US3606989A - Fabric-treating composition and method - Google Patents
Fabric-treating composition and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3606989A US3606989A US676634A US3606989DA US3606989A US 3606989 A US3606989 A US 3606989A US 676634 A US676634 A US 676634A US 3606989D A US3606989D A US 3606989DA US 3606989 A US3606989 A US 3606989A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fabric
- polymer
- percent
- composition
- bleach
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 28
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229920005613 synthetic organic polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- -1 alkali metal salts Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 11
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 9
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical compound Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical class OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940077388 benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003605 opacifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001522 polyglycol ester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JHJUUEHSAZXEEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-dodecylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 JHJUUEHSAZXEEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000271 synthetic detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003784 tall oil Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N taurine Chemical compound NCCS(O)(=O)=O XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical group CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXKKHQJGJAFBHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-aminopropan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(O)CN HXKKHQJGJAFBHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHFHDVDXYKOSKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 WHFHDVDXYKOSKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-vinylnaphthalene Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(C=C)=CC=CC2=C1 IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZTBMYHIYNGYIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroacrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)=C SZTBMYHIYNGYIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SBYMUDUGTIKLCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JQXYBDVZAUEPDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylidene-5-phenylpent-4-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(=C)CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 JQXYBDVZAUEPDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIAOLBVUVDXHHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitroethenylbenzene Chemical class [O-][N+](=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PIAOLBVUVDXHHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Chemical class C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Chemical class O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005257 alkyl acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008055 alkyl aryl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BTBJBAZGXNKLQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium lauryl sulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O BTBJBAZGXNKLQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940063953 ammonium lauryl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OPVLOHUACNWTQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;2-dodecoxyethyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound N.CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCOS(O)(=O)=O OPVLOHUACNWTQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SMVRDGHCVNAOIN-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;1-dodecoxydodecane;sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCC SMVRDGHCVNAOIN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ILRSCQWREDREME-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O ILRSCQWREDREME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940060296 dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyldimethylamine N-oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001924 fatty-acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940102253 isopropanolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940037627 magnesium lauryl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HBNDBUATLJAUQM-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;dodecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O HBNDBUATLJAUQM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N mesaconic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C(/C)=C/C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- BPXGKRUSMCVZAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)decanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(CCO)CCO BPXGKRUSMCVZAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SKDZEPBJPGSFHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)tetradecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(CCO)CCO SKDZEPBJPGSFHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M naphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002889 oleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940055577 oleyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCO XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004028 organic sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005740 oxycarbonyl group Chemical group [*:1]OC([*:2])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000864 peroxy group Chemical group O(O*)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940044652 phenolsulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005328 phosphinyl group Chemical group [PH2](=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 229920001596 poly (chlorostyrenes) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006306 polyurethane fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- ONQDVAFWWYYXHM-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium lauryl sulfate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O ONQDVAFWWYYXHM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940116985 potassium lauryl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IYNDBHDAIOZDQC-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])CCCC2=C1 IYNDBHDAIOZDQC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IZWPGJFSBABFGL-GMFCBQQYSA-M sodium;2-[methyl-[(z)-octadec-9-enoyl]amino]ethanesulfonate Chemical class [Na+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CCS([O-])(=O)=O IZWPGJFSBABFGL-GMFCBQQYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OFGIQHQRUSYPOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;tridecylbenzene Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 OFGIQHQRUSYPOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003080 taurine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-N trans-cinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Chemical class OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
- C11D3/3765—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions in liquid compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/395—Bleaching agents
- C11D3/3956—Liquid compositions
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
- D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
- D06L4/20—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which contain halogen
- D06L4/22—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which contain halogen using inorganic agents
- D06L4/23—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which contain halogen using inorganic agents using hypohalogenites
Definitions
- FABRIC-TREATING COMPOSITION AND METHOD BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1.
- the term fabric herein refers to woven and nonwoven goods formed of fibers of natural materials e.g. cotton and silk fibers and synthetic materials e.g. nylon, polyester, polyolefin and polyurethane fibers. More particularly, the invention is concerned with such fabrics which are likely to be subjected to multiple washings e.g. shirts, blouses, sheets and the like.
- bleach compositions containing insoluble particulate synthetic organic polymer suspended therein can be employed in washing cycles to deposit the polymer particles on the fabric whereby the brightness of the fabric is enhanced beyond that produced by the bleach alone. Moreover, successive treatments with such a bleach composition further increase brightness.
- a method of treating fabric is provided, therefore, to increase the fabric brightness, which includes wetting the fabric with dilute aqueous solution of household bleach i.e. sodium hypochlorite, containing suspended a particulate synthetic organic polymer and depositing the polymer onto the fabric, thereby to increase the percent light reflection from the fabric when dried.
- the deposition is conveniently effected during a conventional washing cycle in the presence of a soap or other synthetic detergent, e.g. an anionic synthetic detergent.
- the bleach composition used in the foregoing method consists essentially of a dilute aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite having a pH above and suspended therein a particulate synthetic organic polymer having a specific gravity between 0.95 and 1.2, the polymer being separable from the solution onto the fabric to be treated by contact therewith.
- the solution pH is generally attributable to the presence of free alkali, NaOH, or to the presence of a strongly basic salt such as sodium carbonate.
- the particulate polymer is generally present in a perceptible amount e.g. between 0.1 and 5 percent by weight and has a particle size between 0.05 and 5 microns.
- the index of refraction of the polymer is typically at least 0.05 unit greater than that of the dilute aqueous hypochlorite solution whereby the presence of the polymer is readily detectable in the solution, which appears opacified.
- Miscellaneous additives for specific purposes can be present in the compositions hereof including an anionic surfactant e.g. in an amount lowering the surface tension of the composition to less than 45 dynes/centimeter, or other additives for imparting specific qualities to the bleach composition and/or the fabric.
- the bleach composition takes on a more substantial appearance which is pleasing to the consumer and an important advantage in terms of sales appeal.
- the fabric-treating composition of the present invention includes dilute aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite.
- this solution will contain sufilcient free alkali to have a pH of at least about 10 and preferably sufficient alkali to have a pH of l 1.5 or more e.g. 0.1 to 1.0 percent by weight free alkali.
- Percent concentrations of sodium hypochlorite will be above 2.5 percent and generally be less than 10 percent; most solutions being in the range of 3 to 7 percent by weight sodium hypochlorite.
- Other bleaching agents may be used including other alkali metal salts generating bromine or chlorine in aqueous solution. Nonetheless sodium hypochlorite is the compound of choice.
- the second nonaqueous component of the present composition is the water insoluble synthetic organic polymer which is of a particle size and constitution permitting suspension in the aqueous hypochlorite solution.
- Particle size will generally range between 0.05 and 5 microns, with smaller sizes being less visible and larger sizes less stable in suspension in typical compositions within the invention.
- Concentrations of the polymer will range from an effective amount for imparting added brightness through deposition on fabric to that amount forming a deposit visible as such on fabric. Convenient concentrations are between 0.1 and 5 percent by weight, with 0.3 to 3 percent by weight being particularly preferred, both on a solids basis.
- polymers exhibit an index of refraction more than 0.05 unit greater than the index of the aqueous hypochlorite solution.
- the polymer particles are perceptible as a component of the composition although not individually visible i.e. an opacity is imparted to the bleach composition.
- the synthetic organic polymer is any chemical species substantially insoluble and nonreactive in the bleach solution. Numerous polymers will have the requisite chemical stability i.e. resistance to oxidation. In addition the polymer should be easily suspendible in the bleach composition i.e. be physically stable in the bleach. This property is realized in polymers having polar groups along the polymer chain e.g. hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, peroxy, ester, amide, nitrile and similar hydrophilic groups. With such groups, the polymer chain per se can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic e.g. a polymer of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer including olefins e.g.
- ethylene, propylene, butene-l vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons and derivafives e.g. styrene, p-methyl styrene, p-ethyl styrene, amethyl styrene, monochlorostyrene, polychlorostyrenes, nitrostyrenes, vinyl naphthalenes, vinyl diphenyl, divinyl benzene; vinyl esters, ethers and amides, e.g.
- acrylic and a-substituted acrylic acid derivatives including esters, amides and nitriles such as the alkyl esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, chloracrylic acid, phenyl acrylic acid, methacrylamide, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile; derivatives of a, B-unsaturated dibasic acids such as the esters, amides and nitriles of maleic, fumaric, itaconic, citraconic, mesaconic acids and the like; vinylidene compounds, dienes, isoolefins and the like.
- Copolymers of two or more of the foregoing may be employed. Particularly effective are copolymers of the styrenes with between 5 and 25 percent and preferably up to 15 percent by weight of an acid group containing comonomer such as, among the organic acid groups, a carboxyl, ester, and nitrile group and among the inorganic acid groups a phosphonic, sulfonic or sulfonate group some of which comonomers are listed above. These polymers are preferred to have specific gravities above about 1.0 at 25 C. and will generally be between 0.95 and 1.2 in specific gravity.
- the acid group is an ester group it may have the structure A R in which A is an acid radical particularly selected from oxycarbonyl, sulfo or phosphinyl groups and R is an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- A is an acid radical particularly selected from oxycarbonyl, sulfo or phosphinyl groups and R is an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the term acid group has reference to the capacity of the group to act as a proton donor in aqueous media.
- the foregoing polymers may be prepared by any of the polymerization techniques known in the art such as mass, suspension, emulsion or solution techniques.
- preferred copolymers of styrene and acid group containing monomer are prepared by emulsion polymerization and with or without the added presence of an emulsion stabilizer such as a vinyl ester-maleic anhydride salt which finished emulsion may be incorporated directly, emulsifiers and all, into the aqueous hypochlorite solutions.
- Surfactants in small but effective amounts may be employed in the bleach composition added either along with emulsion polymerized polymer or separately.
- washing solutions containing 16 gallons of 150 ppm. hardness water, a cup of 6 percent bleach solution (243 ppm. available chlorine) and 0.2 percent Tide detergent were prepared.
- the bleach solution contained 0.3 percent (solids basis) of styrene-methacrylic acid emulsion copolymer (10 percent acid) having a particle size of about 0.3 microns as an opacifier brightener. In the Control the opacifier was omitted from the bleach solution.
- a panel of 100 persons was requested to compare nylon and cotton swatches produced in the above washings. 80 percent of those inspecting the cloths selected the opacified bleach (example) whitened cloth, nylon or cotton, as whiter than the corresponding nonopacified bleach (Control) cloths.
- surfactants are anionic aromatic detergents, e.g. water-soluble higher alkyl aryl sulfonate detergents particularly those having from 8 to about 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl group. It is preferred to use the higher alkyl benzene sulfonate detergent for optimum effects, though other similar detergents having a mononuclear aryl nucleus, such as toluene, xylene, or phenol, may be used also.
- anionic aromatic detergents e.g. water-soluble higher alkyl aryl sulfonate detergents particularly those having from 8 to about 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl group. It is preferred to use the higher alkyl benzene sulfonate detergent for optimum effects, though other similar detergents having a mononuclear aryl nucleus, such as toluene, xylene, or phenol, may be used also.
- the higher alkyl substituent on the aromatic nucleus may be branched or straight-chained in structure, examples of such group being nonyl, dodecyl and pentadecyl groups derived from polymers oflower monooleflns, decyl, keryl, and the like.
- suitable aliphatic anionic detergents are the normal and secondary higher alkyl sulfate detergents, particularly those having about 8 to 15 carbons in the fatty alcohol residue, such as lauryl (or coconut fatty alcohol) sulfate.
- suitable detergents are the sulfuric acid esters of polyhydric alcohols incompletely esterified with higher fatty acids, e.g. oleic acid ester of isothionic acid; the higher fatty acid (e.g. coconut) ethanolamide sulfate; the higher fatty acid amide of amino alkyl sulfonic acids, e.g. lauric acid amide of taurine; and the like.
- sulfate and sulfonate detergents are used in the form of their water-soluble salts, such as the alkali metal and nitrogen-containing, e.g. lower alkylolamine, salts.
- alkali metal and nitrogen-containing e.g. lower alkylolamine
- examples are the sodium, potassium, ammonium, isopropanolamine. monoand tri-ethanolamine salts of said higher alkyl benzene sulfonate, higher alkyl sulfate and the like.
- the sodium salt of a sulfate ester of an alkylphenoxypoly (ethyleneoxy) ethanol the ammonium salt of this sulfate ester, sodium methyl oleyl taurate, sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, alkyl acyl sodium sulfonate, sodium tetrahydronaphthalene sulfonate, sodium alkyl aryl sulfomate, alkyl amido sulfate, cocomonoglyceride sulfate, dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate, dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, tridecylbenzene sodium sulfonate, fatty alcohol sodium sulfate, sodium dodecyl diphenyl oxide disulfonate, sulfonated castor oil, polyethoxyalkyl phenol sulfonate triethanolamine salts, sodium triethanolamine alkyl ary
- suitable nonionic surfactants include those such as produced by the introduction of alkylene oxide group into an organic hydrophobic compound or group having an aliphatic or aromatic structure.
- the hydrophobic organic group generally contains at least eight carbon atoms and up to about 30 carbon atoms. Condensed with the hydrophobic group are at least 5 and preferably up to about 50 alkylene oxide groups. It is preferred to use the polyoxyethylene condensates derived from ethylene oxide.
- the polyalkylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenol such as the polyoxyethylene ethers or alkyl phenols having an alkyl group of at least about six, and usually about eight to 12 carbons, and an ethylene oxide ratio (number of moles per phenol) of about 7.5, 8.5, 11.5, or 20, though the number of ethylene oxide groups will be usually from about eight to 18.
- alkyl substituent on the aromatic nucleus may be di-isobutylene, diamyl, polymerized propylene, dimerized C -C olefin, and the like.
- nonionics are the polyoxyalkylene esters of organic acids, such as the higher fatty acids, rosin acids, tall oil acids, or acids from the oxidation of petroleum, et cetera. These polyglycol esters will contain usually from about 12 to about 30 moles of ethylene oxide or its equivalent and about eight to 22 carbons in the acyl group. Suitable products are refined tall oil condensed with 16 or 20 ethylene oxide groups, or similar polyglycol esters of lauric, stearic, oleic acids, etc.
- Additional nonionic agents are the polyalkylene oxide condensates with higher fatty acid amides, such as the higher fatty acid primary amides, monoand di-ethanolamides.
- Suitable agents are coconut fatty acid amide condensed with about 10 to 50 moles of ethylene oxide.
- the fatty acyl group will have similarly about eight to 22 carbons, and usually about 10 to 18 carbon atoms, in such products.
- the corresponding sulfonamides may be used also if desired.
- polyether nonionic detergents are the polyalkylene oxide ethers of high aliphatic alcohols.
- Suitable fatty alcohols having a hydrophobic character, preferably eight to 22 carbons, are lauryl, myristyl, cetyl, stearyl and oleyl alcohols which may be condensed with an appropriate amount of ethylene oxide, such as at least about six, and preferably about 10 to 30 moles.
- a typical product is oleyl alcohol condensed with about l2, l5 or 20 moles of ethylene oxide.
- the corresponding higher alkyl mercaptans or thio-alcohols condensed with ethylene oxide are suitable in the present invention also.
- the water-soluble polyoxyethylene condensates with hydrophobic polyoxypropylene glycols may be employed also.
- nonionic materials are the higher fatty acid alkanolamides, such as the monoethanolamides, diethanolamides and isopropanolamides wherein the acyl radical has about 10 to 14 carbon atoms and amine oxides.
- examples are coconut (or equivalent lauric), capric and myristic diethanolamide, monoethanolamide and isopropanolamide.
- Composition for treating a fabric to increase the brightness thereof consisting of an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite having a pH above suitable for bleaching said fabric, a nonionic or anionic surfactant selected from organic sulfates, organic sulfonates, polyoxyalkylene ethers, esters and amides, and fatty acid alkanolamides wherein the acyl group has about 10 to 14 carbon atoms in an amount sufi'icient to lower the surface tension of the composition at 25 C.
- composition according to claim 1 in which said styrene polymer consists essentially of copolymerized styrene monomer and from 5 to 25 percent by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a polar group selected from the group consisting of sulfonic, sulfonate, phosphoric and carboxylic-acid groups.
- Method of treating fabric to increase the brightness thereof without the use of fluorescing brighteners which includes intimately wetting the fabric with the composition claimed in claim 1 and depositing said polymer onto said fabric thereby to increase light-reflectance from said fabric when dried.
Abstract
Fabrics are increased in brightness by deposition thereon of particulate synthetic organic polymer of a size to be suspendible in dilute aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite, conveniently during an otherwise conventional fabric washing operation.
Description
United States Patent lnventor William .I. Park Hacienda Heights, Calif.
Appl. No. 676,634
Filed Oct. 19, 1967 Patented Sept. 21, 1971 Assignee Purex Corporation, Ltd.
Lakewood, Calif.
FABRIC-TREATING COMPOSITION AND M ETHOD 3 Claims, No Drawings U.S. Cl. 8/108, 8/101, 752/95 Int. 01...... D061 3/08, D061 3/12 Primary Examiner- Leon D. Rosdol Assistant Examiner-Arnold l. Rady AttorneyWhite, Haefliger & Bachand ABSTRACT: Fabrics are increased in brightness by deposition thereon of particulate synthetic organic polymer of a size to be suspendible in dilute aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite, conveniently during an otherwise conventional fabric washing operation.
FABRIC-TREATING COMPOSITION AND METHOD BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention has to do with brightening fabrics. The term fabric herein refers to woven and nonwoven goods formed of fibers of natural materials e.g. cotton and silk fibers and synthetic materials e.g. nylon, polyester, polyolefin and polyurethane fibers. More particularly, the invention is concerned with such fabrics which are likely to be subjected to multiple washings e.g. shirts, blouses, sheets and the like.
In the course of multiple washings, fabrics tend to a dullness or greying which is desirably overcome e.g. by bleaching. Bleaching however does not impart brightness.
2. Prior Art Efforts to improve fabric brightness following washings have included incorporation of fluorescent compounds in detergent materials. These compounds are expensive and being water dispersible are largely rinsed away from the fabric. Moreover, increases in brightness with successive exposure to .these compounds in a series of washings are not visibly additive due to competing sorption and desorption of the fluorescent dye with a net low order of dye retention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is a major objective of the present invention to increase the brightness of fabrics, and to so in a manner readily compatible with present washing practices and in addition, provide appreciable cumulative increases in brightness in continued series washings.
It has now been found that bleach compositions containing insoluble particulate synthetic organic polymer suspended therein can be employed in washing cycles to deposit the polymer particles on the fabric whereby the brightness of the fabric is enhanced beyond that produced by the bleach alone. Moreover, successive treatments with such a bleach composition further increase brightness.
A method of treating fabric is provided, therefore, to increase the fabric brightness, which includes wetting the fabric with dilute aqueous solution of household bleach i.e. sodium hypochlorite, containing suspended a particulate synthetic organic polymer and depositing the polymer onto the fabric, thereby to increase the percent light reflection from the fabric when dried. The deposition is conveniently effected during a conventional washing cycle in the presence of a soap or other synthetic detergent, e.g. an anionic synthetic detergent.
The bleach composition used in the foregoing method consists essentially of a dilute aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite having a pH above and suspended therein a particulate synthetic organic polymer having a specific gravity between 0.95 and 1.2, the polymer being separable from the solution onto the fabric to be treated by contact therewith. The solution pH is generally attributable to the presence of free alkali, NaOH, or to the presence of a strongly basic salt such as sodium carbonate.
The particulate polymer is generally present in a perceptible amount e.g. between 0.1 and 5 percent by weight and has a particle size between 0.05 and 5 microns. In addition the index of refraction of the polymer is typically at least 0.05 unit greater than that of the dilute aqueous hypochlorite solution whereby the presence of the polymer is readily detectable in the solution, which appears opacified.
Miscellaneous additives for specific purposes can be present in the compositions hereof including an anionic surfactant e.g. in an amount lowering the surface tension of the composition to less than 45 dynes/centimeter, or other additives for imparting specific qualities to the bleach composition and/or the fabric.
It will be noted that if an opacifying amount of particulate polymer is employed, the bleach composition takes on a more substantial appearance which is pleasing to the consumer and an important advantage in terms of sales appeal.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The fabric-treating composition of the present invention includes dilute aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite. In common with conventional bleach solution this solution will contain sufilcient free alkali to have a pH of at least about 10 and preferably sufficient alkali to have a pH of l 1.5 or more e.g. 0.1 to 1.0 percent by weight free alkali. Percent concentrations of sodium hypochlorite will be above 2.5 percent and generally be less than 10 percent; most solutions being in the range of 3 to 7 percent by weight sodium hypochlorite. Other bleaching agents may be used including other alkali metal salts generating bromine or chlorine in aqueous solution. Nonetheless sodium hypochlorite is the compound of choice.
The second nonaqueous component of the present composition is the water insoluble synthetic organic polymer which is of a particle size and constitution permitting suspension in the aqueous hypochlorite solution. Particle size will generally range between 0.05 and 5 microns, with smaller sizes being less visible and larger sizes less stable in suspension in typical compositions within the invention. Concentrations of the polymer will range from an effective amount for imparting added brightness through deposition on fabric to that amount forming a deposit visible as such on fabric. Convenient concentrations are between 0.1 and 5 percent by weight, with 0.3 to 3 percent by weight being particularly preferred, both on a solids basis.
It is further characteristic of preferred polymers that they exhibit an index of refraction more than 0.05 unit greater than the index of the aqueous hypochlorite solution. As such the polymer particles are perceptible as a component of the composition although not individually visible i.e. an opacity is imparted to the bleach composition.
The synthetic organic polymer is any chemical species substantially insoluble and nonreactive in the bleach solution. Numerous polymers will have the requisite chemical stability i.e. resistance to oxidation. In addition the polymer should be easily suspendible in the bleach composition i.e. be physically stable in the bleach. This property is realized in polymers having polar groups along the polymer chain e.g. hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, peroxy, ester, amide, nitrile and similar hydrophilic groups. With such groups, the polymer chain per se can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic e.g. a polymer of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer including olefins e.g.
ethylene, propylene, butene-l; vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons and derivafives e.g. styrene, p-methyl styrene, p-ethyl styrene, amethyl styrene, monochlorostyrene, polychlorostyrenes, nitrostyrenes, vinyl naphthalenes, vinyl diphenyl, divinyl benzene; vinyl esters, ethers and amides, e.g. vinyl acetate, methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, etc., acrylic and a-substituted acrylic acid derivatives including esters, amides and nitriles such as the alkyl esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, chloracrylic acid, phenyl acrylic acid, methacrylamide, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile; derivatives of a, B-unsaturated dibasic acids such as the esters, amides and nitriles of maleic, fumaric, itaconic, citraconic, mesaconic acids and the like; vinylidene compounds, dienes, isoolefins and the like. Copolymers of two or more of the foregoing may be employed. Particularly effective are copolymers of the styrenes with between 5 and 25 percent and preferably up to 15 percent by weight of an acid group containing comonomer such as, among the organic acid groups, a carboxyl, ester, and nitrile group and among the inorganic acid groups a phosphonic, sulfonic or sulfonate group some of which comonomers are listed above. These polymers are preferred to have specific gravities above about 1.0 at 25 C. and will generally be between 0.95 and 1.2 in specific gravity. Where the acid group is an ester group it may have the structure A R in which A is an acid radical particularly selected from oxycarbonyl, sulfo or phosphinyl groups and R is an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The term acid group has reference to the capacity of the group to act as a proton donor in aqueous media.
The foregoing polymers may be prepared by any of the polymerization techniques known in the art such as mass, suspension, emulsion or solution techniques. Conveniently, preferred copolymers of styrene and acid group containing monomer are prepared by emulsion polymerization and with or without the added presence of an emulsion stabilizer such as a vinyl ester-maleic anhydride salt which finished emulsion may be incorporated directly, emulsifiers and all, into the aqueous hypochlorite solutions.
Surfactants in small but effective amounts may be employed in the bleach composition added either along with emulsion polymerized polymer or separately.
EXAMPLE All parts are by weight.
Washing solutions containing 16 gallons of 150 ppm. hardness water, a cup of 6 percent bleach solution (243 ppm. available chlorine) and 0.2 percent Tide detergent were prepared. In the example the bleach solution contained 0.3 percent (solids basis) of styrene-methacrylic acid emulsion copolymer (10 percent acid) having a particle size of about 0.3 microns as an opacifier brightener. In the Control the opacifier was omitted from the bleach solution.
Swatches of cotton, nylon and polyester cloth were washed successively five times at 120 F. for minutes. Percent reflectance for six swatches of each cloth was measured after odd-numbered washings using a Gardner Color Difference Meter and Hunter D-40 Reflectometer. In all instances the reflectance values for the opacified bleach exceeded those of the nonopacified conventional (Control) bleach. Measurements for blue-red and yellow-green values showed consistently superiority or equivalence for the opacified bleach washed cloths.
A panel of 100 persons was requested to compare nylon and cotton swatches produced in the above washings. 80 percent of those inspecting the cloths selected the opacified bleach (example) whitened cloth, nylon or cotton, as whiter than the corresponding nonopacified bleach (Control) cloths.
Duplication of the above experiment with particulate depositable polymer contents of 0.1, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 3 and 5 percent (solids basis) provides equivalent results.
Softness or hand of the fabric was not deleteriously affected by the deposit of polymer.
Among suitable surfactants are anionic aromatic detergents, e.g. water-soluble higher alkyl aryl sulfonate detergents particularly those having from 8 to about 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl group. It is preferred to use the higher alkyl benzene sulfonate detergent for optimum effects, though other similar detergents having a mononuclear aryl nucleus, such as toluene, xylene, or phenol, may be used also. The higher alkyl substituent on the aromatic nucleus may be branched or straight-chained in structure, examples of such group being nonyl, dodecyl and pentadecyl groups derived from polymers oflower monooleflns, decyl, keryl, and the like.
Illustrative of suitable aliphatic anionic detergents are the normal and secondary higher alkyl sulfate detergents, particularly those having about 8 to 15 carbons in the fatty alcohol residue, such as lauryl (or coconut fatty alcohol) sulfate. Other suitable detergents are the sulfuric acid esters of polyhydric alcohols incompletely esterified with higher fatty acids, e.g. oleic acid ester of isothionic acid; the higher fatty acid (e.g. coconut) ethanolamide sulfate; the higher fatty acid amide of amino alkyl sulfonic acids, e.g. lauric acid amide of taurine; and the like.
These sulfate and sulfonate detergents are used in the form of their water-soluble salts, such as the alkali metal and nitrogen-containing, e.g. lower alkylolamine, salts. Examples are the sodium, potassium, ammonium, isopropanolamine. monoand tri-ethanolamine salts of said higher alkyl benzene sulfonate, higher alkyl sulfate and the like. In commercial practice, it is preferred to use the alkali metal salts.
Typical specific examples are:
the sodium salt of a sulfate ester of an alkylphenoxypoly (ethyleneoxy) ethanol, the ammonium salt of this sulfate ester, sodium methyl oleyl taurate, sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, alkyl acyl sodium sulfonate, sodium tetrahydronaphthalene sulfonate, sodium alkyl aryl sulfomate, alkyl amido sulfate, cocomonoglyceride sulfate, dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate, dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, tridecylbenzene sodium sulfonate, fatty alcohol sodium sulfate, sodium dodecyl diphenyl oxide disulfonate, sulfonated castor oil, polyethoxyalkyl phenol sulfonate triethanolamine salts, sodium triethanolamine alkyl aryl sulfonate, magnesium lauryl sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl ether sulfate, ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, sodium tallow sulfate, dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate, oleyl methyl tauride, ammonium lauryl sulfate, amide sulfonate, and the like.
In general, suitable nonionic surfactants include those such as produced by the introduction of alkylene oxide group into an organic hydrophobic compound or group having an aliphatic or aromatic structure. The hydrophobic organic group generally contains at least eight carbon atoms and up to about 30 carbon atoms. Condensed with the hydrophobic group are at least 5 and preferably up to about 50 alkylene oxide groups. It is preferred to use the polyoxyethylene condensates derived from ethylene oxide. It is preferred to use the polyalkylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenol, such as the polyoxyethylene ethers or alkyl phenols having an alkyl group of at least about six, and usually about eight to 12 carbons, and an ethylene oxide ratio (number of moles per phenol) of about 7.5, 8.5, 11.5, or 20, though the number of ethylene oxide groups will be usually from about eight to 18. The alkyl substituent on the aromatic nucleus may be di-isobutylene, diamyl, polymerized propylene, dimerized C -C olefin, and the like.
Further suitable nonionics are the polyoxyalkylene esters of organic acids, such as the higher fatty acids, rosin acids, tall oil acids, or acids from the oxidation of petroleum, et cetera. These polyglycol esters will contain usually from about 12 to about 30 moles of ethylene oxide or its equivalent and about eight to 22 carbons in the acyl group. Suitable products are refined tall oil condensed with 16 or 20 ethylene oxide groups, or similar polyglycol esters of lauric, stearic, oleic acids, etc.
Additional nonionic agents are the polyalkylene oxide condensates with higher fatty acid amides, such as the higher fatty acid primary amides, monoand di-ethanolamides. Suitable agents are coconut fatty acid amide condensed with about 10 to 50 moles of ethylene oxide. The fatty acyl group will have similarly about eight to 22 carbons, and usually about 10 to 18 carbon atoms, in such products. The corresponding sulfonamides may be used also if desired.
Other suitable polyether nonionic detergents are the polyalkylene oxide ethers of high aliphatic alcohols. Suitable fatty alcohols having a hydrophobic character, preferably eight to 22 carbons, are lauryl, myristyl, cetyl, stearyl and oleyl alcohols which may be condensed with an appropriate amount of ethylene oxide, such as at least about six, and preferably about 10 to 30 moles. A typical product is oleyl alcohol condensed with about l2, l5 or 20 moles of ethylene oxide. The corresponding higher alkyl mercaptans or thio-alcohols condensed with ethylene oxide are suitable in the present invention also. The water-soluble polyoxyethylene condensates with hydrophobic polyoxypropylene glycols may be employed also.
Further suitable nonionic materials are the higher fatty acid alkanolamides, such as the monoethanolamides, diethanolamides and isopropanolamides wherein the acyl radical has about 10 to 14 carbon atoms and amine oxides. Examples are coconut (or equivalent lauric), capric and myristic diethanolamide, monoethanolamide and isopropanolamide. dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide and dimentyl acetoxyalkylamine oxide where alkyl is C -C lclaim:
1. Composition for treating a fabric to increase the brightness thereof consisting of an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite having a pH above suitable for bleaching said fabric, a nonionic or anionic surfactant selected from organic sulfates, organic sulfonates, polyoxyalkylene ethers, esters and amides, and fatty acid alkanolamides wherein the acyl group has about 10 to 14 carbon atoms in an amount sufi'icient to lower the surface tension of the composition at 25 C. to less than 45 dynes per centimeter and suspended therein, from 0.l to 5 percent, based on the weight of the composition of a particulate styrene polymer insoluble and nonreactive in said solution having a particle size between 0.05 and 5 microns, an index of refraction more than 0.05 unit greater than the solution and a specific gravity between 0.95 and 1.2 at 25 C., said polymer deposited onto the fabric by fabric treatment with said composition increasing the fabric brightness by increasing the light reflection from the fabric.
2. Composition according to claim 1 in which said styrene polymer consists essentially of copolymerized styrene monomer and from 5 to 25 percent by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a polar group selected from the group consisting of sulfonic, sulfonate, phosphoric and carboxylic-acid groups.
3. Method of treating fabric to increase the brightness thereof without the use of fluorescing brighteners which includes intimately wetting the fabric with the composition claimed in claim 1 and depositing said polymer onto said fabric thereby to increase light-reflectance from said fabric when dried.
Claims (2)
- 2. Composition according to claim 1 in which said styrene polymer consists essentially of copolymerized styrene monomer and from 5 to 25 percent by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a polar group selected from the group consisting of sulfonic, sulfonate, phosphoric and carboxylic-acid groups.
- 3. Method of treating fabric to increase the brightness thereof without the use of fluorescing brighteners which includes intimately wetting the fabric with the composition claimed in claim 1 and depositing said polymer onto said fabric thereby to increase light-reflectance from said fabric when dried.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US67663467A | 1967-10-19 | 1967-10-19 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US3606989A true US3606989A (en) | 1971-09-21 |
Family
ID=24715311
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US676634A Expired - Lifetime US3606989A (en) | 1967-10-19 | 1967-10-19 | Fabric-treating composition and method |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3606989A (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2218381A1 (en) * | 1973-02-16 | 1974-09-13 | Procter & Gamble | |
US3878037A (en) * | 1973-06-29 | 1975-04-15 | Betz Laboratories | Method of enhancing the hypochlorite bleaching of pulp |
US3956165A (en) * | 1973-06-29 | 1976-05-11 | Betz Laboratories, Inc. | Bleaching aid |
FR2442885A1 (en) * | 1978-08-09 | 1980-06-27 | Pintochimie Sa | Increasing the viscosity of hypochlorite soln. - esp. sodium and potassium, by addn. of about twenty per cent polyacrylate |
DE3934065A1 (en) * | 1989-10-12 | 1991-04-18 | Juergen Ufer | Pair of crutches which can be fastened together - by peg attached to one crutch which fits in socket in handgrip of other crutch |
WO1997046659A1 (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1997-12-11 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Aqueous bleaching agents |
FR2813313A1 (en) * | 2000-08-25 | 2002-03-01 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | COMPOSITION BASED ON NANOPARTICLES OR NANOLATEX POLYMERS FOR LAUNDRY CARE |
WO2002103106A1 (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2002-12-27 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Method for treating surfaces of textiles and non-textiles, in such a way as to stimulate the detachment of dirt |
US20030109413A1 (en) * | 2001-07-11 | 2003-06-12 | Cedric Geffroy | Process for cleaning a surface using an aqueous composition containing a dispersed polymer |
US7488351B2 (en) | 2003-07-24 | 2009-02-10 | Columbia Insurance Company | Methods of treating and cleaning fibers, carpet yarns and carpets |
US20090156455A1 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2009-06-18 | Francesc Corominas | Compositions With Durable Pearlescent Aesthetics |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3326807A (en) * | 1963-02-15 | 1967-06-20 | Ici Ltd | Detergent compositions |
-
1967
- 1967-10-19 US US676634A patent/US3606989A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3326807A (en) * | 1963-02-15 | 1967-06-20 | Ici Ltd | Detergent compositions |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2218381A1 (en) * | 1973-02-16 | 1974-09-13 | Procter & Gamble | |
US3878037A (en) * | 1973-06-29 | 1975-04-15 | Betz Laboratories | Method of enhancing the hypochlorite bleaching of pulp |
US3956165A (en) * | 1973-06-29 | 1976-05-11 | Betz Laboratories, Inc. | Bleaching aid |
FR2442885A1 (en) * | 1978-08-09 | 1980-06-27 | Pintochimie Sa | Increasing the viscosity of hypochlorite soln. - esp. sodium and potassium, by addn. of about twenty per cent polyacrylate |
DE3934065A1 (en) * | 1989-10-12 | 1991-04-18 | Juergen Ufer | Pair of crutches which can be fastened together - by peg attached to one crutch which fits in socket in handgrip of other crutch |
WO1997046659A1 (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1997-12-11 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Aqueous bleaching agents |
FR2813313A1 (en) * | 2000-08-25 | 2002-03-01 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | COMPOSITION BASED ON NANOPARTICLES OR NANOLATEX POLYMERS FOR LAUNDRY CARE |
WO2002103106A1 (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2002-12-27 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Method for treating surfaces of textiles and non-textiles, in such a way as to stimulate the detachment of dirt |
US20040250354A1 (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2004-12-16 | Christoph Hamers | Method for treating surfaces of textiles and non-textiles, in such a way as to stimulate the detachment of dirt |
US20030109413A1 (en) * | 2001-07-11 | 2003-06-12 | Cedric Geffroy | Process for cleaning a surface using an aqueous composition containing a dispersed polymer |
US7094747B2 (en) | 2001-07-11 | 2006-08-22 | Rhodia Chimie | Process for cleaning a surface using an aqueous composition containing a dispersed polymer |
US7488351B2 (en) | 2003-07-24 | 2009-02-10 | Columbia Insurance Company | Methods of treating and cleaning fibers, carpet yarns and carpets |
US20090156455A1 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2009-06-18 | Francesc Corominas | Compositions With Durable Pearlescent Aesthetics |
US8648029B2 (en) * | 2007-10-29 | 2014-02-11 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Composition comprising a diester quaternary ammonium fabric softener with durable pearlescent aesthetics |
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