engineer of the railway there:"'If we loolc abroad we can see no evidence of decay in ourcivilization, or prosperity, or diminution of our business,because we have not adopted these French measures. Certainly.our Centennial exhibited a most wonderful spectacle; and didwe notice that the French were in advance of us? Is theirflag seen in every port on the face of the globe, because of thesuperiority of their measures? Is not the Anglo-Saxon world(the United States and Great Britain) in advance today?What superiority or advantage can the French point to onaccount of their system? '"Then seizing happily the religious thread of the matter,Mr. Latimer exclaims, to the Boston Society of Engineers hewas then addressing, and who had very nearly been inveigled.a fcw days before into petitioning Congress to make the adoptionof French measures compulsory over the whole United States,You may rely upon it that these Pilgrim ancestors of yoursare not resting easily in their graves on account of your action.They were sticklers for Magna Charta; they loved just weightsand measures. '"'Think for a moment. This French system came out ofthe "Bottomless Pit" [See commcnt on Revelation 11 : 7in Vol, VII of Studies in the Scri;btures]. At that time, and in*he place whence this system sprang, it was hell on earth. Thepeople defied the God who made them; they worshipped theGoddess of Reason. . . . Can you, the children of the Pilgrim110Fathers, consent to worship at such a shrine. . . It is trueindeed that our weights and measures in the present day requiresome remodelling; but how shall it be done? Not by uprootingall our traditions, cutting ourselves loose from the past. No,we must come back to the perfection of olden sacred history,and of that religion which proves that our race is not the resultof a spontaneous natural development, but that man camefrom his Maker a living soul. '"'But where shall we find such perfection? I answer, inthe Great Pyramid of Gizeh. For within that grand primevalpillar of stone have been found the standards of weights andmeasures, so earth and heaven commensurable, and soassimilated to our own ancient and hereditary system, thatit does seem as if the Almighty Himself had given to us aninheritance, to be kept precisely for the emergency of thepresent day and hour. '"'And I beg that our American fellow-citizens will mostcarefully examine into this subject, deeply worthy of theirattention. . . . Shall we indeed find our units, as well asstandards, of weights and measures there? I can confidentlyanswer that they are there. The inch is there; the yard is there;.our Sabbath is there; Christ is there; our past, our present,yea, perhaps our future. But let no man judge for you in thismatter. The subject is too deeply important, indeed toovital to our nationality. Let every citizen study for himself. '"(See Oztr Inheritance in the Great Pyramid, 5th Ed., pages175-177.)The Pyramid Capacity Measure Contrasted withthe Present Imperial British OneIn contrasting the scientific systeni of measures presentedby the Great Pyramid, with the present unsatisfactory systemsf imperial measures, Professor C. Piazzi Smyth shows that,in the imperial system there is no provision made for anysmaller quantity than the pint-measure. The gill-measure,he points out, is merely an addition to that system, toleratedto suit special wants. Apothecaries and druggists, who mustdeal with very small measures, have had to manufacture a111

capacity measure for'theniselves ; and this they did by beginningwith the pint-measure and working down by stages, thewine-glass, teaspoon, etc., to the smallest quantity, thedrop, which they name the "minim." Speaking of this,Professor Smyth says: "This apothecaries' fluid measure wasestablished only in 1836; and we inay assume, with LordBrougham 's Peutlty Cyclopadia , that its fluid ounce, whenit is an ounce, is an ounce avoirdupois; although it is statedelsewhere that medical men are never to use anything buttroy weight."This incongruity renders the break between imperial,i.e., the present British capacity, and apothecaries' capacity,measures peculiarly trying; followed as it is by a break ofconnection between apothecaries' capacity, and apothecaries'weight, measure also."In the Pyramid arrangement, however, there is no haltinghalf-way. V'hen it is a question of capacity, the schemegoes right through from the biggest bulks ever dealt with incommerce, and through all the measures required by thepeople further in dealingwith coal, corn, wool, potatoes,beer, wine, peas, meal, oil, medicines, photographicals, andchemicals, down to the smallest quantity ever judged of bycapacity measures of specified name. "In putting the system of measures presented by the scientificGreat Pyramid into practice, Professor Smyth begins withthe Coffer-capacity as the largest quantity, "a vessel measuring,as its archsect -originally intended that it .should, 71,250cubic Pyramid inches," and subdividing that exact earthcommensurablequantity in to approved lesser quantities,down to the smallest of all, the "Drop. " The numbers by'which the Coffer-capacity is subdivided to give the varioussmaller quantities are derived from the Pyramid itself,beginning by a division by 4, the square number, asrepresented primarily by the four sides of the Pyramid's squarebase. This division by 4 givcs the useful "Quarter" measure,very near to the value of the ancient Saxon Quarter.The next even division of the Coffer-capacity is by thePyramid's basic number 10, which yields the "Sack" measure,also not far removed from the ancient measure of that name112Iin the English language; and approached also very closelyby similar measures used by other nationalities, accordingto the list of measures given in Dr. Kelly's Universal Cambist,published in 1821.The next subdivision of the full capacity of the standardCoffer is by the characteristic Pyramid number 25, the numberof inches in the Pyramid cubit, the even 10-millionth partof earth's semi-axis of rotation. This appropriate divisionby 25 yields the "Bushel" measure, 2850 cubic Pyramid inchesin capacity; which measure is likewise coincided with veryclosely by similar measures used in commerce throughoutthe world, as shown in Dr. Kelly's work for the guidance ofthose who deal in international notes or bills of exchange.From this 25th part of the Coffer-capacity, further smallerdivisions come naturally and symmetrically by the use ofthe Pyramid's decimal system. Thus, the 10th part of theBushel is the "Gallon"; and the 10th part of the Gallon is the"Pint"; the 10th part of the Pint the "Wine-glass" or "FluidOunce." The "Teaspoon," or "Fluid Dram" is the 10thpart of the Ounce; the "Drop," or "Minim" the 100th partof the Dram. There are, therefore, 25-million Drops, orMinims in the entire cubical capacity of the Coffer (But seefurther in Section XXIV). This drop is the cubical spaceoccupied by a drop of water falling freely in air at the givenPyramid temperature and pressure.TABLE OF PYRAMID MEASURESDIVISION OF C APACITY IN WEIGHTCOFFER PYRAMID INCHES PYRAMID!INPOUNDS MEASUREjAMEOFCofferQuarterSackBushelGallonPintOunceDramDrop

SECTION XVIIAFTER giving a list of measures of the Coffer thatpractically agree in yielding the same number ofcubic Pyramid inches for the interior capacity,Professor C. Piazzi Smyth comments: "Here, then, we have avessel whose cubic contents are not only something, on thewhole, excessively near to 71,250 cubic Pyramid inches, butit was pretty evidently intended, by enabling us so nearly iobring out that number in several different ways.""And we must now strive to ascertain, on methods both.absolutely new to Egyptology, and which must have beentotally unknown to all the Pharaonic serfs of old Egypt, whatthe Great Pyramid itself may have to add to this; viz.: itsown preliminary setting forth of some very high science reasonwhy this vessel before us, the Coffer in the King's Chamber,is not only a symbolical sarcophagus, but one adapted likewiseto something further, and more"expressive1y connected, withca$acitv measure. "Professor Smyth then goes on to draw attention to the verynunierous admeasurements of the Coffer by Professor FlindersPetrie, and shows that, in the main, they are confirmatory ofthe capacity-theory advocated by himself. Professor Smythadds: "I am rather inclined, notwithstanding the mere numberof his measures, to fall back on my own mensurations, whichrealise in the Coffer the same principle of limits which hasbeen already accepted in the case of the linear dimensions ofother portions of Great Pyramid work. For there is a graduateddifference of dimensions in length and breadth between the topand bottom of the Coffer, such, that while a length at the topis absolutely too great, and one near the bottom as absolutelytoo small, yet there must be, at a certain height between them,114where the length, breadth, and depth give the exact cubic contentsrequired by theory, viz. : 71,250 Pyramid incbes. Thereare plenty of granite sarcophagi, of the Pyramid-buildingage too, and smooth-sided as well, but none with, or in aqyway pointing to, the 71,250 cubical inches measure. ""I am strongly impressed there is an intentional high andlow limit in the Coffer measures, " writes Mr. Frederick Gassin the 1889 volume of the Banner of Israel. "Its slightinequalities of shape favour this, as there can be no doubtthe workers could have finished it better had they wished todo so, as was done with the Coffer of the Second Pyramid, abuilding that does not, in the whole, show by any means suchgood workmanship as the Great Pyramid."While it is acceded to by Pyramid students that there isintention in the limited range of measures for the Coffer, itmust be understood that the "slight inequalities of shape,"to quote Mr. Frederick Gass, are not at all externally visibleto visitors who examine the Coffer personally; for to allappearances it is perfectly rectilinear in shape, and its exteriorand interior sides and bottom quite smooth. Even the brokencorner, clearly seen in photographs, and the chipped arrisedges, do not materially detract from the vessel's generalsymmetry of form, and polished-like finish. It is by carefuland minute measuring only, that the very slightly differinglengths and breadths at top and bottom are known to exist.By taking advantage of these small differences in measures,both Mr. St. John Vincent Day, of Glasgow, Scotland, andProfessor Hamilton L. Smith, of New York, U.S.A., as wellas other well known students of the Great Pyramid, haveshown that the Coffer's proportions contain' many remarkablecommensurabilities between it, and other important parts of thePyramid, and also some natural data, such as the numberof days in the year.We shall here repeat some of the Coffer's proportionatefeatures as presented by these calculators, with the reminderthat they did not, in their calculations, adhere to any oneset of exterior and interior dimensions. They took advantage,as we say, of the slight range of measures, always, of course,within the limits of the practical measures of Professors Smyth115

and Petrie. Thus, one feature will require a high limit oflength, say, while another will require a low limit, etc.The proportionate feature connected with the Coffer, thatis generally given prominence, is its bulk, as follows:The exterior cubic size, is equal to the interior contents (nearly).The cubic bulk of the four sides, is double that of the bottom (nearly).It is well to notice, however, that both df these proportionsare stated as being approximate only, and not absolute. Theyare sufficiently close to be interesting, and are not withoutsignificance. Further on we shall present other proportionsconnected with the Coffer's bulk, based upon one set ofdimcnsions only (i.e., the standard set given on page 102).The chief line of the whole King's Chamber is geometricallyits cubic diagonal, now well known to be 515.16464- Pyramidinches (See page 30). Using this as a basis, we get thefollowing proportions :515.1646 x10 equals the side of a square, the area of which squareis exactly the same as the area of the triangle formed by the Pyramid'sright vertical section, Q.E .D.515.1646 is equal to twice the exterior horizontal circuit of the Coffer,nearly.515- 1646, divided by 10, equals (1) the mean length of all the Coffer'sarris edges. - (2) . Diameter of a circle, whose area is equal to the Coffer's.inside floor area. (3) The side-length of a square, whose area equalsthe mean arca of thc four cxterior sides of the Coffer. (4) The diameterof a sphere, whose cubical bulk (71,587.4+) comes near to that of theCoffer's interior contents, and does, in a. sense, exist there [Note:When we deal with the more exact proportionate features of the Coffer,as indicated by the standard dimensions given on page 102, we shallfurther refer to this Sphere capacity]. (5) The radius of a circle in whichthe natural tangent of Alpha Draconis (the Polar star at the date of thePyramid's erection, pointed to by the Pyramid's Descending Passage)was at its higher culminatioil, viz. : 33' 41' 20" =34.344 Pyramid inches=Coffer's interior depth [This depth is an extreme one].The exterior height is simply equal to a 10th part of the length of theKing's Cha.mher which contains the Coffer.While the exterior breadth of the Coffer is given thus: In a circlewhose circumference is as many inches as there are days in the solartropical year, the natural tangent of 33' 41' 20" mentioned above equals38.753 Pyrailiid inches, the exterior breadth of the Coffer. This isalso equal to the Ante-Chamber length divided by 3.116The square of the interior depth of the Coffer, bears the same proportionto the square of the exterior height, as the area of one exterior side bearsto the combined areas of an exterior side and end.We have noticed that one half of the width of the King's Chamberis an important measure [See page 291, as it is the basis of all thedimensions of the chamber. We find that this measure is also relatedto the Coffer's dimensions; (1) The square of this measure equals, to aclose approximation, the sum of the areas of the two exterior sides andtwo exterior ends of the Coffer. (2) The square of this measure, dividedby the double of the ratio a, equals the square of the exterior heightof the Coffer, approximately. (3) This measure divided by 3 equalsthe interior depth of the Coffer, using the extreme depth.Continuing with his list of the proportionate measuresof the Coffer, Professor Smyth shows that Mr. St. JohnVincent Day drew attention to the existence of the ratio n asa prominent factor in the calculations 'of these proportions.Professor Smyth writes: "Profiting by small inequalitiesbetween the sides of the Coffer, as shown to exist by mymeasures of them, it can be proved that the height of the Cofferis to the length of two adjacent sides (viz.: a side and an end),as 1 to ;rr. And now to that good beginning, Mr. Simpsonadds :"The Coffer's interior floor has a boundary whose length is equal tothe circumference of a circle, the area of which circle is equal to thearea of the exterior bottom.The square of the exterior height of the Coffer, equals the sum of theside and end areas divided by the ratio n.The area of a circle, the diameter of which is equal to the exteriorbreadth of the Coffer, is equal to the area of an exterior side dividedby the ratio n.The area of a square, the side-length of which is equal to the interiordepth of the Coffer, is also equal to the area of an exterior side dividedby the ratio n.If two vertical, right, sections be made through the middle of theCoffer, then such are the proportions of lengths, breadths, and thicknesses,that (1) the area of the sections of the walls, is to the area of the wholesection included, as 1 to the ratio n. And (2) the area of sectionalwalls, equals the square of the Coffer's exterior height.The Coffer's length and breadth added, equals the height multipliedby the ratio n.

The Area of the Socket-level Base of the Great Pyramidirtdicated by the CofferSECTION XVIIIPROPORTIONATE FEATURES CONNECTED WITH THE COFFERBASED UPON THE SET 01: STANDARD MEASURESPRESENTED ON PAGE 102THE intrinsic value ofthe proportionate. featuresconnected with the Coffer's dimensions is this:They prove conclusively that the granite chest inthe King's Chamber is an integral part of the whole designof the Great Pyramid, and was not merely deposited in thebuilding as a haphazard piece of furniture. And havingproved by these many proportionate correspondencies betweenthe dimensions of the Coffer on the one hand, and the wholeGreat Pyramid on -the other, that the Architect who designedthe monument also designed the Coffer, we can place thcgreatest confidence in the high purposes of this wonderfulgranite box, namely, that it is indeed the world's standardfor capacity measure, and for weight. And in addition tothese purely scientific purposes, it still further establishesthe spiritual, religious teaching of Holy Scriptures, as seento be symbolised elsewhere throughout the Pyramid.In every one of the following features we base the calculationson the one set of measures for the Coffer's exterior and interiordimensions, which we believe may be called the standardmeasures, as they not only express a fair mean of the limitsof practical measures secured by Professors Smyth and Petrie,but because they recognise the Standard Capacity theory ofthe Coffer, which demands that the cubical contents of theinterior be precisely 71,250 cubic Pyramid inches, as hithertoexplained. Students of the Pyramid theory are agreed thatthere is every reason for accepting this figure for the Coffer'sinterior contents as being the intention of the inspired architect.118Taking, therefore, the standard set of measures for theCoffer given on page 102, we find that the interior length anddep~h of the vessel have been so proportioned, that the areaof one interior side corresponds with the area of the Pyramid'sSocket-level square base by the following method: Multiplythe interior side area by 50, remembering that this number 50is the Icing's Chamber's special number, as is drawn attentionto by most writers on the Pyramid, and we get as many squarePyramid inches as there are square Pyramid cubits in theSocket-level base of the building. This feature, of course,shows that the interior length and depth of the 'Coffer areproportioned according to the duration' in days of the solartropical year; because 50 times the interior side area yields asmany inches as there are days in the square of the solar year.Or another way of expressing this feature is to compare theinterior side area of the oblong Coffer, with the area of a square :The side-length of the sq.uare is in inches equal to the days inthe solar year; and the area of this square, when divided by 50,is equal to the area of the Coffer's interior side. (Note: Whencalculating with the standard set of Coffer measures given onpage 102, allowance must be made in the results of every suchcalculation for the little extra implied by the plus sign afterthe decimal fractions.)The Grand Gallery Floor-LengthThe interior depth of the Coffer is proportioned to thefloor-length of the Grand Gallery: When we take 4 times thisinterior depth as representing the side-length of a square,we find that a 10th part of the area of the square is as manysquare inches, as there are linear inches in the Grand Gallery'stotal floor-length, to within less than a 100th part of an inchof the Gallery's standard length. (This proportion of theCoffer yields 1881.6076+, while the standard length of theGallery is 1881.5985+, Pyramid inches. The correspondencyis therefore practically exact.)119

The two features mentioned above, even if they were onlyapproximately indicated in the Coffer's dimensions, are 1 Isufficiently wonderful to establish the claim that the Cofferwas designed, as to its interior size, to correspond with theIdimensions of the building which holds it. For the interiorI1length and depth might quite easily have been any odd measures,not in the least agreeing by any method of proportions withthe entire building; just as, for instance, the dimensions ofthe Second Pyramid's coffer, or sarcophagus, does not bearproportionate relationship to that building's base, or passage,lengths.But we are only beginning to show the convincing corroborationsof the opinion Ilelcl by MI. John Taylor, ProfessorC. Piazzi Smyth, and others, that the Great Pyranlid's"Coffer" is the most important stone chest in the world.acknowledged by all who enter that granite apartment.Forthe total length of the north wall of the King's Chamber isso divided: On the extreme east end of this north wall is thelow entrance-doorway, the width from east to west of whichis a 10th part of the whole wall's length. Thus, the lengthThe First Ascending Passage Floor-Ler~gtlz.Not only is the interior depth of the Coffer proportionedto the length of the Grand Gallery, but to the length of theFirst Ascending Passage also. And yet, so far as length offloors is concerned, these two passages are totally dissimilar;although, as we have seen, they are harmoniously connectedthrough the medium of the day-value of the synodic month(See page 40).The interior depth of the Coffer, then, when multipliedby the King's Chamber's special nufnber, 50, gives a totalof inches which, when reduccd by an even 10th part, agreeswith the floor-length of the First Ascending Passage, to withinabout a 2 of an inch of the standard length for that passage.(The Coffer's interior depth multiplied by 50 equals 1714.6462+inches. Reduce this by a 10th part; the remaining 9/lOthsare 1543.1816+. The standard length of the First AscendingPassage is 1543.4642+ Pyramid inches. )This proportion of 9/lOths of any given number, is frequentlyrecognised in the Pyramid's proportionate features. Andthere is, in the Pyramid, at least one concrete example of the10th and 9jlOths proportion; and this example is in the King'sChamber itself, and must, consciously or unconsciously, be120The King's Chamber of the Great Pyramid of Gizeh; showingthe doorway of the low Passage which leads from theAnte-chamber; also, on the left, the openingof the Air-channel in the North wallof the north wall, along the floor, is divided into a loth, and9110th~ ; seeming to accord to us "King 's-Chamber" authorityfor using this particular proportion in other dimensions of thePyramid. We find, indeed, that we require to use it veryoften; and the next feature connected with the Coffer is anotherinstance of its use.121

Anoth.er Grand Gallery length indicationThis indication in the Coffer's dimensions of the floor-lengthof the Grand Gallery is quite distinct from the one alreadydetailed. When we take 10 times the interior-floor circuit,or perimeter, of the Coffer, and reduce the total of inches bya 10th part, the remaining 9110th~ equal to the floor-lengthof the Grand Gallery, to within less than half an inch of thestandard length of the Gallery. (Nine-tenths of the circuitof the Coffer's inside floor-that is, the sum of twice theinterior Iength, and twice the interior width, reduced by a10th part-when multiplied by 10, is equal to 1881-1154+inches; while the Gallery's standard length, as given above,is not half an inch longer than this, i.e., 1881.5985+.)We repeat again, however, that all of the Pyramid'spassage-ways have more than one floor-length, within limits,depending on whether the measurement be taken along theeast, or the west, sides; but for easier comparison we thinkit better to, as a rule, cite the standard lengths.Still another Grand Gallery 1e.ngtlz indicationAnother method by which the dimensions of the Cofferagree with the length of the Grand Gallery, is by a calculationemploying the prominent ratio n; and in this indication alsothe perfect number 7 is recognised. Thus, take the sum ofthe areas of the two interior ends of the Coffer, plus theinterior-floor area, and thc area of a supposed ceilingcorrespondingto the floor-area (or, double the sum of theBoor and one end-area). Regard this sum as the length of thediamcter of a circle; and multiply it by the ratio n to obtainthe circumference of this circle. To this circumference addthe perfect number 7, and we shall find that a 10th part of the.sum is equal to the floor-length of the Grand Gallery, to withinless than a 25th part of axi inch of the standard length. Thisfeature is also distinct from the other indications. (The sumof the four areas formed by the two interior end-walls, andthe floor and assumed corresponding ceiling, is 5986.9628+square Pyramid inches. Multiply this figure by the ratio n,122and to the result add 7; and we shall find that an even 10thpart of the sum is 1881.5598+, or not quite a 25th part of aninch difference from the standard length of the Grand Gallery,which is 1881.5985+ Pyramid inches.)Tlre Exterior Dimensions of the Coffer agree withthe King's Chamber's DinzensionsThe exterior height of the Coffer is already accepted to beequal to exactly a 10th part of the length of the King's Chamber.There are other connections between the Coffer's dimensionsand the dimensions of the chamber.The "sacred" number of the King's Chamber is known tobe the number 5, as primarily represented by the 5 Equal wallcoursesof that chamber. This number may also be lookedupon as representative of the Pyramid as a whole; for theperfect square-based Pyramid has five exterior plane surfaces,counting the base as one, and it has five corner-stones, the oneat the apex being the "chief comer-stone."There is close agreement between the exterior dimensionsof the Coffer, and the dimensions of the chamber which containsit, through the medium of the number 5. For 5 times the sumof the exterior length, breadth, and height of the Coffer, isequal to the sum of the length, width and height of the King'sChamber. The agreement is tnue to within less than a 6thpart of an inch. (The sum of the Coffer's three exteriordimensions, when multiplied by 5, is equal to &18.4237+,and the sum of the three principal dimensions of the King'sChamber is 848.5861+ Pyramid inches. See the lists ofdimensions on pages 30 and 102.)The Coffer's indication of' the Precessional CycleThe Coffer's exterior measures agree also with the Pyramid'sesterior measures, at that most important level touched bythe upper floor-end of the Grand Gallery, namely, the 1914 A.D.level. And the agreement is a very direct one, although,like nearly all these features of the Pyramid, a proportionateone.123

The proportionate feature is simply this: An even 100 timesthe exterior horizontal circuit of the Coffer, is equal to thecircuit of the Pyramid at the 1914 A.D. level. There is aslight difference between the two totals of inches, but it amountsto only about a 30th part of an inch, and may therefore beconsidered as negligible.As the perimeter of the Pyramid at the 1914 A.D. levelagrees in inches with the number of years in the precessionalcycle, it follows that an even 100 times the exterior horizontalperimeter of the Coffer also agrees with the year-value of theprecession. But the Coffer contains, through its proportionatedimensions, a large number of indications of the precessionalcycle, although the one just explained is the most direct.(The exterior horizontal perimeter of the Coffer, when multipliedby 100, is 25,694.3171+ Pyramid inches. The perimeter ofthe Pyramid at the 1914 A.D. lcvcl is 25,694.3529+ Pyramidinches. The number of years in the precessional cycle is,as we have said, between 25,694 and 25,695.)In all of these proportionate features we have used the oneset of standard measures for the Coffer, as presented on page 102.If we take advantage of the slight limits of measures which theCoffer was specially made to contain, all of the above-mentionedindications, as well as others we shall speak of, can be shownto be exact. But the advantage of consistently using the oneset of dimensions as a standard set is that, whatever disagreementthere is between any proportion of the Coffer, and the particularfeature that that proportion indicates, the student can see at aglance on which side this disagreement lies; whether a slightlysmaller dimension for the Coffer would indicate the featureexactly, or one slightly larger.The disagreements, however, are in most of these featuresso little, as to be practically negligible. Nevertheless, theyshow us why the Coffer was, of set purpose, not made perfectlysmootll and rectilinear, as it could very easily have been madeby such perfect masons as constructed the Pyramid. Forin actual working-mathematics and geometry, no one set ofdimensions for the Coffer could show so many different proportionatefeatures-with absolute exactness in every case.We have already referred to one of the methods by which124the Pyramid indicates some of its proportionate features,namely, the method of deducting, or adding, a specified numberpeculiar of the Great Pyramid, such as the numbers 5, 7, 10,etc., or, sometimes, a Pyramid cubit or Pyramid inch; aswell as also multiplying or dividing by these numbers, in oiderto bring out the agreement sought. The frequency with whichfactors like these enter into the calculations, and the accuracyin the results obtained, are sufficient to establish them asintended. In no other way, indeed, could so many differentfeatures be indicated.The Coffer's Exterior Dimeasions are firo~ortiohateto its Interior CapacityThe following is a good example of the necessity ofrecognising the Pyramid 's basic number 10, in conjunctionwith the Pyramid cubit, and the single Pyramid inch. Bythe recognition of these definite Pyramid numbers we cansee how the exterior dimensions of the Coffer are harmoniouswith the interior capacity.Before the interior hollow was drilled and chiselled out,the rectilinear block of granite forming the Coffer had sixexterior s'ides, that is, the exterior surfaces of the four walls,and the top and bottom. The areas of these six surfaces wereso proportioned, that the cubical capacity of the interior hollowafterwards made, agrees with them by the following method:To the sum of the six exterior areas add 1 Pyramid inch,and 1 Pyramid cubit of 25 inches, and 16 Pyramid cubits.The final sum is equal to the cubical capacity of the "QuarterMeasure," and, therefore, 4 times this final sum is equal to thefull interior capacity of the Coffer. (The sum of the six exteriorareas is 17,536.4971+ square Pyramid inches. Add to this1 Pyramid inch, 1 Pyramid cubit of 25 inches, and 10 Pyramidcubits of 25 inches each, and we obtain the final sum of17,812.4971 + Pyramid inches. The cubical capacity of thequarter part of the Coffer's interior hollow, that is, the"Quarter Measure, " is 17,812.5 Pyramid inches. The differenceis of little account, being little more than a 350th part of aninch. )125

It will be noticed how necessary it is to recognise theexistence of the Pyramid inch, and the Pyramid cubit, bothearth-commensurable, not only in the above feature, but inall the features connected with the Great Pyramid. TheEgyptian cubit, which is, in our present knowledge of it,somewhat mythical, because no one has yet found an absolutelength for the Egyptian cubit, is not recognised by the scientificproportions of the Great Pyramid.The Socket-level Base Side LengthThere is still another proportionate feature connected withthe Coffer's dimensions where the single Pyramid inch isrecognised. In this case the base-side length of the GreatPyramid, at the Socket-level, is indicated by areas in theCoffer, each area being first reduced by one Pyramid inch.Both exterior and interior areas of the Coffer enter into thiscalculation; and because they are the principal areas the entiredimensional-size, and shape, of the Coffer is seen to be esactlydesigned to agree with the Pyramid's principal length, namely,the Socket-level base length. This base length is shown by theCoTfer 's measures by the following method :From each of the four areas of the Coffer here named, onePyramid inch is to be deducted, viz. : (I) The area of theinterior floor. (2) The area of the exterior bottom. (3) Thearea of the interior side. And (4) the area of the interior end,After deducting one Pyramid inch from each of these four areas,we add the remainders. The sum of the remainders is as manysquare inches as there are linear inches in the Pyramid's Socketlevelbase side, to within less than a 100th part of an inch.(The above-meritioned sum of the remainders is 9131.0461+Pyramid inches; and the Socket base length of the Pvran~idis 9131.0549+ .)Th'e Socket-to-apex Vertical HeightBy still another proportion founded upon the Coffer's size,we find a very close approximation of the Pyramid's Socketto-apesvertical height. This calcnlation is connected with126the Coffer's exterior breadth; and the Pyramid's basic number10, and sacred number 5, enter as factors.Add together: 100 times the Coffer's exterior breadth; and50 times this breadth ; and the basic number 10. The resultantsum is equal to the Socket-to-apex vertical height of thePyramid,lto within less than a 7th part of an inch. (The sumis 5813.1415+, while the vertical height is 5813.0101.+Pyramid inches. )Thus we perceive that by proportions, all based upon thestandard set of measures for the Coffer, this unique stone boxin the King's Chamber not only yields the base length of thewhole Pyramid, but the vertical height as well, in addition tothe length of the perimeter at the 1914 A.D. level.Tlze Descending Passage Rloor-LengthWe have noted how the lengths of the Grand Gallery and theFirst Ascending Passage are both contained in the Coffer'smeasures. So also is the length of the Descending Passage.The floor-length of the lower reach of the Descending Passage,between the "Point of Intersection" and the junction of theSmall Horizontal Passage leading to the Pit, is indicated by aproportion connected with the Coffer's exterior horizontalarea, i.e., the bottom area.Divide the exterior bottom area of the Coffer into 8 equalparts. Deduct from the sum of 7 of these parts the characteristicPyramid number of 5 inches. The result is equal tothe floor-length of the Descending Passage detailed above, towithin less than a 6th part of an inch of the standard length.(The sum of 7 of the 8 equal parts of the complete area of theCoffer's exterior horizontal area, minus 5 inches, equals3034.3365+ square inches ; while the Descending Passagestandard length for the lower reach is 3034.5010+.)The Complete Straight-Lined Length of theDescending PassageThe longest possible straight-lined length of the DescendingPassage, even, is indicated with wonderful exactness by theI27

Coffer's own peculiar system of proportionate dimensions.And in this feature the perfect number 7 is used, and thePyramid cubit of 25 inches.There are so many features in the Pyramid's Coffer, thatevery symmetrical combination of its measures show how wellbalanced its dimensions are, not only between themselves,but with all important sections of the Pyramid, interior andexterior. In this proportion, which shows the complete lengthof the Descending Passage, the calculations evidence that thearea of the interior side of the Coffer is symmetrically balancedwith the interior cubical contents of 71,250 cubic inches,through the medium of the Pyramid cubit, and the perfectnumber 7, as follows:From the Coffer's interior capacity of 71,250 inches deductthe perfect number 7. To 25 times the Coffer's interior sidearea add 7. (The multiplication of this area by 25 representsthe Pyramid cubit.) The difference between the two resultantquantities is equal to the number of linear inches in theDescending Passage's longest possible straight-lined length,i.e., from the north beginning of the ancient Entrance, downto the end of the produced line of the floor (which we call No. 4terminal in the "Time Features" booklet). The agreement iscorrect to within less than a 30th part of an inch of the standards.(The two quantities, the difference between which yields thelongest length for the Descending Passage, are: (1) The Coffer'sinterior capacity with 7 deducted equals 71,243. inches.(2) 25 times the interior side area with 7 added equals66,707.9318f inches. The difference between them is4535.0681+, while the passage-length referred to is4535.0306+ Pyramid inches. )length of the diagonal of the interior end. As in other features,the distinctive numbers 5, and 7, are required in the calculation,which is as follows:By the usual rules of mathematics, we can compute from theknown interior depth and width the interior end-diagonal ofthe Coffer. This diagonal is 43.464503+ Pyramid inches,using tlie standard set of measures given on page 102. Thecorrespondency between the end-diagonal and the HorizontalPassage length is through the medium of 5, and 7. For 5 timesthis interior end-diagonal, multiplied by 7, equal 1521.2576+Pyramid inches, which is, to within about a 20th part of aninch, the same as the standard length of the HorizontalPassage, 1521.3114+.The Coffer's proportionate indications of the variousdimensions of the Pyramid, dealt with so far, are only a smallsection of the many it is known to contain. We shall draw,attention to a few others further on. In the meantime wedesire to speak of the convincing way by which the interiorcubical capacity of this granite chest in the King's Chamberof the Great Pyramid shows the actual cubical bulk of thecarth, as well as the weight of the earth.The Horizontal Passage Floor-LengthThe dimensions of the wonderful Coffer do not omit to indicatethe length of the Horizontal Passage to the Queen's Chamber,although the length of this passage is distinct from that of theother passages, while being at the same time harmonious withthem as we have seen. This proportion is based upon theinterior depth and width of the Coffer, as represented by the128

SECTION XIXAS the Coffer in the Great Pyramid presents the worldwith the standard for capacity measure, it followsthat it also presents the standard for Weight Measure.For the cubical capacity of the Coffer being'known, accordingto the many lines of proof which establish this capacity as71,250 cubic Pyramid inches, we need, then, merely applythe value of earth's mean density to this capacity and we shallascertain the best possible standard for Weight for the dailyuse of man.Earth's Mean DensityWe have noted that the King's Chamber, which holds thestandad capacity measure, the granite Coffer, shows, architectually,by the numbering and arrangement of its masonryblocks, the actual figures that express the mean density of thewhole earth, namely, 5.7, representing the over-all weight ofthe earth as that precise number of times heavier than purewater of the same cubical mass.This branch of science has not been accorded the minuteattention that has been devoted to most others by the nationsof the world, and hence we are unable to compare the scientificindication of the Great Pyramid regarding earth's mean density,with more than a few reliable results of practical experimentaltestings by scientific workers. Six Isaac Newton judged thatthe mean density of earth must be between 5 and 6 times heavierthan water; but he did not conduct definite research in thismatter.In the year 1855 Captain Ross Clarke, experimenting onbehalf of the British Ordnance Survey on the hill of Arthur's130iSeat, near Edinburgh, Scotland, brought out the number 5.316for the earth's mean density. But the number 6.565 was theresult of a deep mine experiment conducted by Sir GeorgeB. Airy, the British Astronomer Royal of Greenwich. One ofthese results is less than, and the other more than, the idealfigure required by the theory of the Great Pyramid.But later on another experiment, with more approvedscientific precautions against disturbances, was carried out onbehalf of the Royal Astronomical Society of Great Britain byFrancis Bally, with the result that a much nearer approachto the theoretical figure was obtained. This figure was publishedin the Memoirs (Vol. XIV) of the Royal AstronomicalSociety of London, as 5 -675, plus or minus -0038.Later still, in 1878, the Royal Society of London publishedthe finding of Professor J. H. Poynting, who employed whatwas considered to be even better and safer methods of experimentingthan had before been used in the endeavour to ascertainthe true mean density of our earth. This later result is yetcloser to the Pyramid's indication, being 5.69. This moreapproved scientific finding is so close to the Pyramid's ideal5.7, that Professor C. Piazzi Smyth exclaims: "Who shallattempt to say that 5-7 is not, as these numbers go, the true,quantity created by God, and Divinely donated to the earth-ballinhabited by man." We can say that, certainly, all the proportionatefeatures,connected with the weight and bulk of thcearth, when calculated in terms of the standards for weight andcapacity presented to us by the Great Pyramid and its Coffer,go to firmly establish the Pyramid's value of 5.7 for the meandensity of the planet Earth; the only planet revolving roundour sun which is at present, as we believe, inhabited by God'shighest and most wonderful earthly creation, Man.Tlze Pyramid Ton and its SubdivisionsIndicated by the Coifer's Ca$acityProfessor C. Piazzi Smyth, after referring to the value ofearth's mean density, 5.7, and pointing out that this value isthe mean of all the varied materials that go to make up ourearth-globe, some of which are much heavier than 5.7, :III(L

others much lighter, goes on to say: "Thus the Coffer's contentsof pure water are 71,250 cubical Pyramid inches, which at thetemperature of 68" Fahr., and barometric pressure of 30.000Pyramid inches, would weigh 18,030,100 of our avoirdupoisgrains" [according to the estimate of the British government]."But if earth's mean density material is 5.7 times heavierthan water, a mass of that said heavy material, but 5.7 times.smaller than 71,250 cubical inches, viz. : measuring 12,500,cubical inches only, will also weigh, at the same temperatureand pressure, the same 18,030,100 British avoirdupois grains.[For 71,250 divided by 5 -7 is equal to 12,5001."That beginning made, we have next to inquire, what are,may, or should be, the subdivisions of the whole block of12,500 cubical Pyramid inches of the earth's mean density,on the Pyramid weight system of metrology? ... The mostcharacteristic division of all, viz : that of 50 x 50, which shouldgive us a popular weight-unit to compare with the pint incapacity,. . .does give us something which is excessively close,in absolute weight, to the old Saxon pound. "Professor Smyth then goes on to show that, this Pyramidpound-weight, which is symmetrically based upon the capacityof the Coffer and on the mean density of the earth, and whichis significantly close to the weight of the old Saxon pound,"is equal to the weight of five [5] cubical Pyramid inches ofthe earth's mean density. "To recapitulate: The mean density of the whole mass of theearth is 5.7 times heavier than an equal mass of pure water,when this water is at the temperature of a 5th between thefreezing and boiling points of water (1/5th above freezing,415th~ below boiling), or 68" Fahr., and the barometric airpressure is at 30.000 Pyramid inclies.The interior hollow of the Coffer in the King's Chamber ofthe Great Pyramid can hold 71,250 cubic Pyramid inches ofsuch pure water.Therefore, a solid block of material, having the same densityas the mean density of the earth, would require to be 5-7 timessmaller in cubical capacity than the Coffer's capacity, in orderthat the weight of this block, and tlie weight of the water in theCoffer, should be equal.1 32The entire weight of the pure water in the Coffer, and thereforethe entire weight of the earth's density block, is the GreatPyramid's standard of weight-measure, and is appropriatelycalled the "Pyramid Ton. "But as tons are useful in the handling of large quantitiesonly, it is necessary for the convenient handling of smallquantities in commerce, to have a small unit of weight, aneasy and equal division of the large standard ton. Theeasiest, and most characteristic Pyramid division of this tonis a division by 50 x50, that is, by 2500. When we dividethe standard ton block of earth's mean density material by2500, we get the equally characteristic Pyramid number of5 cubic Pyramid inches. The weight of these 5 cubic inchesis one Pyramid Pound.There are therefore 2500 Pyramid pounds in one Pyramidton. And this Pyramid pound-weight is very nearly the sameweight as the old Saxon pound, so far as we are able to tracethat ancient metrology backward through the centuries by theusual methods of literary and historical research. It wasduring the Georgian era in Britain that the modern "artificial"avoirdupois grain began to be taught in schools, the early moregenuine Saxon rain being gradually set aside.%According to Professor Smyth's deductions there are25,000,000 Pyramid grains in the Pyramid ton. This value ofthe ton is very closely approached by the number of grainsthat the old Saxon metrology would have yielded, namely,24,040,100. And just as the Pyramid linear inch is very nearin size to the present-day British statute inch, but nearerstill to the old Saxon inch, and the true original lengthof the inch is this earth-commensurable Pyramid inch, so,Professor Smyth and other competent authorities contend, thevalue of the grain of ancient Saxon metrology, while known tobe nearly identical with the ideal Pyramid grain-weight, wasoriginally derived from this Pyramid grain. It is probable,also, that the true value in weight of the Pyramid grainis even closer to that of the ancient Saxon grain thanProfessor Smyth was cognisant of, as pointed out by us iriSection XXIV, which see.Therefore, as ~e have good grounds for believing, the origin:ils133

of the linear inch, and the grain-weight, are preserved in theGreat Pyramid, in the granite King's Chamber, and in thegranite Coffer within that chamber. They are not only preservedin a wonderful way by the actual measures to be foundthere in the Pyramid, but are immovably established for alltime by the very numerous mathematical and geometrical'proport ions.For whatever loss the actual measurements of the GreatPyramid and its Coffer may have suffered through littleinaccuracies of workmanship in the first instance, and throughthe subsequent dilapidations of natural decay, the injuries ofvandalism, and shocks of earthquakes, the scientific proportionsstep in and make good. The scientific features of the Pyramidinform us as to what was the original intention and design ofthe great Architect, and by them we are enabled to restoreto the whole fabric its ideal perfection. All of the theoriesconnected with the Great Pyramid, and approved thus far,are quite matter-of-fact in their reasonableness. There isnothing of a speculative or fanciful nature about them, butare such as will appeal to the thoughtful student. There is adifference between theory and speculation. Few, if any, ofthe more abstruse facts of science would be known .to us, hadit not been for the previous intelligent application of theoriesby patient investigators.In the future, not now far distant we believe, when theteaching of the Lord's stone Witness in Egypt is more widelyknown and appreciated, and probably still more accuratelyinterpreted, the earth-commensurable standards of linearmeasure, capacity measure, and weight measure which itpresents, will be adopted by the whole human race, that allmen may understand one another, speaking the same metrologicallanguage.As with the subdivisions of the Coffer's capacity measure intogallons, bushels, pints, etc., so with its weight, the subdivisionsinto hundredweights, pounds, ounces, etc., are symmetricaland according to Pyramid numbers and the decimal system ofthe building. The following is the list of names for theseparts of the Coffer's weight standard, the Pyramid ton:- .- - ---PYRAMID WEIGHT MEASURES'I I I I1Division of Pyramid Pounds Cubic Inches Cubic Inchesthe Pyramid in each of Earth's of Distilled NameTonweight Division Mean Density waterThe Pyramid System of Specific GravityTonQuarterW~YCwt .StonePoundOunceDramGrainEvery separate substance which contributes to the totalmass of the earth has its own individual density, or weight.Thus, as we have seen, pure water at the proper temperatureand barometric pressure has an individual weight which is 5.7times lighter than the whole mass of the earth, taking bulkfor bulk. On the other hand, a mass of molten lead of thesame size as the earth would weigh almost exactly doublethe total weight of the earth. If of solid gold the contrastin weight would be about 3 and a 3rd for the gold, and 1 forthe earth. The total weight of every substance in the earthis, therefore, the mean weight of every substance. Thismean, or average, weight is the standard for reference. Eachindividual substance, taken by itself, has a weight which isproportionate to the mean weight. This proportion is knownby the term "Specific Gravity." Thus, earth's meandensity material is represented by 1, that is, by Unity. Interms of this unity, the specific gravity of, say, cork, is.043; of wheat, when loose, -132; of ice -163; of purewater, ,175, etc. (The specific gravity number of purewater, by which the unity standard of earth's mean densityhas to be multiplied for comparison, is .175+, because thisnumber is the recipvocal of 5.7. So, we can either divide135

y the number of times that pure water is lighter than thestandard, i.e., divide by 5.7, or else multiply this standardby the reciprocal of that number. It is often easier, or moreconvenient, to multiply than to divide.)PYRAMID SYSTEM OF SPECIFIC GRAVITIESEarth's Mean Density = 1. Temperature =6S0 FahrBarometric Pressure =30.00.0 Pyramid inchesCork, :. . . . . . . -043White pine (American) .. .072Oats, loose . , . . .. .088Larch (Scotland) . . .. .093Lithium, metal . . .. .I00Riga fir . . . . .. -105Barley, loose, . . .. -112Ether, sulphuric . . .. .I29Wheat, loose . . . . .. -132Sea-water . . . . .. -180Blood, . . . . . . .. .I80White sugar . . . . .. .282Ivory . . . . . . .. .321Casing-stone, Gt. Pyraniid .. .367Nummulitic limestone . , .. .412Glass, crown . . . . . . -439Common stone . . .. .442Red granite, Peterhead .. .464Red granite, Ct. Pyramid ,479Jasper . . . . .. .494Diamond . . . . .. .618Zinc, compressed . . . . 1.26Tin, pure Cornish .. 1.28Iron, cast at Carron . . 1 .28Copper, native . . .. 1.37Steel, hardened . . .. 1.37Brass, common cast . . 1.37Nickel . . . . .. 1.54Mercury, brown cinnabar 1 .79Silver, virgin . . . . 1.84Gold, not hammered . . 2.76Platinum, hammered . . 3.57The above are a few examples, prepared by Professor C.Piazzi Smyth, who rightly says that no efficient system ofdetermining weights by linear measure could possibly go unaccompaniedby a table of specific gravities. The numberof items in the table is not dependent on ihe system, but onthe richness and variety of this globe's natural products.Wherefore, Professor Smyth says in reverent tone: "Whatthankfulness should it not excite in the mind of man towards-the Creator, for all these endless varieties of elementarymatter, wherewith he has of old stocked the earthly abodeof man; and thereby made a higher existence possible to him!"SECTION XXJEHOVAH, when speaking in Job, refers to the earthunder the figure of a pyramid-form of building (Seeverses 1 to 7 of the 38th chapter of Job, withthe marginal reading). Because of His reference to "socket"foundations "made to sink," we know that the Great Pyramidin particular is the building which, by his own arrangement,serves as this figure for the earth.While the actual mass of the Great Pyramid is indeed verysmall in comparison wit11 the mass ol the earth, and wliiletheir shapes are totally unlike each other, yet, by a remarkableand thoroughly characteristic method, the measures ofthe Great Pyramid agree proportionately with the measuresaf the earth. As we are able to stretch the measuringline upon the Great Pyramid, so, through this means, we areenabled to measure the earth, and even to "perceive the;breadth of the earth" (See Job 38 : 18).Professor C. Piazzi Smytll shows how the actual wcightin tons of the Great Pyramid, when multipled by 10 to the15th power, gives the Pyramid-ton weight of the earth. Thisis similar in computation to the Great Pyramid's indicationof the sun-distance; for in that case we multiply the actualvertical height of the monument by 10 to the 9th power.It is all the more remarkable that this proportion of 10 tothe 15th power for the weight of the earth, or even a totalwhich closely approximates to this scale, should be embodiedin the Pyramid's structure; for this weight-correspondencyimplies that the very stone with which the building was madewas specially selected as to its specific gravity. Had thePyramid been bdilt of granite, as it might have been, or Il:~tl137

any large section of it been covered with granite like the ThirdPyramid of Gizeh, this heavy stone with its greater specificgravity would have destroyed the "roundness" of the proportionbetween the Pyramid's total weight, and the carth'sweight.Calculating on the known solid bulk of the Great Pyramid,and of the known specific gravity of its stone-work, and thealready determined value for earth's mean density, ProfessorSr~~yth. computed the actual weight of the Great Pyramid,reckoning from the Socket-level base to the apex, to be, ina round figure, 5,273,000 Pyramid tons. This number oftons, multiplied by 10 to the 15th power, gives the weightof the earth in Pyramid tons, to at least a very closeapproximation.The Earth PyrawzidBut there is another method, to which we desire to drawattention, by which the Great Pyramid scientifically indicates.the weight, and also the cubical bulk, of the earth of whichit is the figure. This indication is not a direct one like thatpropounded by Professor C. Piazzi Smyth, where thc actualmaterial weight of the building is shown to be proportionateto the actual weight of the earth. We believe, however,that this other method of indication spoken of below yields,if anything, more accurate and more scientific results.In this further weight and bulk indication, the actual sizeof the Great Pyramid in Egypt gives us the scale on which tobase our calculation^. Other related factors in the calculationsare also furnished by the Pyramid, thus provingthat the Pyramid is the basis for this feature.The Great- Pyramid is what is known, mathematically,as a "n" pyramid; for the particular angle at which thesloping flanks of the building rise from their base-line to theapex endows that edifice with the .?r ratio, as alreadyexplained. The Great Pyramid, therefore, Scripturallypointed to as we have. noted, is the great material model ofall pyramids that are, or can be, scientifically constructedon the scale of the n ratio. This is one of the necessary1381 factors supplied by the Great Pyramid towards theIcalculations.Another necessary factor is the precise length of thegeographical mile; and this is also contained in the accuratedimensions of the Great Pyramid. As mentioned before,the exact length of the Pyramid Geographical Mile is equalto twice the perimeter of the Great Pyramid at the level ofthe natural rock base of the building. This particular level,as will be agreed, is the most appropriate one with which temonumentalise the Pyramid mile - length; for it is thenatural, solid, surface of earth, a specially-dressed andlevelled rock-surface not far above sea-level; with a squareindicated upon it, the actual side-length of which is markedby the dimensions of the great building reared upon it.Nothing could be more scientifically accurate; no measuredlength for a standard mile could be so well preserved as this.IThe side-length of this square, when multiplied by 8, a specialnumber in the Great Pyramid's proportionate climensions,is the precise length of the Pyramid geographical mile. This.is just another method of expressing the Pyramid's indicationof the mile-length; for twice the Rock-level square baseperimeter, is the same as 8 times the side-length.Still another factor in this earth's-weight, and bulk,indication is the precise length of the Pyramid cubit. Andthe Pyramid's basic number 10, and sacred number 5, whichenter so often into the proportionate features of the building,.are required in this feature also.IThe statement of the feature is this: The Planet Earth,and its measures, is specifically mentioned by the Creatorof Earth, who is also the Architect and Designer of the GreatPyramid, in direct connection with a pyramid form of buildingin the inspired Book of Job, chapter 38, verses 1 to 7.Therefore, a huge .?r-shaped pyramid, the cubical bulkof which agrees with the cubical bulk of the earth, either bulkfor bulk, or by some recognised and harmonious mathematicalproportion, can be reasonably accepted as the basis for thecalculation.The dimensions of thc huge earth-pyramid (to give it adistinctive name), n-shaped like the Great Pyramid of Gizeh,139

should be earth-commensurable, in the sense that the linearunits of measure which express these dinlensions should be thePyramid standard milts, the cubit and the mile. Also, to beappropriate and convincing, the numbers of such unitsshould, in the first instance as a foundational basis, bean even, round, number; for this is essentially a Pyramidmethod of calculating.The "earth-pyramid, " therefore, has a base-side lengthof an even, round, 10-thousand Pyramid miles, each milebeing equal in length to twice the Rock-level-base perimeterof the Great Pyramid of Gizeh, plus an even, round,5 - thousand Pyramid cubits, each cubit being earthcommensurable,or an even 10-millionth part of earth's semiaxisof rotation. Here, then, we have the foundation for thecalculations, appropriate, certainly, to the particularindication required, namely the weight of the earth, and itscubical bulk, in terms of the Great Pyramid of Egypt'sstandards.The "Eartlz-Pyranzid" CalculationsTo ascertain the cubical bulk of this ir-shaped pyramid, weneed only find the cube of the base-side length, and thenmultiply this cube by the ratio .212206590789+ (for this isthe correct ratio for a ir-shaped pyramid).For easy calculation, and ready means of comparison, wedesire to find the total number of cubical Pyramid cubits inthis huge earth-pyramid. We therefore find the correspondingvalue in cubits of the even 10-tliousand Pyramid miles, andadd to this the even 5,000 Pyramid cubits. This gives us thetotal number of cubits in the base-side length of the earthpyramid.(This total of Pyramid cubits amounts to29,179,675.6454+.)The cube of this total of Pyramid cubits, when multipliedby the ratio given above, yields the total of cubical Pyramidc.ubits in the entire bulk of the earth-pyramid, namely,5,272,301,630,400,000,000,000.To show how this final number gives both the Pyramid-tonweight of the earth, and the cubical bulk of the earth, by the140symmetric system furnished by the Great Pyramid of Gizeh,we shall cite briefly the explanation of this system by ProfessorC. Piazzi Smyth.Professor Smyth says that, weights, on the Pyramid system,.are calculable at once from Pyramid linear measures in thefollowing simple manner :"For small things, ascertain their bulk ill cubical inches,divide by 5, and the result is the weight in Pyramid pounds.[provided the said articles are of the same specific gravity as.the mean density of the earth]."For large masses, ascertain their bulk in cubical Pyramidcubits, add 4, and the result is the weight in Pyramid tons,.(under the same conditions of specific gravity)."Conversely, the Pyramid weight of a body of earth's mearr.density being given, to find its Pyramid cubical measure:"For small things, multiply the poilnds weight by 5, andit will give the number of cubical inches."For large masses, decrease the number of tons weight by1IIa 5th part, to find the number of cubical cubits." That is,if we know the total number of Pyramid tons in any bulkhaving the same specific gravity as the mean density of theearth, all we require to do to ascertain the number of cubical1cubits in this given bulk is: Deduct from the numberIrepresenting tons a 5th part. The remaining 415th~ representthe number of cubits.In the proportionate feature connected with the earthpyramid,the number of cubits in its bulk, as a number,represents the number of Pyramid tons in the earth's entiremass. And 415th~ of the actual bulk of the earth-pyramidare equal to the actual cubical bulk of the earth.That is to say, the entire mass of the earth-pyramid formsthe basis for the calculations, when reckoned in cubicalPyramid cubits. But only 4/5ths of this mass represents themass of the earth; and thus there are in the earth4,217,841,304,320,000,000,000. cubical Pyramid cubits.Applyiilg the rule explained by Professor Smyth for findingthe number of tons in any given mass, the cubical bulk ofwhich is knoyn, we add $ of the above nurilber of cubits toitself, and the resultant sum is the number of Pyramid lolls141

in the earth. This sum, representing tons, is the same as the.number of cubits in the earth-pyramid.These are the correct proportions, between weight and bulk,according to the eminently scientific Pyramid system, firstpropounded by Professor C. Piazzi Smyth. This system ofweights and measures, asshown, is based upon the capacityof the Coffer in the King's Chamber of the Great Pyramid ofGizeh. For taking the weight of the earth as being 5.7 timesheavier than pure water of a like mass, the interior capacitysf the Coffer, 71,250 cubic Pyramid inches, will hold exactlyane Pyramid ton of such pure water. This system of weights.and measures, earth-commensurable in every respect, will inthe future, we believe, become the recognised internationalsystem.The "Earth-Pyramid" Indication of Earth's BulkCom9ared with the Deductions of ScienceAs we have seen, therefore, this huge earth-pyramid, withits base-length of an even 10,000 Pyramid miles, plus an even5,000 Pyramid cubits, gives us in a symmetrical way both thecubical bulk of the earth, and the Pyramid-ton weight of theearth; the number of tons in the earth being equal tothe number of cubical cubits in the earth-pyramid, and thenumber of cubical cubits in the earth being 'equal to 4!5ths ofthe total of cubical cubits in the earth-pyramid.In order to compare this indication of the bulk of the earthwith the estimates of science, we require to convert the cubitsinto cubical British statute miles. This we can do by firstdividing the number of cubical cubits in the earth's bulk (or415th~ of the earth-pyramid) by 100,000-millions, and thenmultiplying by the ratio 4.0270024219259+. This calculationyields the number of cubical Pyramid miles in earth'sbulk, 169,852,571,478 in all. (To divide by 100,000-millions,move the decimal point at the end of the number representingPyramid cubits in earth's bulk eleven places to the left. Wethen get 42,178,413,043.2, and this multiplied by the ratiogiven yields the number of cubical Pyramid miles in earth'sbulk. )142Then, to ascertain the corresponding number of cubicalBritish statute miles, multiply the Pyramid miles by the ratio1.5300166776716+. (These ratios have all been carefullycalculated, and they are correct. )This further multiplication gives the cubical bulk of theearth as 259,877,267,107- British statute miles. Or, if weexpress these cubical miles in a round number, as is usual insuch large totals, we may say that the calculations based uponthe dimensions of the earth-pyramid show that the cubicalbulk of the earth is, in British statute miles, 259,880,000,000.'This is the exact total given in a round number by the BritishEmpire. Universities Modern English Dictionary of 1920,page 963. Whilc it is recognised that there is no need to bemore particular when presenting the estimate for the bulk ofthe earth, than is published bv the above Dictionary, webelieve it isdprobable that the precise indication for this bulkshown by the earth-pyramid is right.The Mass of the Great Pyranzid Compared witlzthe Mass of the EarthWhen dealing with such large numbers, as in the foregoing,it is difficult if not impossible to comprehend them. Somelarger unit than tons, or cubits, is required. But even then,unless we are able to visualise this larger unit, we cannot hopeto understand the true significance of numbers that run intothousands of millions. We might take the whole mass ofthe Great Pyramid itself as representing a unit, and seek tocompare this with the mass of the earth. But unless we firstscale down the enormous size of the earth to a figure morewithin our comprehension, the comparison between the massof the Great Pyramid and the mass of the earth will be to usof little practical value.We will therefor& scale down the earth's mass a 100,000-million times, and then seek to compare this greatly, butevenly, reduced earth's-size with the actual mass of the GreatPyramid. In other words, after dividing the number ofcubical Pyramid cubits in the earth's bulk by the even, round,number of 100,800-millions, find how many times the cul)ic;~l143

ulk of the Great Pyramid will divide into the resultant figure.According to the linear dimensions of the Great Pyramidalready accepted, the total number of cubical Pyramid cubitsin the entire monument, from the Socket-level base to theapex, is fully 10; millions, or, more particularly, 10,339,552.The even 100,000-millionth part of the number of cubicalPyramid cubits in the earth's bulk is 42,178,413,043.2. Theone number divides into the other 4079-327+ times. Thatis, it would require 4079.327-k Yyramids of the same size asthe Great Yyramid of Gizeh to form even a hundred-thousandmillionthpart of the bulk of the earth.The S-ymmetry of the ~nss~~omparisonThere is symmetry in this exact division of the Pyramid'smass into the earth's mass, which still further emphasizes theoneness of design in the measures of the earth, and of thePyramid, as is indicated in the Scriptural reference in theBook of Job. In this symmetrical feature the Pyramid'sbasic number 10 is required ; and this in itself is characteristicof the. Pyramid's system of proportions, being an integralpart of that system, as we have seen.When we add the Pyramid's basic number 10 to the numberof times that the Pyramid's entire mass will divide into earth'seven-red~~ced bulk, and regard the sum as the radius of a circle,we shall find that the circumference of this circle is as manyunits as there are years in the precession of the equinoxes.Thus: 4079.327+, the number in question, plus 10, gives4089.327-t as the radius of the circle. The circumference ofthe circle is, therefore, 25,694. (That is, practically, theprecise circumference being 25,693.9994+. )In other words, the sum of 4079.327+ and 10 is almostexactly the same as the numlxr of inches in the verticaldistance between the apex of the Great Pyramid, and the 1914A.D. level, or that level at which the perimete~ of the buildingis equal in inches to the years in the precession. Thesymmetry of this feature, strange though it may at first appearto be, is supported by the details of another feature, which weshall explain in the followring pages.144The "Earth-Pyramid" Indication of Earth's SurfaceArsa Compared with the Dedztctions of ScienceJust as we have found that the Great Pyramid's indicationof the actual bulk of the earth, when expressed in cubicalBritish statute miles, is in agreement with the estimates ofscience of the present day, so also with the estimates ofthe surface area of the earth, the figures are in practicalagreement with the indication based upon the earth-pyramid.Taking the precise number of cubical British statute milesin the bulk of the earth as shown by the cubical contents of415th~ of the symmetrical earth-pyramid, we can, by the rulesof mathematics governing spheres, find the number of squareBritish statute miles on the surface of the earth.We know that the polar diameter of the earth is less thanthe equatorial niaximurn and minimum diameters, and thattherefore the ea.rth is not a true sphere. But in calculatingthe cubical bulk, and surface area, an average or mean diameterderived from the actual diameters of the earth is taken as thebasis.This mean diameter of earth, used by us in our calculations,is 7917-533+ British statute milcs. (The Polar diameteris 7899.3134+, the Equatorial maximum and miniinurndiameters are 7926.6610+, and 7926.0849+, British statutemiles respectively. The actual mean between thesc threediameters is 7917.3531+, which is about .18 less than themean on which we base our calculations. But this is correct,for a little more must be allowed for, because the flatteningat the poles is considerable, and therefore more weight shouldbe given to the Equatorial diameters, as we have done).With this mean diameter of 7917.533+, we can calculatethat the surface area of the earth is, or must be very near to,196,938,058 British statute square miles. (To find the area ofa sphere, multiply the square of the diameter by the ratio T.)This number of square miles, expressed in a round number,can be stated as 196,940,000. The estimates of science, asgiven in a round number by the British Empire LTniversitit:sModern English Dictiona~ of 1920, page 963, is 196,940;400square British statute miles.I< 145

The careful estimates of science are thus very close to theindication of the surface area of the earth given by the GreatPyramid. Here again we are of the opinion that thePyramid's indication for this area, 196,938,058 square Britishstatute miles, is accurate ; that in this feature, as in the others,the GreaJ Pyramid contains all the scientific material forcalculating the truth. It is acknowledged that the findingsof science and the indications of the Pyramid are sufficientlynear to each other, to convince us of the truth of thc Pyramidtheory.The Remarkable Harm,ony between the Surface Area ofEarth and the Great Pyramid's DimensionsWhen we compute the surface area of the earth in squarePyramid miles (for such miles are in accord with the GreatPyramid), we find that this area presents some remarkablenumbers. They show that the very surface of the planet onwhich man lives and has his being was symmetricallyadjusted by the mighty Creator of heaven and earth, to agreewith outstanding periods, both in the working of the mechanismof earth's orbit, and in His glorious Plan of the Ages.For this is what we find: In square Pyramid geographicalmiles, each mile being in area equal to exactly 64 times theactual base-area of the Great Pyramid at the Rock-level, theprecise surface area of the earth amounts to 148,319,713. (Toconvert square British miles into the corresponding value insquare Pyramid miles, multiply the square British miles bythe ratio .75312874438150+. )When we deduct from this precise total of 148,319,713square Pyramid miles the representative Pyramid number of5 times 50, or 250 miles, we have the remainder 148,319,463.This remainder of square pyramid miles is equal to the sum ofa round, even, 50-thousand times 2915, plus a round, even,100 times 25,694-63, that is, the same number as there areyears in the precessional cycle.To make the correspondency clearer we may tabulate it:2915 multiplied by 50,000 . . . . . - . . 145,750,00025,694.63 multiplied by 100 . . . . . . 0,569,46350 multiplied by 5, both Pyramid numbers . . 25 3Sum =148,319,713Square Pyramid miles in the earth's surface area =148,319,713The reign of Christ is-declared in Scriptures to be 1000 years;and as He took to Himself His great power and began to reignin 1914 A.D., the completion of his reign will be reached bythe year 2914 A D ., or a complete period of 2915 years from thedate of his birth in 2 B.C. The number of years in theprecessional cycle we have already noted to be between 25,694and 25,695. The numbers 5 and 50 are special Pyramidnumbers, connected particularly with the symbolical King'sChamber.The fact that all of these definite periods and numbers shouldbe so evenly contained in the complete surface area of theearth, is surely not without deep significance. And that theyshould be thus sllown together in terms of the Pyramid'sstandard mile, is not only corroborative of the precise cubitlengthof that mile, but of all the related dimensions of theGreat Pyramid. All unite in pointing to the great importance,not only of the date when the world's Saviour and King leftthe glory of his former heavenly habitation and was born intothis world to begin his mighty work of purchasing andreclaiming the fallen race of mankind, but also of the datewhen he was due to begin his reign in righteousness at the closeof the Seven Times of Gentile dominion, 1914 A.D. Whenhis 1000 years' reign is completed, we read that he will thenhand over the Kingdom to God the Father, that the Fathermay be all in all.There have been many false Christs in the world, evenbefore the true Messiah came; but here we have anotherevidence as to the identity of the real Christ and Redeemer;for we see that even the very earth itself was formed to suchmeasures, that the advents of this true One are indicated by147

it. (All the calculations, the results of which we havegiven above, are accurate.)We see, therefore, still deeper significance in the questionsof Jehovah, when he asked if Job had "perceived thebreadth of the earth" ; and when he asked if Job knew whohad "laid the measures thereof, " and who had "stretchedtlle [measuring] line upon it." None but the AlmightyHimself could have so formed the earth, that it wouldcorroborate the truth of His Holy Word.SECTION XXITlze granite Coffer i;z tlzc King's Chamber of tltc Grecrt Pyramidof Gizelr ; the ntensurers and their IzeL$ers sitting crlorfgifs Western side to convey a92 idea of ifs sizeAencies given by Professor C. Piazxi Smyth are not so accuratelyDHERING as we have done to the one standard setof measures for the Coffer, presented on page 102,it might seem at first that some of the correspond-borne out by the calculations. Close esamiriation, however,proves that these correspondeilcies are more firmly establislledby the application of the standard measures, though not bythe direct methods spoken of by Professor Smyth. And weremember that it is only by taking advantage of the rangc ofdinlensions of the Coffer, that the features, according to themethods of indication chose11 by Professor Sniyth and others,can be said to esist. That is, it is only by taking more thanone length, breadth, and depth, exterior and interior, that anumber of these features can be made possible.For instance, Professor Snlyth draws attention to acalculation which claims that the cubical contents of a sphere,based upon the 10th part of the Icing's Chamber's cubicdiagonal, col-responds to the capacity of the Coffer. Theprecise dianlcter of this sphere is the 10th part of the cubicdiagonal-length of the chamber. Hut as the capacity of theCoffer is already established by theory as 71,250 cubicPyramid inches, and the contents of the sphere is provedby accurate calculatiorl to be 71,587.1156+ cubic inches,fully 337 more than the Coffcr's capacity, the corresporidencyis merely a rough approximation, and was so recognisedby Professor Smyth.Another proportion of the Coffer's dimensions mad(%prominent by Professor Smyth is that, the total exteriorcubical bulk of the vessel is double the interior capacity. 1311(149

this is also recognised to be an approximation; for double theinterior capacity is, by theory, 142,500 cubic inches, whilethe exterior bulk is not less than 143,155 cubic inches,or 655 inches difference. Nevertheless, both of these featurescan be said to be contained in the Coffer's dimensions ifadvantage be taken of the slight range of measures that it iscapable of, and.which, as before said, we belie~e to have beenthe intention of the Pyramid 's Designer.The Cojfe~'s Bulk is Proportionate to the CubicDiagonal of the King's Chamber Tlzroz~ghthe Meiliurn of a SfihereBut, now, there is a method of calculating that denlollstratesa correspondency between the sphere spoken of by ProfessorSmyth, and the cubical bulk of the Coffer. As in many ofthe Pyramid's proportionate features, we require the factor 10,the building's basic number, in the calculations.First, we regard a 10th part of the King's Chamber's cubicdiagonal as the diameter of a sphere; and by mathematicalcomputation we shall find that the cubical bulk of this sphereis 71,587.4156-t Pyramid inches. (See page 30 for thedimensions of the King's Chamber. To ascertain the cubicalbulk of a sphere, multiply the cube of the known diameterby the ratio T, and divide the result by 6.)From the cubical bulk of this sphere, whose diameter is theKing's Chamber's cubic diagonal divided by 10, deduct 10.We shall find that double the remainder is equal to the entirecubical bulk of the Coffer, to within less than 2 of an inch.For double the sphere's bulk, after deducting the Pyramid'sbasic number '10, is 143,154.8313f cubic inches ; and theexterior bulk of the Coffer, using the standard measures, is143,155.0727f.Another Indication of the Sphere's BulkThe cubical, bulk of the above-mentioned Sphere is indicatedby another method by the Coffer's dimensions. When weemploy any one dimension of the Coffer, we in reality150recognise alJ of the dimensions, for all arc dependent uponeach other when we consistently adhere to the theoretical71,250 capacity measure.In this feature we take the Coffer's interior width as thebasis. The number 5, and the single Pyramid inch, arerequired in the calculations. Thus, a rectangle, the lengthof which is exactly 1 inch more than the breadth, and thebreadth of which is precisely 10 times the interior width ofthe Coffer, has an area equal to the cubic Inches in the spherein question, when we add 5 inches to this area. The differencebetween the two quantities is less than 4 of an inch. (Thewidth of the rectangle is exactly 10 times the interior widthof the Coffer. The length of the rectangle is just one inchmore than the width. Therefore the area of this rectangleis 71,582.8820+ square inches, according to the standardmeasures on page 102. Add the Pyramid's sacred number 5to this area, and we get the sum 71,587.8820f. The bulkof the sphere, the diameter of which is exactly a 10th partof the King's Chamber's cubical diagonal, is 71,587.4156+cubic inches. )The Day-Duration of the Solar Tropical YearIndicated by the Dimensions of the CofferThe "Quarter Measure" is, as first pointed out hy JohnTaylor and amply verified by the later investigations ofProfessor C. Piazzi Smyth, equal, anciently, to the exactquarter of the Coffer's interior capacity, that is : 71,250divided by 4 = 17,812.5 cubic Pyramid inches.Now, the thicknesses of the Coffer's four sides and bottomwere so designed that, when we add a quarter of their entirecubical bulk to the above-mentioned quarter of the interiorcapacity, the sum of the two quantities agrees in cubical incheswith the days in the solar tropical year by the following method:We know that the total number of inches in the perjmeterof the Pyramid's Socket-level base equals the number of daysin exactly 100 solar tropical years. At a vertical height abovethe Socket base equal to the length of the Ante-Chamber,116.2602+ inches, we find that the number of inches in the151

perimeter of the building at this definitely-fixed higher levelis equal to the days in 98 solar years. The complete perimeterof the Pyramid at this higher level, and the number of daysin 98 solar tropical years, agree as 35,793.7354+ inch-days.If we deduct the Pyramid's sacred number 5 from this totalwe get 35,788.7354t. This final number is equal to the sumof the two quarters of the Coffer detailed, namely, the quarterof the interior capacity, 17,812.5 plus the quarter of thecubical bulk of the sides and bottom, 17,976.2681 + , equalling35,788.7681+, cubic inches. The difference between the twototxls is less than a 30th part of an inch. (The entire cubicalbulk of granite in the Coffer's four sides and the bottom is71,905 -07271 inches).The bulk of the Granite Leaf in the Ante-Chambera d the Infeerior Capaci?y of the CoffeerProfessor C. Piazzi Smyth draws attention to thc interestingfact that the cubical bulk of the lower of the two stonesforming the Granite Leaf in the Ante-Chamber is, approximately,equal to the quarter of the Coffer's capacity. ThisAnother Indication of the Solar Year Connectedwith the Coffer's DimemionsWe find that the measures of tlie Coffer have been soproportioned that the exterior of the vessel agrees with theinterior, through the medium of recognised Pyramid numberslike 10, 5, etc., or the day-value of the year. For instance,the area of the bottom of the Coffer, that is, the exteriorhorizontal area, is so balanced to the interior capacity of71,250 cubic inches, that they agree by the followingproportions :First, we reduce the Coffer's exterior horizontal area byexactly 1 Pyramid inch, and we get 3472.527441 squareinches.Second, add to this reduced area the same number of inchesas there are days in exactly 10 solar tropical years. The sumis equal to 7124.949421.Third, multiply this sum by 10, and we get 71,249-4942t;which final result is only about .$ inch under the precise 71,250cubic-inch capacity of the Coffer's interior. In this, as in allother features connected with the Coffer, we are, of course,using the one set of standard dimensions of the vessel presentedon page 102. Were we to take advantage of the limited rangeof measures for the (,offer, the agreements could in every casebe shown to be exact.152Pasbi~ig uiider the Grnmite Leaf in tl~eAnte-Clrrr~~rber of the GreatPyi,arr?id of G~zcl~was the discovery of Major Tracey, and is referred to byProfessor Smyth in his 5th edition of 02~ Inheritance in tlzeGreat Pyramid in the following words:"Major Tracey again shows that the lower stone of thcGranite Leaf, that this lower stone, I say, which is fairly153

dressed, rectangular, and the one on which the upper stonewith its Boss-divisions of the cubit rests, expresses a notabledivision of Che capacity measure of the Coffer. For itpresents us, within the walls of the Ante-Chamber, with afourth part of that Coffer vessel's contents; or with theveritable 'corn quarter' of old, and which is still the Britishquarter corn-measure, both by name and fact and practicaluse. "Professor Smyth then goes on to show that the entire cubicalbulk of the Granite Leaf presents us with the value of theratio n. He continues: "The above conclusion for the lowerstone of the Leaf has been tested by various persons, and foundto come very close to the numbers recorded [that is, thepractical measures demonstrate a close approximation tothe quantity required] ; but quite recently a new idea was sentto me by the Rev. C. W. Hickson, to the purport that thewhole Granite Leaf contained, of cubic inches, a number equalto n niultiplied by 10,000. "The reference to the "Boss" on the upper stone of theGranite Leaf, in connection with the cubit, in the words ofProfessor Smyth whicli we have quoted above, necessitatesour giving a further quotation: "What is there, in theAnte-Chamber, divided into five? 'The Great Pyramid'sown scientific, earth-cornpensuric, c~bit,' answers MajorTracey; 'for here it is so divided in the shape of this projectingBoss on the Granite Leaf, just five inches broad. And,further, that fifth part of that 25-inch cubit of the GreatPyramid's symbolical design, is divided into five again; forthe thickness of this remarkable Boss is, though roughly, 115thof its breadth. So there you have the division of the peculiarPyramid cubit into 5 x 5 inches."Professor Smyth continues to describe the Boss, and itsunique uncelztral position on the upper of the two blocks ofthe Granite Leaf: "The Boss, a flat bas-relief one inch thickor protruding from the stone, is on the north side of the upperof the two blocks forming that 'Granite Leaf' which crossesthe Ante-Chamber near its northern end . . . Why then is theBoss not even approx-irnately in the middle of the GraniteLeaf, or in the centre hstween the two sides of the Very narrow154apartment containing it? (only 41.21 inches broad betweenthe granite wainscots.)"My measures of 1865 show that the Boss is just one inchaway on one side of the centre; and as it will be elsewhereshown that it was a Great Pyramid method to indicate a small,but i~nportant, quantity by an cxcentricity to that amountin some far grander architectural feature [namely, theexcentricity of the Niche in the east wall of the Queen'sChamber; for the vertical central line of this Niche is preciselyone Pyramid cubit away from, south of, the vertical centralline of the east wall of that chamber, thus monumentalisingthe earth-commensurable Pyramid cubit]-we cannot butaccept this measured excentricity of the Boss as an additionalPyramid memorial of the very thing which is being calledfor by the sceptical just now, viz., one single, little inchinemorialised by the builders of the most colossal piece ofarchitecture the world has ever beheld. [We have now seenother methods by which the Great Pyramid was made tomemorialise the single inch, and single cubit, namely, bymeans of the proportionate features of the Coffer, and otherparts of the building.]"All the more decidedly too, " continues Professor Smyth,"when as Mr. St. John Vincent Day has since shown, thatvery excentric position of the Boss, by the amount of justone inch, has enabled the distance from its centre to the easternend of the Leaf itself in its well-cut grooves in the granitewainscot to be, within the limits of mensuration errors, justa whole Pyramid cubit = 25.025 British inches, or somethingvery near to it indeed. So that exactly here, where everywould-be-enterer into the King's Chamber must bow the head,there is suspended over him the whole cubit, its fifth partand its twenty-fifth part or inch unit; which, though so small,yet it is as securely monumentalised in this vast building,as anything else of much larger size: clearly, too, thoughroughly; but in a manner which has lasted up to this veryday. "Regarding the suggestion of the Rev. C. W. Hickson,elucidated by Professor C. Piazzi Sdyth, namely, that theentire cubical bulk of the Granite 'Leaf is equal to a round,155

even, 10-thousand times the value of the ratio T, we heremention that in our volume I of Great Pyramid Passages,pages 316--320, we present what we believe to be a moreconvincing method of establishing as correct this interestingand important feature ; more convincing, we mean, thanProfessor Smyth's explanation; for Professor Smyth did notseem to realize fully the significance of the one-inch-thick siderebates or projections which run up the northern face of theLeaf, on the east and west sides of both upper and lower blocksforming the Leaf. Professor Smyth knew of these siderebates, of course, but did not take them into accountsufficiently when explaining the scientific importance of theAnte-Chamber and its Granite Leaf. The northern face ofthe side rebates is on the same level as the face of the Boss;and by taking advantage of the extra inch thickness for theentire Leaf, both top and bottom stones, which these rebatesprovc must have been the original thickness of the GraniteLeaf before the cutting began, the measurements yield thecubical bulk required by the theory suggested by the Rev.Hickson, even more exactly than he, with his insufficientdata, could have thought possible.And now we find that, by the Great Pyramid's thoroughlycharacteristic system of proportions, the Granite Coffer in theKing's Chamber, in its scientifically accurate interiorcapacity, can be said to contain within its walls, these threedefinite quantities: (1) The entire Granite Leaf, cqual to aneven 10,000 times the ratio T. (2) The Pyramid cubit-length,which is so wonderfully monumentalised by the position ofthe Boss on the northern face of the Granite Leaf, asis explained by Professor C. Piazzi Smyth. (3) The full floorlengthof the Grand Gallery, which the entire southern faceof the Granite Leaf also shows; for the exact area of the GraniteLeaf's visible south (or north) face, including both upperand lower blocks, is 188,l-5985+ square Pyramid inches,that is, equal to the floor-length oi the Grand Gallery, aspointed out in Vol. I of Great Pyramid Passages, page 318.But these quantities here noted are not contained inthe Coffer's interior capacity of 71,250 cubic inches by adirect addition. The. means by which the Coffer could contain156'lall these dimensions, and yet hold them secret for a time, isthrough the medium of one of the pyramid's factors to whichwe have already drawn attention, namely, the l/lOth, and9/10ths, proportion; which factor, as we saw, is monumentalisedin the King's Chamber (See page 121).The proportionate method by which the Coffer's interiorcapacity agrees with the Granite Leaf in the Ante-Chamber,which Granite Leaf embodies within itself all three quantitiesjust enumerated, is this: From exactly one-half of the Coffer'sinterior cubical capacity of 71,250 inches, i.e., from 35,625cubic inches, deduct the cubical bulk of the Granite Leaf,31,415.9265+ cubic inches (which is an even 10,000 timesthe ratio r). The remainder is 4209.0734t cubic inches.Reduce this remainder of 4209.0734+ by exactly 1110thpart; and from the remaining 9/10ths deduct one Pyramidcubit of 25 pyramid inches. Wc then get the final renlainderof 3763.1661 + inches.The concluding stage in thc calculation is to halve csactlythis final remainder of 3763.1661+ inches; and we shall findthat the half is, to within less than a 60th part of an inch,equal to the standard floor-length of the Grand Gallery. Forthe half of 3763.1661+ is 1881,5830+, while the GrnndGallery floor-length is 1881.5985+ Pyramid inches, if wetake tlle standard length for this passage. The differenceis negligible, being merely .01549+ of an inch.The Coffet,, and the Days in 1000 Solar Tropicnl YearsThere is another feature in the Coffer's dimensions that showsthe 10th and 9110th~ proportion, in conjunction with theperfect number 7. The basis of this feature is the Coffer'sexterior breadth; and by a proportion it indicates the numberof days in 1000 solar tropical years.Regard the exterior breadth of the Coffer as the side-lengthof a cube. To the number of cubic inches in this cube add 70,and multiply the sum. by 7. The result of this calculationis 405,824.6651+ inches. When we reduce this total 'by a10th part, the remaining 9110th~ amount to 365,242.1986-t,or as many inches as there are days in a round 1000 years.I 157

Further Correspondencies between the Dimensions ofthe Cbffer and the King's ChamhevBriefly, we note two other dimensional correspondenciesbetween the King's Chamber and the Coffer which it holds:First, when we deduct the Pyramid's basic number 10 fromthe sum of all the exterior and interior surface areas ol theCoffer, and then divide the remainder by 70, we get the lengthof the King's Chamber to within less than a 200th part of aninch of the1 standard length for that chamber. (Oralternatively, we add together: the areas of the esterior andinterior sides, ends, and bottoms, and we get the sum14,429-7672+ square inches. Deduct from this sum 5 inches,and divide the remainder by 35, i.e., 5 x 7. The result is412.1362+, which is very close to the standard length of theKing's Chamber, namely, 412.1316+, the difference being.0045+ of an inch, or less than a 200th part.)Second, when we multiply the Coffer's exterior solid, orcnbic, diagonal by 8, we find that the result is, to within lessthan a 5th part of an inch, equal to the sum of theKing's Chamber's length, width, and height.(The Coffer'sexterior cubic diagonal, multiplied by 8, equals 848.7701 +i~lches, while the sum of the lei~gth, width, and height of theI< ing 's Chamber is, as mentioned before, 848.5861 + . )The Coffer is n "Blind Sarcophagus"Our object in drawing attention to the Coffer's indications,by its distinctive system of symmetric proportions, of thelengths of the various passagcs and the dimensions of theI'yraniid generally, is to demonstrate, as we said before, thatthe Coffer is a part, and a most important part, of the GreatI'yramid's entire design. They enable us to place confidencein the deductive teaching of the Coffer, even though it hasthe appearance of having been made to serve as a sarcophagus.For along the top west edge of the Coffer there is a cut-outledge, and shallow grooves run along the inside surfaces ofthe other three sides tc correspond with the depth of this ledge,. the \vivhoJe arrangement being suitable for the sliding on of a158lidr And yet, in a11 records of the Pyramid, both ancientand modern, the Coffer has with one consent been spoken ofas a lidless -'one chest. The lid, if it actually was made bythe ancient workmen, is not referred to by any writer. Ifit ever existed (for there is a question if it did) it hascompletely disappeared, not even a fragment remaining.Professor C. Piazzi Smyth and rnany other writers on theGreat Pyramid make it clear that the cut-out ledge and itscorresponding grooves in no way interferes with the leadingtheory, that the Coffer was intended by the great Architectand Designer to serve as the standard for Capacity measures,and Weight measures, for the use of all nations. This Coffer,having the superficial appearance of a sarcophagus, has beenable on that very account to preserve its secret purposethrough the centuries. Serving as a "blind sarcophagus, "as Professor Smyth has named it, men in general have takenit for granted that it was made for the reception of adead monarch, and that the whole Pyramid is merely agigantic nlausoleum. But the more we understand aboutthe Great pyramid, the less do we think it necessary to defendit against the advocates of the "tombic" theory, except inso far that there is absolutely no material or literary evidencethat the building was so used. With Professor Smyth webelieve that the monument and its Coffer symbolise a tomband sarcophagus, not merely to hide for a time its DivineAuthorship, but to corroborate in its grand architectural waythe Scriptural declaration that through death Christ destroyedhim that has the power of death, that is, the Devil (Hebrews2: 14).An earnest student of the Pyramid's wonderful teachings,Mr. Clive Kenrick of Edgbaston, England, believes we dowell to emphasise the fact that the Coffer has always beenreferred to as an empty, lidless, stone chest, ever since the dayit was first seen, and so described, by Caliph A1 Mamoun in820 A.D. He suggests, in agreement with the opinion of allwho hold to the belief that the Great Pyramid, by itssymbolisms, contains spivitual truths as well as truths of ascientific nature, that the Coffer, because it has the outwardappearance of a sarcophagus, but is empty, was through this159

means intended by the Designer to stand as a "symbol of theresurrection. "Just as the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead wasdemonstrated by the angel, when he directed the sorrowingwomen's attention to the empty grave, saying: "Pear not ye:for I know that you seek Jesus, which was crucified. He isnot here: for he is risen, as he said. Come, see theplace where the Lord lay. And go quickly, and tell hisdisciples that he is risen from the dead" (Matthew 28 : 5-7),so the empty Coffer ifi the King's Chamber, which is like anopened and vacated coffin in a sepulchral tomb, illustratesthe resurrection from the death-state. The empty Colfer,as a material symbol, confirms that great and comfortingspiritual truth, which caused the inspired apostle to exultand exclaim: "0 death, where is thy sting? 0 grave, whereis thy victory? " (1 Corinthians 15 : 55).part of an inch, equal to the standard length of the GranitePlug. (The interior cubic diagonal of the Coffer, whenmultiplied by 2, is equal to 178-2382+ Pyramid inches, whilethe standard length of the Granite Plug is 178-1892+, theThe Width of the Queen's ChamberThere are several proportionate features which indicateconnections between the dimensions of the Coffer and thcdimensions of the Queen's Chamber. We shall refer to onein the meantime. The measurement in the Coffer whichindicates the width of the Queen's Chamber between the northand south walls, is the interior floor-diagonal. This floordiagonal,when multiplied by 5, equals twice the width ofthe Queen's Chamber, to within less than a 30th part of aninch of that chamber's standard width. Or, to state theindication more directly, 5 times the semi-floor-diagonal ofthe Coffer is 205.6425+ inches, while the Queen's Chamber'swidth is 205.6123+.The Length of the Granite Plug in the FirstAscending PassageEven the length of the highly symbolical Granite Plugwhich stops up the First Ascending Passage, is not omittedin the wonderful Coffer's measures. For twice the interiorcubic diagonal of the Coffer is, to within less than a 20th160The Descending Passage of the Great Pyramid of Gizeh; thelower reach of which is now closed by an iron grilldoor; showing the lower butt-end of theGranite Plug in the roof. The GranitePlug closes the elztrance of theFirst Ascendilzg Passagedifference being .0489+, or less than a 20th part of an inch.If we were to take advantage of the slight range of measures,as already intimated, this feature, like the others, could beshown to be exact. But, for the reasons stated, it is preferableto always make use of the one standard set of measures forthe Coffer, as given on page 102.)L 161

The Meaning of the Granite P1.q LengthAs the length of the Granite Plug is so closely indicatedby the standard measures of the Coffer, we may be sure thatthere must be a deep meaning attached to this length. Andso we do find it; for the precise length of the Granite Plug,and also its exact position in the lower end of theFirst Ascending Passage, agree with one of the most importanttime-measurements which the passage-system of the GreatPyramid was Divinely arranged to monumentalise.This time-measurement is the Pyramid's corroboration ofthe period beginning at the exodus of the nation of Israel fromEgypt, and ending at the date of our Lord's death. Accordingto the accurate Bible chronology this period is 1647 years,from Spring of 1615 B.C. to Spring of 33 A.D. The inchmeasurementnow referred to closely agrees with this number ofyears, being 1647.32501- inches, or barely a 3rd of an inchmore than the precise amount required. This, the standardmeasurement in inches, is supported by a number of distinct,and harmonious, scientific features.It is often stated by writers on the Great Pyramid that the"Point of Intersection" where the floor-line of the FirstAscending Passage intersects the floor-line of the DescendingPassage, marks the date of the Exodus. While this statementmay be accepted, yet it is true only in a general way, for theexact date of the Exodus is not here marked by a definite timemeasurement.But by a method, both exact and characteristicof the Great Pyramid, the First Ascending Passage doescorroborate the period from the time of Moses to the time ofChrist's sacrifice. This method requires the recognition ofthe Granite Plug in a special and appropriate way.The beginning of the period when the nation of Israel wasseparated from Egypt was signalised by the giving of the Lawthrough Moses, the passover lamb being the first part. Inthe symbolism of the Great Pyramid the Law is representedby the Granite Plug; while the Law Age or the time duringwhich the people of Israel endeavoured to observe the Law,is represented by the First Ascending Passage. It was at,and by, the sacrificial death of Jesus Christ who was the great162antitypical Passover Lamb of God, that this Law was "takenout of the way, " Christ having "nailed it" to his cross. Forthe covenant people found that the Law although "ordained tolife," was to them in their imperfect condition a way to death.The Law is perfect, and imperfect man cannot observe itor satisfactorily pass its exacting , requirements. In thecorroborative Great Pyramid, the First Ascending Passage isrendered impassable because of the obstruction of the GranitePlug at its lower end.The exact date of the crucifixion and resurrection of Christis marked by the line of demarkation between the FirstAscending Passage and the Grand Gallery, and this illustratesthe ending of the Law Age, and the beginning of the Age ofGrace, that is, the Gospel Age. Therefore, any timemeasurementthat corroborates the period of the operationof the Law, from the Exodus to the death of Christ, wouldrequire to terminate at this line of demarkation, if such timeindicationis to be reasonably convincing. But the totallength of the First Ascending Passage is too short to agreein inches with the 1647-year period, being about 15439Pyramid inches. Here, then, is where the utility of theGranite Plug in the time-measurements becomes apparent.The length of this Plug, and its exact position in thepassage, enable it to fill out the total number of inchesnecessary by the following method :To the distance along the floor-line which lies between thelower, northern, end of the Granite Plug and the upperextremity of the First Ascending Passage, add the length ofthe Granite Plug itself. The resultant sum is just that totalof Pyramid inches required to agree with the Law-period inquestion. We now know, declared Charles T. Russell, whodrew our attention to this interesting feature, why the GranitePlug was so firmly fixed over 4000 years ago that it hasremained in its present position during these mafiy centuries,namely, that it should add its testimony, silently butunmistakably, to the truth of the Lord's Word, and to thecorrectness of the great epochs into which the Lord's Plan ofthe Ages has been subdivided.For this time-measurement, in addition to the many others.163

proves that Charles T. Russell was correct in his interpretationof the Bible Chronology. This period of 1647 years bridgesover all of those links in the chronological chain with whichchronologers have experienced difficulty. But as Charles T.Russellpoints out in his work, Studies in the Scri$tures, suchdifficulties arise only when the admittedly unreliable recordsof secular history are given too much credence. Taking therecords of the Old and New Testaments, and relying upon,secular history only where it is not at variance with them,Bible chronology presents no difficulties which cannot easilybe surmounted. And when we find that the time-measurementsof the Lord's stone Witness in Egypt agree consistently withthis Bible chronology, we are confirmed in our belief in thetimes and seasons which are based upon this chronology.(See the list of Bible dates in the Tinte-Fentl~res book.)in Bethlehem, God the Father had arranged that His Sonshould have joint-heirs in the Kingdom (See Ephesians 1 : 4, 11).It is appropriate, therefore, that the first period of 1647years, in the beginning of which Moses foretold of the comingProphet, and at the end of which the inspired Apostle referredto the risen Lord as that Prophet, should be found in connectionwith the second period of 1915 years in the dimensions of theCoffer which lies in the symbolical King's Chamber. Foruntil the 1915-year period had run its course the events in the1647-year period could not receive fulfilment.The First Ascending Passages' "Extended" Measureof 1647 inches shown in the Coffer's DimensionsMoses, who is called the Law-giver, was also a prophet.One of his greatest utterances as a prophet was quoted bythe Apostle Peter: "For Moses truly said unto the fathers,'A prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you of yourbrethren, like unto me; him shall ye hear in all thingswhatsoever he shall say unto you. And it shall come to pass,that every soul, which will not hear that prophet, shall bedestroyed from among the people"' (Acts 3 : 10-26).It was some time after the resurrection of Jesus Christ that.the Apostle spoke these words, probably not long afterPentecost when the Holy Spirit first came upon the waitingdisciples(See Acts, 2nd chapter). But while at this time,fully 1647 years after the Exodus, the Apostle referred to the.risen Lord as that Prophet, he also, by inspiration, intimatedthat He would be retained in heaven until the "times ofrestitution of all things," which began in 1874 A.D. In the.year 1878 A.D. the members of His body began to rise fromthe dead; and in 1914 A.D. we believe the foretold Prophet,head and body, began to exercise power over the nations. Forwhile Jesus Christ was spoken of as King even from his birth164By the following proportion the Coffer's dimensions presentboth of these periods together, by corresponding inchmeasurements:Taking one half of the interior capacityof the Coffer, we have the basis of the calculation. From a10th part of this half capacity deduct 1915 inches. Theremainder is, to within about, a 6th part of an inch, equalto the extended length of the First Ascending Passage. Orif we deduct the standard extended length of the FirstAscending Passage, 1647.3250+ inches, from the 10th partof half of the Coffer's capacity, that is, from 3562.5, theremainder is 1915.1749+, which is a sufficiently closeindication of the precise 1915-year period.165

Other Coffer Indications of tk 1915 and 2915 Peri,.But there are other dimensional features in the Coffer thatindicate the 1915-year period, sometimes alone, and sometimesin connection with the added 1000 years of the Millennium,i.e., the 2915-year period. All of these indications are, ofcourse, proportional, and they are all based upon the Coffer'sstandard set of measures given on page 102. We shall heredraw attention to some of them:First, when we multiply the exterior breadth of the Cofferby 50, the special number of the King's Chamber, and reducethe result by an even 100th part, the sum of the remaining99 parts is 1915-0367+ inches. Like the proportions of a10th and 9110th~ so often found in the Pyramid's calculations,the proportions of a 100th, and 991100th~ are also frequentlyrequired ; and also, even, the proportions of a 1000th, and99911000th~. These proportions are quite in accord withthe Pyramid's mathematical design.Second, by an area the Coffer indicates the 2915-year periodas follows : Take 10 times the interior end area of the Coffer,and regard this as the circumference of a circle. Computethe length of the diameter of this circle, and it will be foundto be 2915.0609+ inches. The results of both of the aboveindications are practically the exact number of inches necessaryto represent the precise periods of 1915 and 2915 years. (Theinterior end area, based upon the Coffer's standard measures,is 915.79341 + square Pyramid inches. )Third, by using the exterior side diagonal as a basis, there isa calculation which shows the 1915-year period, and the squareof the days in the solar tropical year, together, and exact towithin a fraction of an inch. With the standard measuresfor length and height, the esterior diagonal of one side of theCoffer is found to be 85.0238848293+ Pyramid inches.Regard this exterior side diagonal as being the side-lengthof a cube. The number of cubic inches in this cube is964,170.57166+. Multiply the double of this number ofinches by 10, and deduct 10 inches from the result. Thefinal result is then found to be 19,283,401 -43321- inches.This total of inches is, to within less than + of an inch, equal166to a round, even, 10,000 times 1915, plus the square of thedays in the solar tropical year. (The square of the days inthe solar tropical year, as mentioned before, is 133,401.8636+,which is the exact number of square cubits in the Socket-levelsquare base of the Pyramid. Add this number to an even10,000 times 1915, and we get the sum 19,283,401.8636+,which differs from the above final number of inches by lessthan + an inch.)The 33i Years of ozlr Lord's Earthly SojournThe Coffer, in one of its symbolical meanings, representsthe Holy Ark of the Covenant which stood in the Most Holyof the tabernacle and temple. This Ark represented our Lord,and all the Kingly and Priestly glory that are his. It is right,therefore, that the Coffer which stands in the same relationshipto the King's Chamber as the Ark did to the Most Holy of thetemple, should show forth the glory and Kingdom of theChrist of God.It is by its proportionate indications of the 1915 and 2915periods of years, that the Coffer brings prominently before usthe spiritual power and beauty of our Lord, and his Kingdomreign in righteousness of a 1000 years, from 1914 to 2914 A.D.But this marvellous Coffer not only pointedly suggestsltous the thought of Christ's Kingdom-glory and power, but alsoeven the great foundational work of His first advent into theworld, namely, his 333 years of life as the Man Christ Jesus,in the last 34 years of which he suffered while ministeringand preaching the coming Kingdom. Having done the willof his Father perfectly in every detail, he at 334 years of agedied the just for the unjust, a perfect ransom-sacrifice orcorresponding price for Adam and the whole human race,that he might bring us back to life and harmony with God.These 334 years are corroborated in the Pyramid by the 334inches at the upper end of the First Ascending Passage,appropriately between those two points on the floor-line thatmark the very dates of Christ's birth and sacrificial death,i.e., the point in horizontal alignment with the producedfloor-level of the Queen's Chamber for the first date, and the167

TAL PASSAGE

All of these truths, taught in the Scriptures, andcorroborated by the symbolism and measures of the GreatPyramid, are connectedly shown in this one little hollowblock of granite in the King's Chamber, the Coffer, andso accurately that we need never doubt their authenticity.No man could have put them there without inspiredguidance.The thought of the "Grand-Gallery" experiences of ourLord's walk as a New Creature, and the 339 years of his lifeon earth, are connectedly shown by the interior dimensionsof the Coffer. Just as the rectilinear block of granite formingthe Coffer had, before the interior hollow was made, sixexterior surfaces, so the interior hollow may be said to havesix interior surfaces, even though it is open. We can assumethe existence of a top interior area equal to the floor-area,by imagining a flat cover placed over the opening.Computing the total area of all six interior surfaces of theCoffer, we find that the Grand Gallery length, and the 33%inches at the upper end of the First Ascending Passage, areboth shown by the following method: We first deduct fromthe sum of all six areas 334 inches. The remainder, whendivided by 6, gives us the average for one interior surface.This average is equal in square inches to the linear inchesin the Grand Gallery length, to within less than a 100th partof an inch of the standard length. . (The total number ofsquare inches in the Coffer's six interior areas is 11,323-0373+,using the standard measures on page 102. Deduct 33& inches,and divide the remainder by 6 for the average, and we get1881.5895+. The standard floor-length of the Grand Galleryis 1881.5985+ inches. The difference is merely .0089+ ofan inch, or less than 100th part.)Another method of explaining this proportionate featureis to compare the total number of inches in the Coffer's sixinterior areas, with the sum of: (1) the total floor-distancefrom the point at the upper end of the First Ascending Passagewhich marks the date of Jesus Christ's birth, up to the southernterminal of the Grand Gallery, 1915.0538+ inches, (2) plus5 times the standard floor-length of the Grand Gallery,9407.9927+ inches. The sum of these is 11,323.0466+.170As the total interior surface area of the Coffer is 11,323.03736+inches, the difference is less than a 100th part of an inch overall, or .0092+ of an inch. By this method, therefore, notonly are the two floor-lengths corroborated by the dimensionsof the Coffer, and by this means also the dimensions of theKing's Chamber (for these floor-lengths, as we have seen,corroborate the King's Chamber's measures), but the threeprominent dates connected with Christ's first advent, andthe establishment of his Kingdom are likewise confirmedonce more, namely, 2 B.C. and 33 A.D. for the birth,and the sacrificial death, of Christ, and 1914 A.D. for the endof Gentile dominion and the assumption of Kingly power byHim whose right it is to reign.The Number of the S$irit-Begotten Overcomers ofthe Gos$el Dis$ensationWhile the Coffer by the above method indicates the lengthof the Grand Gallery to a very close degree of accuracy, thereis another proportionate feature which yields the Gallerylength still more precisely. The Gallery is the Pyramid'sgrand symbol of the Gospel Dispensation or Age, the periodset apart by the heavenly Father for the calling-out of HisSons, joint-heirs with Jesus Christ in the Kingdom. Jesushimself was called from his birth, for he was born into thisworld that he might become earth's great King in due time,as he declared : "To this end was I born" (John 18 : 37). Thespirit-begotten Church of the firstborn began to be selectedfrom the world after Jesus Christ's death and resurrection,at Pentecost.Jesus Christ, the glorified Lord, promised: "To him thatovercometh will I grant to sit with me in my throne, evenas I also overcame and am set down with my Father in histhrone. " And the Revelator said that he heard the numberof them that were sealed, "an hundred and forty and fourthousand" (Revelation 3 : 21 ; 7 : 4 ; 14 : 1-5).The Great Pyramid's Coffer in the King's Chamber,representative of the Ark in the temple's ,Most Holy, not onlyindicates by its simple, yet wonderfully adjusted dimensions,171

the various passage-lengths, chamber-dimensions, and interiorand exterior measures of the Pyramid generally, as well as thesize and weight of the earth, and the durations of the year,month, and precessional cycle, but also the most importantnumber of all, namely, the 144,000, the number of the GospelAge overcomers.Appropriately, this indication of the 144-thousand isconnectedly shown with the length of the Grand Gallery, thesymbol of the upward walk of the spirit-begotten followersof Christ in the Gospel Age.It is in this mathematical and geometrical way that theCoffer illustrates the close union of the 144-thousandovercomers of the Gospel Age with their Lord and Head JesusChrist; and demonstrates how their very number, declaredin the Scriptures, is bound up with all the features and timesand seasons of Jehovah's great Plan of the Ages, ascorroborated by the varied, yet harmonious, measures of theGreat Pyramid. How well indeed does the Great Pyramidfulfil its mission as God's Sign and Witness in the land ofEgypt !I&..;;:'HORIZONTAL-Dg&e_-kygl_ -- --LINEI. . {AMBER FLOOR-LINE =LEVEL OF SUMMIT OF WELL-SHAFTPLANE OF HUMAN PERFECTIONThe calculation which indicates these two numbers togetheris based upon the exterior length of the Coffer, and byproportions which we have now seen several times. Whenwe regard the Coffer's exterior length as the side-length of acube, we find that the number of inches in this cube is equalto the sum of 5 times 144,000, plus 2 times the floor-lengthof the Grand Gallery. (This sum is 723,763.1970f inches;and using the Coffer's standard exterior length as the sidelengthof a cube, the number of cubical Pyramid inches in thecube is found to be also 723,763-1970f .)172

SECTION XXIINo. 3 SQUARE g 33 3Area = 48.250' inches 3 5m PNa 2 SQUAREArea = 95,750 inchesNO. 1 SQUAREArea = 144,000' inches= 1915 x 50 IDiagram to Illustrate the Geometrical Connectionbetween the Numbers7 1,250 and 144,000 and 1915SUM of NOS. 2 and 3 Squares - - 144,000 = No. 1 Square.- IDifference of Nos. 2 and 3 Squares = 47,500 = %rds of Coffer's capacityAdd half d~fference - - - - 23,750 1Sum -174I71,250 -- Full capacity of Coffer. Q E.D.THE GEOMETRICAL CONNECTION OF THE NUMBERS71,250 AND 144,000 AND 1915wE now draw attention to a feature which may besaid to be a geometrical and mathematicaldemonstration of the thought: It is during theKingdom reign of the Christ Head and Body, that is, the LordJesus Christ with his 144-thousand joint-heirs, and throughthe direct instructions of this new Ruler of earth, that theworld will have restored to it the perfect standards of Measureand Weight, as represented by the interior capacity of theCoffer, 71,250 cubic Pyramid inches.The teaching of the Scriptures is that just weights and justmeasures are absolutely essential to the well-being of mankind.We read: "Ye shall do no unrighteousness in judgment, inrnetyard, in weight, or in measure." "Thou shalt not havein thy bag divers weights, a great and a small. Thou shaltnot have in thine house divers measures, a great and a small.But thou shalt have a perfect and just weight, a perfect andjust measure shalt thou have."As the Lord is the Creator of all things, visible and invisible,it is but right to conclude that He is also the originator ofjust weights, and just measures; and that to deviate fromthese must displease Him. For it is written: "A just weightand balance are the Lord's: all the weights of the bag are hiswork. " "Divers weights, and divers measures, both of themare alike abomination to the Lord."We know that the Lord gave to his chosen people, thenation of Israel, these just weights and measures; and it is nowbeing made manifest that, even before the birth of the fatherof the faithful, Abraham, and long before the Law was giventhrough Moses the servant of God, these just weights and175

measures were monumentalised in the stone Witness, theGreat Pyramid of Gizeh, especially by means of the Cofferin the King 's Chamber.But as the chosen nation disregarded the Law in this, as inother particulars, the exact value of the Standards were lostto them, though close approximations are still preserved inthe metrology of the Anglo-Saxon peoples, as we have noted.As the perfect Law of God will be restored during the reignof Him who is greater than Moses, so will the Standards ofjust weights and measures be restored, The existence of theGreat Pyramid and its symbolical and scientific teaching,in addition to the Scriptural teaching, are proof of this.The geometrical figure which shows the connection of thethree numbers, 71,250, 144,000, and 1915, the full significanceof which we now already know, is a plane right-angled triangle.The square of the length of the hypotenuse of this triangle isexactly 144,000; while the square of the length of its baseis exactly 50 times 1915. With these two sides of the rightangledtriangle thus definitely fixed according to these twowell-established numbers (the number 50, also, being theKing's Chamber's special number), we find that the squareof the third side, i.e., the perpendicular, symmetrically yieldsthe third number, 71,250, by the following method:According to the well known proposition of Euclid, thesquare of the length of the perpendicular of this right-angledtriangle is equal to the difference between the two other squares.Therefore, in this particular triangle, the square of theperpendicular is 48,250; for 144,000, minus 50 times 1915,gives this difference.Reckoning these numbers in Pyramid inches, the precisenumber of inches in the Coffer's interior capacity, 71,250, isyielded by a proportion between the two smaller squares ofbase and perpendicular, of the above right-angled triangle.This proportion is the difference between these two squares;that is, exactly 1) times this difference is 71,250, Q.E.D.In other words, just as the difference between the square ofthe perpendicular and the square of the hypotenuse yieldsthe square of the base (144,000 minus 48,250 yields 95,750,which is equal to an even 50 times 1915), so the difference176iI Ir Ibetween the square of the perpendicular and the square of thebase, when half of this difference is added to itself, yields theCoffer 's interior capacity (95,750 minus 48,250 yields 47,500.Half of this difference is 23,750; and this added to 47,500yields the sum 71,250).Here, then, by an exact plane geometrical figure, the numberof' the 144,000 overcomers, the prominent period .of 1915 yearsfrom 2 B.C. to 1914 A.D., the special King's Chamber'snumber 50, and the Standard Capacity Measure of the Coffer,71,250 (by the proportion of l*), and all that these prominentnumbers imply in the Pyramid's symbols and in the BiblicalPlan of the Ages, are brought together. This, surely, isevidence of intentional design.Further Development qf the Geometrical FigureNot only do the proportions of the above-mentioned planegeometrical figure yield the Coffer's capacity, but they agreealso with other dimensions in the Pyramid, thus proving stillfurther the close connection that the number of Christ'sovercoming followers has to the number of years in the GospelAge, and the Millennia1 reign of 1000 years (i.e., to the 1915and 2915 periods of years) ; and always bearing out the thoughtof the upward walk and sacrifice of these spirit-begotten onesof the Gospel Age as symbolised by the Grand Gallery.Keeping strictly to the dimensions of this particular rightangledtriangle, as fixed by the square of each of the three sides,namely, (1) the square of the hypotenuse exactly 144,000,(2) the square of the base exactly 50 times 1915, and (3) thesquare of the perpendicular 48,250, or the difference betweenthe other two squares, we can find the length of each side bycomputing the square-root of each of these squares. Thus,(1) the hypotenuse-length is 379.473319+, for this is thesquare-root of 144,000. (2) The base-length is 309.434968+,for this is the square-root of 50 times 1915. (3) Theperpendicular-length is 219-658826+.By the usual Pyramid method of proportions, thesedimensions of the right-angled triangle show a large numberof related Pyramid measures. We here mention a few briefly:M 177

No. 1 SQUARE/ Area = 1'44.000' inches /Diagram to Illustrate the Further Developmentof the Geometrical FigureLine 1 is the side-length of the Square, whose area is 50 times 1915 inches6 times line 1 = 1856-6098f inchesAdd 1 Pyramid Cubit = 25.The sum of lines 1 to 5Divided by 2Sum = 1881 6098 +- = Grand Gallery floor-length-5 times line 2 = 1098.2941 + inchesAdd one-half of this = 549.1470+ ,,Sum= 1667.5137+ inches= 833. 7568 + = Vertical lle~ght of Grand Gallery= 1647.4411 + = First Ascending Passage"Extended" length178(1) The base of the triangle, rriultiplied by 6, and one Pyramidcubit of 25 inches added, equals the floor length of the GrandGallery to within about a 100th part of an inch of the standardlength. (The resultant figure is 1881 -6098+, while thestandard length of the Gallery is 1881 -5985+.)(2) If we draw in connection with the triangle the squareof the hypotenuse, we shall have a square (of 144,000 squarePyramid inches in area), and to one side of this square a rightangledtriangle. The boundary-lines of this plane figure are,therefore, the base and perpendicular of the triangle, andthree sides of the adjoining square.The total length of this definitely-fixed boundary, whendivided by 2, is equal to the vertical height of ae GrandGallery, to within less than a 200th. part of an inch ofthe standard height. As the dimensions of the King's Chamber,and of the Socket-base area of the whole Pyramid, aremathematically and geometrically connected with the floorlengthand vertical height of the Grand Gallery (as we havealready seen many times), the length of the boundary of thisprecise figure is related to them all. (One half of the sum ofthe 5 sides of the plane figure is 833.7568+ inches, while thestandard vertical height of the Grand Gallery is 833-7616+,a difference of -0047+ of an inch, or less than a 200th part.)(3) Multiply the perpendicular of the triangle by 5, andadd one half of the result to itself. The resultant sum is equalto the extended length of the First Ascending Passage, towithin about a 10th part of an inch of the standard extendedlength. This extended length of the First Ascending Passageis, as explained, the sum of the floor-distance between thelower end of the Granite Plug to the upper end of the passage,plus the length of the Granite Plug itself. (The perpendicularof the triangle multiplied by 5 is 1098.2941+ inches. Halfof this, 549.1470+, added gives the total 1647.4411+ inches.The standard extended length of the First Ascending Passageis already stated as 1647-3250+ inches.)(4) To find the length of the diagonal of the large 144,000area square, multiply the side-length of this square by thesquare-root of 2. (The square-root of 2 is 1 -4142135623730+.)This diagonal-length is, therefore, 536.6563+ inches. If we179

Diagram to Illustrate the Geometrical Figure's Indication of thePrecessional Cycle of the Equinoxes3 times the sum of Nos. 1 to 9 sides - 8177- 104 + incheshlultiplied by the Ratio = 25,689,1291-Add the number 5 - 5.Sum = 25,694 .129 -1- = Years in the Precessio,nakCycle 3f the Equinoxes180multiply this diagonal by 10, and deduct a 10th part from theresult (or multiply the diagonal by 9), we shall find that thefinal remainder is equal to the sum of 1915, plus 2915,practically. (The diagonal multiplied by 9 is 4829.9068-t- .)By this symmetrical proportion the 144,000 is shown to beconnected with the Gospel Age length in years, the 1915-yearperiod from the birth of Jesus Christ in 2 B.C. to the beginningof his reign in 1914 A.D. ; and to the longer period of 2915years, to the completion of the reign of 1000 years, 2914 A.D.(5) While the reign of the Christ is reckoned as beginningfrom the termination of the Seven Times of the Gentiles,1914 A.D., the body-members of earth's new Ruler, the Christ,began to be raised from the sleep of death 18788 years afterthe birth of Jesus Christ, i.e., in Spring of 1878 A:D. (Butwhile the 144,000 body-members began to join their Lordand Head 18783 years after the birth of Jesus Christ inBethlehem, the "feet" members are still on the flesh, awaitingtheir change, as we have noted before.)The dimensions of the large 144,000 area square alsoindicates this important detail of the Lord's Plan of the Ages,i.e., the beginning of the "First Resurrection" 18784 yearsafter the world's Saviour was born into the world. For whenwe multiply the semi-diagonal of this square by the perfectnumber 7, we get in inches a close approximation to the periodin question, namely, 1878 -2971 + inches.(6) Then the interval of 1875 years between the birth ofour Lord, and the date of his second advent as an invisiblespirit being, from Autumn 2 B.C. to Autumn 1874 A.D. (Forthe Scriptural times and seasons prove that our Lord waspresent 33 years previous to the beginning of the first resurrectionof his body-members), is also symmetrically indicatedby the dimensions of the plane geometrical figure, but inthis case by the square of the perpendicular of the triangle:Multiplying the length of the triangle's perpendicular bythe square-root of 2 (as explained above), we get the lengthof the diagonal of the square, of which this perpendicular isthe side-length. This diagonal-length is 310.64449+ inches.Consider two adjoining sides, and the diagonal, of the squareas the three sides of a right-angled triangle, and find the sum181

of these three sides. This sum is 749.9621+ inches-Multiply the sum by the inches in the Pyramid cubit, i.e., by25, and we shall find that a 10th part of the result is practicallya round 1875 inches. (The 10th part of 25 times the sum ofthe three sides of the triangle is 1874-9053+ inches.)(7) If we now take the area of the triangle of the geometricalfigure whose dimensions are based upon the numbers 144,000,1915, and 50, as detailed, we find that, by a proportion inwhich the Pyramid cubit is again used, it yields the 2915measure.With the base and perpendicular lengths of the right-angledtriangle already given, we can compute the area of this triangle,which area is 33,985.0610+ square inches. Multiply 10 timesthis area by the number of inches in the Pyramid cubit, andregard the result as being the area of a square. Thetotal number of inches in this square is 8,496,265.2640+.The square-root of this total of inches will give the side-lengthof the square. This side-length is practically, in round figures,2915 inches. (The precise side-length is 2914.8353+. )(8) We have seen before how intimately related the durationin years of the Precessional Cycle of the Equinoxes is to the1915-year period. This plane geometrical figure also indicatesthis close relationship; for the sizes of the three squares of thefigure are so balanced that, taking the sum of the entire outerboundary line of these three adjoining squares, we find thatwhen we multiply this sum by 3, and regard the result as thediameter of a circle, the circumference of the circle, plus thePyramid's sacred number 5, equals as many inches as thereare years in the precessional cycle. (The sum of the nineouter lines of the three squares, multiplied by 3, equals8177.1040+ inches. Multiplied by the ratio T, and 5 addedto the result, gives the final result, 25,694.129+, which isthe number of years in the precession.)An alternative method of expressing this proportionatefeature is to multiply the sum of the three sides of the rightangledtriangle by 9, and then by the ratio T, and add 5.(The sum of the triangle's three sides is 908.56711+.)SECTION XXIIIIRECTING our notice to the position of the King'sChamber in the Great Pyramid, and to the relativeproportions of the Coffer to the size and wall-courses.(5 in number) of this chamber, Professor C. Piagzi Smythcomments upon the significance of the .fact that the bottomcodrse of masonry forming the walls of the chamber sinksdown below the level of the floor to the extent of about a 10thpart of the full height of that wall-course, thus leaving visibleabove the floor-level 9110th~.This is true, to a close approximation; but we shall quoteProfessor Smyth's words, which show the features he attachedto this architectural detail: "But the tenth part, nearly,taken off the visible height of the lower granite course of thechamber's walls ; what was that for ?."Its first effect was to make that course, within the fractionof an inch, the same height as the Coffer; and the second was,more exactly, to make the capacity, or cubic contents of thatlowest course of the room, so decreased, equal to fifty timesthe cubic contents of the Coffer, already deduced to be 71,250cubic Pyramid inches."Two separate sets of measured numbers in Pyramid inchesfor the length, breadth, and height, of that lowest chambercourse,giving as follows, when divided by the Coffer's contents:- And :412 x 206 x 42=z3,564,624.71,250 71,2501 8350.03

students will agree. It is because this feature of capacity,in addition to all the other features, supports the interpretationof the Scriptures, namely, that the Great Pyramid is Jehovah'sSign and Witness to His own people, and to the world ingeneral, both now and in the future, that we deem the correctunderstanding of the building's Biblical and scientific teachingsas of great importance, and worthy of close attention.The 50th Part of the Lowest Wall-course Contentsand the Interior Ca9ncity of the CofferVERTICAL SECTION fioor,,vc~Fsr) OF KING'S CHAMBER: ALSO OF ANTE-CHAMBER.q!D SOUTH END OF GRAND GALLERY CROSSED LINES /ffD/CATF GRAN/TL:spa *go Ipo spa 0 mnrs"Hence, close as was the connection of the several partsof the Coffer with each other by the tie of capacity, equallyclose is the connection of the Coffer with the one adjusted courseof the granite room in which it stands, and by capacity measurealso. While, if the multiple before was 2, and is 50 now, isnot 50 twice 25, or double the number of inches in the cubitof the Great Pyramid?"Even though his figures yielded close approximations only,we can see both by the above quotation and by his commentsin other places in his Pyramid volumes, that Professor Smythwas impressed with the agreement between the capacity of thelower section of the King's Chamber (as defined by the heightof the first, or lowest, of the chamber's five wall-ccurses),and the interior capacity of the Coffer. This feature wasthought by him to be important, as confirming the theoryattached to the exact capacity of the Coffer, and its bearingupon a universal and scientific system of weights andmeasures. We share his views on this matter; and the stillfurther, more precise, features we are now presenting go far toestablish the claims of Professor Smyth, as we think all careful154IThe two points, therefore, that Professor Smyth desired toimpress were: (1) The level of the top of the Coffer is, to anear approximation, on the same level as the first ball-jointabove the floor, which wall-joint runs round all four sides ofthe King's Chamber, maintaining the same dead level alongits course (that is, originally, for the effects of an earthquakehave very slightly disturbed the strict rectangularity of thisnoble chamber, as pointed out by Professor Flinders Petrie);and, (2) that this wall-joint is just at the exact vertical heightabove the floor-level, specially arranged by the building'sdesigner, which enables the cubical contents of the chamberwithin the confines of the visible height of the first, or lowest,wall-course to be almost precisely 50 times the cubical capacityof the interior hollow of the Coffer. Professor Smyth's figuresshow, and he himself mentions, that the correspondenciesare not absolute, but close approximations.Yet, so wonderfully has the Great Pyramid been designed,and so nicely balanced are all its varied dimensions, thateven the little differences from the absolute that are impliedby approximations can be shown to be part of the generalsystem of measures that obtains throughout the monument.What, therefore, at first may appear unfinished or incompletein design, yielding near approximations only, are often seenon careful examination to be further developments of the samedesign. These approximations, also, sometimes hide deeperbeauties, unsuspected comfirmations of the main features.We have shown that, according to the standard dimensions,the vertical distance of the first wall-joint above the floor of185

the King's Chamber is 42.1940198+ Pyramid inches. Andas the theoretical length and breadth of the chamberare 412- 1316879+, and 206.0658439+, Pyramid inchesrespectively, it follows that the cubical content of the chamberwithin this first wall-course totals 3,583,380.4698+ cubicinches. This total is more than that computed by ProfessorSmyth, but is correct according to the standard measures ofthe whole structure of the Pyramid; for all these measures.stand together. These dimensions are within the limits ofthe practical measures of Professors Smyth and Petrie.The 50th part of 3,583,380.4698+ is 71,667-6093+ cubic:Pyramid inches. But the capacity of the Coffer is, by thetheory accepted, 71,250. Therefore, the 50th part' of thecubical contents of the lowest wall-course section of the chamberis only approximately equal to the Coffer's interior capacity.The difference between the two quantities is 417.6093+ inches.But this difference is in itself corroborative of the generalfeature, and of the mathematical proportions of the building;for by the mathematical ratio n, squared (whicli ratio we haverequired to use in connection with the proportions of the Stepat the head of the Grand Gallery), it indicates the length ofthe King's Chamber. This is confirmatory of the main feature,for the length of the chamber is the basis for thewholecalculation.Thus, when we multiply the difference of 417.6093+ Pyramidinches by the square of the ratio n, the result is equal to 10.times the length of the King's Chamber, to within less thana 30th part of an inch of the precise standard length for thatahamber.The Level of the Top of the Cqffer in Relation tothe First Wall-joint LevelAs the vertical height of the first, or lowest wall-joint ofthe King's Chamber is 42.1940198+ Pyramid inches, and thestandard exterior height of the Coffer is 41 .2131687+ (as givenon page 102), the level of the Coffer's top is only approximatelyin horizontal line with the top of the chamber's lowest wallcourse.The difference between these two levels is less than186ian inch; but it is just that precise amount less than one inchto enable this difference to indicate with remarkable exactnessIan appropriate time-feature.This time-feature is appropriate to the Coffer's dimensionsand related symbolism; and it is appropriate to the symbolismof the King's Chamber itself. For the precise differencebetween the two levels of the tops of the Coffer and lowestwall-course indicates, by a capacity measure, the King'sIChamber's special number 50, and the 2915-year period, thelong and iinporiant interval between the birth of earth's KingIIof Peace, and the termination of His reign of 1000 years, 2 B.C.to 2914 A.D.1 In this capacity feature, as in many others, the eyramid'sbasic number 10, and the perfect number 7, enter as factors.IThe Coffer stands in the western half of the chamber, and our~ measure is confined to this half.We desire to fiAd the cubical capacity of the half area of theIchamber which lies between the levels of the Coffer's top,and the top of the first wall-course. To ascertain this capacitywe multiply the area of one half of the chamber's horizontalIsection by .98085102+ (for this is the exact difference betweenthe two levels in question). The half horizontal area of thechamber is 42,463.1320+ square Pyramid inches, as basedupon the chamber's standard measures.The one number multiplied by the other yields the requiredcubical capacity, namely, 41,650.0064+ cubic Pyramid inches.When we multiply this number of cubic inches by the perfectnumber 7, the resultant figure is equal to an even 100 times2915, plus 50, the King's Chamber's special number. Thedifference between the two totals is only about a 25th part ofan inch. (The sum of an even 100 times 2915, and 50,is 291,550; while 7 times the above number of cubic inchesis 291,550.0449+ .)Another feature touching capacity-measure in the King'sChamber and its granite Coffer brings in, by a proportionatecalculation in which the Pyramid's basic number 10 is aprominent factor, the day-value of the lunar year of 12 synodic,months, as will be seen on the next page:

The Capacities of the Lowest Wall-course and theCoffeer, a.nd a Lunar-Year IndicationWe noticed in another Section of this treatise how the durationof the lunar year was indicated, though indirectly, by thecapacity of the entire King's Chamber. The feature nowpresented deals with the partial capacity of the chamber,namely, of that portion within the limits of the lowest wallcourse.It also deals with the interior capacity of the Coffer.It is a peculiar feature, but wonderfully exact in its result;and in view of all the other features already considered, canbe accepted as part of the Pyramid's proportionate systemof ~rieasures .The two parts of the calculation are as follows: (1) Dividethe total cubical contents of the lowest wall-course portion ofthe King's Chamber by 100 (i.e., divide by 10 x lo), anddeduct from the result 10. (2) Multiply the number of daysin the lunar year of 12 synodic months by 100, and deduct fromthe result 10. The sum of these two quantities is equal to theinterior capacity of the Coffer, to within about 4 of an inch.(The contents of the lowest wall-course section of theKing's Chamber is, as already given, 3,583,380.4698+ cubicPyramid inches. This, divided by 100, and 10 deducted, is35,823.8046+. The number of days in 100 lunar years, minus10, is 35,426,7064+. The sum of the two results is71,250.5111+, or about half an inch more than the Coffer'scapacity in cubic inches.)SECTION XXIVSCIENTIFICALLY accurate as the Great Pyramid is nowproved to be, not only in its material lines, but moreespecially in the wonderful truths which it presents,we might reasonably expect that the monument would yield.by its own convincing method, scales for measuring off in aconcise manner heat, angle, etc. ; and even of presenting abasis for a scale of money-values, that the commerce in 4perfecting world might be conducting on a stable currency.Mean Temperature of the King's ChamberVariations in temperature, it has been found by scientists,must be climinated as far as is possible if the best results are.wanted in some classes of very delicate research-work. Inelaborate astronomical calculations, where the time-element is,important, the disturbing influence which the rise and fall intemperature has on the mechanism of the clock in observatoriesis overcome by placing the instrument far underground. Thechief clock of the Royal Observatory of Greenwich is belowground;and in the Paris Observatory the all-important clockstands no less than 95 feet under the surface, in one of thecaves below the city.Over a number of years the mean variations in temperaturewere specially tested by the authorities at the RoyalObservatory in Edinburgh, Scotland. Suitable thermometerswere let into the rock at measured distances below the groundlevel; and from the records which were accumulated duringthese years, the mean variation at each level was ascertained.Tlie following are the results:

'THE MEAN SEMI-ANNUAL VARIATION OF HEAT:.At the surface of the ground amounts to .... SO0 Fahr..At three inches under the surface .. . . 30" ,,.At three feet under the surface . . .. .. 16" ,,.At six feet under the surface .. .. .. 10" ,,.At twelve feet under the surface . . .. .. 5O ,,At twenty-four feet under the surface .. .. lo ,,At the great depth of 95 feet, therefore, the temperature(must be nearly stationary. But, as Professor C. Piazzi Smyth:shows, the very unique situation of the granite King's Chambe.in the Great Pyramid, makes of that chamber the most.admirable scientific observing-room in the world. For besides'having the properties of a deep cave, being shut in from outsidevariations of temperature by nowhere less than 180 feet ofsolid masonry (and therefore about double the "depth" of theObservatory cave in Paris), the King's Chamber has a necessary.property not possessed by caves, namely, that of the correctbarometric air-pressure. For the height of the Pyramid onits rock hill above the hot plain of Egypt, and the height ofthe King's Chamber in the building itself, in all 360 feet above-the sea-level, gives at that particular latitude the requiredbarometric pressure of 30 inches. This air-pressure is the.annual mean of barometric observations at, and around, theGreat Pyramid.Tlle mean barometric pressure of 30 inches at the altitudeof the King's Chamber, agrees with the very figure which-expresses the degrees of latitude on which the Great Pyramidstands, that is, 30" north of the equator. The appropriateness.,of this agreement is emphasised by the geometric proportions.of the sphere; for, according to geometry, the surface,area ofthat part of the sphere which lies between the equator and theparallel of latitude on which the Great Pyramid was built,-30" north, is equalled by the surface area between that Pyramid-.latitude and the north pole. Incidentally, also, this agreementis harmonious with 3 90" division of the quadrant, or 360",division of the complete circle.By a most elaborate system of temperature observations-when at the Great Pyramid, and by carefully weighing up*he best recorded observations of temperature in all parts ofthe earth, Professor C. Piazzi Smyth came to the conclusionthat the mean temperature of earth is 68 degrees Fahrenheit.This, also, he found to be the mean temperature in the King'sChamber in the Great Pyramid.The peculiar interest which attaches to this mean temperature.of 68" for all habitable parts of the earth (leaving outthe extremes both of intense Arctic cold, and excessive tropicalbeat, as not either of them being suited to man's well-being),is that, it is exactly at one-fifth above the freezing point ofwater, and four-fifths below the boiling point of water, whenthe barometric air-pressure is 30 inches. Here again thereis appropriateness in the figures, because 5 is the special numberof the King's Chamber, and 68" Fahr., the temperature ofone-fifth, is known to be the mean temperature of this chamber,just as it is the mean temperature of the whole habitable earth.Therefore, owing to the fact that earth's mean temperatureof 68" Fahrenheit is at a fifth of the distance between thefreezing and boiling points of water, and that this is also themean temperature of the King's Chamber in the Great Pyramid,Professor C. Piazzi Smyth perceived that the much needed newscale of division for a universal thermometer, for the use ofall nations, is presented by the distinctive numbers of theGreat Pyramid. Thus, the fifth of the scale from the freezingpoint of water at 30 inches barometric pressure is naturallysubdivided into 50 degrees, and the remaining four-fifths tothe boiling point of water into 4 times 50, or 2QO degrees.Making the freezing point of water the zero-point of the scale(as in the modern French Centigrade thermometer), the boilingpoint of water is then at the convenient temperature of 250"above zero.Other prominent points in the thermometrical scale, whichmust be recognised by man in his practical work, can be readin convenient round numbers on the Pyramid system ofdivision. For instance, in their Vol. I1 of NaturalPhiloso+hy, page 63, the Society for "Diffusion of UsefulKnowledge" publishes that iron begins to appear bright redJn the dark when it is heated to the temperature of 752" Fahr.In other words, this particular temperature of 752" Fahr.

is the point at which heat first begins to cause bodies to giveout light. In the thermometer, divided off as indicated bythe Pyramid, this important dividing line of heat reads 1000°,or just 4 times the temperature of boiling water.Then, at the top of the scale there is another round, andcharacteristic Pyramid number, that is, 5000°, exactly 5 timesthe important dividing line of heat referred to above. Forthis high temperature is the point where platinum, the mostdense and refractory of metals, begins to melt. At the oppositeextreme of the Pyramid scale of the thermometcr, wherechemists place the lowest degree of absolute cold, we readthe even number of 400" below the zero of this scale, whichzero, as explained, is the point where water begins to freeze.Theoretically, it is possible to descend lower still in the scale,but for most practical purposes 400" below the zero indicationof the Pyramid is what many chemists would consider thelowest limit. The following comparative table was drawn upby Professor C. Piazzi Smyth:TEMPERATURE IN PYRAMID THERMOMETER DEGREESPlatinum rnelts . . . . 5000 Mean temperature at theWrought-iron melts . . 4000 level of the King'sSteel melts . . . . . . 3500 Chamber in theCast-iron melts . . . . 3875 Great Pyramid . . . .Pure gold melts . . . . 3125 Mean temperature of allCopper melts . . . . 2875 habitable lands, andPure silver melts . . . . 2555 the temperature theIron visible in dark . . 1000 most suited to man . .Zinc melts . . . . . . 900 Mean temperature ofMercury boils . . . . 882 London, England . .Lead melts . . . . . . 815 Low winter temperatureSulphur melts . . . . 278 at the Great Pyramid . .Water boils . . . . . . 250 Water freezes (The Zefo) . .Pure alcohol boils . . 198 Freezing mixture, snowWhite was melts . . . . 170 and salt . . . . . .Greatest observed Mercury freezes . . . .shade temperature . . 139 Greatest Arctic coldSummer temperature at experienced . . . .the Great Pyramid . . 100 Greatest artificialBlood heat . . . . . . 91.5 cold (chemical) . . . .Rntter and lard melt . . S? Absolute zero . . . .192Usirlg these definite, practical, temperature points in thethermometrical scale, on which they read in even Pyramidnumbers, rem'embering also that they are primarily basedupon the Pyramid's mean temperature-indication of one-fifth,we can easily extend the table, showing the melting-points ofthe various metals on the one hand, and the freezing-pointsof liquids on the other.Angle MeasureThe scientists of the period of the French Revolutionbelieved that if the quadrant of the circle were divided into100°, and, hence, the whole circle into 400°, angular measurewould be rendered easier than by the old 90" quadrant, or360" circle. But as their "centesimal" method of divisiondid not gain favour in the scientific world generally, they werecompelled to revert to the original "sexagesimal" system,and divided once more their whole circle into 360".For a time Professor C. Piazzi Smyth advocated a 250"quadrant, or an even 1000" circle, believing that this was thcindication of the Great Pyramid. He afterwards, however,modified his views, and inclined to the suggestion of Mr. J.M. Clark of Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A., that the quadrant shouldbe 60" only, with subdivisions in the decimal system.While a 240" division of the circle, with decimalsubdivisions, has much to commend it, our own thought isthat the original 360" circle with subdivisions into 60f, andagain into 60", with decimal divisions after that, is the systemwhich is really indicated by the Great Pyramid's scientificdimensions. . And this sexagesimal system of dividing thecircle gains support from the Scriptures; for in the Biblicalyear there are an even 360 days, representative of the completccircle of the earth round the sun (although the provisions ofthe Law of Moses enabled the people of Israel to automaticallycorrect their year-length, showing, therefore, that the 360-dayyear was for convenience in the observing of dates, as wellas, also, to serve a symbolic and prophetic purpose-SecLeviticus 23 : 5-16 ; Deuteronomy 16: 9; Revelation 11 : 2, 3;12: 6, 14; 13: 5).?; 193

The objection raised against the sexagesi~nal system ofdivision, in the minds at least of some, is the opinion that itis Babylonish in its origin. But though it may be proved thatthis system was in use in the country of the Chaldeans, thisdoes not necessarily mean that it was i~vented by the idolatersof that early time.The outstanding feature in the Great Pyramid which showsthat that monument indicates the ancient sexagesimal divisionof the circle is the perimeter of the Rock-level base. As wementibned before, twice this Rock-level perimeter is the exactlength of the Pyramid geographical mile; and in some "greatcircle" of the earth, a great circle possibly passing throughthe Great Pyramid, this exact mile-length must divide aneven 21,600 times, that is, as many times as there are"minutes" in the complete circle. (One minute of arc in thisgreat circle of earth represents one Pyramid geographicalmile; and as there are, in the sexagesimal system of dividingthe circle, 60 minutes in the degree, and 6 times 60 degreesin the circle, there are 21,600 minutes, or geographical miles,'in the "Pyramid" circumference of the earth. The "greatcircle" of the equator is, of course, longer than this "Pyramid"great circle. By another method the Great Pyramid indicatesthe equatorial maximum and minimum diameters, as isexplained in Vol. I11 of Great Pyramid Passages. )The angle at which the outside flanks of the Great Pyramidrise from the platform to the apex, called the n angle, is directlyrelated to the angle at which the passages ascend or descend.The most important passage is recognisea to be the GrandGallery; and the angle of this passage has been proved byactual observations to be very close indeed to the theoreticalstandard of 26" 18' 9".7, so close as to be a practicaldemonstration of the ideal standard.It is interesting to find that, a combination of the two relatedangles of outer casing-stone surface, and interior passagefloors,through the medium of two right-angled triangles, yieldsthe actual vertical height of the Grand Gallery. The verticalheight of the Grand Gallery is, of course, dependent on thefloor-length of the passage, and on the angle at which thisfloor rises from the horizontal. We have already noted that194the number of inches in the vertical height of the Grand Galleryis geometrically, and mathematically, connected with theexact dimensions of the King's Chamber on the one hand,and with the Socket-level square base of the whole monumenton the other.When we compute the side-lengths of two right-angledtriangles, the perpendicular of each being an even 100 inches,the hypotenuse of one rising at the casing-stone angle of51" 51' 14".3, and of the other at the passage-floor angle of26" 18' 9".7, we find that the sum of all six side-lengths is,to within less than a 12th part of an inch, equal to the standardvertical height of the Grand Gallery.The side-lengths of the two triangles in inches are :( 1 ) Perpendicular 100, base 202.3106+, hypotenuse 225.6758+.(2) Perpendicular 100, base 78.5398+, hypotenuse 127.1554+.The total sum of the sides of these two triangles is 833.6816+,while the standard vertical height of the Grand Gallery is833.7616~. , Pyramid inches.Possible Money -System IndicationAs the basis of any system of money-values is weight, andas it is now clearly proved that the Great Pyramid, by rrleansof its wonderful "Coffer" in the equally wonderful King'sChamber presents mankind with the most scientific systemof weight-measures that could possibly be devised, it isnot improbable .that the Architect of the Pyramid also intended195

His witnessing monument to indicate a standard weight-basisfor money. At first Professor C. Piazzi Smyth was againstthe idea that any money-system was embodied in the scientificdimensions of the Great Pyramid, for money was associatedin his mind with worldliness, and seemed to be foreign to thepure message of the Pyramid. Later, however, he saw that hehad possibly been misjudging this matter, and decided thatsomething further might still be learned from this grandmonument .What caused him to withdraw from his former attitudeand agree that money-values might be indicated by thePyramid, was certain remarkable coincidences betweenPyramid-measures, and the grain-weight of the coinage ofAmerica. It was Dr. W. F. Quinby of Wilmington, Delaware,U.S.A., who drew attention to the correspondency, showinghow the number of inches in the length of the King's Chamberagrees closely to the number of grains in the standard weightof the "Dollar of the Fathers," and hence how the grains inthe half dollar and quarter dollar agree with the inches in thehalf length (width), and quarter length of the chamber.These, and some other, correspondencies in numbers, whilenot exact, were sufficiently close to attract attention, andhave, even if they be mere chance coincidences, suggested aline of investigations which may lead to acceptable conclusions.When the learned Secretary of the Royal Society of Londonin the year 1677, Dr. Hooke, was lamenting on the lack ofsome wanted detail of the Great Pyramjd, which he thoughtthat Professor John Greaves, being an astronomer, shouldhave supplied in his Pyramid book, he commented that thislack "only shows how useful theories may be for the futureto such as shall make observations; nay, though they shouldnot be true, for that it will hint many inquiries to be takennotice of, which would otherwise not be thought of at all."In Leviticus 27: 25 we read: "And all thy estimations shallbe according to the shekel of the sanctuary. " It is understoodfrom this comrhand that the shekel of the sanctuary, or, moreliterally, the "sacred shekel, " was the standard or basis of allthe money values of Israel. No matter whether the thingsbought and sold were gold, silver, copper, or land, houses,196etc., all were to be valued according to the sacred shekel.This standard shekel, also, on the strength of statementscontained in the New Testament, and in Josephus, and theTalmud, is believed to have been the silver shekel of the country,in use from the most ancient times. Originally it was not acoin, but a weight, having, however, a set value like a coin.It is agreed by those who have studied this subject that "wehave no direct witness to the weight of the ancient Hebrewshekel"; but we have sufficient indirect testimony to showthat this silver shekel must have weighed between 224 and 225grains troy (See the article on Money in Vol. I11 of Hustings'Dictionary of the Bible).From the 38th chapter of Exodus, verses 25 to 29, we cancalculate that a talent contained 3000 shekels. In the OxfordBible Hel#s a talent is said to be equal to 674,392 grains troy;and if we divide this by 3000, the weight of the shekel is seento be 224.8 nearly. We believe that 225 grains cannot,therefore, be far wrong as an estimation for the weight of theoriginal silver sacred shekel.If we accept the estimate of Professor C. Piazzi Smyth forthe total number of grains that the Coffer could contain,namely, 18,030,100; and reckoning that the sacred shekelweighed, originally, 225 grains (for we know that this mustbe a very near approximation), the Coffer would contain80,133.7+ shekels. As there are 3000 shekels in one talent,and as, for heavy weights over 3000 shekels, the talent measureis used in Scriptures (See Exodus 38: 29), the 80,133.7+shekels in the Coffer can be expressed as 26 talents, and 21339shekels. But if we express the total number of shekels intalents and a decimal part of a talent, we find that the Coffercontains 26.711+ talents.As the figure 26.711+ is practically the same as the numberof Pyramid inches in the interior width of the Coffer (See liston page 102), we can say that the Coffer contains as many talents'weight as there are inches in its interior width. In otherwords, the number of grains contained within the space of oneinch of the Coffer's width, this space running the full interiorlength and depth of the vessel, has the same weight as theancient Hebrew talent.197

The grains spoken of above are, of course, the modem British"artificial" grains. In the original Anglo-Saxon grains,which are smaller, the Hebrew talent would require to beexpressed in a greater number of grains, just as the Coffer'scapacity is more truthfully expressed as in a greater numberof ancient grains. (During the transition period when theold "real" grains were made to give place to the new "artificial"gains, the arithmetical school-hooks taught that "32 realgrains, or 24 artificial grains, make one pennyweight troy."There are 7680 real grains, or 5760 artificial grains, in thepound troy.)The Coffer, therefore, wai computed by Professor Smyth tocontain 18,030,100 artificial grains, or, 24,040,100 real, orancient Anglo-Saxon, grains. But, as we said before, ProfessorSmyth suggested that even the Anglo-Saxon grain was slightlysmaller in its original, primitive, metrology, and that morenearly 25,000,000 of them could have been contained in theCoffer. That is the round, ideal, "Pyramid" number, andmay be accepted for the purely scientific purposes of the GreatPyramid. We believe, however, that though it is hardlyprobable that the Anglo-Saxon grain has come down to ourday without some slight change in its original size, it is notnecessary for us to suppose that the Coffer must have containedexactly 25,000,000. We suggest the following capacity inoriginal grains for the Coffer:Taking the ancient Hebrew silver shekel as the standardunit, and following the Scriptural indication that 3000 of suchsacred shekels made one talent, so, it is not improbable, 300original Hebrew grains was the weight of one shekel. Inmodern "artificial" grains the weight of the silver shekel is225; and at this weight, as we have seen, there are 80,133-7+shekels in the Coffer's interior capacity. An easy calculationwill show that, with 300 original grains to each shekel, and80,133.7+ shekels in the Coffer, the total capacity of the Cofferis 24,040,133.3+ ancient Hebrew grains. This total of originalgrains for the Coffer's capacity is practically the same as thetotal of ancient Anglo-Saxon, or "real," grains computed byProfessor Smyth, i.e., 24,040,100, the difference being onlyabout 33.198We may therefore take it that the Coffer was made to contain24,040,133 real grains; and, as Professor Smyth points out,these grains are "real" in the sense that, they are practicallythe weight of full and fair grains of well-grown wheat, so thatthere is nothing artificial in them. As Jehovah instructedthe people of Israel to use these grains when fixing the weightof the "shekel of the sanctuary," a round 300 of them for onestandard shekel, probably, and a round 3000 shekels for onetalent, and as he commanded them through Moses that "allthy estimations shall be reckoned according to the shekelof the sanctuary" (Leviticus 27: 25), we can see how thisagricultural people would naturally build up a monetary systemof values, as, indeed, the Scriptures demonstrate. It is notimprobable, therefore, that during Christ's Millennia1 reign,the present chaotic monetary systems of the "kingdoms of thisworld" will be replaced by the ancient perfect system, thebasis of which is preserved in the scientific Coffer in the King'sChamber of the Great Pyramid. When, at the completionof the reign of Christ, the kingdom is delivered up to Godthe Father, that He may be all in all (See 1 Corinthians 15: 24),it may no longer be necessary to use any system of monetaryvalues, for the perfect condition will then have been reached,and all things will be made new-Revelation 21: 1-5.

SECTION XXVFROM data supplied to him by Col. Howard Vyse, thefamous astronomer Sir John Herschel was able tocompute, from the position of the stars in direct relationto the Great Pyramid, the actual ,date when this monumentwas erected. For at that time the Pyramid was built, the northstar of the period was Alpha Draconis, the chief star in theDragon constellation. And the Descending Passage of theGreat Pyramid was constructed at such an angle that, atmidnight of the Autumnal Equinox of the year when thebuilding stood completed, this north star shone down thecentral axis of the passage.The date computed by Sir John Herschel was 2161 B.C.Later, Professor C. Piazzi Smyth, then Astronomer Royalfor Scotland, found that at the year when the Pyramid waserected, not only did Alpha Draconis, when at its lowerculmination in its daily circuit of the pole of the heavens (forit was then at a distance of about 3% degrees from the celestialpole, and therefore a circumpolar star), but at precisely thesame instant, namely, midnight of the Autumnal Equinox,another notable star, Alcyone of the renowned Pleiades group,stood exactly on the meridian of the Great Pyramid, at thatpoint in the heavens which is at right-angles to the downwardinclination of the Descending Passage.In other words, Professor Smyth's valuable discovery wasthat, at the very moment intended to be so signallymonumentalised by the Pyramid's great designer, the northstar, Alpha Draconis, and the principal star of the Pleiades,Alcyone, were at right angles to each other; Alcyone on thePyramid's meridian at midnight of the Autumn'al Equinox200above the pole of the heavens, and Alpha Draconis on thesame meridian below the pole, and at that exact angle below thepole to enable it to shine right down the Descending Passageof the Great Pyramid.The date for this celestial phenomena Professor Smythcomputed to be on, or about, 2170 B.C. He stated, whilepublishing this computation, that if it were ultimately foundthat 2170 B.C. was not the absolutely correct date, the correctone, when ascertained, would be "at least closer thereto thanthe beginning or end of the duration of the Great Pyramid'sbuilding can be to its middle date." The relative positionsof the two stars, Alpha Draconis and Alcyone, with referenceto the Great Pyramid's meridian and Descending Passage,was very carefully recalculated by the eminent astronomer,Richard A. Proctor, and the year 2140 B.C. was pronouncedby him as more likely to be the correct one. To this ProfessorSmyth agreed, saying in his later editions of Our Inheritancein the Great Pyramid that 2140 n.c. might now be consideredas fairly well established.Owing to the slow and sure movement of the precession ofthe equinoxes, the exact positions in the heavens of AlphaDraconis and Alcyone which are necessary to agree with theGreat Pyramid's meridian and downward passage cannotagain occur until 25,694-5 years have come and gone sinceAutumn of the year 2140 B.c., which is 2138 full years beforeour Lord was born in Bethlehem.The Great Pyramid Marks the Date of its Erectionby a Convincing Time-MeasurementIn addition to the astronomical fixing of the building-dateof the Great Pyramid, which is very exact and full ofsignificance in another direction, as 7. -e shall refer to presently,the structure within its own masonry contains a timemeasurementin inches pointing to this very date 2140 B.C.An interesting account of the steps that led to the discoveryof this time-measurement is given by Professor C. Piazzi Smyth.It appears that Mr. Charles Casey of Pollerton Castle, Carlow,Ireland, who was writing a work on the Great Pyramid,201

communicated with Professor Smyth in the year 1872, andexpressed himself as not yet convinced of the truth of the"Sacred" claim of the Great Pyramid. He wrote: "Unlessthe Great Pyramid can be shown, besides being fraught withhigh science, to be also Messianic (i.e., to have someacknowledgment to the real Divinity of Christ, as the promisedMessiah) its 'sacred' claim is a thing with no blood in it; itis nothing but mere sound. "Pr~fessor Smyth then goes on to quote Mr. Casey as declaringthat, while the explanation of the meaning of the Well-shaftyears before by the young Scotsman, Mr. Robert Menzies,namely, that this shaft syrnbolises the death and resurrectionof Jesus Christ, and that therefore the Grand Gallery withits lofty height represents the Gospel of Grace, or the GospelAge, which began at the time of Christ's work on earth; andhence the First Ascending Passage represents the Age of theLaw of Moses which preceded and led up to the Gospel Age,yet, said Mr. Casey, that explanation, though good, was notfor him sufficient. He wanted to see some definite indicationin the Pyramid that the builder had, by inspiration, foreknownthe very date of the advent into this world of the Saviour,and had marked that fact in the building itself.Mr. Casey wrote: "I feel sure that the bdilder, if reallyinspired from on High, would have known how many yearswere to elapse between this great mechanical work in thebeginning of the world, and the one central act of creation inthe birth of the Divine Son; and, though not using any lettersof inscription or devices of sculpture throughout the monument,he would have marked it there as the most positive andinvaluable proof that he could give, of the truly Divineinspiration under which the building had been planned andexecuted. "Professor Smyth considered this to be a crucial test of theDivine inspiration claim of the Pyramid; for this was at thevery beginning of the understahding of the method by whichthe Great Pyramid was made to record times and seasons,prophetically. It is just by such enquiries as that of Mr. Casey,reasonable though exacting, that the beauties of the Lord'sSign and Witness have been sought out.202Professor Smyth, who confessed that it had never occurredto him to thus confront the sacred and scientific theories inthis manner, immediately consulted his measures, taken byhim at the Pyramid long before in 1865, and duly published byhim in his 2nd volume of Life and Work at the Great Pyramid.A necessary detail of the measurement of the DescendingPassage which had escaped him in 1865, was furnished at hisrequest by Mr. Waynman Dixon, an engineer then employedin the vicinity of the Pyramid. It was in this year 1872,when Mr. Casey started the time-measurement enquiry, thatthe Queen's Chamber's hidden air-channels were discoveredby Mr. Waynman Dixon.As the north wall of the Grand Gallery had already beenseen to mark the date of our Lord's birth (although we now seethat it also, more definitely, marks the date of his death andresurrection), Professor Smyth took this point as thecommencement of his time-measurement. He measuredbackward down the floor-line of the First Ascending Passagetill he reached the floor-line of the Descending Passage, thatis, to the point on this downward floor which we name the"Point of Intersection," and thence upward towards theoutside Entrance, searching meanwhile for any definitestructural feature throughout this upper length of the passagewhich might be reasonably considered as affording a markingpointfor some appropriate, and outstanding date. This date,of course, would be a B.C. date, and a convincing starting-pointfor a time-measurement leading up to the first advent of theworld's Saviour.When conducting his measuring-operations in the Pyramidduring 1865 Professor Smyth had duly noted, among otherfeatures in the masonry of the Descending Passage, oneprominent detail in the construction of the passage's two sidewalls. He noted that at some distance in from the outsideEntrance there are two vertical wall-joints, i.e., two on theeast, and two on the west, walls. These two pairs of verticaljoints are conspicuous, because the other wall-joints aboveand below them are not vertical, but at right-angles to thedownward incline of the passage.He rightly judged that this peculiar departure in the masonry203

arrangement of the walls must have been intended by thebuilding's Designer to serve some special purpose, whateverthat purpose might prove to be. But there was somethingeven more interesting, and unaccountable, than the conspicuousvertical joints. Immediately below each pair a stronglymarked, and perfectly straight, line had been drawn, or scored,evidently with a metal tool by the ancient workmen. Thesescored lines, one on each side-wall of the passage, and nearlyopposite to each other, are exactly at right-angles to the inclineof the passage, like the wall-joints below them. The factthat immediately above them the two vertical wall-jointswere arranged by the Architect, the scored lines, being atright-angles to the passage, are made the more noticeable;their presence is emphasised.In describing these lines Professor Smyth remarked upontheir evenness and straightness, and their truthfulrectangularity to the incline of the passage; for in testingthem with a specially-made wooden square, he could findno flaw. They were, he said, evidently made with a bluntsteel instrument, and by a master-hand for power. At thetime when he examined them, 1865, he had no idea what theywere meant for. But when, in 1872, Mr. Casey started himon the "time-measurement" enquiry, and when he had beensupplied with some further particulars regarding the precisedistances between the vertical wall-joints and the scored linesby Mr. Waynman Dixon, he was "almost appalled, " he writes,when he found that his measured floor-length from the northwall of the Grand Gallery, terminating at these lines, truthfullydrawn on the walls over 4000 years ago, demonstrated thatthey marked the very date sought, 2170 B.C.When we remember that this was the first definite applicationof a known period of years to the test of an inch-year timemeasurement,we can appreciate the excitement and joy of heartexperienced by Professor Smyth at his important discovery.For while we now see that these oppositc lincs on the eastand west walls of the Descending Passage more clearly markthe precise date 2140 B.C. as the year when the Great Pyramidwas erected (probably completed in that year), yet the greatfact that the building-date was thus definitely marked by the204builder of ancient days was plair~ly revealed to Professor Smyth,corroborating the previously ascertained astronomical date.When he communicated his discovery to Mr. Casey, thatgentlcman wrote: "This testimony satisfies me, and fills mewith thankfulness and joy."As the standard floor-distance between the scored line on,say, the west wall of the Descending Passage, and the "Pointof Intersection" is 628.0688+ Pyramid inches, according tothe mean of the practical measures of Professors Smythand Petrie, as well as our own, this number of inches, addedto the standard floor-length of the First Ascending Passage,gives the total inch-length between the north wall of the GrandGallery and the scored line as 2171.5330+, or practically21714 Pyramid inches. (Professor Smyth agreed withProfessor Petrie that his measured-length of the First AscendingPassage was probably too short; although at the same timehis opinion was that Professor Petrie's measure .was rather toolong. The scientific features of the Pyramid, however, showthat a fair mean between the two published lengths for thispassage by these two careful workers is correct. Thus,theoretically, the standard floor-length of the First AscendingPassage is 1543.4642+ Pyramid inches. )205

This total floor-measurement of 2171$ Pyramid inchesagrees with the number of years between Autumn of the year2140 B.C. when the Pyramid was erected, and Spring of the year33. A.D. when our Lord died and rose again, 21714 years in all.This method of applying the floor-measurements is addedcorroboration that the north wall of the Grand Gallery, whichis also the upper terminal of the First Ascending Passage,marks the date of our Lord's death and resurrection, Springof th.e year 33 A.D.SECTION XXVIthe inspired words of the Psalmist we read of Jehovahthat "He telleth the number of the stars; he giveth themall their names" (Psalm 147: 4). In the very earliestages the stars were divided into 48 sections or constellations.Twelve of these were called the "twelve signs of the Zodiac."The other 36 are known as Decans.Around these sections pictures are supposed to exist. Tnesewere drawn on charts, or otherwise recorded by the ancientnations, all using practically the same figures. The orderof the constellations never varies; they have been carefullypreserved throughout the centuries from dim antiquity, andcan be seen in many almanacs printed today. This similarityin the pictorial arrangement of the stars by the peoples of theworld, no matter how far separated from one another on earthor in history, proves both a common origin, and a deep-seatedconviction that these celestial symbols have some vitalconnection with the destinies of the human race.Jehovah Intended the Stars to Serve as SignsWe note particularly that Jehovah himself referred to thesecelestial figures when, in addressing Job, he demanded: "Canstthou bring forth the twelve signs of the Zodiac in their season ? "(Job 38: 32, R.v.). The fact that the Almighty recognisedthe Zodiacal Signs, and that the names of other constellationsare similarly associated with the Divine Name in the Scriptures,supports the claim made by many students of the Bible, thatthe grouping of the constellations into distinctive figures,and their names and the names of many stars, are of more207

than human origination. We recall that it is in this samechapter of Job that Jehovah addresses the prophet withreference to the Great Pyramid, under the symbol of the earth.It is true that the Creator had designed the heavenly bodiesto be for "seasons, and for days, and for years, " but he alsoexpressly states that they should serve as "Signs"(Genesis 1 : 14-16). When God commanded: "Let them befor signs," he intended that they should be used to signifysomething quite apart from their natural office; for a "sign"has in itself no relation to the thing which it is used to represent.ft is something chosen to signify something else; as, forinstance, the letters of the alphabet, which are, in combination,signs selected to convey to our minds ideas.So also with the stellar "signs, " there is no actual connectionbetween these luminous bodies and the vital spiritual truthsthey were chosen by the spirit of God to represent. Thegrouping of the 48 constellations into figures such as a bull,or a serpent, is likewise quite unconnected, for there is noresemblance between the constellations and the figures selectedto denote them.And yet, just as there is a definite system governing theletters of the alphabet, and the signs of music, so there is adefinite and eminently logical system running like a musicalpoem through the celestial emblems. This word "signs"in Genesis 1: 14 is rendered "ensign" in Numbers 2: 2. Inthe original Hebrew it reads "oth," from which is derivedthe English word "oath." To take the "oath" is to pledgeoneself to truth. In poetic strain we can claim that, by theeverlasting stars God pledged himself as to the truth of hisglorious Plan of the Ages. For the astral symbols corroboratethat Plan in every detail.The Misuse of the Constellation Siglzs by the IdolatrousNations is not a Colztradic tiolz of their Divine OriginationEven though the idolatrous nations in the days of old madeuse of the stars in their mythological worship, this does notweaken, but confirms our understanding that the constellargroupings and naming of the stars was of Divine inspiration.208The worship of the idolatrous nations is indeed a strangemethod of witnessing to the truth; nevertheless, by perfectlycounterfeiting each detail of the scheme of salvation, thesefalse religions unwittingly substantiate the Lord's Word.We believe that ultimately men shall discover that everythingin heaven and earth has played its part in building up theTruth. "It is the glory of God to conceal a thing: but thehonour of kings is to search out a matter. " Pwlr. 2s;Z .We are justified in taking it for proved from the text in Jobalready quoted that the constellations were known more than2000 years before Christ. The ancients were therefore familiarwith them. As we have said, many recdrds with charts on stoneand other imperishable materials have been found among therelics of the oldest nations. This hieroglyphical languagzwas one which appealed to the people of these early days.Throughout the ages the heavenly Father has graciouslygranted faithful honest hearts a measure of insight into his.purposes, to enable them to endure with patience the forcesof evil within and without, until in the due time dictated by.his wisdom these evil agencies will be overcome and destroyedforever. Ever since Jehovah pronounced the memorable.sentence agzinst the instigator of evil, Satan, that old Serpentand Lkagon, all righteous men have longed for the fulfilmentof that sentence.In his famous work, The Origin of Religions, Dupuis has.collected a large number of traditions prevalent in all nationsof a Divine person born of a woman, suffering in conflict witha serpent, but triumphing over him at last, and finds the samereflected in the figures of the constellations. The learnedtheologian; the Rev. G. Stanley Faber, rector of Long-Newton,after careful consideration acknowledged in his work, Originof Pagan Idolatry, that the configuratiolls of the ZodiacalSigns refer to the Seed of the woman, and his bruising of theserpent. Richer, a French writer of note, has repeatedlyasserted that the whole pri~nitive revelation may be tracedin the constellations.This primitive faith, which the Zodiacal arrangement of thestars undoubtedly depicts, could only have come down fromAdam, who alone with Eve heard it in the beginning from Godo 209

himself (Genesis 2: 13-15). For it is a matter of Scripturalrecord that there was a primeval revelation of hope given tomankind immediately after the fall into sin through thedisobedience of Adam. The Apostle Paul refers to this whenhe says, in Romans 8: 19, 20, that God's earthly creation,when made subject to frailty because of the entrance of sin,was at the same time subjected in hope of a deliverance whenthe "sons of God" should be manifested.After the flood this hope must have been more clearly defined,by means of the symbolism of the stars, Divinely arrangedand picturized through the medium of one appointed,-Shem,as some students see reasons for believing. We know that thehope granted by the Lord of heaven and earth must have takenmore definite form after the flood, because all the mythologicalreligions of the ancient world reveal that men possessedknowledge of many of the details of the Plan of Salvation.Of this there can be no mistake. Nevertheless, every partof the Plan could not have been known, and probably verylittle was understood. For just as the earthly agent usedby Jehovah in erecting His stone Witness in Egypt, whichwas to afterwards serve as a Sign to His people and the worldin the Millennia1 Day, could not have understood the trueimport of the great edifice which for many {ears he was engagedin constructing, so it is not necessary for us to claim that theagent whom God used to arrange and name the constellationsand stars, names which have descended unaltered to our day,should have realized the true and ultimate object of it all.Modern Astronomers Annoyed at the Ancielzt StellarFigures, but Mz~st Still Recogn.ise ThemAstronomy has never been known to exist apart from the48 pictorial emblems. And as these are not essential to thepure astronomical science, their inseparable connection withit cannot be cxplained unless we understand that both thepictures and the science had one common author, who had adefinite purpose in thus linking them together. We concludethat his intention was to associate with astronomy a completesystem' of thoughts andahopes, as sharply defined as the stars.210\Explain it how we may it is worthy of note that, while manyastronomers have expressed annoyance at the apparentlyconfusing mass of figures delineated on all authentic celestialplanispheres or star-charts (as witness Sir John Herschel, whocomplained that "the heavens are scribbled over withinterminable snakes," and speaks of them as "those uncouthfigures and outlines of men and monsters usually scribbledaver celestial globes and maps"), yet they are no more ableto set them aside than sceptics, honest or otherwise, have beenable to abolish the written Word of God. Nor have theysucceeded in substituting a more convenient and popular systemsf mapping off the skies.Men of all nations, no matter of what religion or shade ofspinion, agree in adopting these primeval Signs of the heavens.In view of this self-evident truth the Rev. G. Stanley Faberstated that "the forms of men and women, beasts and birds,monsters and reptiles, with which the whole face of the heavenshas been disguised, are not without their signification."The primitive names, both of the Signs and of the individualstars, handed down unaltered from ages past, are in constantuse in the secular press of today. Aben Ezra, commentingupon the original 48 constellations as enumerated a thousandyears ago by Albumazer, says: "According to Albumazer,none of these forms from their first invention have varied incoming down to us, nor one of their words [names] changed,not a point added or removed. "The Original 48 Constellations have been CarefullyPreserved and Transmitted to the Present GenerationWe are indebted to Claudius Ptolemy of Alexandria, whodescribes the constellations very particularly, for ourunderstanding of them. In 137 A.D. he completed his celebratedlist of fixed stars, using as his guide the catalogue compiledabout the year 150 B.G. by the Greek astronomer Hipparchus,who is sometimes called the "Father of astronomy." InPtolemy's list the position of each of the thoysand and morestars he deals with is noted by the eiact place it occupies inthe pictorial figures of the ancient constellatioas. As Ptolemy211

also added the celestial latitude and longitude of each star inhis catalogue, we can tell with exactness the locations andarrangements of the starry pictorial figures as they appearedto the ancient peoples. Hipparchus similarly describes hiscatalogue,and Ulugh Beigh in 1420 A.D. adopted the samemethod. The attempted replacings of other figures for theoriginals by irresponsible meddlers, such as the substitutingof "Berneice's Hair" for the original decan "Coma," thewoman with the child, have been detected and rectified.In this way the ancient constellations have been preserved.Those figures other than the 48 ancient constellations, whichare found in some modem star-maps, such as the Sextant,Giraffe, Fox, Lynx, Clock, Air-pump, and about forty more,are interpolations, and only becloud the pure message as setforth in the beginning. It was Petrus Theodorus, about theyear 1580 A.D., who began adding to the number of pictorialconstellations; but Flamsteed, the first Astronomer Royalfor England, a contemporary and adversary of the greatChristian astronomer Sir Isaac Newton, was largelyinstrumental in confusing the symmetrical arrangement ofthe original 48 emblems by the introduction of others. It ismanifest that Theodorus and Flamsteed did not realize thesymbolical significance of the primeval asterisms, for theirown additions are meaningless.The Originators of the Ancient and Authentic48 ConstellationsWe shall not at this time particularly present the resultsof our investigations into the origins of this interestingsubject. We point out, however, that Hipparchus expresslystates his opinion that the consteilation-pictures and namesare "of unquestioned authority, unknown origin, andunsearchable antiquity. " But while it is true that there isno definite record that any nationality ever has claimed tohave invented these strange celestial symbols, it must not beoverlooked that all authorities, ancient and modern, agree inattributing to "Chaldean Shepherds" the birth of theastronomical science. And these Chaldean Shepherds are212Iidentified with the "Shepherd Kings" who came from theEast, and invading Egypt caused the Great Pyramid to bebuilt. This was the reasoning of Professor C. Piazzi Smyth,founded upoil what appears to be safe historical grounds.Proctor shows that there is a vast blank space in the southernsphere of the heavens, that is, in all ancient star maps,where constellations had not been formed. This blank space,however, is not concentric around the southern pole of theheavens, but angular thereto. This, he holds, is owing to thegradual change in the positions of the stars as beheld from theearth, brought about by the precessional movement.Calculating back precessionally, he finds that theconstellations of the south must have been concentric aroundthe pole about 2000 or more years B.C. Also, because of thisblank space, where none of the figures of the constellationsappear, Proctor concluded that the originator of theseconstellations could not have seen any of the southern starsfrom a point further south than 38" to 41" north of the equator.This latitude passes through the region of Ararat, where theark rested after the flood. The date when the flood dried up,according to the Bible chronology, corroborated by the exacttime-measurements of the Great Pyramid, is 2472 B.C. Fromthis circumstance we would also conclude that the inspiredtframer of the figures of the constellations came forth from theark. According to the Vailian theory, the stars as we now seethem would for the first time have been visible only after theflood. Professor Isaac N. Vail proves that his theory isfounded on scientific facts, and is supported by the correct understandingof the Scriptures respecting the "days" of creation.In his valuable work Primitive Constellations Robert Brown,Jnr., proves that astronomy, history, and archaeology unitein pointing to the Euphrates Valley as the place where the'Signs of the Zodiac, and various others of the ancientconstellation-figures were originated. He shows that thehi5tory, myths, and legends connected with the earlierconstellations are all within the sphere of Semitic influence;and that the Greeks are certainly not to be credited withinventing the constellation-figures, although they largelyperverted then1 in their mythological worship.213

Further Scrij5tzcral Allusions to the ConstellationsReverting to the Scriptural allusions to the stars andconstellations, which allusions strbngly confirm the thoughtthat these ancient pictorial signs and star-names were indeed,meant by Jehovah to syrnbolise and illustrate His Plan ofSalvation, we read in the Book of Job, chapter 26, verse 13(using the marginal reading of the Revised Version) : "Byhis spirit he hath garnished the heavens; his hand hath formedthe fleeing serpent. "As many commentators remark, it is not probable that theinspired writer, when speaking of the creative powers of thegreat Jchovah, would so abruptly descend from the wondrousbeauties of the heavens to the formation ofqa repulsive.reptile,without some deep significance underlying this association.Commenting upon this text Barnes says: "There is no doubtthat Job refers here to the constellations. "The "fleeing serpent" is Hydra, the first Decan in the ZodiacalSign of Leo, or the Lion. That Job is not referring to thephysical stars and to a literal serpent, but to figurativeconstellations, is borne out by the meaning of the Hebrewword translated "garnished." In Daniel 4: 2 this Hebrewword is rendered: "I thought it good to show. "Nebuchadnezzar says:. "I thought it good to show the signsand wonders that the high God hath wrought toward me. Howgreat are his signs! and how mighty are his wonders!"(Daniel 4: 2, 3).Also, in Amos 5: 8 we read: "Seek him that maketh theseven stars and Orion;" that is, the Pleiades, and theconstellation Orion, the "Mighty Hunter" (See Job 38: 31).And in Job 9: 9--"Which maketh Arcturus, Orion, andPleiades, and the chambers of the south," or the twelve signsof the Zodiac.If we paraphrase the above texts we can see better theirtrue import: "By his spirit [operating through one appointed,as it did through David and other holy prophets-See2 Peter 1 : 21; Matthew 22: 437 he hath thought it good t~show [by means of the adorning, frescoed, Signs of theconstellations] in the heavens [the various details of his glorious214Plan of Salvation. For this purpose] his hand hath formed[the constellation of) the fleeing serpent, " or Hydra, to representSatan vanquished at last. For the same reason, also, he"maketh Arcturus, Orion, and Pleiades, and the chambers[or other Signs in the Zodiac] of the south," that all the starsof the heavens might "declare the glory of God"; for the"firmament sheweth his handiwork" (See Psalm 19 : 1).The Signification of ths Co~zstsllntions "Hydra"and "Draco"While the constellation Hydra, the fleeing serpent, thatlong constellation which stretches east and west across theheavens, far south in the southern sphere, represents Satanin his ultimate vanquished state (and all the symbolicalarrangements of the stars agree in this as the properinterpretation), there is another constellation which showsthis great Deceiver of the world in his temporary place of selfexaltation.This is Draco, or the Dragon constellation, thegreat serpent that, in the planispheres, is depicted twiningaround the very northern pole of the heavens.With one consent it is universally acknowledged that theconstellation Draco, the third Decan in the Zodiacal SignSagittarius, is associated with Satan, called in the Scriptures"the dragon, that old serpent, which is the devil. " Satan'sambition ,was that he would be like the Most High, and ascendabove the heights of the clouds. He had said in his heartthat he would ascend into heaven, and exalt his throne abovethe stars of God, and sit also upon the mount of thecongregation, in the sides of the north (See Isaiah 14: 12-14).In due time the old serpent will be cast down; but for a wisepurpose Jehovah has permitted him to rule as the "godJ' ofthis evil world ; for he is called "the god of this world. " Buthe is the god of a dying world, and has the "power of death"for a time. In the Great Pyramid the dying condition ofthe world of mankind is represented by the steep DescendingPassage, leading to the Subterranean Chamber, or Pit,symbolical of death. How appropriate, therefore, that atthe very date when the Pyramid was erected the chief star215

in the Dragon constellation, named- in ancient times Thuban,which means literally, in Hebrew, "subtile," and hence"subtle, " but now more generally known as Alpha Dracoilis,should shine right down this inclined passage!The Great Pyramid's "Star-Paintings " Forms a Keyto the Deciibhermertt of the .Stellar SignsBut, as we have seen, not only was the symbolical stoneWitness in Egypt arranged by its Divine Architect, in itsstructure, the site it stands on, and the time of its erection,to point to the stellar representation of that great evil beingwho is called "that Old Dragon" and "Serpent," the "godof this world," it was also planned to direct the groaningworld to their only sure hope of deliverance from Satan anddeath. For just as the Dragon constellation represents Satan,so the Sign "Taurus" is the Zodiacal symbol of Christ in hispower; aqd the Pleiades group of seven stars in this Signis believed to be the centre of the universe, whence theAlmighty governs.Satan may appear to work his own evil designs for a time,but the "sweet influences" of the Pleiades cannot be bound,but must prevail over all in God's due time (See Job 38: 32).While the axis of the Descending Passage in the Great Pyramidpointed to Tauban, the subtle, in the Dragon constellation,the wonderful scored lines on the walls of this passage, drawn.at right-angles to the downward way, pointed directly upwardto the very centre of the Pleiades in the Taurus constellation,-to Alcyone, which means centre, or foundation.The Great Pyramid, in its exact paintings to these wellrecognisedand Scripturally-noted constellations, may beregarded as a "key" to the reasonable deciplierment of allthe stellar signs. For just as all the various books of the Bibleunite in proclaiming the Plan of the Ages, and also, just asthe Pyramid's passages and chambers unite in corroboratingthe truth of that Plan, so the twelve Signs of the Zodiac, withtheir accomp?nying thirty-six Decans (three Decans to eachSign), must unite in declaring the glory of God, as revealedin His loving designs for the salvation of mankind.216It is the angle of the Descending Passage which, by point@at the time of the Pyramid's erection to the very place in thecelestial sphere where the "Dragon" star shone brightly, that,enabled the Divine Architect to make of His. stone Witness+a connecting-link between the celestial and terrestrial symbolsaf His Plan. Had this angle been other than it is, the unionwould not have been established. Neither would the equallywonderful union between the Great Pyramid and Bethlehem,the place of our Lord's birth, have been established. This.angle, therefore, was not chosen in an haphazard fashion, butwas most scientifically fixed, and with definiteness of purpose,like all other features of the Pyramid.Without angles the astronomical science would be impossible.:So also with the navigation of the seas, and the surveying ofland, the knowledge of the laws governing angles isindispensable. And it would appear that we must recognisethe important part played by angles if we desire to build upfaith in the testimony of the Great Pyramid, and the testimony-of the constellations, on the firm foundation of instructedreason. To the scientific thinker and worker nothing appealsmore logically than a demonstration by angles. The laws-governing them are so well known, and they are so absolute,that the most critical mind is fully satisfied with the deductionsdrawn from their intelligent application.The companion books of this series are entitled:The Grenf Pyrclmiri : Its Tinre-Feczt~,res(Part If of 1.914 d.n. nlzll tlre Great I~yrcztrrid)The Gveczt Pyrrrrrtirl : Its Spiritzcnl Sytrrboli.st~t

NOTICEThe Booklets noticed below are good value. They have been,and still are, much used in the spread of the knowledge of theputh,the subject-matter of each being in perfect harmony withStudies in the Scriptures." Many 'write expressing theirthankfulappreciatipn.These11Bookletsall uniformin sizeand priceWhere are the Dead?Socialism and the Bible.Mythology and the Bible.The Great Pyramid and the Bible.Memoirs of Doctor John Edgar.Memoirs of Aunt Sarah.A Tree Planted by the Rivers of Water.The Preservation of Identity in the Resurrection..Abraham's Life-History an Allegory.'Faith's Foundations, also Waiting on God.Prayer and the Bible.TWO STYLES OF BINDINGThese handy and useful little books are neatly bound in distinctive colours,.either in paper covers or in stiff boards covered with good cloth.The cloth-bound brochures have the title blocked in gold on the cover andform a neat little library-a truly valuable little collection, containing a mineofinformation in a very small space.Paper-bound: Per copy, 29d., or 5 centsOne dozen copies, 21-, or 50 cents.50 copies, 71-, or $1.75.100 copies, 131-, or $3.25.500 copies at the rate of 121-, or $3.00, per 100.1000 copies at the rate of 11/-, or $2.75, per 100.Cloth-bound : Per copy, ad., or 16 cents.Eleven copies, 74d.. or 15 cents, per copy.Twenty-two copies, 7d., or 14 cents, per copy.Forty-four copies,.6&d., or 13 cents, per copy.Eighty-eight coples, 6d., or 12 cents, per copy.Note-Ordersfor quantities may be assortedNew Edition WHERE ARE THE DEAD? Large SizeSince first published in 1908, Dr. Edgar's little brochure on^LCWhere are the dead ? " has had a wide circulation. Many haveexpressed a desire to procure this importailt address in a largerand more durable form. We have, therefore, prepared a SpecialEdition, printed on stout antique paper, with large clear type..It is bound in stiff cloth boards, and measures 79-in. by 5-in.Price: Per copy, 21-, or 50 cents.Ten copies at the rate of 119 or 45 cents.Address Orders to MORTON EDGAR, 224 Weat Regent St, Claegow, ScotlantR:

Great Pyramid PassagesBy JOHN EDGARM.A.. B.Sc.. M.B., C.M.. F.R.F.P.S.G.and MORTON EDGARFor full information on the subject of the Great Pyram~dprocure the volumes of " Great Pyramid Passages." Thesevolumes were specially alluded to and reconlmended to all searchersafter truth by the late Pastor Charles T. Russell of Brooklyn.and London Tabernacles. They are not~ced In the "1NatchTower " for 1910 and 1913. Yol. I1 is quoted in Vol. 1'11 of" Studies in the Scriptures " as an authoritative work.Vol. I, now reprinted and in stock, describes the exterior and interiorof the building very minutely, and coiltains numerous photographs, drawings,,and diagrams. The symbolism of the Great Pyramid is dealt with in thisvolume.Vol. 11, now reprinked and in stock, fully demonstrates how the GreatPyramid corrofioratrs the Bible Chronology and time-features, hy means of;the Pyramid-inch mea.surements. This 2nd volume also explains all theScriptural time-features. A portion of this 2nd volume appeared in the"'Watcb Tower " for November 15t11, 1904, and for June 15th, 1905, and in,other recent issues.Vol. 111, now in course of preparation, will appear in print later. This3rd volume will deal largely with the scientific features of the Great Pyramid.These scientific features establish the correctness of the various measurementsof the building, and hence corroborate the time-features which are based uponthe measurements. (Announcement will be made when the 3rd volume is;in print.)Price :~lbth-bound, 816, or $2.00, per copy.10 copies at the rate of 716, or $1.75, per copy.25 copies and over at the rate of 616, or $1.50, per copy.Be Luxe Editiolz, 14/6, or $3.50, per copy.10 copies and over at the rate of 1216, or $3.00, per copy.Note-Ordersfor quantities may be assorted!NOTE-When remittina orders. please do not send stampa or coins. Paper money maybe sent: but International Money Orders, or Bank Drafts or Cheques are safest.American Cheques or Drafts should be throuah a Bank with a New York connection,and made out in Dollars and Cents-not in Enzlish money. TheseDrafts or Cheques are cheaper to the sender than the Postal Money Orders.Letters from U.S.A. require a two cent stamp.require a four cent stamp. (Post cards, two cents.)Letters from CanadaAddress Orders to MORTON EDCAR, 224 West Regent St., Clasgow, ScotlandThree Useful Books on the Great Pyramid :(1) The Great Pyramid : Its Spiritual Symbolism (144 pages).(2) The Great Pyramid : Its Scientific Features (224 pages).(Part I of 1914 4.D. aild the Great Pyramid.)(3) The Great Pyramid : Its Time-Features (176 pages).(Part I1 of 1914 A.D. a ~ Lhe ~ d Great Pyramid.)Price : For a single.copy, 213, or 55 cents.6 copies at the rate of 21-, or 50 cents, per copy.12 copies at the rate of 119, or 45 cents. per copy.48 copies and over at the rate of 116, or 35 cents, per copy.The three books, printed on stouter paper, may beprocured bound togetherin stiff boards covered with good cloth, and title blocked in real gold.Price of above three Pyramid books bound together in cloth :One copy for 816, or $2.00.10 .copies at the rate of 716, or $1.75, per copy.25 copies and over at the rate of 616, or $1.50, per copy.Great Pyramid ChartThis chart is drawn true to scale from actual measurements taken in thePyramid by Dr. John Edgar autl his brother, Morton Edgar, during 1909 and1912. It is the only diagram of this monument which has the accurate lengthof the Descending Passage, and the correct dimensions of the buildinggenerally. It can be procured in three sizes, but the 4+-feet by 3-feet size.printed on cloth, which contains the dimensions of every part of the Pyramid,is specially recommended. The wonderful symbolisms and Pyramid-inchtime-measurements of the building demonstrate beyond all doubt the greatimportance of the date 1914 A.D., one of the most momentous yearsin history..The price of the 49-feet by 3-feet size :New Edition, lithographed in five colours, on cloth, 41, or $1.00, per copy..Old Edition, lithographed in black, on cloth, 31-, or 75 cents, per copy..Small size, 3-feet by 2-feet, printed in black :On Cloth: 1 copy at 116, or 35 cents, per copy.5 copies at the rate of 113, or 30 cents, per copy.On Paper: 1 copy at 6d., or 12 cents.5 copies at the rate of 4d., or 8 cents, per copy.10 copies at the rate of 3d., or 6 cents, per copy.Special large size, suitable for lectbring from in large halls, lo&-feet by 7-feet,hand painted 011 cloth, coloured, 351-, or $8.50, per copy.Chronological ChartThis chart of the chronology and time-features of the Bible is that whichappears in the "Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society's" Eible. 'ft is clearlyprinted, and proves most helpful to an understanding of the times andseasons." It is fully explained in Vol. I1 of the work entitled "GreatPyramid Passages."44-feet by 3-feet, printed on cloth, 31-, or 75 cents, per copy.18-in. by 12-in., on art paper, bound with brass top and bottom for hangingon wall, 3d., or 6 cents, per copy; six or nlorecopies, 29d., or 5 cents, per copy.7-in. by &-in. stiff art card, twelve copies, 6d., or 12 cents.Post card size, for correspondence, fifty copies, 116, or 35 cents. ,Address Orders to MORTON EDGAR, 224 West Regent St., Clasgow, Scotlandi

Lantern Slides sf the Great PyramidThere is no better way of test~fying to the Lord's glorious Plan of Salvation.than by drawing attention to the teaching of His own " Stone XV~tness," theGreat f'yramid.Experience has fully clenlonstrated that a Pyramid Lecture bas great.attraction for the general thinking public. It is a subject which appeals tothoughtful people ; and this is as it should be, for God Himself is responsiblefor the building's existence. God Himself caused it to be erected for the,special purpose of serving as a " Sign " and "Witness " to the truth of HisHoly Word-See Isa. 19 : 19, 20. It is our prililege to co-operate with Him-in drawing attention to this great symbol of Ilis arrangement for the salvationof the world.The Lantern Slides which we supply are made from the original negatives.of our photographs taken at the Pyramid, and also from the original diagrams..drawn true to scale from our persolla1 measurements of the building duringthe years 1909 and 1912.Being made by the wet-collodion process, these Slides are clear andbrilliant. The full coloured set is specially recommended, as they loolcbeautiful on the screen --they are well worth the extra cost. The Slides haveeach a descriptive title, and are numbered to accompany the lecture-entitled: "The Pyramid Portrayal of Creation." But they can be easily-re-arranged to suit other lectures.(1) Set of 103 Slides, 2 Coloured and 101 Plain - - L7 10 0, or $39.00{Z) ,, ,, 77 ,, 16 ,, - - LlZ 10 0, or- 963.00(3) ,, ,, 95 ,, 8 ,, - - j13 10 0, or $68.00These prices are for the Enqlisb size ni ~lide, 3i-in, by 3$-in. If thp larger American size,.4-in by 3$-in., isrrquired, add 5 cen!s per slide (or $5.00 in all). In most cases the slide-carlier-in American lanterns can be adapted Lo LaLe the smaller, 3t-in. by 3t-in., slide.Note-Itis a good plan to open and close the lecture by requesting theaudience to sing a few verses of a hymn shown on the scrzen ; a.s u~ellas several verses during he two intervals. Ey thus participating inthe entertainment, the audience feel more at one with the lecturer.For this purpose we havc prepared eleven special Hymn Slides, withone verse on each slide, set in an appi-opriate scenic background,beautifully coloured. The price is 316, or 90 cents, each slide.The Pyramid Portrayal of CreationPrice: Per copy, 116, or 35 cents.Six copies at the rate of 113, or 30 cents, per copy.One dozen copies and over at the rate of I/-,or 25 cents, per copy.This lecture is printed in large clear type, with a space betweell the para-.graphs, so that it can be easily read in the darkened Lecture Hall under evena dim light from the Lecturer's table-lantern. The paragraphs are numberedand titled to correspond with the Lantern Slides.The numerous drawings and diagrams, of which there are over three.dozen, illustrate the text of this lecture, so that, while primarily arranged toaccompany the Lantern Slides noticed above, the general reader will find theperusal of its pages both interesting and instructive. The subject-matter iscontinuous from start to finish, and gives a connected description of. themonument and its wonderful symbolisms. In size, it measures 8-in. by54-in., with 64 pages and cover. On the cover is an embossed and colouredpicture of the Pyramid. Write for a sample copy at 116 (35 cents).Address Orders to MORTON EDGAR, 224 west Regent St., Clasgow, Scotland

CONTENTSI 'ageI~~trotluctory - - - - - - - - - - 13'l'lln (;rc;lt: I.'yl.i~lliicl ('o111111;1,1i(ls A(t~~l(.ion - - 14'~l~c~~~~~~~~L~l'yr;i,~~ii~lis:~,l'~c~~~li~~t- - - - - I 6'l'l~e ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ C ~ 'I);I,(.

SectionVTII TheLawCovenant - - - - - - - -Tllc " Extended " I.enqth of the First Axending13assagc is Proportionate to the nfllole PyramidThe Length of the Granite Plug - - - - -The l'osition of the Granite Plug - -. - -The Significance of the Sii~lbers 7, and qoo - -Tllc Gospel Age : Cail and Trial of Christ's " Body " -The Two Ways of Gaining the Grand Gallery -The Beginning of the Gospel Age - - - -. -The " Feet " Members of the Body of Christ, riclcltheirTs?orlr - - - - - - - -The Significance of the Horizontal Passage - - - -Wow the Length of the Horizontal Passage Indicatestlie Period of 7000 Years of the XVorld's HistoryThe Length of the Horizontal Passage is GeometricallyExact - - - - - - - -The Horizontal Passage and the 7040 Years Period -The Descendiilg Passagr : Its Significance and itsMeasurements - - - - - - -Lower Terminals of the Ilescending Passage - -The " Point of lnterscction " . . . . .Thc Symbolica.1 Significance and I.cngt11 of thcDescendingI'assagc - - - - - -The Date 1914 A.D. 1s hlol~umentalised in the GreatPyramid - - - - - - - - -The First -4ppcarance of the Icing - - - -Thc " Seven Times " that Passcd ovcrNebuchadnezzar - - - - - - -- -~g~~~.n.wastheEndofthe"SevenTimes"The First Appearance of Israel's Icing was NecessaryThe Great Pyramid's Precise Indication or the Datesof our Lord's First Advent - - - - -The Duration of the Gospel Age - - - - -The " Seven Times " Measurenlent in the Great Pyramidl'ime-Parallels in the Jewish and Gospel Ages - - -The " Rabylonish Captivity of the Papacy " - -Rome Identified with " Babylon the Great " - -The Beginniilg of the Decliiie of " Babylon theGreat " . - - - - - - - -Marsiglio, the " Morning Star of the Reformation ' ' -Wyc1,iffe and the " Great Papal Schism " - - -The Reformation IYorlr of Huss was Secular as wellasspiritual - - - - - - - -The Invention of Printing, and the Reviv;~l ofLearning - - - - - - - - -'The Condition of the Religious \Vorld nt the Firstalkd Seconcl Aavents of Jesus Chrisl:c , .- - -SectionX STXX'IXIXXXXXIXXIIXXIIIX XTVTheSecondAdvent - - - - - - - -The Jewish " Double " : The Resurrection of the " Body "of Christ - . - . . - - . -The Ante-Chamber and the 1q4,ooo Overcomers -The Grand Gallrry and the 144,ooo - - - -, -A 1915-Year Indication - - - -Another Indication of the 144,000 - - - -l7urther Indications oi the 1914 A.D. Date - - - -Another Indication of the 1914 A.D. Date - -The 14q.,ooo, and the 2915-Year Pe,riod - - -The Rectangle, and its Close Indicatiol~ of theDuration of the Solar Tropical Year - - -The Flood, and Christ's Baptism - - - - - -First Adam's 1000-year " Day ". . - - -TheFirstAdam - - - - - - - - -The Complete Period of Salvation - - - - -Second Adam's 1000-year " Day " - - - - -The Connection between the Great Pyramid and Bethlehemand the 2138, and 1915, Periods of Years - -The 2138-Year Indication - - - - - -The1915-YearIndication - - - - - -The Harmony of the z138 Period of Yea.15 with the PlanoftheAges - - - - - - - -The Measure of 2 r 38 Proportionately Related to theLower Reach of the Descending Passage - -The 2138 Period Indicated by the Two Levels of theIcing's and Queen's Chambers - - - - I Go-The Geo~netrical Relationship between the twoAdjoining Periods of 0138 and 1915 Years - -TheTwo Periods of 2138 and 1915 Years are GeometricallyRelated to the PrecessionaI Cycle Period -The Symmetrical Connection between the Solar Year,the Precessional Cycle, and the 1.91g-year,Periods - - - - - - - -The Solar Year, the Precession, and 1915, Connectedby the Pyramid's D~menslons - - - The Pre-Historic " Zero " Year Illdlcatlo~l - - -The Method by which the " Zero " I'ear is Indicated -The Interval betwecn the " Zero " Year and theExodus of the Israelites from Egypt - - -Dimensional Proportions Connected with the " Zero "Point. A Precessional Cycle Indication - -The " Zero" Point Level Indicates the Size of thePyramid - - - - - - - - -T)le " Shortening " of the Time - . - - -

Great Pyramid PassagesBy JOHN EDGARbI.A., B.Sc., M.B., C.M., F.R.F.P.S.G.and MORTON EDGARFor full information on the subject of the Great Pyramidprocure the volumes of " Great Pyramid Passages." Thesevolumes were specially alluded to and rccommcnded to allsearchers after truth by the late Pastor Charles T. Russell ofBrooklyn and London Tabernacles. They are noticed in the" Watch Tower " for 1910 and 1913. Vo1. I1 is quoted in Vol.VII of " Studies in the Scriptures " as an authoritative work.Vol. I, now reprinted and in stock, describes the exterior and interiorof the building very minutely, and contains numerous photographs, drawingsand diagrams. The symbolism of the Great Pyramid is dealt with in thisvolume.Vol. 11, now reprinted and in stock, fully demonstrates how theGreat Pyramid corroborates the Bible Chronology and time-features, bymeans of the Pyramid-inch measuremeiits. This 2nd volume also explainsall the Scriptural time-features. A portion of this 2nd volume appeared inthe " Watch Tower" for Nov. 15th. 1904, and for June 15th, 1905. and inother recent issi~es.Vol. 111, now in course of preparation, will appear in print later.This 3rd volume will deal largely with the scientific features of the GreatPyramid. These scientific features establish the correctness of the varioilsmeasurements of the building, and hence corroborate the time-featureswhich are based upon the measurements. (Announcement will be made whenthe 3rd volume is in print.)Price :Cloth-bound, 8/6, or $2.00, per copy.10 copies at the rate of 7/6, or $1.75, per copy.25 copies and over at the rate of 6/6, or $1.50, per copy.De Luxe Edition, 14/6, or $3.50, ber coby.10 cobies and over at the rate of 12/6, or $3.00, Jer coJy.Note-Orders for quantities may be assortedNOTE'-When rt'mltting orders, please do not send stamps or coins. Paper nloneymay be sent: but International Money Orders, or Bank Drafts or Chequesare safest. American Cheques or Drafts should be through a Bank with aNew York connection and made out in Dollars and Cents-not In Engllsbmoney. These ~rafis or Cheques are cheaper to the sender than thePostal Moncy Ordcrs.Letters from U.S.A. require a two cent stamp. Letters from Canadarequire a four cent stamp. (T'ostcards two cents.)Address Orders to MORTON EDGAR, 224 West Regent Street, Clasgow, Scotland

GREATl'6STIME FEA'I'UKFlS1914 A.D. AND TIE GREAT PYRAMIDSECTION IThe north-wesf angle of the Great Pyramid of Gizeh, showing the roadway'HAT if all the great doctrines of Revelation, allthc prominent characteristics of the ages, and a11the mightiest facts in human and sacred historyshould be found monumentalised in the masonry of theGreat Pyramid ? What if we should hear from out its darkand long misunderstood passages and chambers just where weare in the stream of time, what scenes are next to be expectedin the affairs of earth, and what unexa~llpled changes presentlyawait us ? What if it should turn out to be a clear and manifestprophecy of man's fall and degradation, and of his subseque~ltredemption and restoration to the everlasting favour of God,indelibly written in measures and angles ? What, indeed, ~fthis wonderful edifice, reared more than forty centuries ago,should at last prove itself an earlier and independent Revelationlrom the Lord of heaven and earth, a duplicate of His volumcof inspiration, the Bible ?" Nor is it an extravagant anticipation to expect even thus~nuch from this marvellous pillar of stone," writes that far-seeingauthor, the Rev. Joseph A. Seiss, in his valuable little work onthe Pyramid, A Miracle ifz Stolze, published about fifty ycnrsago. " Once admit," lie cont~niizs, " as I believe it will yethave to be admitted, that superhuman intelligence is in it,and there is then every reason to count on finding the whole13

story." " I sllall bc inuch mistaken if it does not turn out,without forcing of facts or dealing in fancies, that in these rocltsarld their emplaceinents arc treasured up from hoar antiquitythe whole Plan of God in grace and miracle, as well as in the~uliverse of nature."The Rev. Joseph Seiss cor~cludes with these poetical words :" With all of man's workmanship that went before it in utter ruin,it stands only the more readable from the damages of time,tllc grand indestructible monument of the tiue priirleval marl.Upon its pedestal of rock, battered by tlie buffetings of fortycenturies, it stands, upspringing like a tonguc of fire kindled olGod to light the course of timc down to its final goal andco~isummation."The. G~eat pyramid Commands Attention" Old Time, himself so old, is like a child,And can't remember when these blocks were piledOr cavelns scooped ; but, with amazed eye,ITc sccins to pause, llke other standers-by,Half thinking how the wonders here lllade kllownWcrc born in ages older than his own."Mco ol thoughtlul ancl reverential minds, when once tllcir:I( tc~~lion 11as I)ccn drawn to thc scientific and religious claiilisol t11(. Great l'yrainid, always have been impressed with therc~asoilablcness of these claims ; and some have felt impelledto pursue iilvestigations still further into this fruitful subject,and kilowledge of it has thus steadily increased. It is no longertrac, as the poet would have us believe, that " Old Time" isuiiable to tell us when this ancient building was erected ; fortllc Pyramid itself declares the date, and this in so many ways,astronomical and by measures, that we are not left in doubt.illld tlie truths it teaches by its spiritual symbolism, and scientificand prophetic features are convincingly clear, demonstratingbeyond question to all who pay heed that this primeval monumentis none other than the " Sign " and " Witness " to the Lordof Iloztc, built four inillenniums ago, that it might speak to theworld in this day, proclaiming the great Jehovah's foreknowledgeand wisdom, no less than his omnipotent power, justice, andlove.14Sl'cakii~g of tllc Grcat T'yramicl uf Gizch, tl~c 1eai.nt.d Rev.Joseph 'T. Goodsir wrote : " The numhcr ailcl iinportallcc of ttlclessons which its ,cliscloscd mystery tcachcs is indecd verystriking. Thus it testifies to the state of the stellar heavensat the time of its building, and teaches at the same time itsown age. It helps also to determine the date of the flood, andto give consistency to the chronology and history of diluvianand post-diluvian times. It testifies to the iinportance of theexact and of the physical sciences, terrestrial and cosmical, notinercly fl-on1 the utilitarian, but from the religious point ofview. . . . It thus seals, as with a Diviile impress left onadainantine materials, the truth that sound sciencc is not urilya handmaid but a defender of sound religion.""Such are tlie things taught us at tliis day by the Grcatl'yramid, as there are noble inen of science sufficieiltly animatedwith Christian truthfulness and courage manfully to proclaim.We thus see a united science, righteousness, and religiontestifying from the Great Pyrainid with a reawakened mien,just as they were intended to do more than four thousand yearsago. The oldest and iioblest building is thus seen to be at oncin testimony and in spirit with the oldest and noblest book.God is making that great name for Himself, I believe, by tllc(kcat Pyranlicl at this day."John Taylor, one of tile most thoughtful of men, and whohad the honour t.o begin investigations as to the sacred originof tlie Pyramid, says in his well-known work : " When so manyevidences of the scientific ltnowledge of the founders of theGreat Pyramid present themselves, these facts cannot bedisregarded. The difficulty inay be great in supposing apcuplc to have been in existence at that early period, who werecapable of exccnting a work of so vast a magnitude on purelyscientific principles, but is it not also probable, that to someiiidividuals God may have given the knowledge, even at thatcarly age of the world, for which we are now contending ? "" Moses, we are told, was adnionished of God when he wasabout to make the Tabernacle, which was to serve as the exampleand shadow of lleaveilly thivgs, ' For see, saitll he, that thoumakc all things according to the pattern shewed to thee in theMount.' There is an originality in the character of these early15

t-velations, which shows thetrl to lrave A higher soiurce than LII,LLof n~arr's plesent intelligence, gieat as it nlay seem."Anothcr giftcd writer, also, cluoted by Profes501 C. I'I,IL/,I5inyt11, says : " In our opinion thc idea of a 1)ivinc iolcl.-position in the planning and construction of thc Grcat Pyrrtmitl,n lleil closely contemplated as springing froin all t lic fd cts a lidiclations of the caw, is perfcctly rational and crcdtblc in tllccsli~llation of a rightly-instructed mind."The Great Pyramid is a Pro$lzct, .lh(: foregoing qliotations from the writing5 ol stuclc~lts oitlic Pyramid, which will serve as examples of similar exprcssio~lsby many authors, show that this building is recognised to benot only a scientific monument, but a $ro$hetic one also. Thisremarkable claim is well sustained by the numerous timcmeasurementswhich are found to be embodied in the scientificdimensions of the Pyramid. When the method by which thel~uilding was made to show forth time periods is understood,and when we remember that this monument was constructedeven before Abraham was born, and long before the Rooks ofthe Old Testament were written, we call agree that the title" Prophet " is a fitting one to apply to it.In the beginning, when Adam fell into sin through hisdisobedience, the Lord declared that the seed of the womanwould bruise the serpent's head, and that the serpent wouldbruise the heel oi the seed. This declaration, while it foretoldtrouble for the seed, gave rise to hope, for it promised that inthe due time the seed would gain the victory over Satan.But it was not until the time of Abraham, 2081 ycars later,that God began in a definite way to work out his plan for thcreclamation of the human family from death, for it was to,\braham that the Lord made his promise : " I will make olthee a great nation, and I will bless thee, and make thy narncgreat ; and thou shalt be a blessing : And I will bless themthat bless thee, and curse him that curseth thee : and in theeshall all families of the earth be blessed " (Genesis 12 : 2, 3).,4nd later, when Abraham had demonstrated his willingnessto sacrifice even his only begotten son Isaac because God hadI Gread: " By myself have I sworn, saith the Lord, for becausethou hast done this thing, and hast not withheld thy son, thineonly son : That in blessing I will bless thee, and in multiplyingI will multiply thy seed as the stars of the heaven, and as thesand which is upon the sea shore ; and thy seed shall possessthc gate of his enemies ; and in thy seed shall the nations ofthe casth be blessed ; because thou hast obeyed my voice "(Genesis 22 : 16-18).For another long period of 2081 years (according to theaccurate chronology of the Scriptures),.this promise remainedthe exclusive privilege of the natural seed of Abraham. At theend of it, in the year 36 A.D., when the prophetic " 70 weelrs "of Daniel were fulfilled, this exclusive favour to the naturalseed ceased, and the Gentiles were given the opportunity tobecome members in the great spiritual Seed of Abraham ; asit is written : " Now therefore ye are no more strangers andforeigners, but fellow-citizens with the saints, and of the householdof God ; and are built upon the foundation of the apostlesand prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner stone."" There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond norfree, there is neither male nor female : for ye are all one inChrist Jesus. And if ye be Christ's, then ye are Abraham'sseed, and heirs according to the promise " (Ephesians 2 : 19, 20 ;Galatians 3 : 27-29).From the time that the remnant of the natural seed ofAbraham received Christ, and were given the privilege ofB~ I7

ecoming the " sons of God " (John I : 11-13 ; Romans11 : 4-7), and from the time that Cornelius the first Gentileconvert received the " spirit of adoption " into the spiritualfamily of God (Acts 10 : 24-45 ; Romans 8 : 14-17), the" members in particular " of the Body of Christ, all of whonltogether constitute the promised Seed of Abraham, have becnselected from amongst all nations (I Corinthians 12 : 12-14, 27 ;Galatians 3 : 16). For this purpose, that membership in theBody of Christ might be completed, the whole Gospel Age wasset apart by the Lord (2 Corinthians 6 : I, 2).We read that " known unto God are all his works from thebeginning of the world," and that therefore every detail of Lhetimes and seasons which, the Scriptures say, " the Father hathput in his own power," was forearranged by Him, the mighty" King of the Ages " (Acts I : 7 ; 15 : 14-18). When we reflectthat all these many features of Jehovah's " Plan of the Ages,"each having its due time for fulfilment, were monulnentalisedin the Great Pyramid of Gizeh before the birth of Abraham, itis impossible for us to doubt the prophetic nature of the building.While many of these things are now in the past, yet in thelight of the past we may read the future. Thc Apostle, addressingthe members of the Body of Christ, said : " Now we, brethren,as Isaac was, are the children of promise " ; and on the strengthof the sure Word of Prophecy, and the testimony of thecorroborating Great Pyramid, we can listen with a new understandingto his utterance : " And the God of peace shall bruiseSatan under your feet shortly " (Galatians 4 : 28 ; 2 PeterI : 19 ; Romans 16 : 20 ; Isaiah 19 : 19, 20).SECTION I1THE CIIRONOLOGICAL DATES OF THE SCIIIPTUHESBEFORE we can appreciate clearly the time features ofthe Great Pyramid, it is essential that we shouldestablish the fact that, in the Scriptures we cantrace from the time of Adam a connected chain ofchronological dates. This is what we should rightly expect,for if God " hath spoken by the mouth of all his holy prophetssince the world began," as the Apostle tells us in Acts 3 : 21,and thus declares Himself as the Author of the Holy Word,and if, as Jesus said, " the Father hath put in his own power "the " times and seasons," then the " Word of Truth" will beconsistent in every particular.We need only let the Bible instruct us in this importantfeature, accepting what we find in it without qualification ;'and when we do so we shall have a chronology of the worldfrom the very beginning of man's advent into it, which haswithstood the test of every adverse criticism. In the nextSection we shall examine some of the supposed difficulties andshow that they are not insuperable, but that all reasonableobjections are explained by the Scriptures themselves.Opposite each date we append the text, and suggest thatthe reader consult the Hible, and thus prove for himself thatthese things are so.BIBLE DATESGod created Adam - - B.C. 4128 Gen. 2 : 7 ; 5 :I.had a son at 130 ,, 5:3.Seth born - - - - B.C. ,7998had a son at 10.5 ,, 5:G.Enos born - - - - B.C. 3893had a son at 90 , 5 : 9.-I9

-Cainan born - - - -had a son atMahalaleel born + -had a son atJaredborn - - - -had a son atEnoch born - - - -had a son ath~lethuselah born - - -had a son atLalncch born - - - -had a son atNoah born - - - -Age of Noah at FloodDate of FLOOD - - -Shem had a son after FloodArpliaxad born - - -had a son atSalallborn - - - -had a son atEberborn - - - -had a son atPelegborn - - - -had a son atReu born - - - - -had a son atScrug born - - - -had a son atNahorborn - - - -had a son at'I'erah born - - - -Terah died atABRAIJAMIC COVENANTAbraham in CanaanWhen Isaac was born - -Isaac had a son atJacob bqrn - - - -Age of JacobWhen Jacob entered EgyptJacob was in EgyptB.C. 344I187B.C. 325418 2B.C. 3072600B.C. 24722B.C. 247035B.C. 243530-B.C. 240534-B.C. 237130B.C. 234132B.C. 230930B.C. 2250205B.C. 202060--B.C. 1960130-B.C. 183017Gen.Jacob died, beginning of the B.C. 1813 Gen. 46 : 3 ; qg : 28.NATION op ISRAEL Deut. 26 : 5.Date of Abrahamic Covenant 3.c. 2045Children of Isracl sojourned 430 Exod. 12 : 40-43 ;-- [Gal. 3 : 17.EXODUS from Egypt - - R.C. 1615 ., 12 : 40-43.Wandering in the Wilderness 40 Deut. 8 : 2.-Enter land of CANAAN - B.C. 1575 : 18, 19; Num.Division of the land-Beginning of JUDGES - - B.C. 1569Period of Judges 450 Acts I3 : 20.Saul enthroned - - -Years of reignDavid enthroned - - -Years of reignSolomon enthroned . -Years of reignRehoboam enthroned - -Years of reignAbijah enthroned - - -Years of reignAss enthroned - - -Years of reignJehoshaphat enthroned -Years of reignJehoram enthroned - -Years of reignAhaziah enthroned - -Years of reignAthaliah enthroned - -Years of reignJoash enthroned - - -Years of reignAmaziah enthroned - -Years of reignUzziah enthroned - - -Years of reignJotham enthroned - - -Years of reignAhaz enthroned - - -Years of reignB.C. 1x1940AB.C. 107940-B.C. 103940B.C. 93825B.C. 905I-B.C. 89840-B.C. 858"9-B.C. 82952,, 13 : 21.I Chron. 29 : 27.2 Chron. g : 30.,, I2 : 13.,, I3 : 2.,, 16: 13.,, 20 : 31.,, 21 : 20., 22 : 2.

Hezekiah enthroned - - B.C. 745Years of reign 29 2 Chron. 29 : I..-Manassch enthroned - - B.C. 716Years of reign 5.5Alnon enthroned - - - B.C. 661Years of reign 2 SECTION 111Josiah enthroned - - - B.C. 659Years of reign 3IJehoialriin enthroned - - B.C. 628Years of reign II--Zedekiah enthroned - - B.C. 617Years of reign 11Zedekiah dethroned-beginning --of TIMES of the GENTILES B.C. 606DESOLATION OF LAND 70EDICT OF CYRUS - - B.C. 536Birth of the Man Christ Jesus B.C. 2Baptism of Jesus Christ - A.D. 29Death and Resurrection ofChrist - - - - A.D. 33End of 6000 years from thecreation of Adam - - A.D. 137106000 years from the fall ofAdam - - - - A.D. 1874End of the Seven Times ofthe Gentiles - - - A.D. 19~4,, 36:zo,z1.Jer. 25 : 11.12 (marg.).Jer. 29 : 10 :2 Chron. 36 : 22, 23.(See Section VII).r iFROM the foregoing list of Bible Dates (Sec. 11), wefind that the chronological chain is composed ofnine main periods or links of varying lengths. Eachlink will stand close investigation, when examined in thelight of the Scriptures themselves. It is important that theyshould be thoroughly tested, for the correct interpretation ofthe time-prophecies entirely depends upon the true chronology.We believe that the Great Pyramid is an added witness,Divinely arranged, to confirm the faith of the Lord's peoplein the chronology of the Bible as here presented, that they maysurely know where they are in the stream of time, and thus beenabled to co-operate with Him in the outworking of His grandPlan of the Ages.The Period of 1656 YearsFrom the creation of Adam to the flood the chronologicalperiod of 1656 years is based upon thc records of the originalHebrezo Scriptures. As has been pointed out by many eminentchronologists, the addition in the Greek Septuagint version ofthe Old Testament of exactly xoo years to the ages of most ofthe patriarchs, is quite evidently a forgery. We collld notimagine a reason why the Hebrews in Palestine should desireto shorten thcir ancient chronological records ; but it is easy tosee why the Greek Jews in Egypt were induced to lengthen themwhen translating the oiiginal Hebrew into Greek. They desiredto make their history appear as ancient as possible in theirGreek translation, in order to compare favourably with theirEgyptian neighbours ; for the Egyptian historians claimedimmensely long eras for their past records.23

BIBLE 'CHRONOLOCY -JEWISH DOUBLEPARALLELS(7JFDUR EMPIRESI nLLTHE DIVINE PLAN OF THE ACES

It is well to note that Egyptologistsadmit that Egyptian historicchronology is a clifkcult subject,owing chiefly to an insufficiency offacts in connection with the reignsof the kings of the 7th to nth,and 13th to 17th dynasties. Theoriginal list of kings compiled bythe Egyptian priest and historian,Manetho, in the first half of the3rd century B.c., is lost; and thecopies of it which are preserved inthe writings of Julius Africanus andEusebius (both of' the 3rd centuryA.D.) are conflicting. Nor do anyof the later excavated tablets andpapyri records contain a completechronological list of kings. Formany of the kings of Egypt neitherthe order of succession, nor lengthof reign is known, and thereforeit is impossible for an accuratechronological history of Egypt tobe compiled.Many systems of chronology, ofcourse, have been put forward ; butthe difficulty of arriving at anyreliable conclusion is apparent fromthe diversity of opinion. Theuncertainty which attends Egyptianchronology, equally applies to thatof Assyria and all other ancientcountries. We therefore have greatconfidence in the Hebrew chronology,which gives us a connectedhistory from the time of Adamdown to the year 536 B.C. wheresecular history begins to be reliable.26The +e~Yiod 'of 427 years from the Flood to thedate of God's Covenant with AbrahamLike the pcriod nlrcady considered, the next link in thcchronological chain, the 427 years, is based upon the ancientI-Iebrew Scriptures. It has been supposed that this periodshould be reduced 60 years because of the statement in Gen.11 : 26, that " Terah lived seventy years, and begat Abram,Nahor, and Haran." This would give a period of 145 yearsbetween the birth of Terah, and the covenant with Abraham ;for Abraham was 75 years of age, according to Gen. 12 : 4-7,when he entered Canaan and so secured the promise, and70 + 75=145.But those who contend for the shorter period overlook theclear statement of Stephen (Acts 7 : 2-5), that it was afterTerah, Abraham's father, was dead, that Abraham enterkdCanaan. According to Gen. 11 : 32, Terah died at 205 yearsof age. We must not, therefore, understand that the three sonsof Terah were all born in the same year, but that the begettalof these sons began when he was 70. Abraham although theyoungest was the most important of the three, and is thereforementioned first.The period of 430 years from the AbmhamicCovenant to the Exodus from Egy$t and the giving of ths LawTlle third definite period is expressly stated by the Apostlein Gal. 3 : 17 as 430 years. From this inspired statement weknow that the 430 years' sojourn of the children of Israel,mentioned by Moses in Exodus 12 : 40, 41, includes thesojourning of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob in the land of Canaan,which, although promised to them for an inheritance, was stillc ta strange land "--Acts 7 : 4, 5.As the Bible dates show a period of 215 years between theAbrahamic Covenant and Jacob's entrance into Egypt, it isevident that the children of Israel's actual residence in Egyptwas 215 years (215 + 215=430). Most authorities thinli that aperiod of 215 years is too short for the great multiplication ofthe Israelites during their residence in Egypt, forgetting that27

the Scriptures indicate that this increase was miraculous (SeeExod. I : 1-22 ; Psa. I05 : 23, 24, 37, 38). Rejecting theinspired testimony of the Apostle Paul in Gal. 3 : 17, the translatorsof the Revised Version changed the sense of Exod. 12 : 40,in order to increase the number of years in Egypt. They madethe passage to read : " The sojourning of the children of Israel,which they sojourned in Egypt, was 430 years."In thus altering the text the R.V. translators fell into a peculiarerror as is demonstrated by the accompanying diagram, whichshows the genealogy of Moses. Moses was 80 years old at theExodus (Exod. 7 : 7). His mother, Jochebed, was the daughterof Levi (Num. 26 : 59). Levi lived for 137 years (Exod. 6 : 16),but he cannot have spent more than the last 97 of them inEgypt for he was older than Joseph (Gen. 37 : 3), and Josephwas 39 when Jacob and his sons entered Egypt (Gen. 41 : 46-54,compare with Gen. 45 : 3-11). It follows from these factsthat if the period of the Israelites' residence in Egypt was 430years, Jochebed must have been 253 years old when Moseswas born ! Again, Moses' father, Amram, was the son ofKohath, and Icohath was one of those who entercd Egypt withJacob. Kohath lived 133 years, and Amram lived 137 years(Gen. 46 : 8, 11- ; Exod. 6 : 18, 20). If, now, we were to allowthat Kohath was a new born babe when he entered Egypt,28and that Amram was born the year his father died, there wouldstill remain a gap of 80 years between the death of Amraniand the birth of Moses !The statement made by Jehovah to Abraham (Gen. 15 : 13,IS), quoted by Stephen (Acts 7 : 6, 7) that Abraham's seedwould be afflicted 400 years, is often taken to mean that theaffliction in Egypt was to be 400 years. The Apostle Paul,however, points out that this foretold affliction began whenIshmael " mocked " or " ill-treated " Isaac at the time of thefeast when Isaac was weaned (Gal. 4 : 28-30 ; Gen. 21 : 5-12).As the Bible dates show that Isaac was born 405 years beforethe Exodus, he must have been five years of age when he wasweaned.That Isaac was not " weaned from the milk " till he hadreached the age of five years seems unaccountable to people ofWestern countries, but in Palestine this is the common practiceeven at the present day. The women of Palestine believe thatthe longer the child is suckled the stronger he will grow, andthe weaning never takes place under two years, but frequentlyin the case of a favourite man-child such as Isaac was, he isliept at the breasts for four or five years, and even longer.The " babes and suckling " of the Bible are old enough to sing,and are ready to be taught knowledge (Matt. 21 : 15, 16;Isa. 28 : g ; I Sam. I : 21-23).Jehovah's further intimation to Abraham that his seedwould come out of bondage in the fourth generation, and thatthe nation who had held thcm in' bondage would be judged(Gen. 15 : 14-16 ; Acts 7 : 7), was fulfilled when Moses deliveredthe Israelites after inflicting the ten plagues upon the Egyptians.The four generations began with Jacob when he enteredEgypt, Levi and Jochebed being the second and third, andMoses the fourth generation.The Samaritan and Septuagint versions of the Old Testamentrender Exod. 12 : 40 emphatically in support of the inspiredApostle's statement in Gal. 3 : 17,-" the dwelling of the sonsof Israel, and of their fathers, which they dwelt in the land ofCanaan, and in the land of Egypt, was four hundred and thirtyyears."

The period of 46 years from the Exodus to thedivision of the land among the twelve tribes of Is~aelThe fourth interval is made up from two periods of 40 and6 years. The 40 years from the Exodus until the nation crossedthe river ~ordan- to talre possession of the promised land, iscxact to a day (Exod. 12 : 42-51 ; Deut. zg : 5 ; Josh. 4 : 19 ;5 : 10; Num. 14: 34).The period following the forty - years-in the wilderness,during which the Israelites conquered seven nations and thendivided the land of Canaan among the tribes (Acts 13 : 17-19),is proved to be 6 years by the following texts :(I) Nurr~. 33 : 3.26 7 And they went and came3 And thev departed from to Moses, and to Aaron, and to allRameses in the first month, on the the congregation of the childrenfifteenth day of the first month : of Israel, unto the wilderness ofon the morrow after the passover Paran, to Kadesh ; and broughtthe children of Israel went out back word unto them, and untowith an high *hand in the sight of all the congregation, and showedall the Egyptians.them the fruit of the land.(2) Num. 5) : I .AND the LORD spake unto Mosesin the wilderness of Sinai, in thefirst month of the second yearafter they were come out of theland of Egypt, saying,(3) Num. 10 : 11, 12.11 7 And it came to pass onthe twentieth day of the secondmonth, in the second year, thatthe cloud was taken up from off thetabernacle of the testimony.12 And the children of Israeltook their journeys out of thewilderness of Sinai ; and the cloudrested in the wilderness of Paran.(4) Num. 13 : 1-3.AND the LORD spake unto Moses,saying.z Send thou men, that they maysearch the land of Canaan, whichI give unto the children of Israel :of everv tribe of their fathers shallYe send a man, everv one a ruler(6) Nujn. 32 : 8.8 Thus did your fathers, whcnI sent them from Kadesh-barncato see the land.(7) Jos~.I4 : 5-7.5 As the LORD con~n~andedMoses, so the children of Israel did,and they divided the land.6 8 Then the children of Judahcame unto Joshua in Gilgal : andCaleb the son of Jephunneh theKenezite said unto him, Thouknowest the thing that the LORDsaid unto Moses the man of Godconcerning me and thee in IZadeshbarnea.7 Forty years old was I whenMoses the servant ol the LORDsent me from Kadesh-barnca toespy out the land : and 1 brought .him word again as it was in mineheart.among thein. (8) Joslz. 14 : 10.3 Alld Moses by the command- 10 And now, behold, the T,ORDmalt of the LORD sent then1 fro111 bath kept llle alive, as he said,the wilderness of Paran : all those these forty an

period of Bible Chronology upon the synchronisms found inthe Book of Kings, have caused much unnecessary confusion ;for it is well known that these synchronisms cannot be reconciledwith the reigns of the kings of Judah and Israel, nor evenwith themselves.A synchronism is a statement to the effect that " A," kingof Judah, began to reign in a certain year of the reign of " B,"king of Israel ; or vice versa-See 2 Kings 15 : 32 for anexample.As an example of the disagreement in synchronistic statements,we read in 2 Kings 15 : 30 that Hoshea slew Pekah inthe 20th year of Jotham, and reigned in his stead. This statementis quite manifestly an interpolation, because Jotham didnot reign more than 16 years (2 Chron. 27 : I) ; nor did Hosheareign instead of Pekah even in thc 20th year after the accessionof Jotharn (which would be the 4th year of Ahaz) as is suggestedby Ussher according to the marginal note in many Bibles, forin 2 Kings 17: I it states that Hoshea began to reign in the12th year of Ahaz.The synchronism of 27 years mentioned in 2 Kings 15 : Icannot possibly be true ; and many other syr chronisms areerroneous.In 2 Kings 8 : 16, the words : " Jehoshaph ~t being thenking of Judah " are omitted in a number of Hebrew manuscriptsand in many versions (See note in the Variorum Bible?.If the synchronistic statements in 2 Kings 8 : 16 and 3 : Iwere true (thus making Jehoram of Judah reign only 4 yearsalone, and therefore shortening the chronological chain by 4years), then other synchronisms as I Kings 16 : 29 ; and 22 : 41,etc., are not true. This shows that many of the synchronismsin the Book of Kings are conflicting, and strengthen the belicfthat they are interpolated. Contrast diagrams Nos. I and 2on page 32.It is now generally agreed that these synchronisms wereadded to the Book of Kings by a later hand, and are not to beconsidered as original independent chronological data. Thefact that the writer of Chronicles (which is held to be the lastwritten of the books of the Old Testament) ignored the lengthsof ihc reigns of the kings of Israel (the ten tribes which broke34away from Judah into idolatry after the death of Solomon),and confines himself entirely to the line of the kings of Judah,should give us confidence that fhe Lord intends us to continuethe chronological chain through the kings of Judah (SeeI Chron 3 : 9-16).The Period of 70 Years DesoEation of JerusaEemavtd of the Lad of JudeaFrom the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple at thedethronement of Zcdekiah, till the first year of Cyrus, is easilyfound to be 70 years by comparing the clear .statements ofthe following Scriptures :(I) The prophecy of Moses:Lev. 26 : 33-35.33 And I will scatter you amongthe heathen, and will draw out asword after you : and your landshall be desolate, and your citieswaste.34 Then shall the land enjoyher sabbaths, as long as it liethdesolate, and ye be in yourenemies' land ; even then shall theland rest, and enjoy her sabbaths.35 As long as it lieth desolateit shall rest ; because it did notrest in your sabbaths, when yedwelt upon it.(2) The prophecies of Jeremiah :Jer. 25 : 11, 12 ; 29 : 10.I I And this whole land shall bea desolation, and an astonishment ;and these nations shall serve theking of Babylon seventy years.12 7 And it shall come to pass,when seventy years are accomplished,that I mll punish the kingof Babylon, and that nation, saiththe LORD, for their iniquity, andthe land of the Chaldeans, andwill make it perpetual desolations.10 7 For thus saith the LORD,That after seventy years beaccomplished at Babylon I willvisit you, and perform my goodword toward you, in causing youto return to this place.(3) Daniel's understanding of theprophecies of Moses andJeremiah :Dan. 9 : 2.2 In the first year of his reign, IDaniel understood by books thenumber of the years, whereof theword of the LORD came to Jeremiahthe prophet, that he wouldaccomplish seventy years in tiledesolations of Jerusalem.(4) Historical notice by the writerof Chronicles, of the fulfclmentof the prophecies ofMoses and .Teremiah:2 Chron. 36 : 19, 20.19 And they burnt the house ofGod, and brake down the wall ofJerusalem, and burnt all thepalaces thereof with fire, anddestroyed all the goodly vesselsthereof.20 And them that had escapedfrom the sword carried he awayto Babylon ; where they wereservants to him and hi sons untilthe reign of the kingdom of Persia :21 To fulfil the word of theLORD by the mouth of Jeremiah,until the land had enjoyed hersabbaths : for as long as she lavdesolate she kept sabbath, tbfulfil threescore and ten years.

It is evident from a consideration of the above texts thatthe 70 years of desolation, spoke11 of by Jcrerniah, was infulfilment of the prophecy of Moses, that the land might enjoyits sabbaths of rest, because when the people were in the landthey would not let it rest.When Zedekiah was taken captive to Babylon in the 4thmonth of his 11th year (Jer. 39 : 2), it appears that some ofthe poorest of the people were lcft in the land (Jer. 39 :. IO),over whom Nebuchadnezzar set Gedaliah as governor (2 Kings25 : 22). And when the Jews who had escaped to other landsheard that Gedaliah was made governor over this remnant,they returned and joined him (Jer. 40 : 11, 12). But we readthat in the 7th month Gedaliah and many others were slain(Jer. 40 : 15, 16 ; 41 : I-) ; and although the Lord promisedto protect the very few who yet remained if they would obeyhim (Jer. 42 : 10-rz), they were now so afraid of the Chaldeansthat they would not settle in the land, but fled into Egypt(Jer. 43 : 1-7).This abject fear of the small number who were left afterGedaliah's death, was foretold by Moses, who said that theywould flee out of the land and perish among their enemies(Lev. 26: 36-39), and that then the land would enjoy hersabbaths while she lay desolate without them (Lev. 26 : 33,34, 43), to fulfil, or accomplish, 70 years. Thus, towards theend of the 11th year of Zedekiah the land of Judea was desolate(Jer. 41 : 2, 6, 7, 22 ; 2 Kings 25 : 25, 26).Although the teaching of the Scriptures regarding thisperiod of 70 ycars desolation is very clear, it has been strangelyobscured by Ussher and other chronologers. They haveimagined that the 70 years began in the 3rd or 4th year of thereign of Jehoiakim, 19 or 18 years before Zedekiah's dethronement.This, of course, wo~~ld shorten the chronological chainprevious to A.D. I, and thus make the six millenniums from thecreation of Adam end 19 or 18 years after 1872 A.D. Theyrecognised that the land was not " desolate without aninhabitant " during the remaining 7 or 8 years of Jehoiakimand the 11 years of Zedekiah, and they therefore termed the70 years as a period of captivity. But the Scri$tures are ernfihatic36! IIthat no captivity began in the 3rd or4th year of Jehoiakim, nor, indeed,till after the death of that king.It was after Jehoiachin (the sonof Jehoiakim) ; also named Jeconiahand Coniah-(See 2 Kings 24 : 8,margin) had reigned three months,that the beginning of the captivityof Judah took place (2 Kings 24 :6-18). The prophet Ezekiel (whowas among those carried to Babylonwith Jehoiachin), always reckonedthe captivity as dating from the timewhen Jehoiachin, Jehoiakim's son,was taken captive, 11 years beforethe final captivity and desolating ofJerusalem and the land (Ezek. I : 2;33 : 21 ; 40 : I.-See Diagram onthis page).Jeremiah, also, did not recogniseany captivity of Judah previous tothat of Jehoiachin (See Jer. 27 :16-22 ; and note that this utteranceof Jeremiah was during the 4th yearof Zedekiah ; for the Variorum Bible/ points out that in verse I of this; 27th chapter Zedekiah is the king3 1 meant, as is shown by comparingverses 3 and 12, and verse I ofthe next chapter-the 28th. TheSeptuagint omits 27 : I entirely).It was in the 4th year of Jehoiakim,which was also the 1st year ofNebuchadnezzar (Jer. 25 : I), thatJeremiah promised the Jews that ifthey would turn from evil the Lordwould do them no hurt; otherwisethe king of Babylon would comeagainst them (Jer. 25 : 1-12 ; 36 : 1-3).37

The fear of an invasion had the effect of causing the peopleto proclaim a fast, and endeavour to influence Jehoiakim torepent (Jer. 36 : 4-10, 16). This fast was held in the 9th monthof the 5th year, so that the Lord did them " no hurt " previousto the 6th year of Jehoiakim (Jer. 36 : 9). The Septuagintreads the 9th month of the 8th year, which is probablycorrect .-See footnote.But Jehoiakim cut up and burnt the " roll of the book "which Jeremiah had written against him, and Jeremiah requiredto write another roll, in which he repeated his prophecy that" the king of Babylon shall certainly come and destroy thisland [make it desolate], and shall cause to cease from thenceman and beast " (Jer. 36 : 22-32). Because of this act ofcontempt in cutting up the roll, the Lord brought Nebuchadnezzaragainst Jerusalem, and Jehoiakim was bound in chainsto be carried to Babylon (2 Chron. 36 : 2-7).Nebuchadnezzar, however, did not pursue his originalintention to take Jehoiakim captive, but made him pay tributeinstead, and carried off some of the vessels of the temple, beingcontent with this alone. At the end of three years' subjectionJehoiakim rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar (2 Kings 24 : I),with the result that the Lord harried him by sending againsthim bands from the surrounding countries, the people of whichwere now under the power of Babylon, until Nebuchadnezzarwas free to come in person to besiege Jerusalem (2 Kings 24 :1-41 7).Jehoiakim was not taken captive to Babylon ; but afterreigning eleven years he died, being probably assassinated byhis infuriated subjects when they saw Nebuchadnezzar comingto lay siege against the city ; and it seems that he was notaccorded an honourable burial, but that his dead body was castforth out of Jerusalem* (Jer. 22,: 18, 19; 36: 30). It wastherefore upon the head of Jehoiachin (Coniah) that the collective* Although the Scriptures do not say whcn Jehoiakim began to paytribute, they by the foregoing texts indicate indirectly that it was in his8th year. The great Jewish historian Josephus corroborates this, sayingdistinctly that it was in Jehoiakim's 8th year that he became tributaryto Babylon, rebelling three years later, i.e., in his 11th and last year(See Ant. X, 6 : 1-3).38sin of his fathers was visited (Jer. 22 : 24, 25 ; 36 : 30, 31).We read that it was at tkt time (11 years before Zedekiah'sdethronement) that Nebuchadnezzar and his servants came andbesieged Jerusalem (2 Kings 24 : 8-11) ; and Jehoiachin (son ofJehoiakim) evidently thought it hopeless to resist, and surrenderedhimself with all his princes and all the chief of the landinto the hands of the king of Babylon (2 Kings 24 : 10-17).This, thefirst deportation of captives to Babylon, took placein the 8th year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar (2 Kings 24 : 12 ;Jer. 24 : 1-10) ; and the second and final deportation was atthe dethronement of Zedekiah eleven years later, in the 19thyear uf Nebucl~adnezzar (2 Kings 24 : 18, 19 ; 25 : 1-11).Although a few cities in Judea still remained unsubdued afterthe first captivity, which were desolated at the final invasionby Babylon (Jer. 34 : 1-22), this final captivity is spoken of asbeing more a captivity of Jerusalem (Jer. I : 3 ; 32 : I-5),from which time, therefore, the 70 years desolation of Jerusalembegan (Dan. g : 2).Verses 28-30 of Jer. 52 show that the writer understoodthat thefirst captivity of Judah was after the death of Jehoiakim,11 years before the final destruction of Jerusalem. He in thisplace pre-dates the years of thk captivities, calling the 8th yearof Nebuchadnezzar, when Jehoiachin was carried to Babylon,the 7th (Compare 2 Kings 24 : IZ), and the 19th year the 18th(Compare Jer. 52 : 12). Thelcaptivity mentioned in the 30thverse of this 52nd chapter of Jeremiah is that of the Jews whofled to Egypt, after Zedekiah was dethroned and the desolationof the land had begun (See Jer. 43 : 5-11 ; 44 : 1-14). Josephus,in Ant. X, g : 7, says that this last act of vengeance againstthe rebellious Jews took place " on the 5th year after thedestruction of Jerusalem, which was the 23rd of the reign ofNebuchadnezzar." This agrees with Jer. 52, : 30.The 70 years spoken of by Jeremiah is shown in Jer. 29 : I-14*to have begun to count from the time when the remnant (orresidue-same word in the Hebrew) in Jerusalem were takencaptive by Nebuzar-adan, the captain of Nebuchadnezzar. It* In Jcr. 29, verses 16 20 are omitted in the Septuagint, and areregartled by some authorities as not being in the original manuscripts-See the X'ariorum Bible.39

was in the 4th montR of his 11th year that Zedekiah was taken !captive (2 Kings 25 : 2-7 : Jer. 39 : 2-7), while in the 5th monthNebuzar-adan carried away the remnant to Babylon (2 Kings25 : 8-11 ; Jer. 39 : 8, 9). It was this remaant or residue, aswell as to all those who, 11 years before, had gone into captivitywith Jehoiachin or Coniah (Compare verses I and 8 of Jer. 24),that Jeremiah sent the letter, telling them to settle down inBabylon, for the Lord would not visit them till 70 years wereaccomplished (See Jer. 29 : I, 2). The messengers bearingJeremiah's letter to the captives in Babylon had been employedby him in a similar capacity 7 years before, Elasah andGemariah evidently having formed part of the embassy whichhad gone to Babylon on behalf of Zedekiah in his 4th year(Compare Jer. 29 : 3, with 51 : 59, margin).We believe that the foregoing Scriptural data definitelyfixes the commencement of the 70 years period from the 7thmonth, in the 11th year, of the reign of Zedekiah, Judah'slast king. In Vol. I1 of Great Pyramid Passages we examinestill further into this important period of the Biblical chronology.The Great Pyramid's time-features agree entirely with thisinterpretation of the 70 years period.Tlze Period of 536 Years from the End of tlze70 Years Desolation, to I A.D.After the end of the 70 years till the close of the canon ofthe Old Testament, the Scriptures, when marking events ofhistorical importance, indicate in what year of the reigningGentile king such events transpired ; but as the Scriptures donot record the lengths of the reigns of those Gentile kings inthat consecutive order in which they record the reigns of thekings of Judah, we must here rely upon the pages of secularhistory.As we should expect, seeing that God has here left us to ourown resources, it is at this period of the world's history thatchronology rests upon the surest foundations, both because wehave at command several distinct eras which can be compared,and also because we have the writings of many contemporaryauthors of different nations. Secular history from the end of40the 70 years desolation of Jerusalem down to our day is, therefore,in marked contrast with regard to the reliability of itschronology to that of history previous to the 1st year of Cyrus ;for in the earlier period secular chronology is more or less builtupon speculations, and there is no unanimity of opinion.Were it not that God has specially provided, by means ofhis inspired writers, the necessary data to enable us to connectthe reliable period of secular history with the chronologicalchain of the Bible, we would be absolutely unable to locate ourposition on the stream of time. For this reason, if for noother, the reverent student of the Word of God will do well tokeep close to the Bible chronology, placing his reliance uponthe records of secular history only where they are not atvariance with those that are inspired, and where, as in thisinstance of the 1st year of Cyrus, he is directly referred thereto.We may rest assured that wherever our heavenly Father refersus to secular history, he has so overruled matters as always toprovide that the historical evidences necessary to enable us tofix our dates, have been preserved by trustworthy writers.In 2 Chron. 36: 19-23, and Ezra I : 1-11 we read that itwas in the first year of Cyrus, king of Persia, that the people ofIsrael were permitted to return to Jerusalem. The overthrowof the Babylonian kingdom by the Medes and Persians (Elam)had been foretold by Isaiah more than 180 years previously(Isa. 13 : I, 17-19 ; 21 : 2, g), as well as by Jeremiah (Jer.51 : 11). Belshazzar was the last of the Chaldean kings, andwhen he was slain at the time of the capture of the city ofBabylon, by Cyrus, " Darius the Mede took the kingdom "(Dan. 5 : 25-31). Darius the Mede has been identified in secularhistory as Cyaxares 11, who was the uncle of Cyrus.Sometimes the reign of Cyrus the Persian is dated from hiscapture of Babylon in 538 B.c., but he was then merely actingunder the authority of Darius as general of the army. Thus,the Medish monarch, in connection with a Perisan, brought thekingdom of Babylon to an end according to the prophecies.So long as a Mede sat on the throne the Persians were second inimportance, but on the accession of Cyrus, the Persians becamepredominant. This transference of the sovereign power fromthe Medes to the Persians was illustrated in Daniel's vision of41

the ram with the two horns (symbolical of two powers) one ofwhich was higher than the other, and the higher (the Persian)came up last (See Dan. 8 : 3, 20).The date when Cyrus became king is universally agreed tobe 536 B.C. Immediately on gaining authority, Cyrus, infulfilment of the prophecies concerning him (Isa. 44 : 28 ;45 : I, 13), issued an edict which allowed the captive Jews toreturn to Jerusalem, and thus end its long seventy-year periodof Desolation..Tlze Period of 1872 YearsWhen we add 1872 years to the sum of the precedingperiods, this completes six millenniums from the date of thecreation of Adam. But the Scriptures indicate that Adam'sfall and condemnation took place two years after his creation,so that, dating from the Fall, 6000 years ended in 1874 A.D.The proofs of this statcmcnt are fully considered in Vol. I1 ofGreat Pyramid Passages.The foregoing chronological scheme, which we denominateBible Chronology because it is based upon the Scriptures alone(See list of Bible dates, Sec. 11) is corroborated conclusively bythe accurate scientific time-measurements in the Great Pyramidof Gizeh in Egypt.PSECTION IVROFESSOR C. PIAZZI SMYTH has proved conclusivelyfrom several lines of argument, that the Pyramid'sunit of linear measure is exceedingly close to theBritish inch-unit, being only onethousandth part of an inchlonger. He has appropriately denominated this Pyramid unitthe Pyramid inch, 25 of which make a Pyralnid cubit.A large number of the Pyramid's scientific features showthat in the " time-measurements " a Pyramid inch represents ayear (See the companion book entitled : The Great Pyramid : ItsScientific Features). Consequently all British measures must beconverted into the corresponding number of Pyramid inchunits,in order to harmonise with the Scriptural periods of years.. This conve.-sion of British, into Pyramid, inches, is very simplyaccomplished ; for whatever be the total of British inches, ifa deduction be made at the uniform rate of I for every 1000,the remainder is Pyramid inches. Thus 1000 British inchesequal ggg Pyramid inches. To convert a Pyramid-inchmeasure into the corresponding value in British inches, dividethe total of Pyramid inches by eggg.Just as each day of the Bible sylnbolical year of 360 days,when used prophetically, represents a true solar year of 365.242days, so we find in the Great Pyramid that each Pyramid inch,when used as a measure of time, represents either a solar day,or a solar year of 365.242 days. That the Architect of the GreatPyramid intended each Pyramid inch in the time-measurementsto represent a true solar year, is proved by the fact that thescientific proportions of the building which he caused te beerected, demonstrate his knowledge of the exact length of th:.true solar year. The monumentalization of the day-value of theSolar Tropical, and Lunar, years is represented so often in the

dimensions of the Great Pyramid, that no thinking man willquestion its Divine authorship.The Duration of the Solar l'ropical YearThe mean number of days in the Solar Tropical year is notyet known to science with absolute certainty. We believe thatthe estimate of the celebrated French astronomer, the wellknownU. J. J. Leverrier, who discovered by pure mathematicalcalculations the great planet Neptune, to be nearer to the truththan most estimates. Not, however, that there is much of adivergency in the estimates ; for during the past 70 years theresults of the calculations of astronomers have not differed bymore than a small fraction of one second in the whole year.Leverrier's estimate of the mean number of days in thesolar tropical year is : 365.242,199,594,907,4 + . By an exactequation directly connected with the Great Pyramid, the dayvalueof the year is shown to be : 365-242,198,667,7319 - ;and this is the value we adopt in all the calculations of the GreatPyramid. The slight difference in the day-value as estimatedby Leverrier, and as shown by the Pyramid's equation (littleover -08 of one second in the entire year), wouid not total tomore than about 35 minutes during the whole cycle of theprecession of the equinoxes, that is, during the immense periodof 25,694 to 25,695 Solar Tropical years. Finite man cannothope for greater exactitude than this.The Beginning of the YearIn the list of Bible dates (Sec. 11), the years are reckonedto begin according to the present mode of calculating, namely,1st January. This, however, is merely for convenience, for thereare abundant evidences that, with early nations in the northernhemisphere, the universal rule was to begin the year in theAutumn quarter of a year earlier than at present. There areevidences which show that previous to the date of the exodusof the Israelites from Egypt, the Bible follows the then prevailingcustom, and reckons the year to commence in Autumn. The dateof the creation of Adam, given in the chronological list as444128 B.c., really commenced in Autumn quarter of a yearearlier, that is, 1128t years before 1st Jan. A.D. I. When weread in Gen. 7 : 11 that the flood began in the 2nd month ofNoah's 600th year, we are to understand that this year began inAutumn.At the Exodus from Egypt, when the Israelites wereseparated to God at the passover in the 14th day of the monthof Abib, the Lord said through Moses : " This month shall beunto you the beginning of months : it shall be the jrst monthof the year to you " (Exocl. 12 : 2 ; Deut. 16 : I). In this waythe Lord made a distinction between the year of his own people,and the year of the Gentiles.The Israelitish year was lunar only in so far that its exactbeginning was regulated by the first visible appearance of thenew moon immediately preceding the harvest in the Spring.If within 15 days from the first appearance of the new moonat the close of the twelfth month, it was judged that the cropswould be sufficiently ripe to enable the priest to offer a sheafas the first fruits unto the Lord according to the law (Lev.23 : 5-11 ; 2 Sam. 21 : g), this was proclaimed the first day ofthe first month (hence the name of the first month, Abib, i.e.," green ears "). By this simple arrangement the Israelitishyear was automatically corrected (Lev. 23 : 5-16 ; Deut. 16 : g),so that its average length was really solar, i.e., the same lengthexactly as we now observe it, although for convenience thepeople of Israel reckoned 12 months of 30 days each.The Duration of the Sygzodic Mo~zthThe mean number of days in the Lunar, or Synodic, monthas estimated by the famous astronomer, Sir J. Norman Lockyer,is : 29.530,588,715. This value is in exact agreement withanother equation, directly connected with the Great Pyramid,to every place of decimals given by Sir J. N. Lockyer ; and wepoint out that the final digit 5, in the ninth decimal place, isequal to less than 1/2oooth part of one second in the month.By the Great Pyramid equation the days in the Synodic Monthare : 29-530,588,715,008,5 - . The two equations mentionedabove will be explained in Great Pyramid Passages, Vol. 111.45

The Pyramid's Methods of Recording Periods of TimeWhile the main Dispensational periods of the Bible arecorroborated by corresponding inch-year measurements alongthe JEoor-lines of the passages, we find that chronologicalperiods in general are indicated in the Great Pyramid in anumber of ways, all of which are in accord with the building'sown peculiar scientific design, and in keeping with therecognised symbolisms of its various parts.Thus, certain time-periods are indicated in the passages byroof-line, and axial, measurements ; and others are indicatedby direct measurements from one point to another through thesolid masonry and rock. The recognition of this latter methodof recording time-features, revealed the fact that the Pyramidcorroborates a great many important prophetic periods of theScriptures ; and in no other way could these particular periodsbe represented.l~.-l_- 2. 1 3. 1 4. 1- .- -- - -VARIOUS METHODS USED IN THE GREAT PYRAMIDFOR MEASURING BETWEEN ANY TWO POINTS ASA.~ 6.This method is based upon the principle that, while themost direct measurement between two points (as A and B inthe diagram), one of which is helow and to one side of theother, is a straight line from one to the other (figure I in diagram),yet, straight-lined measurements between these two points maybe symmetrically taken in three other ways (as figures 2, 3, 4,in diagram), thus increasing the possible number of corroborativetime-features in the Pyramid. By means of areas, also,scientific features, .and the time-measurements which theyconfirm, are found to be extensively embodied in the building'sdimensions.46FSECTION VTHE MEASUREMENTS AND ANGLESGREAT PYRAMIDOF TIIEOLLOWING the labours of Professor John Greaves in1637, and of Colonel Howard Vyse two hun lred yearslater in 1837, the celebrated astronomer, Irofessor C.Fjazzi Smyth, was the first to employ, in a comprehensivemanner, approved scientific methods of measuring in the GreatPyramid of Gizeh ; and in his well known Life and Work at theGreat Pyramid the resnlts of his investigations in 1865 arepresented with minute detail. For about a scc re of years thiswas the accepted standard book on the subject of the GreatPyramid ; but it was not exhaustive, for Professor Smyth hadnot examined a number of the important lower parts of thebuilding's interior, as these places were much obstructed at thetime through the accumulation of debris.Later, in 1881, the eminent Egyptolog;ct, Professor (nowSir) W. M. Flinders Petrie, also worked long and arduously atthe Great Pyramid, and recorded his observations and figuresin his valuable publication The Pyramids and Temfles of Gizeh.He re-measured with much precision those portions already goneover by Professor Smyth, and visited and measured the partspreviously omitted. For a number of years, therefore, studentsof the Great Pyramid have known of the various dimensionsof the monument to within, at least, a probable small marginof error.For when we consider the difficulties which measurers haveto contend with in the very confined, dark, slippery, and nowsomewhat dilapidated passage-ways of the Pyramid, we canrecognise that though these workers may conduct theirmeasuring-operations with every care, their conclusions mustdiffer to some extent. As Professor C. Piazzi Smyth very47

properly says, " n6 two human measures ever agree exactly;all that finite man can hope for is to come within moderatelyclose limits."The results of our own measuring-operations, carried on inthe years 1909 and 1912, as explained in Vol. I of Great PyramidPassages, closely agree with the figures of Professors Smyth andPetrie. We are confident, therefore, that the measurementsused in this and our other books are as near to the tnith as wecan hope for. Our confidence is strengthened by the discovery,first apprehended by Mr. John Taylor in 1859 in his work TheGreat P.yra~nid : Wh.y was it built ? And who built it ? extendedby Professor C. Piazzi Smyth and his co-labourers, and greatlydeveloped within the past five years, namely, that the GreatPyramid proves its own dimensions by its wonderful, anclcomplete, system of geometrical and mathematical proportions.For it is now clearly to be seen that the dimensions of eachpassage and chamber are directly related by such proportionsto those of every other part of the builaing, both exterior andinterior-See the companion book entitled : The Great P.ymmid:Its ScientiJic Features.Vakce of the .rr RatioIn the scientific, proportionate dimensions of the GreatPyramid, the mathematical ratio T, or the ratio which existsbetween the circumference of a circle and its diameter, entersvery frequently as one of the factors. Because of this it ispossible to ascertain, theoretically, the inch-value of thesedimensions to infinitesimal fractions of an inch.The ratio T has been verified to many places of decimals(at least 600 places). We give the value here to 15 places ofdecimals : 7i = 3.141,592,653,589,793 + .The Casiqtg-stone AngleThe angle of rise of the exterior sides of the Great Pyramidwas pronounced by Professor Flinders Petrie, after carefulangle-measuring of the large well-preserved casing-stones at thenorth base of the building, to be 51" 52' plus or minus 2'.D' 49

Professor C. Piazzi Smyth, followiilg the theory first propoundedby John Taylor, claimed that the exact angle is 51" 51' 14" -3,which angle is contained within the findings of Professor Petrie,and was substantially supported by Profcssor Smyth's ownpainstaking measuring.This angle 51" 51' 14" .3 is called the 7i (Pi) angle, giving tothe vertical height of the Pyramid the same ratio to its squarebase, as the radius of a circle bears to its circumference.conjunction with the building's socket-level base-length, thiscn angle has endowed the Great Pyramid with many wonderfulscientific truths, and has also enabled a number of importanttime-measurements (corroborative of the Scriptural chronology)to be indicated with exactness.None of the other thirty or more measured pyramidsthroughout Egypt have been erected at this T angle. Commentingupon this fact, Professor Smyth writes : " If, therefore,the T quantity with its resulting shape is really found builtinto the Great Pyramid with exactness, . . . it not onlydiscriminates that building at once from all other pyramids ofEgypt, whatever their absolute size may be ; but proves thatsuch a distinguishing feature for the wise of latter days mustZiavc been thc rcsult eithcr of some most marvellous accident,or of some deep wisdom and settled determined purpose."Wc havc coilfidence that the reader will agree with us, afterperusing this small book, that there is no feature in the GreatI'yramid the result of accident.InGallery 26" 17' 37" ; and these angles are practically confirmedby Professor Petrie's observations.Professor Smyth points out that the Grand Gallery, the angleof which is only half a minute from that required by theory, isthe best construcled of all the passage-ways, and in it the buildersappear to have more closely attained to the intention of theArchitect. Referring to the observed angles of the Descendingand First Ascending Passages, Professor Smyth draws attentionto the fact that " one of them is more, and the other less, thanthe theoretical quantity ; their mean, or 26" 16' 30", beingwithin 2' distance therefrom ; and looking like a case of probableerror of construction on the part of honest workmen, whoknew the right theoretical angle, and wished to hit, but hadpractical difficulty in hitting, it exactly " (Life and Work,Vol. 111, page 37).The Passage AngleThe angle of inclination of the Descending and AscendingPassages, as scientifically deduced by Professor Smyth from theexact geometrical proportions of the building, as well as fromhis careful personal angular observations in the several passages,is 26" 18' gw.7. (The seconds are usually given in Pyramidworks as a round figure, IO".) This, the theoretical correctangle, is approximated more nearly by the Grand Gallery thanby the other passages. .The mean angle of the DescendingPassage as actually observed by Professor Smyth, is 26" 26' 49",of the First Ascending Passage 26" 6' 5", and of the Grand50

SECTION VITHE symbolisms of the Pyramid are dealt with in detailin the companion book entitled : The Great Pyrantid :Its Spiritual Synzbolis~n. It will be necessary, therefore,to restate them here only in brief ; and we suggest acomparison of the diagrams on pages 52 and 55.~escendini Passage =The downward course of the " PresentEvil World " to destruction.Subterranean Chamber, or Pit=Destruction or Gehenna, thatstate of death from which there will be no awakening.First Ascending Passage=The Israelitish Age ; or the LawDispensation during which the nation of Israel endeavouredto gain life by the works of the Law.Well-Shaft =The Ransom-sacrifice of Jesus Christ ; or Hades,that state of death from which an awakening is assuredbecause of the Ransom-sacrifice of Je~us Christ.Grand Gallery =The Gospel Age, the Grace Dispensation duringwhich the High-Calling to membership in the Body ofChrist is offered to the faithful ; and the Age when thcSpirit-begotten New Creatures in Christ make their callingand election sure.Anlo-Chantber = Thc " Holy " of the Tabernacle ; the " Schoolof Christ " ; the Spirit-begotten condition of those whohave presented their bodies a living sacrifice to God.King's Chamber-The " Most Holy " of the Tabernacle ; the" Sanctuary " ; the Divine Spirit nature ; the Divine reignof Christ.Queen's Chamber =The condition of Human Perfection possessedby Adam before his fall ; and which the " Man ChristJesus " laid down as a Ransom-sacrifice on behalf of theworld ; and the corldition of the world of mankind after53

the Millennia1 reign of Christ has completed the restitutionwork.Horizolztd Passage leading to the Queen's Chamber=Thccomplete period of the world's history from the time ofAdam, to the end of the Millennia1 reign of Christ ; alsothe New (Law) Covenant which will be made operativewith the restored nation of Israel and the world after thecompletion of the Body of Christ.Granite in the Great Pyramid =The Spirit Nature ; the DivineLaw ; the Divine Will of God.Granite Plug =The Divine Law of God, which blocks the way tolife even as the Granite Plug blocks the way up the FirstAscending Passage.Granite Leaf in the Ante-Chamber =The Divine Will of God,under which all who enter the " School of Christ " mustbow submissively.Plarce of Spirit Nature (Compare with the Chart of the Ages onpage 52) is represented in the Great Pyramid by the levelof the floor of the King's Chamber.Plane of Human Perfection is represented by the level of thefloor of the Queen's Chamber, which is also the level of thesummit of the Well-shaft.Plane of Humarc Depravity or Condemnation is represented bythe level of the Subterranean Chamber or Pit.

JANUARY /:= A.0 /I . A5 FIXED BY EARL Y CHU9CH1 536 YEARS FROMGRUC/FlX/.ON OF JESUS CHRISTSPRING 33 A.D./N THE M/DS T OF THE (70 T#) WEEKBAPT/SM OF JESUS WHEN 1HE BECAME THE MESS/AH i END OF JEW/SHIJESUS BORN *AUTUMN f29 A.D. f AUTUMN?‘^^ A.D.AND BEGAN HI5 M/N/STRY 1 70 WEEHS OF FAVOUR 'I 'vJOHN THE BAPT/S/STBOFN /N 5PR/NC5 MONTHS BE'FOREJESUS.LUKE 1- 26 -36I I I I8.,I: I/5 COMPLETE YEARS OF THE : I -+I'F- REIGN OF T/BER/U5 CRMR --?#' ' NEWAH RECE/VEDI,MM~ssloN I/ FROM I9 VAUG: /4 AD TO /ST-XAUG 29 A.D ] mE WAL OF'i' I PREV/OUS TO TH/5 YEAR.AT THE DEATH OF AUCU5TU5 C;SAR JOHN THE SAPT/S 7 BECAN H/5 e,, AUTu,MN 455 B, C.T/BER/US CESAR BEGAN TO RE/CN M/N/5 TRY DUR/NC THE /Sc* YEAR iIVEH. P: 5-B, 17. 20./97 AUGUST /4 A D OF THE Ri/CN OF T/EEr?/U5 CKSAR iSPRING 29 A.D.DIAGRAM SHOWING THE DATES OF THE FIRST ADVENT OF JESUS CHRISTBE2C,z't; 'R-FxW. .HwlV-.dI=R3 ?a=t2072art-TCD330rtE

eing anointed with the Holy Spirit and with power, he beganhis ministry (Acts 10 : 36-38).Luke states (3 : 1-3) that it was in the 15th year of the reignof Tiberius Caesar that John the Baptist started his ministry.Tiberius began to reign at the death of Augustus on the 19th ofAugust in the year 14 A.D., and his 15th year, therefore,extended from 19th August 28 A.D., till 19th August zg A.D.(See the diagram on page 56).Certain writers have taken as the starting point for Luke'sreckoning the year 12 A.D. in which, they say, Tiberius was madeco-regent with Augustus. There is no proof, however, that sucha method of reckoning was ever used. None of the ancientecclesiastical writers ever imagined that to be the meaning ofthe evangelist. Nowhere in histories, monuments, or coins ofunquestioned authority, is there a trace of any other reckoningof the years of Tiberius Caesar, than from the death of Augustuson the 19th of August, 14 A.D.By comparing verses 13, 24-31, and 36, of the 1st chapter ofLuke, it will be seen that Jesus was about 5 months youngerthan his cousin John the Baptist. According to the requirementof the Law Jesus could not begin his ministry until he was30 years of age (Num. 4 : 3 ; Luke 3 : 23). As this requirementmust have been equally binding upon John, it means thatJohn began his ministry at 30 years of age 5 months before Jesus.The Beginning of Jesus Christ's MinistryIt cannot be supposed that Luke would have been so carefulto fix the exact date of the commencement of John's ministry,had he not understood that he was at the same time furing thedate of the most important event in the history of the world,namely, the Advent of the Messiah. Just as in the 1st chapterhe connects the birth of Jesus with that of John, so in the 3rdchapter he connects the beginnings of their ministry. A moreliteral rendering of Luke 3 : 23, which supports this view, isgiven in Wilson's Emphatic Diaglott.After informing us (in the first three verses) when Johnbegan his ministry, Luke now desires to draw attention to thecommencement of Jesus' own ministry, and (in verse 23) says :58" Also Jesus himself [like John] was about thirty years old[when he] began [his ministry]." The literal word for wordrendering requires the insertion of the words in the brackets,in order to bring out the sense of the verse. The Greek wordhai may be equally well translated " and " or " also."The Birth ofJesusNow, as we have seen, John's ministry, beginning in the15th year of Tiberius, must have dated from some time withinthe year commencing 19th August 28 A.D., and Jesus' ministry,therefore, 5 months later, must have dated from some timewithin the year commencing 19th January zg A.D. It can bemore particularly shown, however, that it was in the middle ofthe Israelitish year, i.e., in Autumn 29 A.D., that Jesus wasbaptised and his ministry began. Luke I : 5 states that John'sfather, Zacharias, was a priest of the course of Abia. Onreferring to I Chron. 24 : 5-19 we find that the priests weredivided into 24 courses, Abia being the 8th in order. Duringthe twelve months of the year, which according to the commandmentof God began in Spring (Deut. 16 : I ; Exod. 12 : z),each course in its order would require to serve in the templefor two weeks. (For a similar arrangement see I Kings 4 : 7 ;also I Chron. 27 : 1-15). This would make Zacharias' term ofoffice expire at the close of the 4th month.Luke I : 8-13 states that it was while Zacharias was" executing the priest's office in the order of his course," thatan angel appeared and informed him that his wife would havea son whom he was to name John ; and verses 23 and 24 goon to say : " And it came to pass that as soon as the days ofhis ministration were accomplished, he departed to his ownhome. And after those days his wife Elizabeth conceived andhid herself five months."The succeeding verses show that atthis time, at the commencement of the 6th month (i.e., at thecommencement of the 10th month from the beginning of thatyear), the annunciation was made to the virgin Mary ; and thatwhen " the days were accomplished that she should be delivered"(or g months later), she " brought forth her first-born son,"Jesus (Luke 2 : e).59

According to the above Scriptural data Jesus was bornin Autumn of the year 2 B.c., 18 months (4 4-5 +g =18)after the commencement of the (Israelitish) year, in which theangel appeared to Zacharias as he performed the priestly officein the order of his course ; and he was baptised 30 years later,in Autumn 29 A.D., or 5 months after John the Baptist beganhis ministry in the 15th year of the reign of Tiberius Czsar(See diagram, page 56).Tlze Duratio~z of Jesus Christ's MigzistryAlthough it is difficult to gather definitely from the recordsof the Gospels alone what was the exact duration of Christ'sministry, the information found in the Old and New Testamentsis sufficient to establish that period as 36 years.In the first three Gospels notes of time are not frequent ;but the Gospel of John carefully enumerates seven notes oftime from the baptism to the crucifixion of Christ. Three ofthese are direct references to passovers, while a fourth passoverappears to be referred to. These references are :(I) John 2 : 13-"the Jews' passover was at hand, andJesus went up to Jerusalem."(2) , 5 : I-" there was a feast of the Jews, and Jesuswent up to Jerusalem."(3) , 6 : 4-" the passover, a feast of the Jews, wasnigh."(4) ,, 13 : I-" before the feast of the passover, whenJesus kncw that his hour was comethat he should depart out of the worldunto the Father,"The name of the feast mentioned in No. 2 is not specified,but it may safely be maintained to have been a passover, otherwisethe interval between the passovers Nos. I and 3 wouldonly be a year. But one year is altogether too short a periodfor the many events, including the three separate tours throughthe cities of Galilee, which the other Gospels show to haveoccurred during that interval. We believe that all the evidenceswarrant our counting the unnamed feast in John 5 : I to be apassover ; and in this case the duration of our Lord's ininistry60from his baptism in Autumn 29 A.D., till his death at the 4th, passover when he was slain as the antitypical passover lamb,would be 34 years ; and the date of the crucifixion Spring33 A.D. This is the date adopted by Ussher. (See further detailsin Vol. 11 of Great Pyramid Passages.)The Great Pyramid Corroborates the Dates ofChrist's Birth, Ba$tism, and CrzccijxionAs the Law Age ended, and the Gospel Age began, at thefirst advent of Jesus Christ, it is confirmatory to find that theimportant dates of his birth, baptism and crucifixion aresymmetrically indicated in the Great Pyramid by three connectedpoints at the upper end of the First Ascending Passage,where the Grand Gallery and Horizontal Passage begin.We have already seen that in the symbolisms of the Pyramid,we have in the Descending Passage a graphic representationof mankind during the course of the " Present Evil World "hastening downward to the Pit of destruction; and in theupward branching First Ascending Passage, effectually blockedat its lower end by the Granite Plug, we have a true symbolicpicture of the Israelites' strenuous but unavailing efforts togain life by the works of the law during the Law Dispensation.Both those with the law, and those without the law, theApostle declares, fell short of the glory of God, and thus allalike were condemned to death, and none could by any meansredeem his brother (Psa. 49 : 7 ; Rom. 3 : g, 10). Then cameJesus, crowned with glory and honour, that he by the grace ofGod should taste death for every man (Heb. 2 : 9). In him wasno sin ; he was holy, harmless, undefiled and separate fromsinners. He was born into this world on a higher plane thanthe condemned race which he came to save ; and in him waslife. Therefore, in the Great Pyramid's symbolical representations,Jesus was not born with the sons of Adam in themiry Pit of depravity and death, but far above in the Queen's-Chamber condition of perfect human life.While the condition of human perfection is particularlysymbolised by the Queen's Chamber, we must recognise thatthe " Plane " of human perfection in general is represented by61

the level of the JEoor of the Queen's Chamber (See the diagramon page 62). When the floor-linc of the Queen's Chamber isproduced northward it comcs in coiltact with the inclined floorof the First Ascending Passage. The fact that the Queen'sChamber floor-level is in this exact relative position to the upperend of the First Ascending Passage, makes it possible for thePyramid to corroborate the Scriptural statement that Jesus,while " made of a woman," was also " made under the law ";that is, as a perfect man, Jesus is represented as born on thelevel of the Queen's Chamber floor which syrnbolises the Plancof Human Perfection ; and as an Israelite, subject to the law,he is represented as born in the First Ascending Passage whichsymbolises the Law Age. Thus, the point of contact on thefloor of the First Ascending Passage marks the date of the birthof Jesus, 2 B.C. ; and the measurements prove that theindication is exact. This is the Pyramid's method of showingthe fulfilment of Isaiah's prophecy when, speaking as an Israeliteto the people of Israel he proclaimed : " For unto us a child isborn, unto us a son is given " (Isa. 9 : 6).The 30 and 33* Inch-year Measureme~ztsFrom the measurements of Professor C. Piazzi Smyth(practically confirmed by Professor Flinders Petrie) we cancalculate that the floor-level of the Queen's Chamber is from142 to 15 (14.8245 +Pyramid inches) vertically below the upperterminal of the floor of the First Ascending Passage. As theangle of the inclination of the passages is 26" 18' 9".7, we canfind by the rules of trigonometry that the inclined distancefrom the point of contact spokcn of above, up to the end of thepassage floor is, in round figures, 33+ inches, while the horizontaldistance is 30 inches." That is to say, the point on the floorof the First Ascending Passage which we have seen toemarkthe date of Jesus' birth, is the starting-point of two time-* The exact Pyramid-inch figures are: For the inclined distance33.4553 +, and for the horizontal 29.9915 4- , Pyramid inches. In roundfigures these represent 339, and 30, Pyramid inches. This time-feature isa development of that given in the companion book : The Great Pyramid :Ifs Spirit~4al Symbolism, pages 92 and 93.63

measurements which indicate two aspects of the earthly life ofJesus.For 30 years Jesus lived as a perfect man ; and then, onthe invitation of God his Father, he presented his human lifeas a sacrificial offering on behalf of the world, covenanting todie the " just for the unjust "-I Pet. 3 : 18. Jesus symbolisedthis offering by his baptism at Jordan, and God demonstratedhis acceptance of the sacrifice by begetting his Son through theoperation of the Holy Spirit to a higher plane of being, theDivine spirit nature. Henceforth the heavenly Father did notregard his Son as in the flesh, but as a New Creature.This aspect of the earthly life of Jesus is represented by thehorizontal measurement of 30 inches. It is appropriate thatthe date of Jesus' baptism and begettal to the spirit nature,should thus be indicated at the point on the Queen's Chamberfloor-level which is in vertical line with the beginning of theGrand Gallery (See the diagram on page 62) ; for the GrandGallery symbolises the upward walk of the spirit-begotten, thecondition of Jesus when, at 30 years of age, he presented hisperfect human body a living sacrifice.The measurement of 33+ inches up the inclined floor-lineof the First Ascending Passage represents the other aspect ofJesus' earthly life, namely, as an Israelite of the tribe of Judah,born under the law and bound to observe it in every particularso long as he lived. Jesus fulfilled the law, and by his sacrificialdeath on the cross at 338 years of age, he became a " curse "for the people of Israel, as it is written : " cursed is every onethat hangeth on a tree " (Gal. 3 : 10, 13). '' Nailing " the lawto his cross (Col. 2 : 14) he there made an end of its exactingrequirements to all who exercised faith in him and acceptedthe high-calling of God in Christ Jesus (Rom. 10 : 4 ; JohnI : 11-13). This high-calling, which is so well symbolised bythe lofty Grand Gallery, was first extended to the followers ofChrist from the nation of Israel at Pentecost, shortly after hisresurrection from the dead in Spring, 33 A.D.SECTION VIIITHIS time-feature shows how the First Ascending Passageindicates the duration 01 the Law Dispensation, theexactly defined period during which the whole nationof Israel was subject to the Law. It had its beginning at theExodus fro~n Egypt in Spring 1615 B.C. when the " Passover,"a most important feature of the Law, was first observed(Exod. 12 : 40-43) ; and it ended in Spring 33 AD. when JesusChrist, the antitypical Passover Lamb, was slain by the cruel,11ld iji~~o~r~i~lio~~s111('111od of ~1-11cifixi011, ancl " ilLtiled it [thc Law]to liis cros5 " (I ('or. 5 : 7 ; Col. ;! : 14) - ;~ltogc~thcr a period of1647 years.The First Ascending Passage repi esents the exac Lingdemands of the Mosaic Law in the Law Dispensation, while theGrand Gallery, with its lofty height, suggests on the contrarythe liberty of the Law of Christ, the perfect Law of liberty inthe Gospel Dispensation. The one ended and the other beganat the death and resurrection of Christ. Accordingly, it is clearthat in this time-feature the line where these two passages meetmarks the date of the crucifixion. This ti~nc-measurement,therefore, like the one already considered (Sec. VII) confirinsthe clairn that the north wall of the Grand Gallery marks thedate of the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, 33 AD.*One would naturally expect that the date of the commencementof the Law Dispensation would be indicated by the" Point of Intersection " where the First Ascending Passageleaves tllc Descending Passage ; because it was at the time* In all the prulcipal time-features this is rccognised ; but we findthat in sonic less importa.nt time-~i~ea.surcments, othcs dates in connectionwith tllc First Advent of Christ are liliewise indicated by the line oftleniatltation hetmeen the First Ascending Passage and the Grand Gallery.E= 65

when the people of Israel left Egypt (the world-symbolisedby the downward passage) that the Law was made with themthrough Moses. But here a difficulty is encountered; forwhereas the duration of the Law Dispensation is 1647 years,the full length of the First Ascending Passage which symbolisesthat Dispensation is only 1543.464 + Py~amid inches, i.e., about1034 Pyramid inches too short.* At first sight it would seeinas if this Biblical period was not corroborated by the GreatPyramid. The late Charles T. Russell, however, in his Vol. I11of Studies in the Scrifitzaes, pointed out that the length of theGranite Plug was evidently intended by the Pyramid's Architectto he used in the calculations of this time-measurement.pensation, than the " Granite Plug " which in itself stands asthe symbol of the Divine Law, and which effectually blocksthis way that was " ordained to life " ?If, then, we take the length of the First Ascending Passageupward from the lower end of the Granite Plug, and to this addthe length of the Plug itself, thus giving due weight to thisThe evcnt which formed the beginning of this Lmu, periodwas not the " Exodus " (though it did occur at the same dateas the Exodus) but the ordinance of the " Passover," the firstfeature of the Law, and a very important one (Exod. 12 : 1-28,40-43). What could be more approyriale as the starting-pointfc:: the length of the First Ascending Passage when consideredin its particular symbolical representation of the Law Dis-* TlTe shall find, nevertheltss, in other time-measurements, describedin Vol. I1 of Great Pyrallzid Passages, that the lower end of the FirstAscending Passage does indicate the date of the Exodus, as wcll as otherprominent datcs connected with the people of Isracl.66Tlie lower butt-end of the Granite Plug which blocks the entranceof the First Ascending Passage of the Great Pyramidof Gizeh, as uiewed from fhe Descending Passageimportant symbol of the Divine Law, we shall find that thetotal measurement in Pyramid inches agrees with the period. ofyears during which the Old Law Covenant was in force. (Theactual number of Pyramid inches in this extended length of theFirst Ascending Passage is 1647.325 +, or about a 3rd of ani~~(:ll over the exact 1647.)67

Nor is this a chance coincidence, for other time-measurementshaving a connection with the Divine Law of God require thesame method of calculating. As C. T. Russell rightly said :" We now know why that ' Plug ' was so securely fixed that nonehad succeeded in displacing it. The Great Master-Builder hadplaced it there to stay, that we might hear its testimony to-daycorroborating the Bible, as to both its plan and its chronology."The " Extended " Length of the First Ascending Passage.is Pro@ortionate to the Whole PyramidBy the extended length of the First Ascending Passage, wemean the length of the passage from the upper, south, terminaldown the floor-line to the lower end of the Granite Plug, plusthe length of the Granite Plug. As the total number of inchesin the sum of these two lengths is 1647.325086+, while thefloor-length of the passage, from the " Point of Intersection " tothe upper endis shorter, namely, 1543 a464245 + inches, the formermay therefore be called the extended length of this passage.It is evident that the precise number of inches in the FirstAscending Passage's extended length depends not only on thelength of the Granite Plug, but also on the exact position itoccupies in the passage. Both the length, and the position,of the Granite Plug are related proportionately to thedimensions of the whole Pyramid.We have already drawn attention (in the Scientijc Featurescompanion book) to the proportionate relationship between thefloor-length of the First Ascending Passage, and the floorlengthof the Grand Gallery, through the medium of the daydurationof the synodic month. For when we multiply theGrand Gallery length by the days in the synodic month, anddivide the result by 36, we get the First Ascending Passagelength. The Grand Gallery itself is based proportiorlately uponthe dimensions of the King's Chamber through the medium ofthe day-duration of the solar tropical year ; while the dimensionsof the Icing's Cllarrlber is based upon the size and detailedmeasures of the whole Pyramid, through the medium of thepolar axial length of the earth, the solar tropical year duration,and other related scientific features.68In fact, we find that the measures of every part of the GreatPyramid, both exterior and interior, are definitely related toeach other through sorne appropriate proportion, and it is bythis geometrical and inathematical methocl that the monumentproves its own varied dimensions. The results of actual,practical, measuring in the building itself by careful measurersduring the past 70 years agree, to within small fractions of aninch, with the results of the scientific, proportionate, calculations.The upper south end, and portion of the west side, of the Gronife Plugmhich completely blocks the lower end of the First AscendingPassage in the Great Turamid of GizehBecause of the close agreement between the figures of thepractical measurers (as, for instance, the published figures ofProfessor C. Piazzi Smyth, and W. M. Flinders Petrie, as wellas our own-See Vol. I of Great Pyramid Passages), and becausein nearly every dimension a close mean of these practicalmeasures agrees with the scientific deductions, we can haveconfidence that the measurements we use throughout this bookand the companion books of the series are as near to the truthas we can hope for.69

The Length of the Gralzite PlugThe length of the Granite Plug is proportionate to thedimensions of the whole Pyramid in this way: When we addtogether the four side-lengths of the building's square Socketlevelbase, and the four outside arris-edges, from the Socketlevelbase up the corners to the apex, and divide the sum ofthese eight straight lines by a round 400, we get the length ofthe Granite Plug. This length, as we have said elsewhere, is1781892 + Pyramid inches.Professor Flinders Petrie measured the Granite Plug moreaccurately than Professor C. Piazzi Smyth (for the latter confessedthat we did not attach more than moderate relianceupon his own figures, as the Plug is " so very difficult androundabout to measure "). The measure of Professor Petrieis only about an 8th part of an inch different from the figuregiven above ; and under the circumstances, because of thedifficulty of securing accurate practical measures, this smalldifference is negligible. Like nearly all of the Pyramid'sscientific measurements, this Granite Plug length is confirmedmany times by other features.Th,e Position of the Gralzite PlugAs for the position of the Granite Plug in the First AscendingPassage, we find that the measurements connected with thisare appropriate to the length of the Granite Plug, as well asappropriate to the symbolical significance of the passage. Withoutentering into all the details, we here present the main features.We have seen how, if we reckon a round 400 inches for eachinch in the length of the Granite Plug, we get a total of inchesequal to the sum of the Pyramid's four Socket-level base-sidelengths, plus the four corner arris-line lengths. The length ofthe Granite Plug is therefore not only proportionate, throughthe medium of the number 400, to the actual outside size of thewhole Pyramid, but also to the very shape of the building,namely, the ii-shape, or that precise shape which gives to themonument's vertical height the same proportion to its squarebase, as the radius of the circle has to the circumference.70The number 400 is one of the factors which determines theexact, theoretical, position of the Granite I'lug, though not thistime as a multiplying (or dividing) number, but as a number tobe added. Thus, when we add a round 400 inches to esactly6 times the length of the Granite Plug, the resultant sum isequal to the number of inches between the upper end of theFirst Ascending Passage, down the floor-line to the lower,or northern, end of the Granite Plug. Therefore, if we add400 inches to 7 times the Granite Plug length, we have the" extended " length of the First Ascendillg Passage, or thatlength which, as C. T. Russell pointed out, enables this FirstAscending Passage to corroborate the duration of the 1,awAge of Israel, from Spring of the year 1615 B.C. when the firstfeature of the Law was given, namely, the Passover, till Springof the year 33 A.D. when Jesus Christ, the antitypical PassoverLamb of God was slain, and by his sacrificial death broughtthe Law to an end to all such as had faith.The SigniJicance of the Nz~mbevs 7 and 400Tlle fact that the Granite Plug length iliust be multipliedby 7, the perfect number, and 400 added to yield the necessarynumber of inches to enable the First Ascending Passage toagree in length with the years of the Law Age, this may beregarded as appropriate to the symbolism of the passage ; forone of the prornincnt featurcs of the Law is the 7th day, and7th year, sabbath, which thc pcople of Israel were enjoined toobscrve. The number 7, also, represents perfection in general,just as 10 represents completeness. It was on the 10th dayof the 7th month of their ecclesiastical year that the Israeliteswere commanded to observe as the great atonement day ; andon this same day every 50th year, counting from the year theyentered into the Holy Idand, the priest blew the trllmpet ofjubilee, and proclaimed liberty throughout all the land. Thenumber 6 seems to be more particularly identified with man inhis imperfection, although it has another significance, as weshall refer to later.The roth part of 400, i.e., 40, is a Scriptural number, andin most instances where this number is used, either as clays7I

and nights, or years, trial or tcsting is associated with it,directly or indirectly. Powers of the number 40, that is, aswe have seen, 400, dnd also 4000, and 40,ooo are connected wit11the First Ascellding Passage in some of the scientific features.The whole of the Law Age of Israel which the First AscendingPassage so well symbolises was essentially an Age of trial andtesting. Owing to their imperfection the people of Israel wereunable to pass the exacting requirements of the Law ; and theI.aw therefore blocked the way to life, just as the Granite Plugblocks the way up the First Ascending Passage which representsa way to life. But the perfect Marl Christ Jesus passed everytrial and test which his heavenly Father saw good to subjecthim to. We read that for 40 days he was tempted of the Devilin the wilderness, and that the Devil had to leave him at last,being unable to shake the iaitlr and loyalty of our Lord.The length of the First Ascending Passage, its extendedlength, and the length of the Granite Plug, are all corroborateda number of times by the Pyramid's scientific proportions(which will be more fully dealt with in the 3rd volume of GreatPymmid Passages). We therefore adhere to these particularlengths, considering them to be the standards, or correcttheoretical measures. But, as we have pointed out severaltimes, agreeably with Professor C. Fiazzi Smyth, it is probablethat the Pyramid's Designer intended that other measures forthe various parts of his monument sllould be used in thecalculations, these other measures being, however, withinnarrow limits. For a passage may measure longer along oneside than along the other, as, for instance, the DescendingPassage, which from the " Point of Intersection " downwardsis longcr on the west side than on the east. There is, ofcourse, a reason for these slight ranges of measure, to someof which we refer in the Scientific Featzwes book.D~nair~ ily K. Vaughn?'The large couity excauated rou,;d fbe western side of !be Granite Plug in theGreat Pyramid of Gizeh, excaoafed by Caliph A1 Ayamoun in820 J.D. This cavily co,~nects the Descending Passogewith !he lower end of the First Ascending Possoge

SECTION IXThe other way into the Grand Gallery is the Well-shaft,which symbolises the death and resurrection, i.e., the ransomsacrifice,of the Lord Jesus Christ. It is by this way, faith illthe ransom-sacrifice, that the Gentiles havc passed from thePlane of Condemnation represented by the Descending Passage,up to the Plane of Human Perfection represented by the levelTHE GOSPEL AGE : CALL AND TRIAL OF CHRIST'S " BOIW "THE Gospel Age is the continuation of the Law CovenantAge in point of timc ; yet there is great differencebetween them, evrn as the Grand Gallery whichsymbolises the Age of Grace, although in direct upward continuationof the First Ascending Passage which symbolises theAge of Bondage, differs from it in most other respects. Wehave already fully described the symbolisms by which the GrandGallery represents the upward walk of tlzose who partake withChrist in the high-calling of God (See the Spii~itztal Symbolis~rcbook). The total length of this passage in Pyramid inchescorroborates our understanding of the Scriptural teachingregarding the complete period of the Gospel 4gt..The Two Waj~s of gaining the Grand GalleryThere are two modes of entrance to the Grand Gallcry.The most direct is the First Ascending Passage up which thepeople of Isracl, typically clcanscd through the atonement-daysacrifices, are represented as going. Those who had faith inthe ransom-sacrifice and thus received Jesus as their Saviour,passed directly from Moses into Christ. They accepted thespecial privilege of the Gospel Age (John I : 11-13) and,figuratively, followed Christ up the Grand Gallery. Themajority of the nation who rejected him, however, were turnedaside into the Well-shaft ; that is, because of their blindunbelief they lost the opportunity of the Age of Grace, ancl werecast into the hndaan condition. For although the Well-shaftparticularly syrnbolises the death and resurrection of JesusChrist, it also symbolises hades or the death-state in the widersense. Christ's soul was not left in hades (Acts 2 : 27).74The lower end of the Grand Gallery in the Great Pyramidof Gizeh, looking south; showing the two Rompsoscendirig on each side of the floorof the Queen's Chamber floor. They are not actually perfect,but are " justified by faith " (Rom. 5 : I) and " accepted in thebeloved " (Eph. I : 6). If they now comply with the request topresent their bodies a living sacrifice (Rom. 12 : I), and soaccept the " High-Calling," they are urged to forget those75

things which are behind, and reaching forth unto those things ,which are before, press towards the mark for the prize of thehigh calling of God in Christ Jesus (Phil. 3 :13, 14).The Beginnifig of the Gos+el AgeWith the exception of these few followers of Christ, thewhole world of mankind on their downward way pass the lowermouth of the Well, the ransom-sacrifice of Christ, without seeingit, or if they do they have no faith in it as a way of escape tothe upper passages of life. To the Jew it is a cause of stumbling,and to the Gentile it appears to be foolishness (I Cor. I : 23).Jesus was called from his birth, in the sense that he wasborn into this world for the purpose of accepting the call tosacrifice when the due time should come ; and this as we haveseen was at his baptism (Sec. VII). But although the " Call "began there so far as Jesus was concerned, it was not untilafter his resurrection that the " new and living way " wasopened up, first to the people of Israel, and afterwards to theGentiles. Good men, like John the Baptist, who died priorto the actual paynlellt ol the ransom by meails of the preciousblood, could not have part in this high-calling (Matt. 11 : 11).It was not until Jesus ascended and presented the merit ofhis sacrifice to the Father, that the Call was extended to theillembers of the Body of Christ. The first to take advantageof the Call were the Disciples at Pentecost (Acts 2 : 1-18) ;and on these, in token of his acceptance of them, God pouredout his Holy Spirit, just as 34 years before he had poured itupon his beloved Son Jesus at Jordan. The exact day when theHoly Spirit first descended upon the members of Christ's Body,was foreshadowed in the types of the law (Lev. 23 : 4-17).The privilege to suffer with Jesus Christ and to be on trialfor a place in the Body, which began to close in 1878 A.D., willcontinue until the last member has completed his course.*But with the completion of the membership of the Body, andthe completion of their testing as to faithf~ilness unto death,* See Statdies in the Scriptures, by C. T. Russell, Vol. 11, chap. 7 ;Vol. III., chap. 6.76and their exaltation with thelr Head, will come the conclusionof this Gospel Age. This, we believe, will coincide with the endof the " Times of the Gentiles," Autumn of the year I914 A.D.(See No. 3 on page 24).The "Feet" Members of the Body of Christ,and their WorkThe above paragraphs appeared in the 1913 edition of the2nd volume of Great Pyralnid Passages. While we believe weare right in maintaining that all the members of the Body ofChrist are not yet joined to their Head, Jesus Christ, in gloryas spirit beings, their activity as " feet " members in publishingthe glad tidings, in publishing salvation by proclaiming that" Millions now living will never die," and in declaring that tlzeveign of Christ is now begun, can be said to have been legallydue since 1914 A.D. To quote the late C. T. Russell: " It isto this mission of the ' feet,' or last members of the Church,who will declare upon the mountains (kingdoms) the reign ofChrist begun, that Isaiah 52 : 7 refers."" A great and important work, then, is given to theremaining members : Kingdom work it is indeed, and accompaniedalso by Kingdom joys and blessings. Although yet inthe flesh and pursuing their appointed work at the expense ofself-sacrifice, and in the face of much opposition, these arealready entering into the joys of their Lord,-the joy of a fullappreciation of the divine plan and of the privilege of workingout that plan, and, in conjunction with their Lord and Redeemer,of offering everlasting life and blessings to all the families of theearth ."We read that " the Lord knoweth them that are His."From the date of our Lord's death and resurrection, Spring olthe year 33 A.D., till the date when he took up his great powerand began to reign at the completion of the Seven Times of theGentiles, Autumn 1914 A.D., is a period of 18816 years. Thisperiod is corroborated by the total length of the Grand Gallerywhich represents the Gospel Age ; for the Pyramid-inch distancealong the floor-line, from the north wall which convincinglymarks the date 33 A.D., up to the virtual floor-end at the vertical77

IIline of the upper south wall, is 1881.598 +, that is, practically18814 Pyramid inches.This measurement is confirmed in so many distinct waysby the scientific features of the Great Pyramid, that we cannotdoubt its accuracy and intentional design. Jehovah, the GreatMaster Architect of the Pyramid, so designed the dimensions ofthe monument, that it might monumentalize the date 1914 A.D.not once, but many times over, that we should have confidencein the wonderful events connected with that year. The mostimportant of these is that Christ, " whose right it is," begail hisreign as earth's invisible King (Ezek. 21 : 25-27).-."' HORIZONTAL PASSAGE \ \\\PLANE OF HUMAN PERFECTION. ..wHILESECTION Xthc First Ascending Passage represents theexperiences of the nation of Israel under the exactingrequirements of the old Law Covenant, syinbolisingthe hopelessness of that commandment which, although" ordained to life," was found to be in reality unto death becauseof inherent sin (Rom. 7 : 10) ; and while the Grand Galleryrepresents in its symbohsm the experiences of those who havethe necessary faith in Christ during the Gospel Age, there isanother passage-way in the Grcat Pyrainicl which illustratesthe experiences of the world of mankind in general during theentire seven thousand years, from the time of Adam till the endof Christ's Millennia1 reign, namely, the Horizontal Passagewhich leads to the Queen's Chamber. And just as the lengthsof the two Ascending Passages indicate the durations of theLaw and Gospel Ages, so, proportionately, the length of theHorizontal Passage agrees with the complete period of 7000 years.God's faithful witnesses in all ages have believed thatultimately Jehovah will reward the righteous because of theirfaith in Him, and punish evildoers. But the time has seemedlong, and their cry has been : " How long, 0 Lord ? " Yetthe Apostle says that " the Lord is not slack concerning hispromise, . . . but is longsuffering to us-ward, not willing thatany should perish, but that all should come to repentance "(2 Pet. 3 : 9). " fIave I any pleasure at all that the wickcdshould die ? said the Lord God : and not that he should returnfrom his ways and live ? " (Ezek. 18 : 23). For this reason,therefore, that the wickcd might learn by bitter experience thesure results of evil-doing, and then be given an opportunity toreturn and learn righteousness that they may live, the Lordhas been longsuffering with the fallen race of mankind. For79

6000 years God permitted evil to predominate, because,we read, " he hath appointed a day, in which he will judgethe world in righteousness by that man whom he hath ordained,"the Lord Jesus Christ whom he raised from the dead (Acts17 : 30, 31). This " day " that God has appointed is the7th 1000-year period since the time of Adam ; and in itmankind will experience the effects of well-doing, in contrastto the effects of evil-doing during the preceding six 1000-yearperiods. For we also read that, " when thy judgments are inthe earth, the inhabitants of the world will learn righteousness "(Isa. 26 : 9) ; and, " In his days shall the righteous flourish."namely, the Ransom-sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who is spolienof as " the Lainb of God, which taketh away the sin of the woi-ltl,"having been " foreordained before the foundation of the world,"and " slain from the foundatior, of the world" (John I : 29 ;I Pet. I : 19, 20 ; Rev. I3 : 8). The Queen's Chamber atthe further, southern, end of the passage synlbolises the perfecthuman life to which all incn will attain by the end of theRilillennial Age, as the result 01 tlie work of Christ.How tJze Length of the Norizo~ztal Passage Indicates thePeriod of 7000 Yeavs of the World's HistoryThe whole tenor of the Scriptures shows that the Lorddesigned the long period of 7000 years for rnan's ultirnatceverlasting benefit, that he might by experiences learn goodand evil, and, if he is rightly exercised by these experienceschoose righteousness and live. Thus there is hope for mankind,because God who is the Saviour specially of thosc who believe,is also the Saviour of all me11 ; and he willeth that all men shallbe saved and come to the l~nowledge of the truth (See I Tim.2 : 4 ; 4 : 10). If they remain loyal and obehent to therighteous Judge they will live forever in the earthly homwhich the loving Creator has prepared for them ; for the earth,which " abideth for ever," was made to be inhabited (Eccles.I : 4; Psa. 119 : go ; Isa. 45 : 18).The Horizontal Passage to the Queen's Chamber illustratesthis hopeful condition of mankind. The upper mouth of thesymbolical Well-shaft at the northern cominencenlent of thcpassage represents that which is thc foundation of all hope,80Tlie enlrance of the Horizorltal Passage leading lo the zueerl's Chan~ber ir~ theGreat Pyramid of Gizeh; showing &he sheer-ciit-03 of the GrandGallery jloor (Compare with the diagram on page 80)The method by which the Horizontal Passage shows theperiod of 7000 years is partly by its symbolism, and partly bythe proportionate measures of its length. Tlle simple length ofthe passage itself could not sllow the 7000-year inierval fromAdam's creation and fall, to the end of ilie Millennium, for itis only about 1521: Pyramid inches. It is here, therefore,p2 81

where both the proportions of the length, and the symbolism,are necessary ; and by taking advantage of these the representationis complete and convincing.The Queen's-Charnber end of the Horizontal Passage isabout 21 inches morc in height between floor and roof, than themajor part of its length ; and this final, southward, section isto a close approximation one-seventh of the total length of thepassage. Because the first 6/7ths is less than four feet betweenfloor and roof, thus compelling the man of average stature tobow his head and back considerably when progressing towardsthe Queen's Chamber, this pictures the condition of the humanrace during the first 6/7ths of the world's history. Whilemankind has been " subjected in hope " by God for 6000 years,during which, the Apostle tells us, they have bcen waiting withearnest expectation for the manifestation of the sons of God,they have also been " subject to frailty," bowed down andlabouring under sin and degradation, and longing for thepromised deliverance (See Iiom. 8 : 19-22). '' For we know,"continues the Apostle, " that the whole creation groaneth andtravaileth in pain together until now " ; but that it shall be" delivcred from the bondage of corruption into the gloriousliberty of the children of God."The time when this carnestly expected deliverance will take~lacc is in the 7th 1000-year period, called by the Apostle " thetimes of restitution of all things." The final 7th part of thelength of the Horizontal Passage, owing to its greater heightbecause of the 21-inch drop in the floor-level, well representsthe greater freedom of the Millennia1 Age. The original Adamiccondemnation will then be removed, and under the terms of theNew (Law) Covenant the great Mediator, Christ, will restoiemen to that upright condition lost by Adam through his disobediencein the beginning. The floor-to-ceiling height of thisfiilal 7th of the pasage gives just enough head-room for the manof average stature, that is, about 5 feet 8 inches. But afterpassing out of the passage into the seven-sided Queen's Chamber,there is abundance of head-room, symbolising thc glorious11bcrty of the perfect inan after the restitutioil work of Christand his joint-heirs of thc IGngclom is accomplished. (See theillustration of this final part of the passage on page 85.)823The Length of tlze Horizontal Passage is Geometrically ExactAs explained elsewhere the total length of the HorizontalPassage leading to the Queen's Chamber is related, by a proportion,to the dimensions of the King's Chamber, and to thenumber of days in the Lunar or Synodic month. For when weinultiply the cubic diagonal of the King's Chamber by the dayvalueof the synodic month, and divide the result by 10, whichis the Pyramid's basic number, we get the length of theHorizontal Passage, namely, 1521.3114f Pyramid inches.This, the correct theoretical length, is the mean of the practicalmeasures secured by Professors Smyth and Petrie, and byourselves as described in paragraphs 588 to 591 in Vol. I ofGreat Pyramid Passages.In the symbolisms, the moon, as represented in the durationof the lunar month, is symbolical of the Law, which mankindwill gradually be enabled to observe perfectly under the betterconditions of the New Covenant. The King's Chamber issymbolical of the Kingdom of Christ, under the beneficentrule of which the restored world will be instructed in righteousness,and so attain to the Queen's-Chamber condition of perfecthuman life. It is therefore in keeping with the approvedsymbolisms of the Pyramid that the day-duration of the synodicmonth, and the chief dimension of the King's Chamber (thecubic diagonal) should so wonderfully yield the figures whichagree with the measured length of the Horizontal Passage.There is nothing forced, eitlier iri tlle interpretation of thesymbolisms of the building, or in the mathematical calculations,in this feature.Even in the proportions of 6/7ths and 1/7th into whichthis Horizontal Passage is divided, there is a fitness tothe mathematical accuracy of the whole monument. Foralthough the final scction of thc passagc at the Quecn's Chamberend is, as we have said, only a close approximation to a 7thpart of the total length, yet this section is so balanced to thelonger sectioll that it does show the exact 7th part by thefollowing method :This method taltcs into account thc Pyramid's basic number10, which is the complete number, in addition to the perfect83

number 7. From the total Pyramid-inch length of the HorizontalPassage deduct the complete number 10. Divide the remainderby the perfect number 7, and we have the precise length ofthe final, southern, section of the passage, namely, 215.9016 +Pyramid inches. The difference between Professor C. PiazziSmyth's practical ineasui-e for this final section, and our ownpractical measure, is less than a 20th part of an inch, and aclose mean between these two practical measnres is the onerequired by thc illathematical and proportionate theory, asdetailed above.7040 years, froin tlic fall of Adam till thir final test llpon il~anlrindis accomplr\hcd, ii tlmr; inrlicated in tl~c Sriipturt-s. 711e dateof the end of the long ~~eriod of 7010 years will therefore bc,2914 A.D., which will complete 2915 years from the date of thcbirth of the " Man Christ Jesur " in Rethlehem (Al~tumn of theyear 2 B.c.).The Horizorttal Passage artd the 7040 Years' PeriodWe read in Iievelation 20 : 3 that Satan is to remain boundin the " bottomless pit " for the 1000 years, that he shoulddeceive the nations no more till the 1000 years are fulfilled ;but that " after that he must be loosed a little season."Further, in verses 7 and 8, the Revelator says : " And when thethousand years are expired, Satan shall be loosed out of hisprison, and shall go out to deceive the iiations which are inthe four quarters of the earth, Gog and Magog, to gatherthem together to battle : the number of whom is as the sandof the sea."By the end of the times of restitution, the thousand yearsof the Millennium, all mankind will have been restored to thatdegree of perfection which should enable them to withstandthe deceptions' of thc liberated evll one ; and as the generalresurrection will then be complete, the nations, or peoples, willbe as the sand of the sea for multitude. All the loyal at heartwill pass this final test which the loosiilg of Satan will bringupon the restored world, and will live on into the " Ages ofglory " to follow. Those who provc themselves disloyal andlacking in love for God and neighbour, as is required by theperfect law, will be destroyed by the " fire " which will comedown from God out of heaven (Rev. 20 : 9).This final " little season,'' which comes after the 1000-yearperiod, will probably be a short spacc of 40 years, as seems tobe indicated by the harmony of the timc-parallels shown onpages 24 and 25 (See particularly No. 3). A total period of84The doorway of the Horizontol Passage in the north wall of the cueen's Chamberin the Great 'Pyramid of Gizeh; showing [he 21-inch drop in the floor ofthe passage, and the corlsequent greater headroom in !his fino1 par! oftlre passage (Compare wilh the diagram on page 80)The Horizontal Passage to the Queen's Chamber is relatedby a mathematical proportion, and by a method of calculatingclraracteristic of the Great Pyramid, to this 7040 measilre.35

The length of the Horizontal Passage, as we have seen, isconnected proportionately to the dimensims of the Icing'sChamber, and to the day-value of tlie Lunar month. As theIcing's Chamber's dimensions are in their turn related to theday-value of the solar tropical year (as is explained fully in thecompanion book entitled : The Great Pyramid : Its ScientiJicFeatures), we see that both the sun and the moon, as representedby the solar year and the lunar month, are symbolicallyconnected with the Horizontal Passage through the medium ofnumbers, i.e., numbers of days, and numbers of inches. Wehave already drawn attention to the symbolical significancespoken of.The total length of the Horizontal Passage, 1521.3114 +Pyramid inches, is much too small to agree by any directcalculation with a 7040-inch measure. But its length is soexactly balanced with all the other dimensions of the Pyramid,and with the building's scientific indications of the solar andlunar years, and with the mathematical ratio 7, that the7040-year period is shown to be connected with this passageby the following method of calculating :When we add to the Horizontal-Passage length of1521.31142 + Pyramid inches, the same number of inches asthere are days in the lunar year (of 12 lunar, or synohc, months,354.36706 +), and also the same number of inches as days in thesolar tropical year (365.24219 + ), and regard the sum of thesethree exact numbers as being the diameter of a circle, we findthat the circumference of this circle is practically an even 7040Pyramid inches. This circumference measures little more thana 20th part of an inch over the precise 7040. (The Horizontal-Passage length in inches, added to the nunlber of days in thesolar and lunar years, yields the sum of 2240.9206 +. Thissum viewed as the inch-diameter of a circle, and multiplied bythe ratio T, gives for the circumference of that circle7040.0599 + inches.).SECTION XITHERE can be said to be more than one length for theDescending Passage, for this passage is divided intodefinite sections throughout its total length byprominent structural details. For instance, there is existingevidence that the Descending Passage had two north beginnings.The first one was (for it is now missing) at the surface of theoriginal casing-stones that covered all the northern flank of thebuilding. Owing to the stripping-off of the pristirie casing ofthe monument, this outer commencement of the DescendingPassage has disappeared. But the few casing-stones whichstill remain at the northern foot of thc building, standing intheir original places almost exa.ctly below the entrance of theDescending Passage, make it possible for us to determinewithin close limits where the doorway of the Descending Passagelay in ancient times. We term this north-commencementof the Descending Passage floor-line : The Ancient Entrance.Rut the masonry which forms the present north edge ol LheDescending Passage floor-line, has the appearance of havingbeen intended by the Pyramid's designer to constitute another,second, corriinenceinent to the passage. The particularstructural feature which presents this appearance of ariotfierfloor-beginning is an extensive sheet of masonry, 30 inchesthick, and nleasuring 33 feet wide from cast to west, down thecentral liue of which the floor of the passage runs. That is tosay, this broad sheet of stone, starting from where the DescendingPassage now begins, slopes downward into the solid masonryof the building, preserving (so far as we can judge) a width of33 feet, and extending from the outside of the building dowri tothe rock-level. And down the middle of this great inclined87

sheet of masonry, which Professor C. Piazzi Smyth named theD?sccnding Passage " Enseincnt-shcct," tllc passage's walls wcrelaid at ne~ily thrcc. xrrd a h:df feet apart ; and or1 top of th?.;cwalls imillensc roof itonrs wcrc then plxcrtl. This method ofconstruction lnade the masonry of the Descending Passagevery solid and enduring.Col. Howard Vyse's historic Cosing-stones in the middle of thenorthern hase of the Great Tyromid of GizehThe " Basement-sheet " of the Descending Passage, therefore,forms a distinct part of the Pyramid's design, and ProfessorSmyth was of the opinion that it did not extend further outwardtoward the exterior line of the casing of the building than itdoes at present. Therefore the northern edge of the Basementsheet.at the point where the Descending Passage commences,89

forms another, distinct, floor-beginning for this pnssngc. TII(~masonry which originally lay beyond this, betwcen ill(: I)I'P.(-IIIHoor-commencenient of the passage and the anciei~t 111111;~11(1'beginning, must have been arranged in a different stylc, ;I.; isnatural to suppose, seeing that the casing-stone surface wascomparatively near. Professor Flinders Yetrie believed that tl~cancient Entrance was originally closed by a pivoted stone door ;and this is probable.In the Pyramid's symbolical and scientific features both ofthese floor-beginnings are repeatedly recognised. And thesetwo floor-beginnings of the Descending Passage are related toeach other by harmonious proportions, proving, by tlie Pyramid'sown method of proof, that both are intentional details of thewhole system of dimensions which bind all sections of themonument together. The opinion of Professor Smyth that thenorth edge of the Descending Passage Basement-sheet, wherethe floor of the passage begins at present, is an originally intendedfeature of the Pyramid's design, is thus fully supported. Weshall refer to some of these symmetric proportions later.Lower Termirtals of Descending PassageAt the lower end of the Descending Passage, which, with theSubterranean Chamber or Pit, is hewn out in the solid rock,there are a number of points where measured-lengths of thepassage terminate. These points we may number for clearness :(I) The end of the inclined floor-line, at the point of junctionwith the Small Horizontal Passage. (2) The end of the SmallHorizontal Passage at the line of the north wall of the Pit.(3) The end of the floor-line of the Small Horizontal Passagewhich juts into the Pit, five inches southward beyond the northwall of the Pit. (This third terminal is a very important onein the Pyramid's teaching.) (4) The point which is verticallybelow No. 3, on the produced line of the inclined floor of theDescending Passage. This No. 4 terminal for the DescendingPassage is, of course, a virtual floor-ending only, and not actual.But it is a termination which we can recognise, seeing that it isin direct continuation of the inclined floor-line of the passage,just as if the passage had been cut right downward at thc snlnc91

steep angle through the rock. It is also exactly, vertically,bclow thc tcrtllination of the Small Horizontal Passage floor,which, as we said, juts into the Pit five inches. Therefore, No.4 terminal can be said to mark the end of the longest possiblestraight-lined length for the Descending Passage, beginningfrom the ancient Entrance. And this longest measure is, aswe shall see, a very important one in the Great Pyramid.The " Point of 1~8tersection "The point where the First Ascending Passage branches upwardfroin the Descending Passage, called for convenience the " Pointof Intersection," because the floor-lines of the two passagesintersect each other here, naturally forms a definite divisionallinein the total length of the Descending Passage. Therefore,from the outside Entrance down to the " Point of Intersection "is often named the Entrance Passage ; and from the " Point ofIntersection " downward toward the Pit is named, for distinction,the Descending Passage. This lower reach of thepassage is an important section, and is in a sense representativeof the whole passage.--L SECTION (mou N-m m Soorn~ooninc WrJrlSnzwm~c JUNCTION OFI PA5SACE.AND FIRST ASCENDING PASSACL -.--..... *...r-- ~- JThe Symbolical S,zgniJica~zce a.nd Le~zgtlzof the Desceading PassageThe length of a passage, expressed in earth-commensurableinch-units, that is, in Pyramid inches, is in itself a necessarypart of the symbolical meaning of the passage. It is oftensaid that " figures can tall:! " It is ccrtain that the row offigures which express the lengths of the Great Pyramid's interiorpassage-ways do talk clearly, telling us what part each passageplays in the building's corroboration of the Biblical Plan of thcAges. Such figures are by no means " dry."It is worth whileto understand them. Let us see what the longest straightlinedmeasurement of the Descending Passage lias to tell usregarding an intercsting feature of tlle Lord's Plan of Salvation.First, as regalds the numbel- of inches in the loilgest straightlinedmeasure of the Descending Passage : This number isequal to the exact 10th part of the sum of : (I) the days in 120solar tropical years, and (2) the inches in the Queen's ChamberHorizontal-Passage length. (The days in 120 solar years number43,829.0638 + ; and the Horizontal Passage, which leads to theQueen's Chamber, measures 1521.3114+ inches. The sum ofthese two numbers, when divided by 10, the Pyramid's basicnumber, is the precise length of the Descending Passage, frointhe ancient Entrance north beginning of the floor, to the terminalof the produced inclined floor, at that point on this producedline, No. 4 in the diagram, which is vertically in alignmentwith the end of the Small Horizontal Passage floor, five inchesbeyond the line of the north wall of the Pit. This, the longeststraight-lined length of the Descending Passage, measures4535.0375 + Pyramid inches.)Secondly, the length of the Small Horizontal Passage leadingto the Pit, taking its longest measure to the terminal of the actualfloor five inches beyond the Pit's north wall, is proportionate tothe length of that section of the Descending Passage which runsbetween the " Point of Intersection" at the junction of theFirst Ascending Passage, and the lower end of the inclined flooritself, where the Small Horizontal Passage begins. This proportionis shown through the inedium of a right-angled triangle,namely, that triangle formed by the produced Descending93 .

Passage inclined floor-line as the hypotenuse, the vertical lineof the terminal of the Small Horizontal Passage floor as theperpendicular, and the horizontal line from the lower end of theinclined floor of the Descending Passage, which is parallel withthe Small Horizontal Passage floor, as thc base. Thc area ofthis right-angled triangle, thc sizc of wllicll is altogetherThe Descending Passage of the Great 'i'lramid of Sireh as oiewed bornthe lower end of the Well-shaft, looking eastwardDlpivn by K. V,zr~&,hiha,zThe nor~h-east coi-rler of !he roclpcut Sublerrunean Chamber, or Pit, in the Great Pyramidof Sizeh, showing the square doorway of the Small Horizontal Passageby which entrance is gained to the chalnberdependent upon the floor-length of Llle Small HorizontalPassage, when divided by 10, yields the n~~mber equal to thelength of the lower reach of the Descending Passage, 3034.5010 +Pyramid inches. The complete floor-length of the SmallHorizontal Passage is 350.4031 +Pyramid inches, to the endof the five inch projection illto the Pit.95

The floor-lengths given above are correct according to theactual, practical, measures taken in the Great Pyramid by us in1909 and 1912. The total mean measurement of the inclinedfloor of the Descending Passage, which we secured in theseyears and published in Vol. I1 of Great Pyramid Passages,is barely a 100th part of an inch different from the abovementionedstandard lengths for this passage. The figures aretherefore authentic.The fact that the total, or longest, straight-lined length ofthe Descending Passage agrees with the number of days in 120solar tropical years, and with the length of the HorizontalPassage to the Queen's Chamber (when the sum of these twonumbers is divided by IO), is appropriate to the symbolicalmeaning of this downward passage. For symbolically theDescending Passage represents the downward course of thefallen human race, from the time when father Adam broughtsin and death into the world through his disobedience, till now.The whole human family has been born on the downward- course, and have been hastening to the pit of death, representedin the Great Pyramid by the Subterranean Chamber. Nonehave been found worthy to give himself a ransom for his brother,that he might redeem him from the death-sentence. As theScriptures declare, there is none righteous, no, not one ; forall have coule short 01 the gloi y of God. The condition of theworld would have been hopeless, had it not been that God inhis great mercy had provided a ransom, or corresponding price,by which he has bought the whole race from death.We read that Christ is the " lamb slain from the foundationof the world" ; and that he bore our iniquities, dying the" just for the unjust." Christ is the " Seed of the woman "who is destined to bruise the head of the serpent ; that is, hewill in due time destroy Satan, the great tempter. And Christis, together with his joint-heirs, the " Seed of Abraham " whowill bless all the families of the earth, by, first, raising them fromthe death-state, and then, under the beneficent rule of the New(Law) Covenant, restoring them to the likeness of God, as Adamwas when he was made in the image of God in the beginning.Therefore, while God in justice required to pass the sentenceof death upon Adam because of his sin of disobedience he, in96mercy, did not leave him and his descendants without a littlehope ; for it is written that " He hath subjected the same inhope. "The death-doomed condition of the world of mankind isrepresented by the Descending Passage ; but the hopefit1condition is represented by the Horizontal Passage leading tothe Queen's Chamber. For all the human race will ultimately11e raised to the Horizontal-Passage condition through theransom-sacrifice of Jesus Christ, and the ransom-sacrifice is, inthe symbolical Pyramid, represented by the mysterious Wellshaft,the " way-of-escape " from the downward passage.The hopeful condition, which will have its realisation duringthe time of the New Covenant rule of the Christ, and which iswell represented in the Great Pyramid by the HorizontalPassage to the Queen's Chamber, is, as it were, transferredthrough the medium of the actual length of that HorizontalG2 97

Passage, to the Descending Passage, in the manner describedabove.But there is still another aspect of the Descending Passage'ssymbolical meaning. Not only does this passage represent thegeneral downward course of the world to death, but, in thetime-measurements of the Pyramid, where each linear inch-unitrepresents a year in the scrolls of history, the length of thepassage, beginning this time from the vertical line of the presentroof-commencement at the upper end, and measuring down thefloor-line to the Subterranean Chamber, agrees in the totalnumber of inches with the number of years between the dateof the Flood, when the " World that was " ended, till the date1914 A.D., when Christ was due to take up his great power andreign as earth's invisible King.It was because of the exceedingly evil condition of the worldat the close of the first Dispensation, that God brought in theflood of waters and destroyed the old " World of the ungodly."At the time when God saw that he would require to destroy allflesh which had become corrupt in the earth, he said : " Myspirit shall not always strive with man, for that he also is flesh :yet his days shall be an hundred and twenty years " (Genesis 6 : 3).While many explanations have been advanced regardingthis mention of a period of 120 years, all are agreed that it hasdirect connection with man's sinful, downward, course. For thisreason, therefore, we believe it to be appropriate that themeasurement of the total length of the Descending Passage,symbolical of man in his degraded state, is directly related tothe days in 120 years ; while at the same time the hope whichGod mercifully instilled into the human heart is represented bythe incorporation in the length of the Descending Passage,the length of the Horizontal Passage leading to the Queen'sChamber. (The fact that it is the 10th part of the sumof the number of days in 120 solar years, and the number ofinches in the Horizontal Passage length, does not mean thedisregarding of the full numbers in each of these two factors ;for this is very characteristic of the Great Pyramid's proportionatedimensions, in which 10, and its multiples and divisions isconstantly recognised.)SECTION XI1AUTUMN of the year 1914 A.n. is the termination oE theperiod of 1915 solar tropical years which begail torun its course when our Lord was born in Bethlehem ;the true date of the birth of Jesus being Autumn of theyear 2 B.C.Autumn of the year 1914 A.D. is also the termination of thelong period spoken of in thc Scriptures a.s the " seven times,"which is interpreted by students of the Bible as being sevensymbolical years, each of 360 days, and each day representinga true solar tropical year in the actual fulfilment of prophecy.Therefore, the "seven times " are seven symbolical years of360 days each, representing in fulfilment 2520 solar tropicalyears.-See No. 3 on page 24.This period of 2520 true years, declared in Scriptures to bethe seven times of Israel's punishment because of the nation'sdisregard of the Law of God, was*referred to by Jesus as " tlletimes of the Gentiles." During tl~is long term of punishrnentthe Gentile nations have dominated God's chosen"people, thenation of Israel. It began when Zedekiah, tbe'last of thekings of Judah, was dethroned by the king of Babylon illthe year 607 B.C.Jerusalem, with the temple of David ancl Solomon, wasdestroyed in that year, 607 KC., and Zcdelciah and his subjectswere carried captive to Babylon. From Autumn of that year,when the very last of the remaining people fled from thestricken country, the promised land lay desolatc without aninhabitant for full 70 years (2 Chron 36 : 11-23).At the end of the foretold 70 years of desolation of Jerusalem;III(I IIIE lancl, Cyriis, the king of Persia, permitted the surviving99

captives, along with those born in captivity, to return andrestore their desolated country, and begin again their distinctnational life. Rut God regarded then1 no longer as His representativekingdoin ; for although their ~iatioualjty was restored(Ezra 6 : 16-22 ; S : 35), thcy were not again permitted tohave a king " sitting upon the throne of the Lord " (Nehemiahg : 33-37). They were henceforth servants in their own land,subject to Gentile kingdoms. According to the express pronouncementof Jehovah, through the mouth of his prophetEzekiel, the kingdom would not be restored to Israel until I-Iewould come whose right it is, namely, the great and longpromisedMessiah (See Ezekiel 21 : 25-27).The First A++earance of the KingQAt the time of the birth of the Lord Jesus Christ inBethlehem, the " wise men from the east " came to Jerusalemenquiring where he was who was " born king of the Jews."The advent into the world of him whose right it is to reign overIsrael and restore the kingdom was, therefore, know11 in theworld. Jesus himself admitted this truth when he said :" To this end was I born."The prophet Zechariah had also proclaimed the Icing'sadvent when he said, " Rejoice, greatly, 0 daughter of Zion ;shout, Q daughter of Jesusalem : behold, thy King comet11unto thee : he is just, and having salvation ; lowly, and ridingupon an ass, and upoil a colt the foal of an ass.'; Jesus Christwas therefore recognised by the waiting people as the longexpected Icing ; for when he came riding into Jerusalenl fromthe Mount of Olives, they shouted : " Blessed be the Kingthat cometh in the name of the Lord " ; and they spoke ofhim as the " Son of David."Yet, soon after all this demonstration, he was crucified ! Hisfaithful disciples were overwhelmed with grief, and were greatlyperplexed. They said : " We trusted that it had been he whichshould have redeemed Israel." But the risen Lord rebukedthem for their lack of perception :" 0 fools, and slow of heartto believe all that the prophets have spolien : ought not Christto have suffered these things, and to enter into his glory ? "I00Afterwards, when the disciples were accustomed to theappearing at intervals of their risen Master, whom they nowknew was no longer dead, but was greatly chailgecl (for he wasnow a spirit being, assuming fleshly bodies in which to appearto his followers and thus convince thein of his resurrectionfroin the dead), they enquired : " Lord, wilt thou at this titilerestore again the kingdom to Israel ? " But the Lord Jesushad previously declared, when he had wept over Jerusalemand pronounced their house desolate, that they should not seehim again until they said : " Blessed be he that cometh in thenaine of the Lord."They had, indeed, shouted these very words when they incthim riding into the city ; but Jesus did not accept this demonstrationas the fulfilment of the prophecy. He knew that thetiille was yet future when the people of Israel would, froin theirhearts, proclaim him as their King. In the meantitne, Jesushad said, " Jerusalem must be trodden down of the Gentiles,until the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled."TIze " Severt Times " Tlznt Passed Over ~'ebuchndne~ztcrThese times of the Gentiles, referred to by our Lord at hisfirst advent, coincide with the " seven times " of Israel's punishmentspoken of by Moses ; for Jerusalem began to be " troddendown of the Gentiles " when Nebuclladnezzar destroyed thecity and temple, and dethroned the last liing in 607 B.C.The punishment upon God's chosen people through the lossof their kingdom, was accentuated by the madness of the Gentilenations who held sway over them. This madness of the Gentilei~lling-powers was illustrated by " seven times " of madnesspassing over the head of Nebucliadnezzar, who was the firstking of the first of the Gentile universal empires (See Daniel,chapter 4). As seven literal years of madness happened toNebuchadnezzar the man, so seven symbolical years were topass over the head of the great symbolical irnagc, which, Danielc:xplained, represenled all the universal empires who woulds~~ccessively oppress the nation of Israel (See Daniel, chapter 2).N(.l)~~chadnezzar himself represented the head of gold in the:;yr~~l)olical image.I0 I

1914 a.u. was thc 1..'+~n! of the '3~'eve.l~ 2'inzes "With Nebnchadnezzar the seven tiines of niadness upon theGentile nations, and seven times of punishment upon Israel,began to run their course. l'rorn Autuinn of thc year 607 B.C.these seven times, or 2520 solar tropical years, elided inA~ltuill~i of tlie year 191'1 A.D. At this date 1914 AD., therefore,accordiirg to the prophetic Word, " He whose right it is"assumed his great power and began his reign, a spirit being,the invisible King of Israel, and of the whole world." Proclaim among the nations, ' The Lord reigneth ! "'" How beautiful upon the mountains [kingdoms] are the feetof hinl that bringeth good tidings, that publisheth peace, thatbiingeth good titlings of good, that publishetll salvation ; thatsaith unto Zion, ' Thy God reigneth ! ' " " All tlie ends of theearth shall see the salvation of our God."l'lze First Appearing of Israel's King was NecessaryThus, while Jehovah proclaimed through the mouth of hisprophet that his typical kingdom on earth would be overturneduntil he would come whose right it is to reign over Israel andthe world the birth into this world of that King 605 yearslater, or 1915 full years before the due time for him to assumehis Kingly power, was necessary.He required to establish his right to be King by provinghimself absolutely obedient in every particular to his heavenlyFather. He required, also, to purchase fallen mankind fromdeath through his own willing sacrificial death as a perfect man.The sacrificial death of the Man Christ Jesus was accomplishedwhen he was 333 years of age, in Spring of the year 33 A.D.We read : " In due ,time Christ died for the ungodly." We seetherefore that the very date for the ciucifixion had been fixedby Jehovah beforehaid.Froin tlie date of tlie detlironement of Judali's last king,607 KC., until the date when Jesus rode into Jerusaleirl and wasproclaimed as the promised King, 33 A.D., an interval of 638;years had elapsed. And from tlie date when the world'sSaviour was born into the world, and was spoken of as theI0 2" King of the Jews," z B.c., until the date of the elid of Gentiledoniinion over God's chosen people when the glorified Lordtook to himself his great power and began his reign as King,1914 AD., an interval of 1915 years ran its course. This longerperiod of 1915 years is equal to almost exactly three timesthe length of the shorter period. (6388 multiplied by 3equals 19154.)The Grent Pyramid's Precise Indication of theDates of our Lord's Eivst AdventIn Section VII, pages 61 to 64, we have shown how thedates of Christ's birth, baptism, and crucifixion are indicatedconnectedly at the upper end of the First Ascending Passage.As much depends on a clear understanding of this symbolicalindication, we thinlc it well to repeat the explanation in thisplace, expressing the points in other words.In the synlbolism of the Great Pyramid, the Queen's Chamberrepresents the perfect human life, as Adam had it before hisdisobedience lost it for him. The level, or plane, of humanperfection is therefore represented by the floor-level of theQueen's Chamber. The Man Christ Jesus is, figurativelyspeaking, pictured as being born on this plane of humanWhile born a perfect Man, Jesus was also born subject tothe Law of Moses, and in duty bound to observe this Law inevery detail. He was a perfect Israelite of the tribe of Judah,and he did always those things that pleased his heavenly Father.This fact of his birth under the Law, in addition to his birthas a perfect Man-child, is illustrated in a very convincing wayin the symbolical Great Pyramid : When we produce the lineof tlie Queen's Chamber floor-level northward, we find that itintersects the floor of the First Ascendiiig Passage near itsupper end. The floor of the Queen's Chamber is lower than thefloor of the major part of the Horizontal Passage which leadsto this cllair~ber. This depression in the chamber's floor is justthat exact amount, that the produced line of it crosses theFirst Ascending Passage floor 334 indies down from the upperend. That is, between the point where the two floor-lines cross103

each other, and the beginning of the Grand Gallery, which isalso the end of the First Ascending Passage, there is a floor-spaceof 334 inches (See the diagram on page 62).As the First Ascending Passage represents the Law Age ofthe nation of Israel, and as the level of the floor of the Queen'sChamber represents the plane of human perfection, we can easilysee that the particular point on the floor of the First AscendingPassage which is horizontally in alignment with the floor of theQueen's Chamber, very convincingly marks the date 2 B.c.,when the perfect Man Christ Jesus was born subject to theexacting requirements of the Law of Moses at the end of theLaw Dispensation. And the 334 inches between this precisepoint on the floor of the First Ascending Passage, and the upperend of that passage, clearly corresponds to the 33fr years of ourLord's earthly life. Therefore, the end of the First AscendingPassage marks the date of his sacrificial death on the cross,by which he redeemed the people of Israel froin under the curseoi' the Law, being made a cui-se for them, as it is written " Cursedis every one that hangeth on a tree " (See Galatians 3 : 12, 13).By voluntarily laying down his huinan life in sacrificc,Jesus Christ nailed the Law to his cross, and " made an endof the Law for righteousness to eveiy one that believeth."Those of the people of Israel who believed were not only freedfrom the Law, but were given the privilege of becoming " Sonsof God," that they might be joint-heirs with Christ in theKingdom. Just as the upper terminal of the First AscendingPassage marks the date of our Lord's death, so the beginning ofthe Grand Gallery represents his resurrection from the dead onthe third day. The lofty Grand Gallery symbolises the GospelAge which begail immediately after the Law Age ended at tllcdeath and resurrection of Jesus Christ. The faithful anlong thepeople of Israel passed from Moses to Christ ; and they arepictured ascending the Grand Gallery with Christ to theKingdom honours represented by the King's Chamber. Andbelieving Gentiles during the Gospel Age, after the majorityof the nation of Israel were cast off because of their unbelief,are also pictured as ascending with their Master to the heavenlyinheritance.For we read that the ent tiles were " made nigh by the blood104of Christ." Therefore, while at first the Gentiles are reprcsentedon the downward course of the Descending Passage," afar off " froin the cominonwealth of Israel, and not by natureheirs of the Kingdom-opportunities, yet the open Well-shaft,which symbolises in the Pyramid the ransom-sacrifice of Christ,provides a way of escape from the death condition, and asiopportunity through faith to reach the Grand-Gallery privileges(See Ephesians 2 : 11-18).The Dzrration of the Gospel AgeWhile the Well-shaft symbolises the grand central truth oftlie Scriptures, that Jesus Christ was " delivered for our offences,and was raised again for our justification," the actual date ofhis death and resurrection is clearly marked by the verticalline of the Grand Gallery north wall, close to the open mouthof the Well-shaft. (The situation of the Well's upper end isfixed by other important considerations ; and by other relatedtime-measurements this upper end marks the date of ourLord's sacrifice.)Just as the 334 inches at the upper terminal of the FirstAscending Passage corresponds to the 334 years of our Lord'searthly life as a perfect man under the Law, so the continuedmeasurement up the floor-line of the Grand Gallery correspondswith the years of the Gospel Age that followed the date of theresurrection of Christ. This floor-length of the Grand Galleryis practically 18816 Pyramid inches, a measurement definitelyestablished not only by the practical measurings of carefulworkers at the Pyramid, but fixed beyond any possibility ofdoubt as iriteiltional by the inany scientific proportions of thebuilding. Thus, 18814 years from the date, Spring of the year33 A.D. when our Lord died and rose-again, ends in Autumn ofthe year 1914 A.D.The upper floor-terminal of the Grand Gallery is, therefore,rgI5 inches from the point on the floor of the First AscendingPassage which inai-lrs the date of the birth of the " King of theJews " in Bethlehem. This floor-length of 1915 Pyramidinches corresponds with the period of 1915 solar tropical yearsfrom the birth of the Man Christ Jesus, to the eventful year105

1914 A.D., when he began his glorious reign of righteousness,the invisible King of earth. (The precise floor-length, accordingto the theoretical standard dimensions of the Pyramid, is onlyabout a 20th part of an inch more than the exact 1915,namely, 1915,0538 + Pyramid inches.)The King's Chamber syrnbolises the Kingdom of Christ, aswell as the Kingdom class who are joint-heirs with him, accordingto the promises of God ; for Jesus himself said : " Fear not,little flock, it is the Father's good pleasure to give you theIcingdom." The fact that the exact dimensions of the King'sCliamber are identified with the floor-measurement of 1915inches, corresponding to the 1915 years from the birth into thisworld of him whose right it is to take the Kingdom, and duringwhich his joint-heirs of the Kingdom have been called out fromthe world, is full of significance. We recall that the verticalheight of the level touched by the upper floor-terminal of theGrand Gallery above the floor-level of the Queen's Chamber,is equal to the sum of the King's Chamber's length, width, andheight, Q.E.D. Therefore, the King's Chamber itself, throughthe medium of this definitely measured-off section of the floorof the approaching passages, points to the year 1914 A.D. (Forthe details of this calculation see the companion book of thisseries : The Great Pyramid : Its Scientijic Feat~res.)In the Pyramid's symbolical language this correspondencyseems to say : " From the date when the world's Saviour wasborn into this world, and proclaimed ' King of the Jews,' 1915years must elapse before He with his spirit-begotten joint-heirsof the Gospel Age can rise sufficiently above earthly influences(as represented by the floor-level of the Queen's Chamber), andattain to the full measure of the spiritual I(ingd01n.The fact that the level of the floor of the King's Chamberis a few inches higher than the upper terminal of the GrandGallcry floor, represents that an interval must elapse between theassumption of Kingly power by Christ, and the glorification tothe spirit nature of the last of the members of his " Body."The few body-members who are " alive and remain " while theother members are already " caught up " to heavenly glorywith Christ, are called in the Scriptures " the feet of him."While still in the flesh, these feet members of Christ are doing106Kingdoirl work, in conjunction with their glorified Head.The late Charles T. Russell refers to this necessary part ofthe work of the Kingdom : " Several Scriptures show thatthere is a special work for the last members 01 the body to doon this side of the veil, as important and as essential a part ofKingdom work as that of the glorified rnembers on the otherside of the veil."In accordance with this Scripturally-supported belief, theLord's diligent children, thc " children of the Kingdom," havesince 1914 A.D. proclaimed, and still continue to proclaim, that" Millions now living will never die !" They proclaim with nouncertain voice that '"The Kingdom of Christ has now begun !"They proclaim that " The old world has ended ! " and that itcame to an end in Autumn of the year 1914 A.D.Charles T. Russell continues : " One by one the ' fcet 'class will pass from the present condition, in which, thouglioften weary and wounded, they are always rejoicing, to the otherside the veil ;-' changed ' in a moment, in the twinkling of aneye, from mortality to immortality, from weakness to power,from dishonour to glory, from human to heavenly conditions,from animal to spirit bohes. Their wo~k will not cease withthis change ; for all those who will be counted worthy of thatchange to glory will be already enlisted in the service of theKingdom on this side the veil ; only the weariness, the labourfeatures, will cease with the change-' They shall rest from theirlabour, but their works fo1lo.1 with them '-Revelation 14 : 13."" 'l'he mission of the feet, which is no insignificant part ofthe Kingdom work, will be accomplished. Though their messageis popularly hated and discredited and they are despised bythe world as fools (for Christ's sake), as all his faithful servantshave been throughout the Gospel Age, yet, before they all are' changed ' and joined to the glorified members beyond theveil, they, as agents of the Kingdom, will have left such recordsof that Kingdom and its present and future work as will be mostvaluable information to the world and to the undeveloped andover-charged children of God who, though consecrated to God,will have failed to so run as to obtain the prize of our highcalling." (See Studies in the Scriptuves, Vol. 111, pages 235-238.)

SECTION XI11TIIE " SEVEN TIMES " MEASURBRIENTGREAT PYRAMIDIN THESTILL further to emphasise the connectiori between theadvents of Jesus Christ as King, and the long intervalknown as the " seven times " of Gentile power, wefind that the Grand Gallery in the Great Pyramid shows, byone method of measuring it, this period of Gentile dominion,each inch in the measurement representing a year in history.The angle at which the floor of the Grand Gallery ascends,and the total floor-length are such, that the sum of the horizontallength, and the vertical height, of this passagc is equal to alittle over the round 2520 Pyramid inches. (The precise sumis about 2520i inches.)By this method, thercfore, while the actual floor-length ofthe Gallery agrees with the number of years between our Lord'sentry into Je~uaalem as King in fulfilment of the prophecy ofZechariah, and his assunlption of Kingly power at the close ofGentile dominion in r914 A.D., yet the angle of the floor'sascent makes it possible for the Gallery to also indicate thclonger period of the " seven times."By both incthods of measuring the Grand Gallery (i.e., thcdirect method along the floor, and the angular method) the upperfloor-trrnlinal marks the date 1914 AD., the date of Christ'ssecond advent as King over all the earth. " Of the increaseof his government and peace there shall be no end, upon thethrone of David, and upon his kingdom, to order it, and toestablish it with judgment and with justice from hencefortheven for ever." (See Isaiah g : 7, and Daniel 7 : 27.)There are several other time-measurelnents in the GreatPyramid which indicate the Scriptural period of " seven times,"or 2520 years.One of these terminates at the Pit, or Sub-108terranean Chamber, thus corroborating the Bible in its declarationthat troul~lorls tin~cq would attend the setting up of the 1Gngdom.This greal time of tronble upon the nations when their lease ofpower expires, is owing to the fact that thc " kingdoms of thisworld " will not lightly relinquish theil- dominion, held for SOlong. Satan, the " strong man," is struggling to retain his holdupon mankind, but the One who is stronger will ultimatelybind the great deceiver. The Subterranean Chamber veryfittingly symbolises the utter destruction of Satan's empire,which destruction began in 1914 A.D. as shown by the Scriptures,and corroborated by the Great Pyrarnid. (See Vol. I1 of GreatPyramid Passages.)

SECTION XIVI N the time-measurements we have noticed, the GreatPyramid clearly corroborates the duration and parallelismof the Jewish and Gospel Ages. The length of each ofthese Ages is proved from the Scriptures to be exactly 1845years, so that any date in the former has its parallel date in thelatter 1845 years afterwards. It is important to recognise that" time-parallels," to be of any value, must corrcspond in eventsas well as in dates.There are a number of striking parallels in the two Ageswhich help to confirm our understanding of the times andseasons. They correspond so closely that we cannot doubtthey were so arranged by our loving heavenly Father, that thefaith of his consecrated children might be strengthened in Him,and in His great Plan of the Ages.In the year 606 B.C. Nebuchadnezzar laid the holy landdesolate and took the Jewish king and nation captive toBabylon, where they remained till the first year of Cyrus king ofPersia, who, after the overthrow of the Babylonian kingdom,released the Jews from bondage, and at the same time issuedan edict allowing them to return to the site of Jerusalem torebuild the temple (2 Chron. 36 : 11-23). This was in 536 B.c.,70 years after the beginning of the Babylonian empire.Although Cyrus released the captive nation from the yokeof Babylon, this freedom was merely typical of the full libertywhich Fleshly Israel shall experience after the end of the"Times of the Gentiles," when the greater Cyrus, Christ, shallrelease it from the humiliating bondage of the kingdoms of thisworld, and from the oppression of the " god of this world,"Satan. This work of Christ, when finished, will be the completeantitypical fulfilment of the work of Cyrus ; but during theIT1

Gospel Age we can see a partial fulfilment in connection withSpiritual Israel, which was in bondage to the great apostatesystem of Papacy, denominated in the Scriptures " Babyloll thcGreat," because its whole ritual is founded upon the iniquitousreligious system of Ancient Rabylon (Rev. 17 : 3-6)."The Babylonish Captivity of the Papnc-y "" Rabylon the Great " was fully set up in power in 539 A.D.,having been gradually and stealthily assuming form even sincethe days of the Apostles (2 Thess. 2 : 7). But in 1309 A.D.,exactly 1845 years after the fall of the ancient typical Babylon,the power of antitypical Babylon the Great was brokem ; forin that year the Papal See.was transferred from Rome toAvignon in the south of France. This exodus of the centre ofthe Apostate Church from Rome, its seat of power (Rev. 17 : 9),is called in history " The Babylonish captivity of the Papacy,"owing to the fact that it remained in exile for a period of about70 years, during which time it was under the dictation of theking of France. In consequence of this humiliation and breakingof the power of Babylon the Great in 1309 A.D., the true Churchof God, the " Israelites indeed," who had been in bondage inthis idolatrous system for 770 years (1309 minus 539 =770)were released ; cven as the ITleshly Israelites had been similarlyreleased after their 70 years' bondage in typical Babylon of old.(See No. 7 on page 25).Rome Identi$ed with "Babylon the Great"Referring to the Scriptural name " Babylon the Grcat,"and its identification with Papal Rome, the Rev. AlexanderHislop says : " There never has been any difficulty in the mindof any enlightened Protestant in identifying the woman' sitting on seven mountains,' and having on her forehead thename written, ' Mystery, Babylon the Great ' with the Romanapostacy. No other city in the world has ever been celebrated "as the city of Rome has, for its situation on seven hills. Paganpoets and orators, who had no thought of elucidating prophecy,have alike characterised it as the ' seven-hilled city.'I12' Propertius speaks of it as ' The lofty city on seven hills,which governs the whole world ' (Lib. 111, Eleg. 9, p. 721).Its ' governing the whole world ' is just thc counterpart of theDivine statement--' wliicli reigneth over the kings of the earth '(Rev. 17 : 18). To call Rome thc city ' of the seven hills ' wasby its citizens held to be as descriptive as to call it by its ownproper name. Hence Horace speaks of it by reference to itsseven hills alone, when he addresses ' The gods, who have settheir affections on the seven hills ' (Carmen Seculare, Vol. VII,p. 497). Martial, in like manner, speaks of ' The sevendominating mountains ' (Lib. IV, Ep. 64, p. 254)." Now, while this characteristic of Rome has ever been we11marked and defined, it has always been easy to show that theChurch, which has its seat and headquarters on the seven hillsof Rome, might most appropriately be called ' Babylon,'inasmuch as it is the chief seat of idolatry under the newTestament, as the ancient Babylon was the chief seat of idolatryunder the old. It has been known all along that Popery wasbaptised Paganism ; but ~od'is now making it manifest thatthe Paganism which Rome has baptised is, in all its essentialelements, the vevy Paganism which prcvailed in the ancientliteral Babylon, when Jehovah opened before Cyrus the twoleavedgates of brass, and cut in sunder t11c bars of iron "(The Two Babylons).The Beginning of the Decline of" Babylon the Great "Just as after its subjection in Babylon for the iyfiical periodof 70 years, the Jewish nation was allowed to return to Jerusalemin order that other features of the Lord's great Plan might bcworked out ; so " Babylon the Great," which is to be finallydestroyed at the end of the Gospel Age, was allowed to regaina large measure of its power after the end of its typical periodof 70 years humiliation in Avignon. Nevertheless, the Reformationmovement gained a decided footing in 1309 A.D. ; andhistorians of the Middle Ages tell us that our study of thehistory of the Reformation must begin with Avignon.Up to that time the head of Papacy had sway over the world,HZ 113

eing virtually " lting of kings," and " lord of lords." BonifaceVIII had been installrd in oflicc in 1295 A.D. He was morearrogant than any previous pope ; and it was this arrog:lnccwhich led to l'apacy's bnmiliation. When the great apostateChurch was at the summit of its power, in the very middle ofthe Papal millennia1 reign (See No. 5, page 24)) he issued thefamous bull called " Unam Sanctam," in which he claimed notonly temporal and spiritual authority, but further, that no mancould get eternal salvation except by his sanction.The king of France, Philip the Fair, was sufficicntlyenlightened to see the emptiness of this n~onstrous claim, andhe repudiated the bull and was in consequence excommunicated.Philip then did something which had never before been attemptedduring the period of Papal supremacy-he made the popeprisoner, just as Napoleon did about five hundred years later.Boniface, being an aged man, died from the indignities andinjuries received. Ilis successor died within a year. FinallpClement V, who had sold himself to the king of France, wasappointed ; but he was afraid to live in Rome. Being the vassalof the French l;ii~g he transferred the Papal See to Avignon,in 1309 A.D., and there began the " Babylollis11 Captivity of tliePapacy."Seven popes in succession ruled in Avignon till 1378 A.D. ;and as they were all under the dominion of Franc?, the otherkingdoms of Britain, Germany, Switzerland, etc., refused tohave the pope act as their umpire and arbitrator as formerly,ltnowing that his dccisions would be the dictates of Philip. Itis thus plainly evident that the imiversal power of " Babylonthe Great " was broken in I309 A.D. ; and the captive SpiritualIsraelites were allowed freedom to lay the foundations of theRefonned Church-the Spiritual Temple.Marsiglio, the "Morning Star of the Reformation"But only the foundations of the Spiritual Temple of theReformation were laid in 1309 A.D., just as at the parallel datein the Jewish Age, 536 B.c., only the foundations of the House ofthe Lord were then laid. In both cases enemies stopped theWork. It was not until 521-517 B.C. that tlie material temple114was completed in the Jewish Age ; and in the parallcl Crosl~~lAge it was not until the corresponding years, 1324-1328 A.I).,that the Spiritual Temple was bililt by Marsiglio, who is solnctimescalIcd " the inorning star of the Reformation."Marsiglio was the author of a book, which, when we considerthe grossly superstitious day in which it was written, is a trulywonderful production. In this publication, issued in I324 A.D.,he advocated Republicanism, contending that there should beno kings ; and that there ought not to be any division betweenclergy &nd laity. That the Church should have nothing whateverto do with temporal affairs, and should own no property. Heclaimed that Saint Peter never had been in Rome, but that evenif it could be proved he had been there, it was certain he hadnot founded the Papal Church ; and in any case the holding ofthe " keys " merely constituted Peter the turn-key, and notthe Judge. Christ was the Judge ; and the people had theright of freedom of conscience.By these and many other telling points Marsiglio undoubtedlybuilt the Temple of the Reformation. He forged the boltswhich were effectively used by succeeding Reformers. Hisgreat anlbition was to establish Republicanism, but he realisedthat it could not hold in this early day, for the mass of thepeople had yet too much reverence for the Divine right of kingsand clergy. Only the true Spiritual Israelites experienced theirfreedom of conscience consequent upon the breaking of the powerof Babylon the Great.Marsiglio recognised that the Church should be in subjectionto the Gentile powers, and not lord over them, andtherefore he aimed at pulling down the Papal supremacy. Withthis object in view he sought for some king whom he mightappoint as Emperor of the West, in imitation of Charles theGreat, who would be superior to the pope and thus make thesecidnr power supreme. In the year 1326 A.D., two years afterthe publication of his epoch-making book, he found what hewanted. King Louis of Bavaria was then quarrelling with thepope in Avignon, and Marsiglio took advantage of this quarrel,which was insignificent in itself, to forward his daring scheme.With a band of enthusiastic followers he approached KingT,onis and explained his project. Louis was well pleased with115

the proposal, and accompanied the hand to Rome. The peopleof Romc readily received the king, being angered at the pope'sresidence in Avignon. So long as tlie Papal Scc was in ilrignon,Rome was ncglectcd ; tl~c pcoplc of ot1ic.r countries, with theirmoney, were now all diverted to Avignon where the pope heldhis court. The prospect of having the Papal See restored toRomc great!y pleased the inhabitants, and king Lonis wasreceived with acclamation.In the year 1328 AD. Louis was crowned Emperor of thcWest. This was the summit of Marsiglio's reforming work ;in that very year he clied ; and Louis, who was a man of littleability and full of superstition, being now deprived of his clevercounsellor, abandoned his post and fled from Rome. The workof Marsiglio was thus finished in four years, just as the workon the material temple In the Jewish Age was completed inabout four years. But as the temple, built in four years, wasused forethe purpose for which it was erected ; so the four years'work of Marsiglio was used for its special purpose, namely, theorganisation of the great Reformation of the Gospel Age.Wycliffe and the " Great Pn$nl Scltis~?t "The tenlple being now ready it was necessary to replace init the holy vessels, that the House of God might be used inaccordance with the law. This important phase of the Reformationin the Jewish Age was accomplished under the leadershipof Ezra, who, in the 7th year of Artaxerxes, Spring of468 e.c.,* left Babylon and restored the vessels to the temple(Ezra 7 : 6-). We read, also, that Ezra was well informed inthe Law of the Lord, and that he instructed the pcople, whowere from all the twelve tribes of Israel (Ezra 6 : 17 ; 8 : z5),and did a great cleansing work among them.The parallel year in the Gospel Age is 1378 A.D., a veryprominent date in the history of the Church Reformation period,*Artaxerxes began to reign in the year 474 B.C. His $11 year wouldtherefore be 468 B.c., and his 20th year 455 B.C. See Section LIX inVol. I1 of Great Pyramid Passages, which deals with the proofs thatestablish the date 455 R.C. for Artaxerxes' 20th year.116It was in 1378 A.D. that the great lZcforn~er Wycliffe left Babylollthe Great, and restored to the true Spiritual Temple class inanyprecious truths and doctrines which had for long been misappropriatedand hidden in the idolatrous Papal system.On the 27th of 'March in the Spring-time of the year 1378A.D., which was 1845 years after Ezra left Babylon with thevessels for the material temple, the pope in Avignor, died ; andimmediately there arose what is historically known as the" Great Papal Schism." The people of Rome determined toput an end to the Papal exile, .and appointed a pope in Romeas in former times. The king of France, of course, did not wantto lose his power over the Papacy, and he appointed anotherin Avignon, so that there were now two popes in office. Thesepopes naturally quarrelled, each claiming that he was the truevicar of Christ. They called one another blasphenlous names,cach accusing the other of being the Antichrist (and in this, atleast, both were correct).Wl~erl the Schism took place Wycliffe's eyes were opened tot l true ~ Babylonish character of the Papacy, and he came outas the great Doctrinal Reformer. It was not long before hesaw that the doctrine of transubstantiation was false. Thiserror takes away the true doctrine of the Ransom-sacrifice ofour Lord Jesus Christ. When Wycliffe fully realised this hebegan to instruct the Temple class; and pointed out to themthe pure Scriptural teaching on this question. He showed theinhow Jesus Christ died for sin once and for all, and that thereforesacrifices of the Mass were not only unnecessary, but blasphemous.By teaching the Temple class the truth Wycliffe'scleansing and reforming work was in exact correspoiidence withthe work of Ezra, the great Reformer of the Jewish Age.The Reformatio~z Work of Huss was Secularas well as S$iritualIt was 13 years after Ezra left Babylon that the next phaseof the Jewish Reformation took placc. Nehemiah theii receivedhis comniission to rebuild the malls of Jerusalem (Neh. 2), andat the end of the 6th month of that year the walls were finished(Neh. 6 : 15), and tllere began the period of " 69 weeks," or117

483 years, to the corning of the Messiah (Dan. 9 : 25). In thiswork of building the walls of Jerusalem Nehemiah buttressedup the national system of the Fleshly House of Israel. So,also, 13 years after Wycliffe left Babylon the Great, tlle liefornlerJohn Huss of Bohemia received his coinmission to buttress theReformation walls of Spiritual Jerusalem (liev. 21 : 2) ; forthe work of Huss made the lieformation nlovement of the GospelAge a national force, and thus helped to protect the trueSpiritual Israelites.Though it was in the early years of the 15th century up tillliis martyrdom in I415 A.D., that Huss attracted general notice,yet it was in 1391 A.D., exactly 1845 years after Nehemiah, thathe might be said to have received his commission to rebuild thewalls of Spiritual Jerusalem ; for it was in that year that Hussbecame acquainted with the works of Wycliffe. ProfessorLodge, in his Close of the Middle Ages, page 207, says : " Thesystematic teaching of Huss was for the most part derived fromthe great English teacher, John Wycliffe. It is important toremember that the Hussite movement had a secular as well asan ecclesiastical side."In Burnet's History oi the I\'eforwzation, page 9, we read :" Before the end of the 14th century Wyclii'le had extended hisline of attack to some of the special doctrines of the Westerntheology : but the movement which he began, though its effectswere evanescent in his own country, became in the hands ofmore stimulating advocates [of whom Huss was the leader] agenuine national force in Bohemia." " Huss condemnedPapacy's worldliness, its right of secular possessions, and objectedto the supremacy of the pope. The Bible, according to him,ought to be tlie sole rule ol iaill~." (See Europe igt the MiddleAges, page 539, by Thatcl-ier and Schwill).The Inrefztion 01 Printing, and the Revival of LearningBy the foregoing it is evident that there was a similarity inthe reform work of Nehemiah and Huss, and as both had anational as well as a religious aspect they each formed a goodstarting-point for the " 70 weeks " mentioned by Daniel(Dan. 9 : 24, 35. See diagram oil page 110). This period of118f-70 weelis is stated as 7 weeks, and 62 weelis, and I week. Wemay not know the exact reason for this peculiar division, butwe desire to draw attention to the fact that the 7 weeks, or 40years, point to 405 B.c., about the time of Malachi the prophet,wlio did a reforming work by exposing thc abuses of his day.In tlie Gospel Age the 7 weeks bring us to the parallel datcI440 A.D., the time of the invention of printing, which did almostmore than anything else to carry on the great work of theReformation. Referring to this factor in the Reformationmovement, Archbishop Trench in Adediaval Church History,page 423, says : " Then while abuses were never rifer, while thelives of the clergy were never fuller of scandal, while thc Papalcourt was never more venal, nor could less endure the beatingupon it of that fierce light which leaves nothing hid,-theinvention of printing (1440) multiplied a thousandfold everyvoice which was raised to proclaim an abuse or to denounce acorruption. And marching hand in hand with this wonderousinvention there was the Rcvival of Learning."The Condition of the Religious World at the First atzd SecolzdAdvevtts of Jcszts CliristThen followed the period of 6z weelis to the coming ofJesus the Messiah in Autumn 29 A.D. This period of the JewishAge is Scripturally a blank, for the historical canon of ttle OldTestament ends with Ezra and Nehemiah, and the propheticbooks with Ma.lachi. Nevertheless we know that toward theend of that period a distinct falling away in the spirit of theReformation had occurred, and that the Fleshly House of Israelhad divided broadly into two parties, one, the Pharisees,holding to the traditions of the elders, and binding themselvesfaster and faster in those traditions.The other party, the Saducees, were free-thinkers, doubtingand criticising the Bible ; they denied the resurrection, andbegan to interfere more in the world's politics. Thus when in" due time " the Messiah came to his own, we read that his ownreceived him not (John I : 11-13). TO the small remnant whodid receive him was given the wonderful privilege of beconling" Sons of God."119

During the correspontling pcriod of 62 weeks in the GospelAge, from I440 to 1874 A.D., a similar ino\~en~ent took place inNominal Spiritual Israel, misnamed Christendom. At first thegood work of reform went on, but toward the end the reformir~gspirit grew less, and during this interval two general partieswerc originated. One party held to the Bible, saying that theybclicvcd every word of it, though what they really held to wasthe traditions and creeds of the Dark Ages. Thz other party,tlle free-thinkers, began to criticise the Biblc, disbelieving greatportions of it, and dabbling in the politics of the kingdoms ofthis world.Eve11 as thc twu parties at the end of the Jewish Agccontinued after our Lord's first Advent until the great troublein the year 70 A.D. destroyed the nation ; so we have the twomain parties with us to-day, the one binding themselves morcfirmly in the traditions of the 1;athers (these are the " tares ") ;while the other is going illore and more into open infidelity(these are the higher critics, evolutionists, etc.).The result of the falling away from the spirit of theReformation was that, when our Lord camc again at his secondAdvent in 1874 AD., his own received him not; but again,those few who have received him have had the blessed privilcgcof becoming Sons of God, and hope soon to bc all joined withChrist in spiritual glory.SECTION XVwHEN Jesus Christ ascended to the Father forty daysafter his resurrection, the Scriptures declare that he" sat down " at the right hand of the majesty onIiigh, waiting till his enemies should be made his footstool(Heb. I : 3 ; 10 : 12, 13). The Apostle Peter, speaking to theassembled people, said : " And he [Jehovah] shall send JesusChrist, which before was preached unto you : whom the heavenmust retain until the times of restitution of all things " (Acts3 : 20, 21). The return of our Lord was therefore fixed byJehovah to take place at the beginning of the great Jubilee ofearth, or the " times of restitution."According to the time-prophecies and parallel Dispensations,this second Advent of Jesus Christ began in Autumn 1874 A.D.,cxactly 1845 years after his first Advent when he came as theMessiah at Jordan (See No. 8, page 25). Thc prophet Daniel,who foretold the first Advent of Messiah (Dan. 9 : 24-27), alsoforetold his second Advent in these words : (' At that time shallMichael stand up, the great prince which standeth for thechildren of thy people " (Dan. 12 : I). Michael, or Christ, thegreat Prince of Israel, who " sat down " at the right hand ofJehovah till the time when he should be " sent " to put intooperation the work of restitution, was thus to " stand up " onbehalf of his people and delivcr them from bondage, and gatherthem into their own land.At that time, also according to Daniel's prophecy, the resurrectionwas due to begin, for " illany of them that sleep in thedust of the earth shall awaltc " (Dan. 12 : 2), every man in hisown order, Christ's rnenlbcrs being the firstfr~uts (I Cor. I5 : 23 ;James I : 18). It shall be shown later how the resurrection of thei~icnlbers of the " body " of Christ is indicated in the Yyranlid.121

The prophet David lilcewise foretold of Cl~risl's coining asthe great King (Psa. 132 : 11 ; Luke I : 31-33) ; and Moses ofhis coming as the great Prophet (Lleut. IS : 15 ; Acts 3 : 20-22) ;but from the very beginning of their Age the people 01Israel expectantly looked forward to the coming of the world'sSaviour under the name of Shiloh.Drirw,~ b~ h7. Vnve/ianThe Step at the Hcad of the Grand Gallery of the Great Pyramid of Gitcli ;showing the Ramps termirrnting against tts n 7 1 th front ; and the lowpassage leading horizor~tally southward to the Ante-ChamberWhen on his death-bed, Jacob called to him his twelvesons and gave utterance to a prophecy regarding each. Themost important is that which relates to Judah : " The sceptreshall not depart from Judah, nor a law-giver from between hisfeet, until Slliloli come ; and unto liilli shall the gathering of122the people be " (Gen. 49 : 10). 'l'hus, f1.om the time of Jacob'sdeath onward, God's faithful people in both Jewish and GospelAges liave been anxiously looking forward to the Advent oftliis great Peace-maker and Deliverer.He did come, indeed, at the encl of the Age of Israel, butthe purpose of this first Advent was not for the " gatliering ofthe people." It was for the preliminary work of purchasingthe fallen race of mankind who had been condemned in Adam(Roni. 5 : 12, 18), by paying the ransom or corresponding pricefor Adam, a man's life for a man's life. It will be rememberedthat after his crucifixion, Christ's disciples expressed disappointrnentat the apparent frustration of all their hopes. (Luke24 : 21). It was not until after they received the HolySpirit that they understood how God, in his great Plan of theAges, had arranged beforehand that a certain company, the" Ante-Chamber " class, must first be selected out of the world,polished and made worthy to be associated with their Lord indelivering the people, before the kingdonl of Israel could berestored.These, the prospective meinhers of the Bride of Christ, havealso been eagerly looking forv~ard to thc promised coming ofShiloh ; and now they lcnow that he has arrived. They donot see liim with their natiural eyes ; they were expressly warnednot to expcct to see him in the flesh (Matt. 24 : 23-27). It is,with the eyes of their understanding that they discern him ;for the Lord was " put to death in the flesh but quickened[brought to life] in the Spirit " (I Pet. 3 : 18, 1c.v.). He is nowa Spirit, not discernible by any but the spiritual, those begottenof the Holy Spirit. By their study of the timc-prophecies inthe Bible, conlparing spiritual things with spiritual (I Cor.2 : 13-15), tliese spirit-begotten ones can clearly see that tllcLord has been present since Autumn 1874 A.D. (See Stzhdies illthe Scri$l~~res, Vol. 11, pages 187-190).This date 1874 A.D. when Jesus Christ was due to " standup " to assume Kingly control, is indicated by the line of thenorth wall of the syn\bolical King's Cllanlbcr in the followingway : Taking thc " l'oint of Intcrscction," where the FirstAscending Passage leaties tlie Descending Passa.ge, as markingtlie date when the twelve sons of Jacob fomlded the twelve223'

tribes of Israel (Gen. 49 : zS), thus setting apart a people wholooked forward to the coming of Shiloh according to promisc, andmeasuring from this point up the floors of the First AscendingPassage and Grand Gallery to the front of the Step, and thenfrom the north edge of the Step to the north wall or entranceof thc liing's Chamber, it will be found that the Icing's Chamberindicates tl~e date of the Second Advent of Jesus Christ, 1874 A.U.(The actual Pyramid-inch measurement, as indicated in thcdiagram, is 3687 -105 +. This corresponds to the period of3687 years from Jacob's death in 1813 KC., to 1874 A.D., takingthese two dates as whole numbers.)Since Christ's return in 1874 he has been engaged as Chieflicaper in the harvest work of gathering the whcat (thc saints)into the garner, and binding the tares (professing Christians), inbundles ready to be burned as tares, i.~., to be inanifested asnot true Cllristians. Soon Satan will be coinpletely bound,and the kingdoms of this world coixyletely overthrown in thegreat time of trouble which began as foretold in 1914 A.D. ;and Christ's reign will eventually bring in everlasting peace.SECTION XVITHE election of the members of Christ began after thedeath and resurrection of Jesus, and not before ; forJesus himself, referring to John the Baptist, said thatthough there were none greater born of woman, nevertheless theleast in the Kingdom of heaven would be greater than John( a t IT : I ). This was because John the Baptist died beforethe inauguration of the Church at Pentecost. Stephen themartyr was tlie first member of the " body " to lay down hislife ; and thenceforward throughout the Gospel Age one memberafter another fell asleep in death, waiting for their resurrectionat the return of Jesus Christ their " Head."This is the class who, up to the time of their death, have allbeen taught of God in the " School of Christ," represented inthe Pyrarnid by the Ante-Chamber (John 6 : 44, 45). Theymight be termed the " Ante-Chamber " class ; and we think itproper to expect that the date of their resurrection, when theywere due to be ushered into the presence of their " Forerunner,"should be indicated by the extreme south end-wall of thischamber. On calculation it will be found that this is so. Onrstudy of the time-prophecies in the Bible has revealed the factthat the date of this important event was Spring 1878 A.D.According to Jeremiah (16 : 18), Zechariah (g : g, IZ), andIsaiah (40 : 2, n~argin), the Gospel Age is the " double " of theJewish Age (See No. 6, page 25), that is to say, the period duringwhich the nation of Israel was cast off as a people from God'sfavour, exactly equalled in length the period when they enjoyedthis favour.Each of these Ages began on the death of its founder. Onthe death of Jacob (Israel) the founder of the Fleshly house of125

Israel, the Patriarchal Age ended and the Age of Israel began(Ccn. 49 : 2, 28, 29) ; and on the death of Christ the founder ofihc Spiritu~liou5c of 151ae1, (;ad's favo~u- was withclra~vn froilltlic l'lcshly housc and givrn to ilrc Spirilnal honse.Tlie Scriptural proof that the " cloublc " of disfavouir to theFleshly house oi Israel began at the death of Christ is clear.was due to begin, was that on which our 1.ord rode intoJcrusalcm sealccl on an ass- coinparc Zccli. 9 : 9 with Luke19 : 28-44, and notc the piopl~ccy of Ihc " shout," and ourLord's reference to it in the 40th verse in Luke's gospel-thusparticularly must prophecy be fulfilled.7 he t111er1ty one rnch qpace beheen !he norlh (left) wall, and the Sranile Leaf(right), in the Anle-Chamber of the Greal Pyramid of Sizeh ;showing the first granile floor-done to the rightIt was five days before his crucifixion that Jesus, wceping overJerusalem, pronounced the sentence : " Behold, your house isleft unto you desolate " (Matt. 23 : 35). Tllere is additionallythc testimoily of Zechariah (9 : 12)-" Evcn to-day do I declarethat 1 will render doublp unto thce." The context of thisprophecy shows that the " day " referred to, when the " double "I 26Tlle soulh wall of /he Anle-Chamber in the G'reat Pyrnmid of Gizeh ; showing111.5 four deep grooves which divide /he wall info fiue equal spoc~s:also /he low pasiage which leads southward lo /he King's ChamberAs Jacob's death occurred in Spring 1813 B.C. (Sec. 11) andChrist's death in Spring 33 A.D., the total duration of the JewishAge, the period of God's favour to the Fleshly house of Israel,was exactly 1845 years. Accordingly, the " double " of disfavour,beginning in Spring of 33 A.D. must have ended in1878 A.D., 1845 years later. It was in that year, at the famous127

Rerlirc Corcgress nf Nations, in which a Jew, Lord Beaconsfield,took the leading part, that the condition of the Hebrews thenresiding in I'alestiue was greatly anleliorntcd.But each of these dates, 33 and 1878 &.I>., was signalised byan event of even greater importance than the loss and returnof favour to Fleshly Israel. The first witnessed the resurrectionof the Lord Jesus, the Head of the Christ, and the othcr theresurrection of the sleeping saints, the Body of Christ. Thelast members of the Church who. are alive and remain on theearth during the short period since 1878, carry out their vow ofconsecration unto death ; but, unlike those who died in theLord prior to 1878, they will not have any interval of unconsciousnessor sleel, ; the momei-it of their death will be themoment of their resurrection change.This is the class referred to by Pat11 when he declared :" Behold, I show you a mystery [secret] ; We shall not all sleep[lie unconscious in death], but we shall all be changed, in amoment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump "(I Cor. 15 : 51, 52). The last or seventh trump is the proclamationof the tidings of the Lord's return. John the Rcvelatoralso wrote of this class and called them blessed. Describingthe time when the Gospel harvest would begin, he stated:" Rlcssed are thc dead which die in the Lord fvam henceforth ;Yea, saith the Spirit, that they may rest from their laboms,and their works do follow them " (Rev. 14 : 13).Seeing, therefore, that it is by the calculation of the " double "that the date of the resurrectioli of tl~e r~lernbers of C111.ist'sBody is made known, the south wall of the Ante-Chamberwhich marks this ,date should, properly, be the end of a timemeasurementindicating the " double." The Ante-Chamberclass are those who, through their faith in the Lord Jesus Christ,fulfil the Divine Law of God, as the Apostle says : " That therightcousncss of thc law ntight be fz~lfilled in zts, who walk notafter the flesh [as did the Jews], bt~t after the Spirit," that is,those who having been begotten to the spirit nature, mind thethings of the Spirit (Rom. 8 : 4).Now, as the express symbol of the Law of God in the GreatPyramid is the Granite Plug, we could not suggest a moreappropriate starting-point than this for the particular time-128mmsnren1cnt now nndcr consi~lm-,rtion. T ~III~, ac- in thc fornlrrcase where the Grdnite l'lug recluired to Iji. recognivxl wl~cncalculating the time-period of the Law Dispensation, dnringwhich the Fleshly Israelites endeavoured to gain life by theworks of the TAW kvitho~it faith, so he~e also, whcn dealingwith the Spiritual I\raelitrs who, without works, establish thisLaw through faith in Cllri\I during 1;leshly Israel's " double "of disfavom (Rorn. 3 . 28-31), we require to take the Pyramid'ssymbol of the Divine Law Into accountCommencing at the lower 01 1101th end of the Granite Plug,and nleas~iiing up along thc floors ol tlie Firit AscendingI'assage and Grand Gallery to the Step, thcn Irom the nortlledge of the Step into the soutl~ end-wall of the Ante-Chamber,11 will 1~ founcl, after adding to this n~easure~nent the lcngthof the Granite 1'111g itself (as in Section VIII), that tl~c. totalnnn1ht.r of Pyranlicl inches corresponds to thr. period of years ofthe Jewish Age ar~d its " double." (As thr Age oS T\rael was~845 years, as shown in No 6, page 25, tl~c (' I)or~ble " is nlso1845 years, innking a total of 3690 gears. The total number olPyramid inches in the measmt.men t hr~ e euplained, and asshown in t h diagram, ~ i~ 3690.122 t )J'IZQ

The Ante-Clzan2,ber and the 144,000 OvercomersThe final part of the above-mentioned total Pyramid-inchmeasul-e~nent, is the horizontal distance from the front, north,edge of the Step southward to the south wall of the Ante-Chamber. In t11e diagram this hori~ontal distance is given as229.198 + inches, which we tabc to be tl~c standard n~easllrefor this section of tllc buildillg. Within I~rnits, however, othermeasures are possiblc. Taking a n~easure which is less than a60th part of an inch short of the standard, uc find, by a recognisedPyramid proportion, a signal confirmation of thc symbolicalmeaning attached to the l~ttle Ante-Chamber.The number of those who " follow the Lamb whithersoeverhe goeth " is said by thc Revelator to be 144,000 (See Rev.I4 : 1-4). As the Ante-Chamber class, instructed in the Schoolof Christ, the 144,000 overcomers of the Gospel Age are " sealed "in their foreheads with the necessary knowledge to enable themto co-operate with their Lord and Master in the Kingdom work(Rev. 7 : 3, 4). They were called to joint-heirship with God'sdear Son during the Gospel Age, represented in the Pyramid bythe Grand Gallery. But before they could bc sealed in theirforeheads with the full intellectual knowledge rcquired to servetheir heavenly Father acceptably, they had to bow downsubmissively to the Divine will, as illustrated in the Ante-Chamber by the Granite Leaf, under which one must bow beforethe full freedom of the Ante-Chamber can be enjoyed. (See thecompanion book : The Great Pymnzid : Its Spiritz~al Symbolism.)Therefore, in view of the symbolical meaning of all of thispart of the Great Pyramid, it may be said that the entirellorizontal floor-line from the north edge of thc Step at the headof the Grand Gallery, into the south end of the Ante-Chamber,pertains to, and represents, the 144,000 followers of Christ. Itis confirmatory to find that the number of Pyramirl inches inthis horizontal line indicates, by a proportionate method ofcalculation characteristic of the Pyramid, the actual number ofthe overcomers. For if we take an even IOO times this measurein inches as representing the mdius of n circle, we shall find thatthe length of the circumference of the circle is precisely 144,000inchcs. (The horizontal distance in this case is 229~183~18 k .)SECTION XVIITHAT the Grand Gallery represents the " walk " of thespirit-begotten of the Gospel Age, that is, the 144,000overcomers who " follow the Lamb whithersoeverhe goeth " (See Revelation 14 : I-5), is borne out by thesymmetrical proportion in which the special angle of theascension of this passage's floor-line is particularly recognised.The factor in this feature, which makes possible theindication of the number 144,000, is the number 6. Just as 10is the complete number, 7 the perfect number, 5 the Pyramid'ssacred number, 4 the square number, so the number 6 alsohas its symbolical significance, namely, imperfection, whenit pertains to man in his fallen state.But the number 6, from another standpoint, also denotesthe Word of God ; for the measuring " reed " spoken of inEzekiel and Revelation, 6 cubits long, by which the temple ofGod was measured, is known to symbolise the Scriptures, thestandard by which the " temple " class, or the people of God,are measured. But even in this symbolical meaning the number6 pertains to man, because the Word of God was written byholy men of old, called holy because of their faith in God, whowere moved by the Holy Spirit ; and it was written on behalfof fallen men. Tl~e body-members of Christ, the 144,000 whoovercome the world and the flesh by the Word of God, were,as the Apostle declares, " children of wrath even as others."When Nebuchadnezzar set up his golden image in the plainol Uura, which image is understood to have been a represcniationof the great image of a man seen by him in his dream(Daniel z : 31 ; 3 : I), he chose for its height 60 cubits, and itsI>re:~dth 6 cubits. .4nd in the Book of Revelation, the " number01' :I ilran " spoken of in the 18th chapter is Goo, plus 60, plus 6.M.111, :~c.c,o~,tling to the commandment of the Lord, was to1.31

" lshoiir " for 6 tlnys ant1 rest the 71:11. The land of Israel wasto l)c tillcd ;mtl lrwvcsted for man's nse din-illg 6 years, ant\ torest tllc 7th. For 6000 years ruatiltind has 1a.boured under sinand ctegradation, waiting for thc advent of their Saviour- aridKing in t11e 7th 1000-YFAT ~triod.l.n a.scendirlg ihc sl~r-p Hoor of Ihr Grant1 Ciallrry, spealcingirl, a figl.~r;iti ~ 6 stII:;r, : the :;pi1 it-11rgot fen prop]' iiri-rc.oliletile wenlincsses of i:lw flesh, rind llecolne gradually more liketheir 1,oril antl hlastcr Jesus Cllrist. 1t is through ttie sacrificeof their hnn~anity, walking in tl~r fool.stt:ps of their forcrnunrr,illat they ultimately attain Ill(: spirit: r-~nl-ure, and inherit tl-I?'IGngdom wi tl-I Chist.In the Great Pyra~ni

the supervision of C:hrist, complete govel-ning power in theKingdom, each having his own part to do (Lultc 19 : 10-19).find that tile cliagonal of this square inclicatcs the 1915-ycarperiod betwcen the birth of Christ, and tllc year 1q14 A.U. Forthe length of this diagonal is, practically, 1915 inches. (Thcprecise length is 1914.92" + inches.)This diagonal-length agrees very closely with the floorlengthbetwcen the point on thc floor of t h ~ First AscendingPassage that inarks the ddte of Christ's birth, 2 B.c., and thcupper floor-end of the Grand Gallery wh~ch marks the dateDiagram Illustrating the Geometrical, and Mathematical,Connection between the Numbers144,000 and 1 9 1 5Area of the Circle = 144,000 x 1 0Diameter of the Circle,i.c.. Side-Length of the Square= 1345.0550t-Diagonal of the Square = 19 14.9229 t ( Practically 191 5 )A 19 15-Year IndicationFurthermore, if the diameter of the above-mentioned circlebe regarded as the side-length of a square (that is, a square,each side of which is exactly 1354.0550 4 inches in length), weI34I914 A.D.Therefore there is, by this proportionate featurc, adirect connection between the area of the circle that reprcscntsthe 144,000 overcomers, and the floor-length terminating at theupper end of the Grand Gallery which is 1915 inch-years. Forwhile the precise standard length of this inclincd floor-line is,as already shown, 1915.0538 + inches, and the length of thediagonal spoken of is 1914.92" -+ , the differerlcc is only aboutan 8th of an inch, and therefore thc slightly shorter lengthis well within the limits of the practical measures sf this floor.135

Consistently with all that has been written regarding thecompleting of the membership of the body of Christ, the " feet "inembers still doing their necessary part while still in the flesh,and the beginning of Christ's reign over earth since 1914 a.1).when, legally, the rulership of the kingdoms of this world terminated,and therefore sincc which date the Kingship of theworld has passcd fi-om their hands to the Christ, as we read :" And there were voices in heaven saying, ' The kingdom of thisworld is becoine the kingdom of our Lord, and of his Christ ;and he shall reign for cver and ever ' " (Revelation II : 15),we find still another convincing feature in the Great Pyramidwhich indicates the nunlber of the 144,000 with the period of the" Seven Timcs " which ended in 1914 A.D. For before He whoscright it is could take to himself his Kingdom-rule, the lease ofpower to the lringdoms of this world had to run its coursc,that is, the complete period of the " seven times of the Gentiles,"the 2520 years from 606 B.C. to 1914 A.D., had to be accomplished.Besides recognising the number of the 144,000, and thenumber of years in the times of the Gentiles, 2520, the proportionatefeature we now present also recognises the two levelsin the Pyramid which symbolise the human and spirit natures,namely, the floor-levels of thc Quccn's and Icing's Chambers.As we have noted, the 144,000 required to leave the humannature before they could attain to the high spirit nature.The ~roportion is connected with a rectangle, thc four sidesof which are : the two floor-levels referred tv, and the twovertical lincs of the north and south walls of the Grand Gallery.That is to say, the lines of the two end-walls of the Gallerywhere they touch the floor of that passage, are produced upwardand downward vertically, till they rca-c'h the produced floorlevelsof the Icing's and Queen's Chambers. The length of thisdefinitely-indicated rectangle is, therefore, equal to the horizonta.1length of the Graiid (.;allery, that is, 1686.7882 I-Pyramid inches. 'The height is equal to the vcrtical distallcebetween the two floor-lines of the two chambers, already statedto be 855.2032 i- Pyramid inches.With this length and height, the area of the rectangle is1364jpage 197, etkt nth naae)a fsah Lap, B- 5th f rf3a feat a %QP 7 'ma& TQfound to be 1,442,546-88 square Pyramid inches. Now, by a.characteristic Pyramid method of calculating, this total ofsquare inches contai~~s the following three numbers : It (1)contains 10 times 144,000 ; and (2) the nulnber 2520 representingthe " Seven Tiines " ; plus (3) a rerllainder which, whenl~lultiplied by the perfcct nmnber 7, yields the precise length ofthe Grand Gallcry. For the remainder is 26.88, and thisinultiplied by 7 equals 1881.6, the Grand Gallery length.The measures used for tl~c sizc of this rectangle arc thc)scalready used in all the dilnensional features referred to in thisbouk, and in tl~c Scientific book. They all fit in harrlion~ouslywith each other both as nicaslues, and as symbols ; for tllesy~liholical nieaning ascribed to cach part of the I'yramid, andt he~r dirrae~~sions, are consistently recog~lised.'he fact th:~t thc tolal aiea of the lectangle i~lcludes thatlittle ainount extra which agrees wit11 thc G~and Gallery lcngthwhen ~nultiplicd by 7, emphasiscs ttlc sylnbolism which connectsthe 144,000 with the Grand Gallery. And the inclusion in thearea of the " Seven Times " indication, points once again to theiinpor tance of the 1914 A.D. date, the momentous year whichwitnessed thc close of that long period of 2520 years.I37

SECTION XVlIIAS an added corroboration that tfie upper, virtual, tloorendof the Grand Gallery inarks the date 1914 A.L).,we find that this point is the terminal of anotherstraight-lined measurement of I915 inches, representing the1915 years between the birth of the Man Christ Jesus, and theend of the period of the times of the Gentiles in 1914 A.D., whenhe exercised his Divinely conferred right and assumed Kinglyauthority as earth's new (invisible) Ruler.In this harmonious dimensional feature the starting-pointof the straight-lined measurement is the Pyramid's Socketlevelbase line. The date of the birth of earth's future Icing maybe regarded as appropriately indicated by the Socket four~dationof the Great Pyramid ; for the definite fulfilment of all tliepromises of God, and the prophecies, relating to the Kingdomand its Spiritual Ruler, all of which are so beautifully embodiedin the wonderful edifice which stands so firmly on its roclcfoundation,began at that date, as we read: " For unto us achild is born, unto us a son is given : and the government shallbe upon his shoulder : and his name shall be called Wonderful,Counsellor, the Mighty God, The Everlasting Father, the Princeof Peace. Of the increase of his government and peace thereshall b& no end, upon the throne of David, and upon his kingdom,to order it, and to establish it with judgment and with justicefrom henceforth cven for ever. The zeal of the Lorcl of hostswill perform this " (Isaiah g : 6, 7).The vertical distance in incl~es between the Socket-levelhase, a11d the virtual floor-end of the upper terminal of the GrandGallery, is too short to directly agree with the period betweenJesus' birth and 1914 AD. This vertical distance is 1723.6268 +Pyramid inches. But by an ingenious method, in which the138length of the Grand Gallcry is rccogniscd, the rcc111iled ilumberof inches is symmetrically yieldcd by tfie height of the Gallery'supper floor-end above the Socket base, to within less than a3rd of an inch of the exact 1915.This method is as follows : The vertical distance separatingthe level of the upper floor-end of the Grand Gallery (i.e., the1914 A.D. date-level), and the Socket-level, is the length ofa rectangle. The width of this rectangle is the same numberof inches as the vertical height of the Grand Gallery, tliusrecognising the length of the Gallery and the angle of its ascent,and also, by association, recognising the symbolical meaningof this passage in its representation of the Gospel Age, whichbegan at the first advent of the Lord Jesus Christ, and ends athis second advent.It is the diagonal of the definitely-fixed rectangle detailedabove, which agrees in length with the period of years inquestion ; for with a length of 1723.6268 +, and a width of833.7616 + , inches, the rectangle has a diagonal-length of1914 6926 +, or barely a 3rd of an inch less than the precise1915 inches. (The width of 833.7616 + inches is the exactvertical height of the Grand Gallery. And this width, also,when inultiplied by an even, round, 100-thmsand, is the sameexactly as the number of square inches in the area of theSocket-level square base of the whole Pyramid.) The diagonal-I39

length of 19x5 inches, iicarly, is therefore appropriately relatedto all thc dimensions of tl~c bldlding, besides being still anotherconviiicing proof of the accuracy of thc 1914 AD. date for thcbegiililing of Christ's reign of righteousness.Alzother I7zdicatiout ofthe 1914 A.D. UaleWc have noted already the importance of definite nuinbcrs,such as 7, 10, etc., in the scientific calculations of thc GreatPyramid ; for the proportionate featu~es of the monument arcessentially based upon numbers, all of which have theirindividual significance. We find that the number 9 enterslargely into the building's symmetrical indications, sometimesas a multiplying, or dividing, number, and sometimes as anumber to be added to, or subtracted from, any given total.It is only by the adoption of this method of multiplying, dividing,adding, and subtracting, with 1-ecognised numbers, that so manycorroborations of the chronological and scientific features can beseen to be contained in the Great Pyramid. As we have pointedout before, this method is proved to be an integral part of theproportionate systcm that binds all the dimensions of thebuilding harmoniously together. It is the frequency withwhich the Pyramid's proportions show that this mathematicalmethod may be rightly used, and the minute accuracy of theresults of the calculations, that prove its intentional nature.Taking the length of the above-mentioned rectangle, thatis, the direct vcrtical distance between the Socltet-level base andthe 1914 A.11. date-level (as marked by the virtual floor--end oftlic i113per tcrmina.1 of the Grand Gallery), we find that thisindicates the 1915-year period by another calculation, in whichthe ilumbers 5) and :lo enter as factors : For ~o times the directvcrtical rlistar~ce of 1723.6268 .I-, when divided hy g, yields thefigure rgq .14o -I-, thus again presenting the thought of thcdate of Christ's birth, 2 B.c., being conilected with thefoundational line of the Pyramid, and of the date of his entryas King over Israel and the world, 1914 A.D., being connectedwith the level of the building which is fixed by the upper virtualfloor-terminal of the symbolical Grand Gallery.140The 14.4,000, and the 2915-Year .PeriodThe significance ol the two features that proporlionntelycoiroborate the outstanding period of 191s yeais betweeri oilrT.ordJs birth, and the date rqrq A T). wllen lie a\snnled his powera.; King over a11 tl~ eaith, 1s ac,crnt~~'itrri when it r i seen thatthe exact length, :lnd width, of, tllr let t~iiglr to which we havereferred, glveil to that rec-t~ngle an ;Ilea ol srl~l~ extr~~t, tllatwhen irt konrtl in squaie Pyram~d inc,lies it il~tlicares thenumber of the. Overcorners of the C;osptll Age, ruitl the periodof 2915 years frorn Chri\tls birth to the end of the Millenn~al1 eign. These inclicalions, like illany similar ones, are 1 lotdirect, I,ut proportionate ; and the factors g and IO are rccluiredin the calculations :As explained, the length of the rectangle is the verticalheight of the 1914 A.D. date-level above the Pyramid's Socketlevelbase, namely, 1723 6268 +, while the width is the sameas the vertical height of the Grand Gallery, 833.7616 +, iriches.With this length and width, the area of the rectangle is foundto be, to within about a 40th part of an inch, 1,437,094 squareinches. When we deduct from this area g inches, we get theremainder 1,437,085.Now this remainder of 1,437,055 square inches is short ofan even 10 times 144,000 lo the extent of 2915 inches. Or, inother words, if we add to the remainder of 1,143,085 the iluinber2915, and divide the sum by 10, we get 144,000, Just as the144,000 overcomers are identified with the 1915-year period,a\ shown elsewhere, so they are also identified with the 291.5-year period ; for they reign mlth Christ for the 1000 yc~llsfollowing the inauguration of the Kingdorn in 1914 A D , the" feet " members talting their part in this Kingdom work whilc

The Rectangle, and its Close Indication of theDuration of the Solar Tro9ical YearStill another harnlonious feature related to the dimensionsof the rectangle spoken of in this Section, shows that theparticular year which is represented by the inch-measuresconnected with it, is the solar tropical year, which is also thehistorical year. For these dimensions agree with the durationof tlie solar tropical year, by a proportion in which the perfectnumber 7 is required as a factor, as well as the number 10.The agreement is correct to within less than a 1000th part ofa day in the full year.If we deduct from 10 times the sum of the length and widthof the rectangle the perfect number 7, the remainder is equalin inches to the number of days in 70 solar tropical years. Inthe Scriptures the number 7 is specially connected with time,as previously noted. (The sum of 10 times the length andwidth of the rectangle, minus 7, equals 25,566.8850+, whilethe number of days in 70 solar tropical years is 25,5669539 t.The tliiference is eo688 + oi an inch in the measurement.)PSECTION XIXROFESSOR C. PIAZZI SMYTH'S opinion regarding the"basement-sheet" of the Descending Passage (See page SS),namely, that its present north-beglnnmg was designedby the ancient Architect to form an integral part of the Pyramid'ssynlbolical system, receives strong support by the mathematicalcslculations presented in the companion book, The Great Pymmid:Its Scientific Features, pages 94-100. We arc not surprised tofind that the important date of the flood is accurately indicatedat this Entrance part of the Pyramid ; for tlie DescendingPassage appropriately represents the downward course of the" Present Evil World " which began when the " Old World "was destroyed by the waters of the deluge, and which will endin the fiery trouble symbolised by the Subterranean Chaniberor Pit (z Pet. 3 : 6, 7).Professor C. Piazzi Smyth was the first to exprcss the beliefthat the Entrance must, by some method, commemorate thedeluge ; and in Vol. I11 of his Life and Work at the Great Pyramid,he shows by astronomical calculations that the coincidence ofceitain stellar signs (Draconis and Aquarius) on the meridionalline of the passage, points in a general way to the time of theflood. Professor Smyth confessed, however, that owing to thewidely divergent opinions of accredited chronological authorities(whose findings he quotes), he was unable to decide on the exactdate of the flood, and that his views must thus be tal- \en asapproximate only. We have stated the grounds for our confidencein the authenticity of the original Hebrew text of the oldTeqtarnent ; and from this we are enabled to fix the date as2472 B-c.-See the Bible dates in Section 11.It might be asked: How is it possible to satisfactorilyprox7e that the Bntranrr of the Pyramid was intcrldcd to indicateI13

the flood-date ! We hold that the wonderful fitness of tliesymbo1ic;~l featurcs of the Pyramid, and tllc cxact harmoniousco-relationship of all tllc time-measurements, are sufficientproofs of intention ; even as we recognise that the beautifulllaririo~ly of the nnrnrrons time and other featiires of theScriphtvcs, is an i:vidence of pre-arrangement or1 the part of itsDlvint: Auttior. When we find, therefore, that the conlmencemel~tof the roof of the Ilescending Passage (01: that part of theroof which is rlirecily and scliiarely opposite the north-beginningof the " basement-sheet ") indicates the date of tlie flood in anumber of important time-measurenlents, we are assured thatthis indication was specially designed 1,y the great Mijst~r-Blri1dt.r.---See tlir diagram on page 97.The T;lood, and Christ's Baptism, Scri~turally connectedThere is a chroilological parallel between the flood andChrist's baptism, which, according to the Apostle Peter (I Pet.2 : 20, 21) are related to one another as type and antitype(See No. 8 on page 25). The complete period of years betweenthe beginning of the typical flood, and the beginning of the antitypicaloutpouring of the Holy Spirit, is corroborated by ncorresponding Pyramid-inch time-measurement.We have already proved that the date of Chrisl's baptismis indicated by that point on the level of the Queen's Chamberfloor (the Plane of Human Perfection) which is vertically in linewith tlie Grand Gallery nor111 wall. If we measure northwardlrom this point horizontally to the floor of the First AscendingPassage (See diagram, page 142), then down the inclined floorlineto the " Point of Intersection," and from thence upwardtoward the Entrance of the Pyramid, we shall find that the pointon the floor of the Descending Passage which is vertically inline with the roof-commencement, indicates the clate of thel.){qinning of the flood, 24739 B.C. (See diagram, page 97).Thus the Pyramid, like the Scriptures, indicates a connectionhetween the flood, and the immersion with the Holy Spirit.(Tn this time-measurement the beginning of the flood is indicated,although the vertical " Flood-line," shown in the diagram onpage 97, also indicates the date of the drying-up of the flood144"'a year later---Compare Gen. 7 : 11, with 8 : I;, 14. Tlic pcriodfrom the beginning of the flood, to the baptism of Christ whenthe Holy Spirit first began to be poured out, is, therefore, a littleunder 2502 years. The precise total of Pyramid inches in thclileasurement detailed above, and as shown in thc diagrams, is:2501.9045 +.--See also footnote on page 63).The anointing of Jesus in Autumn of 29 A.n. was the beginningor the antitypical baptism of the Holy Spirit, .cvhich willultirnately " submerge " the whole world, as the Apostle intimatedwhen he quoted Joel : " And it shall come to pass in the last(lays, saith God, I will pour out of my spirit upon all flesh."The fact that the date of Jesus' baptism is indicated at tllccommencen~ents of the Grand Gallery and Horizontal Passagc,well illustrates Joel's prophecy and the Apostle's application ofit, namely, that in " those days " of the Gospel Age, symbolisc~lby the Grand Gallery, the Lord's " servants and handm:lidcns "would have the Holy Spirit pourecl upon them ; and tliat" aftelwards " the " sons and daughters " of thc Secoricl Ad;~mduring the time of the New Covenant (symbolised by thcHorizontal Passage to the Queen's Chamber),. would also haveGocl's Holy Spirit poured upon them. (Acts 2 : 16-18.)This time-measurement, therefore, which connects theIxginning of the Descending Passage with the beginning of theIiorizontal Passage, contrasts Noah the father of the " PrcsciltEvil World," with Christ the " Everlasting Father " of the" World to come wherein dwelleth righteousness."NOTE : The lneasurc of 23.362 l'j.raf?zid inches show11 in thc dingramon page 97, ,i.e., the floor-distance bet~veen thc north cdgc of Ll~eDescending Passage " basement-sheet " and the vertical " Flood-line," isbased 11po11 the right-angled, transverse, height of the Descending IJassr~3?roof above the floor, in this case taliru lo be 47.2648 -t Pyramid ilzclr~s,and upon the correct theoretical downward angle of 26" 18' 9".7 lor thepassage. According to the measilres of Professor C. Piazzi Sn~ytll, aspublished in his Vol. TI of LiJc a~zd IVork, thc transverse height ol thcIkscending Passage is Iron1 47.0928 t , to -17.27'6 +, I'yrariiid i?zckes.Tn thc First Ascending Passagc just above thc upper end of the GranitePlug, the mean transverse height of the roof above the Roor is 4'7.2493 i -Pyvalaid i?zci~es. We believe that slight variations in measure, withinnarro.rv limits, were intended, as wc have found ill other measure(1 partsof the building.F< 2r 4.5

SECTION XXwHILE the roof-commencement of the DescendingPassage indicates the date of the flood, whichinaugurated the " Present Evil World," Adam's" day " of condemnation, in which the cvorld was started on itsdownward course to destruction, is indicated by the -floorcommencement,i.e., the north edge of the " basement-sheet."In the Pyramid's symbolical time-measurements these twoindications are consistently recognised throughout.When God pronounced the sentence of condemnationagainst Adam, saying: " In the day that thou eatest thereof,thou shalt surely die " (Gen. 2 : 17), we must not understandthat the " day " referred to was one of 24 hours, for accordingto the record of Adam's death, he had lived for 930 years. Theharmony of the time-parallels, shown on pages 24 and 25,warrants our clai~n that this " day " of condemnation was athousand years long (2 Pet. 3 : 8).In consequence of Adam's disobedience against the Divinecommand, the whole race of mankind has been born in sin,and all are condemned to die, as the Apostle says : " by oneman sin entercd into the world, and death by sin : and so deathpassed upon all Inen " (liorn. 5 ; 12). In the symbolism of theGreat Pyramid, the human race is represented as labouringdown the steep Descending Passage on the way to the Pit ofdestruction, because of the condemnation passed upon theirfederal head on that " day " in which he sinned. The date ofthe end of this 1000-year " day " is, therefore, appropriatelyindicated by thc north edge of the "basement-sheet " in anumber of time-measurements. (See diagram, page 97.)To understand the application of the present time-measuremmt,cve must remember that, had Adam not disobeyed his146Creator, the Bible would not have required to be written, northe corroborating Pyramid to he built ; for the Bible is a recordof God's plan for man's redemption. In symbol, Adam andEve are represented as standing on the solid rock enjoying thefull uninterrupted light of heaven, haviilg nothing between themand their Maker. Immediately after the transgression they werecast out of this light and entered the darkness of sin and death,represented by the dark Descending Passage in the interior ofthe Pyramid.Toward the end the end of the " day " of condemnationAdam died ; and his children, born in degradation and powerlessto retrace their steps, had perforce to continue on the downwardway. The lower they descended the darker bccame their path,until there was bale1 sufficienl illunlination to remind then1 ofthc great light and freedom once enjoyed by father Adam.When they passed the bend at the lower end of the passage,they lost even that little trace of light, and weie compelled togo on in complete darkness till they fell into the Pit of death.The Entrance to the downward passage is situated a( o~~\itlcrablc distancc ahovc. thc rock-has(: of thr l)~~ildi~lg. T11is117

distance was not fixed in a haphazard way by tllc Archit-ect, aswe have noticed, but was so arranged, that the period of Adam's1000-year " day " is indicated in thc following way : by themeasurement from the levelled rock-base up the inclined faceof the casing to the ancient Entrance, th~ndown the now missingportion of the Descending Passage to the north edge of tlic" basement-sheet . " (The total nunnber of Pyramid inches intl~is measurement, as shown in the diagram, is rooo ,1810 + .)Adam's 930 Years Sho?e~.e,ll by the PyramidAccording to the stateme~lt of the Bible, the exact age ofAdam at death mas 930 years, or just 70 years short of the full1000. This difference of 70 years is corroborated in the Pyramidby the difference between the two inclined heights of (I) theancient floor-beginning, and (2) the north edge of the " bascn~cntshcet,"of the Descending Passage above the natural rock-levcl.Thc second one of these two inclined heigtits is taken along aline which is exactly parallel to the first one, i.e., parallel tothe casing-stone surface. The precise difference betu.een thesctwo inclined measures is 70.0917 + Pyramid iflches. Thusthc north cdgc of the " basement-sheet " lnarlis both tllccnd of Atlain's 1000-ycar " (lay " of condemnation, and tllcdate of llis actual tlcnth ;~t (130 yc;irs of age: ((;en. 5 : 5).IEntrance of the Pyramid.SECTION XX1N his 5th Edition of Our Inhevitance in the Great Yymfnid, pagc296, Professor C. Piazzi Smyth draws attention to the four" angular " stones which lie conspicuously above theHe demonstrates that their purposcwas evidently to monumentalise the 7r (Pi) angle of the sidesof the building, viz. : 51" 51' 14~I.3, but does not suggest areason why this clomina~lt angle of the Pyramid should beparticularly indicated at the Entrance. (Diagram, page 88.)We suggest the follo\ving as being a possible symbolical reason :The great " angular " stones preserve, by their inclinationtoward each other, the scientific 7r angle 03 the Pyramid's foursides. They thus seem to say, in figurative language, that atone time a perfect Pyramid stood here at the Entrance of thcDescending Passage. As the apex of the inside angle formedbetween the two sets of inclined stones is in line, nearly, withtlic level of the Queen's Chamber floor, this perfect pyramidwould represent Adam, who was created a perfect man.111 the Sci-iptures, Jesus Christ is likened to the head cornerstoneof a pyramid, of which the great stone Pyrainid in Egyptis a synlbol (Psa. 118: 12 ; Matt. 21 : 42). It is therefore quitcin accord with the Scriptures, and with the Pyramid's corroborativesymbolisms, to liken Adam, who in certain aspects was atype of Christ, to a small perfect pyramid standing on the levclof the Queen's: Chamber floor, immediately above the Entrailccto the passage dov711 which he afterwards is represented asfalling in consequence of his disobedience. Now, tihe directvertical distance between the north edge of the " basementsheet" of the Descending Passage, and ttie level of the Queen'sChamber floor, is exactly a 25th of the complete vertical heightof the whole Pyramid. (This vertical distance is 232.5201 +I49

l'yrn~tzid inclzcs, aiicl is ;LII ~xact 25tll 1);li.t of tlie 1~111 Soc:lietto-apesvertical height of the building, i.r., 51313.0101 -t.)We have seen that, in his fallen state, Adam is representedat the end of his 1000-year " day " of condeinnation, standingat the north cdgc of the " basement-sheet." Thus, tlie littlepyramid, now reckoned as having fa.llen like Adam from theQueen's Chamber floor-level down to the " basement-sheet," itsapex just touching the linc above which symbolises the I'lane ofHuman Perfection, represents Adam at the full end of his1000-year " day" losing all llold upon his at one--time perfect11ulnan state, a.nd falling into tlic, Ucsccnding Passage conditionof death (See the diagram).The fact that Adam is represented by a pyramid which isan exact 25th the size of the Great Pyramid, may explain thereason for the Queen's Chamber being situated at the 25thmasonry course of the building. This seems to be the Pyramid'smethod of corroborating the Scriptural dcclaration, that Adamwas made in the image of his Creator, and that he was the earthlytype of the Spiritual Adam (Rom. 5 : 14)) Christ, who is syinbolisedby the whole Great Pyramid.As the pyramid rc.yresenting Adam is a 25th of the size ofthe whole Pyramid, it follows that the dimensions of the latterin cubits is exactly reprod~~ccd in irlches in the little model ;for a cubit equals 25 inches. The number of iiiches in the baselengthof the little pyramid is 365 .Z~'J, i.~, tlie same as thenumber of days in tlie solar year.ADAM, and the Man Christ Jesus, arc the only two wliohave stood upon the " Plane of Human Perfection."Through his disobedience Adam fell froin this perfectstate, and the whole human race share in his condemnation todeath. In due time, according to the fore-arranged plan of God,Jesus Christ' left the glory which he had with the Father beforethe world was, and became flesh and died the " just for theunjust," and thus ransomed mankind from the grave. By thcco~npletion of Christ's glorious 1000-year " Day " of Restitution,2874 A.D., all the world will have regained " that which waslost."But all who were secretly harbouring the spirit of theAdversary, having yielded only feigned obedience during theRestitution process (Psa. 66 : 3, margin), will be deceived bySatan when he is let loose from the bottomless Pit during the" little season " of 40 years which follows, and God will destroyd them along with Satan in the Second death (Iiev. 20 : 1-3 ;iPsa. 37 : 10). All who pass the final test will have demonstratedthat they are not only perfect in body as Adam was before hisfall, but that they have developed the perfect character of theirRedeemer, who stood immovable in faith, love, and loyalty toGod the Father even under the great trials to which he wassubjected during his earthly ministry (Psa. 37 : 29). We wouldunderstand, therefore, that by the date 2914-2915 A.D., theredeemed race will experiencc to the full the glorious hbertyof the children of God, with complete dominion over the earth(Compare Nos. 2 and 3 on pagc 24).As the " Plane 01 Human Perfection " is representrd inthe Great Pyramid by the level of the Queen's Chamber floor,.md as the Ransom-sacrifice of Christ is symbolised by theT

Well-shaft, tlicsc two important fc:itures ~llust govcrii t.liis Limcmeasurement.We have already proved that the north cdgc of tl~cIJescending Passage " bascmcnt-sheet " n~arlrs tlie cncl of tlicFirst Adam's 1000-year " day." This point is below the lcvclof the (jueen's Chamber floor, and thus represents Adam in liiscondemned state. The point on the Queen's Chamber floorlcvclvertically above the north edge of the " bascnient-slleet "would, therefore, very well represent Adam in liis perfection,and would form the most appropriate starting-point for tllctime measurement now under consideration.If, then, we begin from this point as marking the date whcnAdam fell froin perfection, 4126 B.c., and rneasurc at the usualrate of a Pyramid-inch for a year verl.ically down till wc reaclithe level of the lower Well-opening (the level of the top edge),then horizontally southward to the north edge of the opening,and from thence vertically upward till we regain the level of thcQueen's Chamber floor, we shall find that the termination of ourlong measurement indicates the date 2914-2915 A.D.This time-measurement is the Pyramid's method of illustratingtl~e Apostle's brief, but comprehensive state~nellt ofGod's Plan of the Ages : " As in Adam all die, even so in Christsliall all be made alive "-I Cor. 15 : 22. (The sum of thetwo vertical, and thc horizontal, lines is 7040.8796-tPyramidi?z,clzes, and therefore agrees in inches with the number of yearsfrom 4126 U.C. to 2915 A.D.)

wE read that " death reigned from Ada111 to Rloses"(Koin. 5 : 14) ; and that the law of Moses, although"ordained to life," was found after all to be away to death, owing to the weakness of the flesh (Rom. 7 : 10).When, however, Jesus Christ came at the end of the LawDispensation and abolished death, and brought life and immortalityto light through the' Gospel (2 Tim. I : IO), the opportunityto " pass froill death unto life " was then offered to allwho would exercise the necessary faith (Julln 5 : 24).But although the resurrection power has been working inthe footstep followers of Christ (Rom. 6 : 4), the time of theirreal, in contradistinction to their reckoned, resurrection from thedead, when death shall have no more dominion over them; wasunalterably fixed by God according to his set ti~nes and seasons.Thus, the Scriptural time-features show that, since the " day "when the First Adam brought death into the world, none couldhope to pass from death unto life in the actual sense, till theinauguration of the Second Adam's 1000-year " day " ofregeneration.We have seer1 in Section XVI that very early in this glorious" day," namely, in 1878 A.D., 34 years after the return of theSecond Adam, the illembers of the " Bride " class who fellasleep during the Gospel Age have received their resurrectionchange, and are nnw with thcir T20rd waiting till the full numberof the elect company are " caught up together " with them(I Thess. 4 : 15-17). After this the general resurrection willbegin, for Cl~rist must reign till he has put all enenlies under hisfeet, and tlie last cnemy that shall he destroyed is death(I Cor. 15 : 22-26). The year 1878 A.D., therefore, was in thepurposes of God the extreme time-limit for the absolute power154ol t1ea.l-11 ovcr tl~e wurld ; for wl~cu " this mortal sl~all 11a.v~ 1)utoil. immortality, tlzcn shall be brought to pass the saying that iswritten, ' Ileath is swallowed up in victory.' "The Great Pyramid corrohorates this Scriptural teacliing l>yillcans of its symbolisms and inch-year rneasurcs, by the longestpossible symmetrical mcasurernent between the outside Entranceand the lower mouth of the Well-shaft. We havc demonstratedthat the north edgc of the Descending Passage " hasementsheet" marks the end of the First Adam's 1000-ycar " day " ofcontlemnation ; arid it has also bee11 proved tha.t the Wellshaftsymbolises the ransom-sacrifice of our Lord Jesus Clii-ist,by which means alowe any tan escape tllr l)e\ct.nding-Pa\sagccondition of condeinuation to death brought up011 the worltlthrough A4dain's sinThe measurement from thc north edge of the " bascmentsheet,"first vertically do\vn to the level of the bottom of theWell-shaft, then horizontally 5outhwarcl to the ccntre of theopening of the Well* agrecs with the long pcriod of years duringwhich ihc downwarcl conric of t10,~th lrds held absolute ?wayDctails and measnres con~~ectcd with the lowcr ul)eiiiiig ol the \Yellshaftare given in Vol. 11 of Gre'lt Pyrat~zid Pussuges.I55

ovc:~. tlrc: woi.ltl, fro111 the c:ilcl OU the First Adaui's ~ooo-ycar" (lay" of cursing-, till 1878 .%.u. whcn tllc death-state first1)c.gan to 12c " sn~altowcd up in victory " with tllc &sing of tllcfc~llowcrs of ('llrist, early in tlle Second Adam's glorious 1000-year" (lay " of l~lessing. (Froin the end of Adam's 1000-yc8.r" tlay" of conciemnation, 31264 B.c., to tllc bcgiilniilg of tl~e', first rcsurrcction," when tile body of the Christ rose froill tl~cslcc11 of death, 1577 A.D., is 50031 years. Thc total mcasureinontwhich represents this period in tile Pyramid is 5003.SoO; + I-)!'rn~nid inches, which is barcly a. 3rd of ail iricll irioretllail tlic exact rcquirc~ncnt.)TIIlC remarkable connection that is known to cxist hctwccri.thc Great Pyrarnid which marks the ce*ntrc of tlrcscctorinl-shaped land of Lower Egypt, and the ancicnt:city of 13etlilehem where the licdecmcr was born, is detailed inthe coinpanion 1)ook : 7'1~e Great Pyuanzid : Its Scientijc 1;entrtrrs.'his connection is not only that of angle (the straight linc1)etwccn the Pyramid and Hethlehem, runs from the Pyranlitlnorth-eastward to Bethlehem at the same angle to the Pyi-anlid's~arallel of latitude, as the passage-ways in the buildingascent1 and descend, namely. 26" 18' yf'.7), ;LII~ of ?tlr.aszwe,lint is symboliial also.Syinbolically, the Great I'yrai~lid is n mctterial rcprescntntionor Jesus Christ, the holy, Iiai.i~ilrss, aild uuclefi1c.d So11 of God.Or, in anotllcr pictui-c, our T,ord is syn~bolised 1)y thc heat1corncr-stone of the monnmrnt, arid his body-menlhers. the spiritbegottenclass of the Gospel Agi:, arc represcl~tcd as hcing built"1) to Him, ttlns l~eco~i~in~ thr " fnlncss of Ilim t11at fillet11 allill ill1 " (Ep11. I : 18-23).7'hc aoeriire and lrarnwuy-car lillc hetwccriCairo o11d [he Pyrurr~ids o/ GizchThe connection by measurc, which is ill~~stratcci in the twoaccornpanying diagrams, is very wonderful, and very confirmatoryof the whole teaching of the Great Pyramid. Briefly :The interval bf years between the dates of thc erection of then~onllnlent, and of the birth of the Man Christ Jesus, 2138, isrvl)rcscl~tetl ill Pyraillid cubits by a coinplete circle, each even~ooo rlrl)it.; in the circnmi'c~rence of this cirrlc corrrsponciillg to757

one year ; for in the circumference are exactly 2738 times 1000cubits in all. And the diameter of thi.; circle is the straight linecoilnrclirlg the Pyramid with Bethlehem, the length of the linebeing the distance separating the Pyramid and Bethlehemaccording to the known geographical positions of both.The 191 5-Yeav IgzdicatiogzThen, by anotlicr rnf>tllod oi measuring, the 1915-yearinterval between thc birth of Jesus in 2 n.c., and 1914 A.n.when he began hi5 Klngdoln rcign over the ealth (thoug1~invisible to human eyes, hut cles~ly perceived as pvesenthecause of the unitcd testimony of all the time-prophecies ofthe Scriptures.---Src (he cliagramq on pagcs 2-25), i~ ,~l-,o158represented in Pyramid cubits, and again by a complete circle,each even ~ooo cubits in the periphery of which corresponds toa year. The diameter of the circle is in this case the base-lineof the right-angled triangle, the hypotenuse of which triangle isthe straight line between the Pyramid and Bethlehem, risingfrom the Pyramid's latitude, i.e., the said base-line, at the uniqueangle of 26" 18' g".7 as mentioned above. The length of thehypotenuse of the right-angled triangle, that is, the distancebetween the Pyramid and Bethlehem, necessarily has a directbearing on the length of the base-line of the triangle ; and thislength is so proportioned that the circle described on the baselinehas the circumference of exactly 1915 times an even1000 Pyramid cubits of 25 Pyramid inches each. (See thefurther description of these features in the ScienZ

7'he hleas~we qf 2138 P~o~c~rfic~ii~~tt~:~).~Kelnt~rl to theJ;o?oev I

of 2138 (See Sect1011 )ill 1 111 tl~e Scieqitijic hook). 'lllerc is afitness in all these agreements which is very conviricing of thewhole teaching of tbc Great Pyramid. And this featurc isstill more apparent when we find still another appropriatemeasure in the Great Pyramid agreeing with this 2138 periodas follows :Tlze 2138 Period Indicated by the Two Levels ofKing's and Queen's ChalnbersThc Scriptures declare that " He that descended, is the sarneal.50 that ascended " (Ephrsians 4 : 10). In other words, theLord Jesus Christ, sent into the world from his former spiritualhabitation to suffer and die for mankind, was afterwards receivedinto glory, the& to become Lord of the living and the deadand to receive his Kingdom.This Script~zral declaration is illustrated by the angle ofdescent between the city of Bethlehem, so~zth-westward tolcgypt's centre, occupied by the Great Pyramid. It is alsoill~zstrated by the two levels in the Great Pyrainid w11icl1syinbolise the spirit and l~urr~ari plar~es, namcly, the floors of theIcing's and Queen's Chambers.As the Great Pyramid, in its perfection when built, is thedirect symbol of the perfect. 5inless, Son of God, who, when hecame into this world, was 1101-n in Rcthlehem as foretold by theprophet (Micah 5 : 2 ; Matthcw 2 : 4-6), the period of yearswhich separated thc dates of the erecting of the Pyramid andthe birth of Christ Jesus, 2~38, is therefore coilstantly broughtbcfore our notice when we speak of the length and angle of thestraight line connecting the Pyraniid with Bethlehem.Now, the vertical distance betwecn the two levels of theKing's and Queen's Chambers, froin floor to floor, also indicatesthe 2138-year interv;rl, by the following inctliod : liegard aneven 10 timcs this precisc vertical distancc between these twofloor-levcls as the lcngth ol thc pcrimetcr ol a square. It willhe found that thc length of one side of this square is almostexactly a round 2138 Pyrainid inches, the difference being lessthan a 100th part of an inch (The ~ertical distance betweenthe two floors is 855 .zo3zgg + Pyrdmid inches. This multi-162theplied by ro, thcn divided by 4, gives the side-length of thesquare referred to, namely, 2138.0082 i- inches.)The Getlmetrical. Relationship Between th~! TWOAdjoining Periods of 2138 and 1915 YearsAs in the two proportionate features just considered, so inthis additional feature the basis of the calculations is a square.We have already noted the importance of the connectionof the interval of 2138 years (between the erectillg of thesymbolical stone Witness in Egypt and the birth of the MailChrist Jesus), with the 1915-year interval which immediatelyfollowed, ending in 1914 A.D. when Christ took to himself hisgreat power and began his reign. We now draw attention tothe fact that there is a geometrical connection between the twonumbers, 2138 and 1915. This connection is shown by a planegeometrical figure, the basis of which, as we said, is a square.Draw a square with an area of exactly an even IOOtimes2138 square inches. The side-length of this square is462.3851 + inches (i.e., the square-root of IOO ~2138).Inscribe a circle within this definite square. The diameterof the circle is, of course, the same as the side-length of thcsquare. Therefore, multiplying this diameter, or side-length,by the ratio T, we find that the length of the circunlferellce ofthe inscribed circle is 1452.6256 + inches.The sup of the diameter and circumference of the inscribedcircle, is almost exactly a round, even, 1915 inches. (Theprecise sum is 1g15.0108 + inches, which is little more than a100th part of an inch over the exact 1915.)By this simple geometrical and mathematical method, thethree very important dates, namely: first, 2140 B.C. for theerection of the symbolical Great Pyramid, second, z B.C. for thebirth of the world's Saviour and King, and third, 1914 A.D. forthe beginning of the righteous reign of this King of Glory, areall prominently and symmetrically indicated. Thus we perceivestill more evidence of intentional design in all of Jehovah'sgrcat Plan of the Ages.

The Two Periods of 2138 and 1915 Years areGe~metricall~y Related to the Precessional Cycle PeriodII The Areu - of the S~null Squnr.c'1I is exactly 2138 x 100IIAs the Precessional Cycle period of years was the primarybasis for the' important discovery of the building-date of theGreat Pyramid (as demonstrated by the exact positions of thenotable stars Alpha Draconis, and Alcyone of the Pleiades, atthat date), and as the number of years in the precession isfound to be corroborated by the perimeter of the Great Pyramidat that precise level in the building which marks the terminationof the 1915-year time-measurement, it is certainly a still furtherconfirmation of our faith in the teaching of the Pyramid tofind that, geometrically, and mathematically, these three periodsof 2138, 1915, and 25,694-5 years are each related to the other.This relationship is contained in a further development ofthe plane geometrical figure just detailed, namely, the square,having an area of precisely IOO times 2138 square inches. Wenow regard the diagonal of this square as being the sidc-lengthof another, larger, square. The side-lengths of both squaresare thus determined by the precise area ofthe first, small,square, with its inscribed circle indicating the 1915-year period.The calculation connected with these two squares whichindicates the precessional period is as follows : The length ofthe diagonal of the small square, which is also the side-lengthof the large one, is 653.9113089+ inches. The perimeter ofthe large square is therefore 2615.64523 + inches.From an even 10 times the perimeter of the large square,deduct the length of one side of the small square. The remainderis 25,694.0672 + inches, which is equal to the years in tl~e131 ecessional cycle.There are other proportionate features connected will1 illisgro~netrical , figure, all confirmatory of the fol.rgoiuy,, 31~1confirlnatory of the Pyramid'r; mrasulrs generally.Diagram l llustrating the Geometrical, and Mathematical,Connection between the Numbers2138, 191 5, and 25,694164

SECTION XXVITHE SYMMETRICAL CONNECTION BETWEEN THE SOLAR YEAR,TIIE ~RECESSIONAI~ CYCLE, AND THE 1915-YEAR,I'ERIODSTHE foundation of this feature is a circle, the area ofwhich is as many square inches as there are squarecubits in 7 x 2 tlnles the Socket-base area of the GreatPyramid. In other words, the area of this circle is, in inchrs,equal to the ilulllbei ol days in r l Limes the square of tlie soldrtropical year.There are 365.24219866 + days in the solar tropical year,and therefore 133,401.863687 + days in the square of the year.(In the area of the Pyramid's Socket-level square base there are133,401 863687 + square Pyramid cubits.) Thus, in 14 timesthe square of the solar year the number of days total to1,867,626.091626 + ; and this, reckoned in inches, is the areaof our circle. (The number 7 is in Scriptures specially connectedwith time.)We desire now to find the diameter of this circle, the areaof which is, as we see, definitely determined by the day-valueof the solar tropical year, and the perfect number 7 (ie, 14,the double of 7). For the further development of this featureis connected with the square of the diameter of this circle.That is to say, we require to ascertain the precise area of asquare, the side-length of this square being the same exactlyas the diameter-length of the circle.If we know the area of a circle, it is easy to find the squareof the diameter of that circle. We need only to multiply theknown area of the circle by 4, and divide the result by theratio T. (Or we can multiply the known area of the circleby 4, and then multiply again by the reciprocal of the ratio T.The value of the reciprocal of the ratio T is .3183098861837g + .)Calculating with this wf,ll known mathematical rule, weI 66as the diameter-length of the above-mentioned circle, is2,377,935.394638 + square inches.The even 100th part of the area of the square is23,779.35394 + square inches. We can symmetrically dividethe area of a square into IOO equal parts by dividing itslength into 10 parts, and then its width into IO parts, allequally spaced. Our feature has to do with this symmetricallydivided 100th part of the full area of thr square.To the area of the small 100th-part square rrdd exactly1915 inches. The resultant sum is as many square inches asthere are years in the precewional cycle of the equinoxes. Thus,1915 inches added to 23,779.35394 +, the area of tbe 10ot11-partsmall square, totals to 25,694.35394 + square inches. Thistotal is the same as the perimeter of the Great Pyramid at the167

inch Perimeter at the Mean Socket-level Base Isequal to Days In 100 Solar Tropical Yearsdlevel of the upper floor-end of the Grand Gallery, which floorendinarks the termination of the 1915-inrll time-measurcmcntThe d~fference between the two totals is no1 more than nbonta 1000th part of ail inch.Instead of dividing the area of the square into IOO equalparts, we may explain the feature in this way: TO the fullarea of the square add an even 1-00 times 1915 inches. Theresultant sum is equal to an even 100 times the perimeter of thePyramid at the 1914 A.D. date-point level. (The sum of thearea of the square and IOO times 1915 is 2,569,435.3946+inches. And IOO times the perimeter of the Pyramid at thelevel which marks the date 1914 A.D. is 2,569,435.2904-kinches. The difference between these two large totals is littlemore than a 10th part of an inch.)The correspondency in the above feature is thereforepractically exact. It further demonstrates the wonderfulharmony of all the dimensions of the Great Pyramid, bothtoward each other, as well as toward the durations of the solartropical year, and the precessional cycle, and their relationshipto the outstanding period of 1915 years between Christ's birthand 1914 A.D. In augmenting the precise area of the squareby the addition of the round number of IOO times 1915, weare following one of the methods of calculating required in alarge number of the Pyramid's geometric and mathematicalproportions, examples of which we have presented in thecompanion book entitled : The Great Pyramid: Its S(:iefztiJic:Featz~res, which see.The Solar Year, the l'recessio~t, and 1915, Corzr~c.cl~dby the I'yuamid's Di~r~ensio~~sThe dit~~ci~sions of the Great Pyramid are so wonderl~lllyIjalanced, that they everywhere bear out the main teaching ofGround Plan of the Great Pyramidthe moni~ment. The day-value of the solar tropical year i.;given us in the perimeter of the building at the Socket-level1base, the number of inches in this perimetcr being equal to thenl~mber of days in an even IOO years. The year-value of thegreat precessional cycl~ of the equinoxes is given 11s in Ihrper~nlrter uf tl~r 1,uilding at ll~r lrvrl ut the upper fluol-er~d uf16s 169Showing the Mean Socket~level Square Base, and the Horizontal Sectional Areaat t h LPVC~ ~ nlarked by the Upper Terminal of the Gland Gallery Floor

the Grand Gallery, tlie level which we may appropriately namethe " 1914 A.D. date-level." The nunlber of inches at this levelis equal to the number of years in the precession.Here, then, we have two squares at different levels, the lowerone showing the solar Far, and the upper one showing theprecession. And the vertical distance betwcen these two levelsis connected definitely with the highly scientific dimensions ofthe King's Chamber, as noted in Section VIII of the Scientijicbook. Looking down upon tlie Pyramid as upon a plan, thesquare of the 1914 A.D. level would seern to be centrallyplaced within the Socket-level square. The straight, andhorizontal, line between the adjacent corners of the two squaresis 1914,468 + Pyramid inches, or about half an inch less than theprecise 1915. This horizontal line is, of course, part of thebase-cliagonal of the building. This feature means that thevertical height of the 1914 A.D. level was so adjusted by thegreat Designer, that its horizontal diagonal distance inwardfro~n eacli base corlle1 of the building is between 1914 aucl 1915Pyramid inches, thus still again bringing before our vision thecentral truth of the Holy Word, and the central truth of thePyramid too, namely, that the Saviour of the world was borninto the world, known to be both Saviour and King, in the year2 B.c., and that after an interval of 1915 years, in the year1914 A.D., he came as earth's invisible King of righteousness.(The semi-diagonal of the Pyramid at the Socket-level base is6456.6308 + inches ; and the semi-diagonal at the 1914 A.D.level of the building is 4542.1627 t- inches. The difference is1914.4680 + Pyramid inches.)SECTION XXVIIADAM'S creation, according to the chronology of tlie Bible,took place at the date 4128 B.c., or, more particularlyas explained in Section IV, 41282 years before 1stJanuary A.D.I. The year before the creation of Adam can,therefore, be named the " zero " year, or the year " o ", thebeginning of which is 4129; years previous to A.D. I, that is,41292 B.C.This year is just before the advent of man on earth, and thusis properly styled " pre-historic " ; and because it is outsideof the scope of history, but of special importance as being thevery year preceding the first appearance into the materialuniverse 01 God's noblest earthly creation, Man, it is proper toexpect that this " zero " year, while not marked by any pointwithin the Pyramid's passage system, would nevertheless befound to be connected with the building by some method.The Method by which the " Zero " Year is IndicatedMr. E. W. T. Macdonald, a Scotsman resident in Hendon,England, and a very enthusiastic student of the Great Pyramid,suggested that the important " zero " year might reasonably bemarked by a definite geometrical point in the rock below the baseof the Pyramid, namely, by the intersection of the two straightlines produced downward into tlie rock of: (I) the outercasing-stone surface of the building, at its special angle of51" 51' 14" .3, and (2) the floor of the First Ascending Passage,with its distinctive inclination of 26" 18' 9".7 This intersection,purely geometric, is within the confines of thebuilding because in direct line with the casing-stone surface,and is connec$ed with the passage-system owing to its locationT7I

on the line continuous with the Ascending Passage's floor. Atthe same time, this point is an appropriate one to mark the" zero " year, for though definitely related to the buildingby its two domina.nt angles, it is sufficiently removed from thepassage-ways to demonstrate that the year it indicates is notwithin the history of mankind.But there is another method by which this geometricallyfixedpoint shows the pre-historic nature of the year which itmarks, and that is that none of the time-measurements, ordimensional features found in connection with it, are direct,lmt are indirect. In other words, there is no Pyra.mid-incliti~ne-rneasureinei~t between any point in the passages illatnlai-ks an established date, which directly connects the year4129$ R.C. at this " zero " point. The " zero " point in11ica.tionsare all connected with proportionate measures, which, llowever,are in themselves symmetrical and harmonious with the1)uildingJs mathema tical and geometrical design.The one well-established date in the Scriptural clirunologywl1ic.11 is convinc,ingly iilarlircl by an appropriate point in thePyramid's passage-walrs, is the year of the death and rcsur-172reetion of our Lord. Jesus Christ, Spring of 113 Am., marked bythe line where the First Ascendir~g Pa.ssagc atrd Grand Ciallery~rieet. This line: of delliarcation between the two asceridirrgl~ssages would, tlirrcforc, wry wcll forin the starting-point forthc downward incli~lecl time-iilcasui-en produced to tlre" zero " point. If tlie tirne-lneasui-en~ent werc a direct one,the number of iriches in this straight line woulcl agree with tlrc:pre(:isc liuinber of years between Spring of the year 33 A,!).and the beginning of the " zero " year 41294 B.C. But when wcaccurately calculate, by the usual trigonometrical rules, theI~tigtll of the fi~oduced floor-line, from thc " Point of Tntersection" down to the " zero " point, and add tliis to tile floorl~ngtl~of the First Ascendiiig I'assage, we find that tlic totalnumber of Pyramid inches is less than that required. Hutthe ail~ount' of shortage is an exact iruinber particularlyrelaietl to thc inoriument's yroportionatc features, iiamely,all ever1 100.By this indirect iiiethotl, co~lvincing because of its syrunletry,the Pyrair~id indicates the begilliliilg of the " zero " year qracj:R.c., the gea.r before Adam " became a living soul." (The periodof yeai-s ill rluestiorl is 41614, frvnl 41zgi B.C. to 32% A.D., i.c.,to Spring 33 A.D., the date of our Lord's death and resurrectiollas marked by the upper, southern, end of the First Ascendingl'assage. The floor-length of thc First Ascendiiig Passage is1543.4642 +, and the total length of the produced floor-lincto the " zero " point is 2517.9590 +, Pyrainid indics. The:~\un of thcsc two Icngths, plus an cvcn 100, is 4161 .4233 -I-,or lxa,ctically 4161i inclics.)7'hc Iizterval bel-i@ee?t tile " Zero " T'ecrv t~ildof tltc Israel.tles fvo~~t B,qy+tthe ~ X O ~ I ~ SAIIO~~PI- prolxn-t~onatc t~~nc-~neas~irrn~clIt, in which thcpettect riuinhrr 7 1s a Idctor, confirlns the Pyranlid's iriark~ngof the " zero " ye, 7.Egypt is the Scriptural type of the world going after " othergods " in its degradat~on, and hence hastening downward to tliepit of destruction. The Descending Passage is a fitting illustrationof this depraved condition of the world, a symbol thatI73

is further strengthened by the interesting fact that, at the timewhen the Great Pyramid was being built, Alpha Dsaconis, thestellar representation of Satan, the " god of this world," shoneright down the central line of this passage at midnight. The" Point of Intersection," therefore, where the First AscendingPassage branches upward from the Descending Passage, convincinglymarks the date of the Exodus ; for it was then thatJehovah separated the people of Israel from the world to be a" peculiar treasure " unto himself, and measurably lifted themabove the other nations by giving them the perfect law, andinstituting sacrifices which typically cleansed them from sin.From the beginning of the " zero " year to the date of theExodus, is 2514+ years (4129a B.C. to 16142 B.c.). This intervalis corroborated proportionately by the length of. the prodztcedfloor-line of the First Ascending Passage, from the " zero "point to the " Point of Intersection." For when we deduct .33, that is, half of the perfect number 7, from the number ofinches in this produced line we get, practically, 25144(2514.459 +).The number 3$ is, in the Scriptures, usually associated withsuffering, as, for instance, the 34 years of our Lord's earthlyministry during which he " suffered in the flesh " ; and the34 " times " of oppression against the saints of the Gospel Age.The Apostle tells us that " death reigned from Adan1 to Moses "(Rom. 5 : 14), and hence the special number 3; connected withthe above proportionate measure, mav be taken as indicativeof the condition of suffering in the world because of the deathsentence,before the law of Moses gave the first opportuilityof gaining life.L)il.lzensiovzal Pro;bortions Connected with the " Zero " PointA Precessional Cycle IndicationLt is now established, both in this book, and in the otherentitled : The Great Pyranzid : Its Scientific Features, that manyof the Pyramid's indications are. bascd upon proportionatecalculations, and that this method of proving the numerouscorroborative features of the building is intentional. Thus,by taking advantage of this distinctive past of the Pyramid'sI74scientiiic design, we call show that tlic " zero " year point iscoilnected with a measurement that agrces with the durationof the precessional cycle.It is obvious that the exact location of this geometric " zero "point is altogether dependent upon, not only the two scientificangles of the Pyramid's casing-stone surface and its interiorpassage-ways, but also upon the precise position of the AncientEntrance of the building, and the point on the floor of theDescendiilg Passage from which the First Ascending Passagebranches upward. There is nothing of a haphazard natureabout the " zero " point, therefore, although geometric.The precessional-cycle indication is connected with the fullheight of the Great Pyramid, in conjunction with the positionof the " zero " point ; and the factors used in the calculationare the numbers 3 and 50. When we compute, by the rules oftrigonometry, the full Pyramid-inch length of the straighti~lclined line, from the level of the " zero " point upward to theapex of the Pyramid, we find that 3 times this length, plus thespecial Pyramid number 50, yields the same number as thereare years in the precessional cycle, in this instance 25,695 .277 + .(The inclined height of the Pyramid, from the Socltet-level baseup the casing-stone surface to the apex, the measurement beingtaken up the central line of the building's northern flank, is7391.5578-t Pyramid inches. The length of the producedcasing-stone line, from the Socket-base level down to the levelof the " zero " point, is 1156.8678 +. The sum of these twolengths multiplied by 3, and 50 added, equals 25,695,277 +.Or if we add 7 x 7, i.e., 49, which is also a special Pyramidnumber, we get 25,694.277 +. As we have hitherto noted,the duration of tlic precessional cyclc rangcs bctwccn, or closcto, 25,694 and 25,695 years.)The " Zero " Poinl Level Indicates theSize of the Pyramid.The consistency oi' tlle " zero " point with the Pyramid'sdimensions is still, further supported by the following proportionatecalculation : Regard the level at which this " zero "I75

point is located as constituting a " subterranean " base to thewhole Pyramid.This geometric base is, by calculation, 909.8061 + Pyramidinches vertically below the builhng's Socket-level base ; andthe side-length of this lower base, found by producing thesloping lines of the Pyramid's four flanks downward at thesame casing-stone angle of 51" 51' 14".3 to that precise, , zero " level, is 10,560 .I751 + inches.It is the diagonal of the " zero " base, which indicates thesize of the whole Great Pyramid. For the length of thisgeometric diagonal, plus the Pyramid's basic number 10, isequal in Pyramid inches to the sum of : (I) the vertical Socketto-apexheight, and (2) the length of the Socket-level base-line,of the building. The difference between the sum of these twoprincipal exterior dimensions of the Great Pyramid, and thesum of the " zero " base-diagonal and the complete number 10,is only about 2 of an inch.(The " zero " square base diagonal-length, plus 10, equals 14,944.3428 + inches. The sum of theSocket-to-apex vertical height, and Socket-level base-side length,of the Great Pyramid is 14,944.0651 + inches. The differencebetween these two definite sums is .2777 + of an inch, i.e.,little more than a quarter of an inch.)There are other dimensional proportions connected with the" zero " point, but these are sufficient to prove its authenticity.The " Shortening " of the TimeThere is one possible time-indication in the Great Pyramidwhich ought not to pass unnoticed ; but as it is partly of a dateyet future, we can only draw attention to it by presenting thecalculations which seem to support it as reasonable. Part ofthis time-measurement has already been fulfilled in accordancewith the interpretation we give it, and because of this it is notimpossible that the future part may be fulfilled.Measuring upward from the " zero " year point to the upperend of the First Ascending Passage, adding, as shown, an exactIOO inches to this measure, we arrive at that placein the Pyramid'spassage-system which marks the date of our Lord's death andresurrection, 33 A.D. And contin~ling our 11pward measur~mentM~ I77

to the south end-wall of the Grand Gallery we find the datcI914 A.D. to be here marked. This south wall of the GrandGallery is vertically in alignment above the north wall of therock-cut Subterranean Chamber, which chamber is symbolicalof the destruction into which the nations of Christendom enteredwhen the great war was precipitated upon the unsuspectingworld in Autumn of 1914 A.D.While the " first shot to be fired " in the war was on 28thJune, 1914 A.D., when the Archduke Francis Ferdinand, nephewof the Emperor Francis Joseph, and heir to the Hapsburgthrone, was assasinated in the streets of Serajevo (for historiesof the world-war begin with this date) ; and while exactly amonth later, on 28th July, Austria-Hungary formally dieclaredwar against Serbia ; and on 1st and 3rd August Germanydeclared war on Russia and France ; yet it was when GreatBritain took up arms on midnight of 4th August that thegreatest war in the history of the world can be said to havebegun in earnest.America declared war on Germany on 5th April, 1917 ;and after fully another year and a half of most desperate agony,the Armistioe was signed on 11th November, 1918, largelythrough the peace efforts of President Wilson of the UnitedStates of America. What a prayer of thankfulness and cryof relief went up from the whole earth on that memorableday of the Armistice !It was suggested by Mr. Wm. Reeve of Toronto, Canada, inhis small work on the Pyramid publislled i111909, that the wordsof our Lord Jesus respecting the shortening of the days of trouble,as expressed in Matt. 24 : 21, 22, might be interpreted in thetime-measurements of the Pyramid, by taking the shorterperiod of a month to the inch, instead of a year. He pointedout that this method of measuring could appropriately begin tocount from the south end-wall of the Grand Gallery, as it wasbelieved that this wall marked the date of the commencementof the great tribulation spoken of by the Prophet Daniel, andpointedly referred to by our Lord in the text cited above.For Jesus said : " For then shall be great tribulation, such aswas not since the beginning of the world to this time, no, norever shall be. And except those days should be shortened,178there should no flesh be saved : but for the elect's sake thosedays shall be shortened " (See also Mark 13 : 19, 20).The south wall of the Grand Gallery marks the date 1914 A.D. ;and, in this symbolical representation, the low passage leadinghorizontally southward to the Ante-Chamber illustrates thetroublous time into which Christendom entered in Autumn ofthat year, the Elect themselves experiencing in a special sense thegreat hardships of the period. But, said Jesus, " for the elect'ssake, whom hc hath chosen, he hath shortened the days."(Mr. Wm. Reeve suggested the date 1910 for the beginningof this trouble; but for many years students of the Bibleknew that I914 A.D. was the date foretold in the Scriptures.)When the Armistice was signed a " breathing-space " wasprovided, especially for the Lord's people, the " Elect."The length of the low passage from the line of the GrandGallery's south wall, to the north wall of the Ante-Chamber,agrees in inches with the number of months (Biblical monthsof 30 days each), between the 4th-5th August, 1914 A.D., and11th November, 1918, when the Armistice was signed. (Thefirst low passage is, in its accurate theoretical length, 51.9792 +Pyramid inches, that is, praclically 52 inches. At 30 days tothe inch this length represents 1560 days ; and from the 5thof August, 1914, to the 11th of November, 1918, including theextra day in 1916 which was a leap-year, there were 1560 days.)It is, of course, natural to suggest that, as the first low passageby its length thus exactly agrees with the period of tribulationcaused by the world-war, each inch rcprcsenting thc Biblicalmonth of 30 days, the same scale of measuring along the Antechamber'sfloor to the south wall of that chamber would mark adefinite date there also. Reckoning with the theoretical Ante-Chamber length of 116.2602 + Pyramid inches, and the monthof 30 days to the inch, the period represented is 3487.8, orpractically 3488 days. Taking account of the leap-years,3488 days from 12th November 1918, end on 30th May 1928,which must be close to Pentecost of that year.If we continue the interpretation of the first low passage tothe second low passage, this second passage could be held torepresent the final trouble upon the world, and upon the Lord'schildren (I Thess. 5 : 1-6). The walls, floor and ceiling of theI79

first passage are of limestone, while that of the second are ofgranite ; and the length of the second is, according io thetheoretical measures which we accept, IOO .8434 + Pyramidinches.That the south wall of the Ante-Chamber, which is alsothe north-beginning of the low granite passage leading to theIcing's Chamber, should mark the date 1928 A.D. may beregarded as appropriate enough, and in keeping with the othertime-measurements of the Pyramid ; for this point also marks,by the other method of measuring explained in Section XVI,the date 1878 A.D. Between these two dates is a period of50 years, just as there was a period of 50 days between theparallel date to 1878 A.D., namely, 33 A.D. when our Lord rosefrom the dead, and the great Pentecostal day when God pouredout his Holy Spirit upon his waiting Chu~~ll (Acis 2 : 16-18).The companion books of this series are entitled :The Gvenf Pyramid: Its Scientzjfc Ferrtuvcs(Yarf 1 of r9r4 n.n. and the Great Pyramid)The Great Pyrau~id : Its S$i~iLurzZ Sy~nl.oZisisl/rThree useful books on the Great Pyramid:(I) The Great Pyramid : Its Spiritual Symbolism (144 pages).(2) The Great Pyramid : Its Scientific Features (224 pages).(Part I. of 1914 A.D. and the Great Pyramid.)(3) The Great Pyramid : Its Time Features (184 pages).(Part 11. of 1914 A.D. and the Great Pyramid.)1 Price : For a single copy, 2/3, or 55 cents.6 copies at the rate of z/-, or 50 cents, per copy.12 copies at the rate of ~/g, or 45 cents, per copy.i48 copies and over at the rate of 1/6, or 35 cents, per copy.The three books, printed on stouter paper, may be procured boundtogether in stiff boards covered with good cloth, and title blocked in real gold.Price of above three Pyramid boob bound together in cloth:One copy for 8/6, or $2.00.10 copies at the rate of 7/6, or $1.75, per copy.25 copies and over at the rate of 6/6, or $1.50, per copy.iIjIIIGreat Pyramid ChartThis chart is drawn true to scale from actual measurements taken in thePyramid by Dr. John Edgar, and his brother Morton Edgar, during 1909 and1912. It is the only diagram of this monument which has the accurate lengthof the Descending Passage, and the correct dimensions of the building generally.It can be procured in tluee sizes, but the 44 feet by 3 feet size, printed on cloth,which contains the dimensions of every part of the Pyramid, is speciallyrecommended. The wonderful symbolisms and Pyramid-inch time-measurementsof the building demonstrate beyond all doubt the great importanceof the date 1914 A.D.. one ot the most momentous years in history.The price of the 49 feet by 3 feet size:New Edition, lithographed in five colours on cloth, 4/-, or $1.00, per copy.Old Edition, lithographed in black, on cloth, 3/-, or 75 cents, per copy.Small size, 3 feet by 2 feet, printed in black:On Cloth, Single copy, 1/6, or 35 cents.5 copies, 1/3, or 30 cents, per copy.On Paper, Single copy, 6d., or 12 cents.5 copies, 4d., or 8 cents, per copy.10 or more copies, 3d., or 6 cents, per copy.Special large size, suitable for lecturing from in large halls, 104 feet by 7 feet,hand painted on cloth, coloured, 35/-, or $8.50, per copy.Chronological ChartThis chart of,:he chronology and time-features of the Bib$ is that whichappears in the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society's Bible. It isclearly printed, and proves most helpful to an understanding of the " timesand seasons." It is fully explained in Vol 11 of the work entitled " GreatPyramid Passages."44 feet by 3 feet, printed on cloth, 3/-. or 75 cents, per copy.18-in. by 12-in., on art paper, bound with brass top and bottom for hangingon wall, 3d., or 6 cents, per copy; six or more coples, zid . or 5 cents, per copy.7-in, by 4$-in., stiff art card, twelve copies, 6d., or 12 cents.Postcard size, for correspondence, fifty copies, 1/6, or 35 cents.Address Orders to MORTON EDCAR, 224 West Regent Street, Clasgow, Scotland

NOTICEThe Booklets noticed below are good value. They have been,and still are, much used in the spread of the knowledge ofthe Truth, the subject-matter of each being in perfect harmonywith " Studies in the Scriptures." Many write expressing theirthankful appreciation.These11Bookletsall uniformin sizeand price.Where are the Dead iSocialism and the Bible.Mythology and the Bible.The Great Pyramid and the Bible.Memoirs of Doctor John Edgar.Memoirs of Aunt Sarah.A Tree Planted by the Rivers of Wntcr.The Preservation of Identity in the Resurrection.Abraham's Life-History an Allegory.Faith's Foundations, also Waiting on God.Prayer and the Bible.TWO STYLES OF BINDINGThese handy and useful little books are neatly bouild in distinctivecoloBrs, either in paper covers or in stiff boards covered with good cloth.The cloth-bound brochures have the title blocked in gold on thecover and form a neat little library-a truly valuable little collection,containing a mine of information in a very small space.Paper-bound : Per copy 23d., or 5 cents.One dozen copies. 21-, or 50 cents.50 copies, 71-, or $1.75.IOO copies, 131-, or $3.25.500 copies at the rate of 121-, or $3.00, per loo.1000 copies at the rate of IT/-, or $2.75, per 100.Cloth-bound : Per copy, ad., or 16 cents.Eleven copies, 79d., or 15 cents, per copy.Twenty-two copies, 7d., or 14 cents, per copy.Forty-four copies, 64d.. or 13 cents, per copy.Eighty-eight copies, 6d., or 12 cents, per copy.Note-Ordersfor quantities may be assortedNew Edition " WHERE ARE THE DEAD ? " Large SizeSince first published in 1908, Dr. Edgar's little brochure on" Where are the Dead ? " has had a wide circulation. Many haveexpressed a desire to procure this important address in a largerand more durable form. We have, therefore, prepared a SpecialEdition, printed on stout antique papkr, with large clear type.It is bound in stiff cloth boards, and measures 7&-in. by 5-in.Price : Per copy, 21-, or 50 cents.Ten copies at the rate of 119, or 45 cents, per copy.Address Orders to MORTON EDCAR, 224 West Regent Street, Clasgow, Scotland

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