US2962448A - Detergent composition - Google Patents

Description

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DETERGENT COMPOSITION Vladimir Dvorkovitz, Kansas City, Mo., and Neil W. Berst and George G. Leist, Evanston, 111., assignors to The Diversey Corporation, a corporation of Illinois No Drawing. Filed July 15, 1955, Ser. No. 522,371

2 Claims, (Cl. 252-152) This invention relates to additives that reduce the skin irritation that is normally associated with the use of detergent formulations, the commercial application of said additives and detergent formulations containing said additives.

We "have discovered that when water-soluble acids such as a N-higher acyl sarcosin and/or water-soluble salts of said acids such as sodium N-lauroy-l sarcosimate, as well as materials that form said salts and/or acids upon hydration or when in contact with the skin, are combined with detergents or detergent solutions (i.e., aqueous solutions, etc.), they tend to reduce the skin irritation that is normally associated with detergent formulations. The water-soluble salts include alkali metal, amine and ammonium salts; the salts have been found to be generally as eiiective as the corresponding free acid. These materials shall herein be referred to as additive(s) The additives, as well as combinations of the additives, are particularly eiiective when used in conjunction with alkaline detergents; however, they may also be employed with substantially neutral detergents as well as detergent formulations containing mixtures of alkaline detergent(s) plus substantially neutral detergent(s).

The additives may be employed with alkaline detergents such as phosphates, complex phosphates, silicates, soda ash, caustic, borates and the like which may contain alkali metal, amine and ammonium substituents.

The term substantially neutral detergents includes anionic detergents such as exemplified by Oronite D-60 (about 60% sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and about 40% sodium sulfate) as well as nonionic detergents such as exemplified by Triton X-lOO (isooctylphenyl ether of decaethylene glycol). Anionic detergents such as alkali metal, amine and ammonium salts of alkyl aryl sulfonic acids and nonionic detergents such as alkyl aryl ether alcohols are illustrative of the various substantially neutral detergents that may be employed in combination with one or more of the additives.

One of the conventional methods of studying skin irritation (e,g., in regard to humans) is to intradermally inject 0.5 cc. of the detergent formulation being tested into freshly shaved American chinchilla rabbits. Observations are made after 24 hours and readings are made on the basis of a scale of (for no irritation) to (for very bad irritation). j

Tests were first started using male chincilla rabbits for test animals in accordance with the above-mentioned conventional test procedure. It was found, however, that about /3 to about /2 of the test rabbits had large, dark pigmented areas of skin that made the interpretation of results ditficult. Male albino rabbits were then obtained, and a series of conventional tests were made with both types of rabbits to determine if the same results, or at least the same relative results would be obtained with either kind of rabbit. The results ofv these comparison tests are shown in Table I. .A series of raw.

materials common to detergent formulations were injected at concentrations of /2 ounce per gallon with an injection pattern reading'from the back of the rabbit to the front:

where 1-2 were saline solution controls, 3-4, 5-6 and 7-8 were duplicate injections of three raw materials (e.g., 3-4 were tetrasodium pyrophosphate, 5-6 were Sterile solutions were used for all tests, and observations were made after 24 hours;.

trisodium phosphate, etc.).

a rating was given as an average of the two duplicate spots based on the scale of 0 (no irritation) to 5 (ex-- tremely bad and spreading irritation).

The data shown in Table I indicates that the degree of arritation was generally only slightly higher with the albino rabbits than with chinchilla rabbits. Thus, male albino rabbits were used in all subsequent tests.

TABLE I Comparison of results obtained with male American chinchilla rabbits and male albino rabbits In subsequent tests, our procedure consisted of injecting 0.5 ml. of solution intradermally into the side of a freshly clipped male albino rabbit. It was found that by carefully clipping the rabbits it was not necessary to shave the small amount of remaining hair. By wetting the area with alcohol, injections and observations were easily made. Tests were usually made at concentrations of A, /2 and 1 ounce per gallon; these concentrations gave a degree of irritation that was definite, but not excessive. Eight injections were made to one rabbit side, and a replicate test was made in most cases on another rabbit. Observations were made after 24 hours and ratings were given on the basis of a scale wherein 0 represents no irritation and 5 represents very bad or maximum irritation. The effect of an additive on. the detergents was best detected when the detergent alone (without the additive) had a rating of 2 to 3.

Th tests tabulated in Tables II -V were made on albino rabbits. Additives of various concentrations were employed. The concentration of the detergent formulations were A ounce per gallon, /2 ounce per gallon and 1 ounce per gallon. Replicates were run in most tests. The injection pattern was from back to front:

where' 1-2 were 'saline controls, 3-5-7 were injections wherein one concentration ofpthe detergent was used,

in irri- The cetyl alcohol-urea complex in US. Patent 2,675,356. Lecithin was used TABLE III in on reducing sk rials were used as a basis for comparing their etfectiveness with our additives.

described tation caused by various detergent components since it has been alleged that the presence of 0.005 to the cell membranes against the irritating action of the detergent.

Summary of the effect of lecith 4-6-8 were tests wherein the concentration of the detergent was the same as 3-5-7 and the concentrations of the additive Were successively increased. Thus, in-

jections 3-5-7 were identical control injections of detergent for the three difierent concentrations of additive 0.1% of soybean lecithin in detergent solutions protects employed, in injections 4-6-8. The concentration of the additives in the tables is based upon the total solids in the detergent plus additive compositions.

Table II shows the results of testing Sarkosyl NL-lOO (sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate), in conjunction with solul0 tions of detergents such as sodium metasilicate, soda ash, trisodium phosphate, Triton X-100 and Oronite D-60.

The results of these tests are given as to degree of irritation and data is presented in the form or" Treated Result and Untreated Result (e 0 3-4 shows that the aver- 544 1 033 35220u-055222-D55 n t n 1Q ,m m 4 a at 0 0 0 0 mm m 000 111000 00 fi M x no 0% a ma e e m a... a 0 U l m m tn n D. e 1 n n d m U n0 0 1H t .Ifi C S m 444253555125511000111555555 5444555311523390115000 A1 s i 1 WA m 4 L22 L L a M w H M 2 000 000000 ms t 8 F m a w m r a H w o .1 a v n... T 4 T l 2 h m mm 0000 000 V d m mn 0 0 00 0 0 0 000 .1 e 0 .1 o E o a n m L G C I u u g B C g n e n n m n n 1 t A .I o s S w 0 u u .1 T f a a n n t a C u n C e S C .H e 0 t m m e r m m 0- n e 0 ew D u u m N M n m N n n 0 n 6 1. P w m 0 m m d c m m d w a o w n m o m o g m o o n n f t W 0 La ei m n m m 0 n mws a u m m mn m n m m mm o mwnrmwn n n niwhwwloi r C to m S an 4. u P nama fififififififiefifim 5351 .BLP MM491 S C L2&1214 L24L24124124249249249 5 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 5 m 6 7 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 3 t g s d 44455-3557011155555-065554333111KU5-HW222RWKNKN3332221 w .m m n m m m aaa AZ 22 2 111 m5 5 i n 0 t C 8 OJ 3 83 S H n 9 c n e M M ME n m .v W 6 c e P m n C 1 h n r 1 I U L1 1 Ir. 5 m n m n m m m 0 e fib m 325551520500555555515030550552225551555555115 1 t d .1 d 0 C A d 8 a t .1 e e e 0 11 3 0 aazrrro 0 11 00 110 002121 0 t u a an 0 z m.. w l a w 0 a m m M m M m m w t. s t 8 D4 T we t. /10 H W 2 N 1 n 6 N i ms .1 a mh e s m m m 00 00 00 m 0 000 00 000 0 0 0000 0000 m t. S l u 6 t O y u t 0 t ..h M b m w H m 0 M 0m mow wt 3 E S E k n U N 0 mm 1 v e L m w u. e n n u a n r .1 t nnm B S n m n u n n u n w W 0 A c n i r a ll. y .1 ad H 0 S O T 0 0 w H m1. no o .1 h 0 M n n o n s 0 t i 0 c cd e n n n h n m% m a e e m m r P ..L 0 e S e a L n u m a n 89 m D n e m m N m n m u u u n he HM e so P A0 m 0 Wm f hm J m n m .m w m M C -m 0 n r n ma 6 e 0 g m S T e r V r e/ 1. m ND 3 duo r. y mt g p e Z r 1 n t mnmmwlw mh m wmmm 0 mm d 0 0 l c a m S s nikb e1 o( C H n m r "n S a S 6 46 We. M 0 o k n m A JMWJ wJMWJ05JAAMJ .A 0 a a t fifi S S 247mmZ4 91-0249249249100222492492492491002492491 Table V shows the effect of sodium N-lauroyl sarcote upon a composition that contains more than one and cetyl alcohol-urea complex, respectively; these matedetergent product.

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5 TABLE v Eflect of additives on reducing skin irritation caused by detergent formulation XF-200 1 Reaction at 1 Oz./Gal of Formulated Product Cone. of Additive, Additive Percent of Replicate 1 Replicate 2 Total Solids With- With With- Without out Sarkosyl N L-100 2. 44 2 1. 5 2 1 Cetlyl Alcohol-Urea Com- 9. 1 1. 6 2 2 ex. p Do 4. 76 1. 0.5 2 1 D0 2. 44 l. 5 0 2 1 l Formulation XF-200: Percent by Weight Sodium tripolyphosphafn 22.00 Sodium metasilicate 16.00 Sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.23 Soda A sh 58. 27 Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate 2. 80 Ethylene glycoL 0. 70

The additives have been shown to be efiective when employed with the detergent in quantities as low as about 0.1% by weight (based upon the weight of the total solids in the detergent plus additive compositions) as shown in Table II, but we do not limit the invention to this concentration, although in order to insure the most effective results, we prefer not to use less than this amount. However, it is desirable not to employ more than about 5% additive by weight. The term N-higher acyl derivatives" shall hereinafter refer to water-soluble N- higher acyl sarcosin salts (i.e., amine salts, alkali metal salts, ammonium salts) and/or materials that form N- higher acyl sarcosins and/ or water-soluble salts of said N-higher acyl sarcosins upon hydration or when in contact with the skin.

Although the present invention has been described in conjunction with preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that modifications and variations may be resorted 6 to Without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, as those skilled in the art will readily understand. Such variations and modifications are considered to be within the purview and scope of the invention and appended claims.

We claim:

1. A substantially non-skin irritating nonacid detergent composition having an additive which reduces the skin irritation that is normally induced by nonacid detergent compositions, said composition consisting essentially of: a synthetic organic detergent from the group consisting of sodium higher alkylbenzene sulfonates and higher alkylphenyl ethers of polyethylene glycol, and at least 0.1% by weight, based on the total solids, of a watersoluble additive which reduces the skin irritation normally induced by said organic detergents, said additive being a member from the group consisting of N-lauroyl sarcosin and water-soluble alkali salts thereof, said synthetic organic detergent being present in said composition in an amount in excess of said additive.

2. The composition of claim 1 which includes an alkaline inorganic detergent which serves as a detergent builder.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,528,378 Mannheimer Oct. 31, 1950 2,619,467 Isbell Nov. 25, 1952 2,675,356 Woodworth et al Apr. 13, 1954 FOREIGN PATENTS 360,982 Great Britain Nov. 16, 1931 459,039 Great Britain Dec. 28, 1936 OTHER REFERENCES Surface Active Agents, by Schwartz et al., pub. by Interscience Pub. Inc., N.Y. (1949), p. 35.

Surface Activity, by Moilliet et al., pub. by E. & F. N. Spon, Ltd., London (1951), p. 318.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE EiiCAIE OF CORRECTION Patent No., 2,962 448 November 29, 1960 Vladimir Dvorkovitz et alo It is hereby certified that error appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent, should read as corrected below,

Column 1. line 22. for "sarcosimate" read sarcosinate line 62 for "chincilla read chinchilla column 2, line 19 for "arritation" read irritation line 61, for "Th" read The column 3, line 7, for "tables" read Tables column 5 TABLE V in the heading to the last column thereof for With read With Signed and sealed this 10th day of October 1961 (SEAL) Attest:

ERNEST W. SWIDER DAVID L. LADD Attesting Officer I Commissioner of Patents USCOMM-DC

Claims (1)

1. A SUBSTANTIALLY NON-SKIN IRRITATING NONACID DETERGENT COMPOSITION HAVING AN ADDITIVE WHICH REDUCES THE SKIN IRRITATION THAT IS NORMALLY INDUCED BY NONACID DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS, SAID COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF: A SYNTHETIC ORGANIC DETERGENT FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF SODIUM HIGHER ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATES AND HIGHER ALKYLPHENYL EHTERS OF POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL, AND AT LEAST 0.1% BY WEIGHT, BASED ON THE TOTAL SOLIDS, OF A WATERSOLUBLE ADDITIVE WHICH REDUCES THE SKIN IRRITATION NORMALLY INDUCED BY SAID ORGANIC DETERGENTS, SAID ADDITIVE BEING A MEMBER FORM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF N-LAUROYL SARCOSIN AND WATER-SOLUBLE ALKALI SALTS THEREOF, SAID SYNTHETIC ORGANIC DETERGENT BEING PRESENT IN SAID COMPOSITION IN AN AMOUNT IN EXCESS OF SAID ADDITIVE.