CA2233323A1 - Foam for treating textile fabrics - Google Patents
Foam for treating textile fabrics Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2233323A1 CA2233323A1 CA002233323A CA2233323A CA2233323A1 CA 2233323 A1 CA2233323 A1 CA 2233323A1 CA 002233323 A CA002233323 A CA 002233323A CA 2233323 A CA2233323 A CA 2233323A CA 2233323 A1 CA2233323 A1 CA 2233323A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- foam
- clay
- alkyl
- propellant
- fabric softening
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical group O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 28
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 28
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 28
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 28
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 24
- -1 "soaps" Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 16
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001204 N-oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 235000010338 boric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 5
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000015107 ale Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229940025131 amylases Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 4
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 108010056079 Subtilisins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000005158 Subtilisins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol Natural products OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- MBBZMMPHUWSWHV-BDVNFPICSA-N N-methylglucamine Chemical compound CNC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO MBBZMMPHUWSWHV-BDVNFPICSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 102000003992 Peroxidases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001851 biosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004900 laundering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCO HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OGNVQLDIPUXYDH-ZPKKHLQPSA-N (2R,3R,4S)-3-(2-methylpropanoylamino)-4-(4-phenyltriazol-1-yl)-2-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO)OC(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]1N1N=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 OGNVQLDIPUXYDH-ZPKKHLQPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLAJNZSPVITUCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathietane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCO1 QLAJNZSPVITUCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPKFVRWIISEVCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butane boronic acid Chemical compound CCCCB(O)O QPKFVRWIISEVCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylimidazole Chemical compound C=CN1C=CN=C1 OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSFODEXXVBBYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[4-(dimethylamino)butan-2-ylamino]quinolin-6-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(NC(CCN(C)C)C)=CC(O)=CC2=C1 BSFODEXXVBBYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 241000750142 Auricula Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910011255 B2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010073997 Bromide peroxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010084185 Cellulases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000005575 Cellulases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108010035722 Chloride peroxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 101150105088 Dele1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001459693 Dipterocarpus zeylanicus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical class CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical class C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Etidronic acid Chemical class OP(=O)(O)C(O)(C)P(O)(O)=O DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 241000575946 Ione Species 0.000 description 1
- LTXREWYXXSTFRX-QGZVFWFLSA-N Linagliptin Chemical compound N=1C=2N(C)C(=O)N(CC=3N=C4C=CC=CC4=C(C)N=3)C(=O)C=2N(CC#CC)C=1N1CCC[C@@H](N)C1 LTXREWYXXSTFRX-QGZVFWFLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017974 NH40H Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SXKQTYJLWWQUKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O SXKQTYJLWWQUKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 101000968491 Pseudomonas sp. (strain 109) Triacylglycerol lipase Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- VPNMENGBDCZKOE-LNYNQXPHSA-N [(1R,5S)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate [(1S,2S,4R,5R)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl] (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate (1R,3S)-1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](CC[C@@]1(C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O.CC1(C)[C@H](CC[C@@]1(C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O.CN1[C@H]2CC[C@@H]1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)c1ccccc1.CN1[C@H]2CC(C[C@@H]1[C@H]1O[C@@H]21)OC(=O)[C@H](CO)c1ccccc1 VPNMENGBDCZKOE-LNYNQXPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQAXGZLFSSPBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-M [7-(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-3-ylidene]-dimethylazanium;chloride;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Cl-].C1=CC(=[N+](C)C)C=C2SC3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 XQAXGZLFSSPBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Si] Chemical group [O].[Si] OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005619 boric acid group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- FGEKEABFIXPUOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane;hexane;pentane Chemical compound CCCC.CCCCC.CCCCCC FGEKEABFIXPUOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OLOZVPHKXALCRI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium malate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)C(O)CC([O-])=O OLOZVPHKXALCRI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001362 calcium malate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940016114 calcium malate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011038 calcium malates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HDRTWMBOUSPQON-ODZAUARKSA-L calcium;(z)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O HDRTWMBOUSPQON-ODZAUARKSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229940071162 caseinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005313 fatty acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940083124 ganglion-blocking antiadrenergic secondary and tertiary amines Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000011 group IA salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 101150014126 incG gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010062085 ligninase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010003855 mesentericopeptidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 125000005341 metaphosphate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010020132 microbial serine proteinases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940043348 myristyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- APVPOHHVBBYQAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyloctadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 APVPOHHVBBYQAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000273 nontronite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004010 onium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidophosphanium Chemical class [PH3]=O MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSXGXPNADZQTGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxirane;phenol Chemical compound C1CO1.OC1=CC=CC=C1 VSXGXPNADZQTGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002006 poly(N-vinylimidazole) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940024999 proteolytic enzymes for treatment of wounds and ulcers Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940071089 sarcosinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000276 sauconite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 108010080511 serum sodium transport inhibitor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013042 solid detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940012831 stearyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001180 sulfating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 108010075550 termamyl Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000005028 tinplate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
- C11D3/0094—High foaming compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0043—For use with aerosol devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
- C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
- C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
- C11D3/1253—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite
-
- C11D2111/42—
Abstract
The invention concerns a foam for treating textile fabrics, the foam comprising a fabric softening clay. In a further aspect of the invention the foam may be dispensed from aerosol containers by means of a liquid or gaseous propellant. In this aspect of the invention a packaged product is provided comprising: (i) a foaming detergent composition comprising fabric softening clay; (ii) a propellant; and (iii) a container having a dispensing means, wherein the foaming detergent composition and the propellant are packaged inside the container. In a still further aspect of the invention a method of cleaning and conditioning textile fabrics is provided.
Description
W O 97/12024 PCT~US96/15607 FOAM FOR TREATING TEXTILE FABRICS
The invention relates to a foam for treating textile fabrics.
The preparalio,) and use of foams for domestic fabric conditioning, in particular for fabric conditioning in a drying machine is known.
US-A~ 242 377, issued December 30th, 1980, describes foaming compositions comprising conditioning agents such as cationic surfactants. It is disclosed that fabrics are washed in a conve"lio,-al laundry process, and that the freshly washed fabrics are then put into a dryer with the co~ Idiliol ~ing foam. In this way the anionic su, ractanls used in the washing process, and the cationic surfactants used in the foam conditioning cycle, do not interact or complex with each other.
The aim of the present invention is to provide foam which both cleans and conditions the fabric in a single process (i.e. Softening-through-the-wash benefits).
A further aim of the invention is to improve the stability of a foam.
These objectives are achieved by fully or partly replacing cationic su, raclanl in the prior art colllposiliGI~ by clay, ll,ereby realising surlness benefits whilst avoiding the problem of undesirable cationic/anionic complexing.
Fu,ll,e""ore, it is surprising that clay improves foam stability. According to J.J. Bikerman "Foams", Springer-Verlag New York Inc., 1973, clay gives poor foam stability (benlonile on page 155, line 12) and colloidal clays (paragraph spa,,,,iny pages 251 and 252). Improved foam stability in turn means that less propellant is required in order to generate light (i.e. Iow density) foams.
Summary of the Invention The invention concerns a foam for treating textile fabrics, the foam co,),prising a fabric surlening clay. It is prefer.ed that the foam comprises from 0.1% to 20% by weight of fabric softening clay, and the clay is W O 97/12024 PCT~US96/15607 preferably selected from the group consisting of montmorillonite, saponite, hectorite or mixtures thereof.
In a further aspect of the invention the foam may be dispensed from aerosol containers by means of a liquid or g~seous propellant. Carbon dioxide gas is most ~rerer,ed as propellant. In this aspect of the invention a packaged product is provided com~,isi.,g:
(i) a foaming detergei)t co""~osition comprising fabric softening clay;
(ii) a propellant; and (iii) a container having a dispensing means, wherein the foaming detergent composition and the propellant are packaged inside the container.
In a still further aspect of the invention a method of cleaning and conditioning textile fabrics is provided comprising the steps of either applying a clay-containing foarn to the textile fabric and sl ~hsequently removing foam residues, ~, ererably by rinsing or by vacuum; or, alternatively dissolving a clay-containing foam to form an ~ eo~ ~s solution and immersing the textile fabric in the aqueous solution.
The methods of the invention may be carried out by hand, or in a wdsl,i.,g machine.
Detailed Desc, ;~JI;OI) of the Invention Foam is a coarse dispersion of gas in a relatively small amount of liquid.
The foams of the present invention are a continuous liquid phase c~"" ,isi"g a con~posilion, and a dispersed phase comprising a gas.
Typically, the gas "b~ ~hbles" of the dispersed phase can vary in size from ~0 mi.;~ometerX to several millimetres.
In ye"eral, the quality of the foam is deter",il~ed by ~csessing various foam quality attributes, such as: 1 ) the a~"~ea, d"ce of the foam as it is deter" ,i"ed by the u,,irur,-,iLy of the bubble size distribution, as well as by the actual bubble sizes, wherein small and uniformly sized bubbles are generally prefe"~d; 2) the thickness of the foam as it is determined by the a~,par~nt -W O 97/12024 PCT~US96/15607 foam viscosity, wherein a grealer apparent foam viscosity is generally preferred; 3) the density of the foam which is preferably less than 2509/l, more preferably less than 150 g/l, and most preferably less than 100 9/l; and 4) the drainage of the liquid from the foam upon ~lal l~ing on a solid sur~ace, wherein slow drainage of the liquid is generally preferred.
Preferred components of the detergent foam will now be described in more detail.
Water-saluble salts of the higher fatty acids, i.e., "soaps", are useful anionicsu,ra.;la"l~ in the compositions herein. This includes alkali metal soaps such as the sodium, potassium, ethanolamine, ammonium, and alkylar"n,oi ,ium salts of higher fatty acids containing from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, and preferably from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms.
Soaps can be made by direct sapol,iricalio,~ of fats and oils or by the neutralization of free fatty acids. Particularly useful are the ethanolamine, sodium and rot~ssil~rn salts of the mixtures of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and tallow, i.e., monoethanolamine, sodium or potassium tallow and coconut soap.
Useful anionic surfactants also include the water-soll~hle salts, preferably the alkali metal, ethanolamine, am"lG"ium and alkylold"""onium salts, of organic sulfuric reaction products having in their mclec~ r structure an alkyl group containing from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms and a sulfonic acid or sulfuric acid ester group. (Includerl in the term "alkyl" is the alkyl portion of acyl groups.) Examples of this group of synthetic surfactants are the alkyl sulfates, especi~lly those oblained by sulfating the higher alcGhols (Cg-C1g ca,bo" atoms) such as those produced by reducing the glycerides of tallow or coconut oil; and the alkyl benzene sulronales in which the alkyl group contains from about 9 to about 15 carbon atoms, in straight or bra.,~;l,ed chain configuration, e.g., those of the type described in U.S. Pat.
~r Nos. 2,220,099 and 2,477,383; and methyl ester sulphonates. Fsp-3ci~l1y valuable are linear sl,aiylll chain alkyl be"~ene sulronales in which the average number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is from about 11 to 13, abbreviated as C1 1-C1 3 LAS.
W O 97/12024 PCT~US96/15607 Other anionic sulrdcldllts herein are the alkyl glyceryl ether sulronates especially those ethers of higher alcohols derived from tallow and coconut oil; coconut oil fatty acid monoglyceride sulfonates and sulfates; salts of alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulf~tes conlair,ing from about 1 to about 10 units of ethylene oxide per molecule and wherein the alkyl groups contain from about 8 to about 12 carbon atoms; and salts of alkyl ethylene oxide ether sulfates contai,.ing from about 1 to about 10 units of ethylene oxide per molecule and wherein the alkyl group contains from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms.
Other useful anionic su,racla"ls herein include the water-soluble salts of esters of alpha-sulfonated fatty acids containing from about 6 to 20 carbon atoms in the fatty acid group and from about 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the ester group; water-soluble salts of 2-acyloxy-alkane-1-sulfonic acids CGI ,laining from about 2 to 9 carbon atoms in the acyl group and from about 9 to about 23 carbon atoms in the alkane moiety; alkyl ether sulfates cGnlaining from about 10 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and from about 1 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide; watersoluble salts of olefin sulfonates containing from about 12 to 24 carbon atoms; and beta-alkyloxy alkane sulronales conlaini,)g from about 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms in the alkane moiety.
Anionic sul rd~.lanl~ are preferably used at levels of from 5% to 50%
preferably from 10% to 40% more preferably from 18~~ to 30% by weight of the foaming co,nrosilio,).
Water-sol ~hl~ nonionic su~ra~;ldnts may be used but are less pr~re"ed in the clay-containing cc""~osiliGns of the invention. Such nonionic materials include cc.."~ounds produce~i by the ccndensalion of alkylene oxide groups (hydrophilic in nature) with an orga"ic hyJ~opl,obic cc",pound, which may be aliphatic or alkyl aromalic in nature. The length of the polyoxyalkylene group which is condensed with any particular hydlo~hobic group can be readily adjusted to yield a water-soll Ihle compound having the desired degree of balance between hydrophilic and hydl uphobic elements.
Suitable nonionic su,ractaots include the polyethylene oxide cor,de"sates of alkyl phenols, e.g., the condensation products of alkyl phenols having an W O 97/12024 PCT~US96/15607 alkyl group containing from about 6 to 16 carbon atoms, in either a straight chain or branched chain configuration, with from about 1 to 25 moles, preferably from about 2 to 7 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alkyl phenol.
"
r, efer~ ad nonionics are the water-soluble condensation products of aliphatic alcohols cGnlainin~ from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, in either straight chain or b,d"ched configuration, with from 1 to 25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, especi~ly 2 to 7 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
Particularly prere"~d are the conde"salion products of alcohols having an alkyl group containing from about 9 to 15 carbon atoms; and condensation products of propylene glycol with ethylene oxide.
Other preferred nonionics are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides which may be prepared by reacting a fatty acid ester and an N-alkyl polyhydroxy amine.
The prefer, ed amine for use in the present invention is N-(R1)-CH2(CH20H)4-CH2-OH and the prefe,led ester is a C12-C20 fatty acid methyl ester. Most pre~er.ed is the reaction product of N-methyl glucamine (which may be derived from gi ~cose) with C12-C20 fatty acid methyl ester.
Methods of manufacturing polyhydroxy fatty acid amides have been des~il,ed in WO 9206073, published on 16th April, 1992. This application deso~ ibes the ~Jrl3pdldlioll of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides in the presence of solvents. In a highly prerer.ed embodiment of the invention N-methyl glucamine is reacted with a C12-C20 methyl ester.
Semi-polar nonionic su. ractanls include water-sol~ ~hlc amine oxides co"ldining one alkyl moiety of from about 10 to 18 carbon atoms and 2 moieties selected from the group cGnsislin~a of alkyl groups and hydroxyalkyl groups conlai"i,)g from 1 to about 3 carbon atoms; water-soluble phosphine oxides cc"~aining one alkyl moiety of about 10 to 18 carbon atoms and 2 moieties selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and hydroxyalkyl groups containing from about 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and water-soluble J sl,lroxides co"lai"i"g one alkyl moiety of from about 10 to 18 carbon atoms ~ and a moiety sele~ted from the group cGnsisling of alkyl and hydroxyalkyl moieties of from about 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
W O 97/12024 PCT~US96/15607 Ampholytic surfactants inciude derivatives of aliphatic or aliphatic derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic moiety can be either straight or branched chain and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents cGnLains from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and at least one aliphatic substituent cGnlains an anionic water-solubilizing group.
Zwitterionic surfactants include derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium phosphonium, and sulfonium compounds in which one of the aliphatic substituents cOnldi~ IS from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
Useful cationic surfactants include water-soluble quaternary a"""oi)iumcompounds of the form R4RsR6R7N+X~, wherein R4 is alkyl having from 10 to 20, ,~raferably from 12-18 carbon atoms, and Rs, R6 and R7 are each C1 to C7 alkyl ~,raferably methyl; X~ is an anion, e.g. chloride. Examples of such trimethyl a,)""o"ium co",pounds include C12-14 alkyl l,i",etl,yl ammonium chloride and cocalkyl L,i."ell"~l a",."o"ium methosulfate.
Other surfactants that may be used in the compositions of the presei,l invention include C10-C18 glycerol ethers, C10-18 alkyl polyglycoside and their corres~Jonding sulphated polyglycosides, alkyl ester sulphonates, and oleoyl sarcosinate.
The foam of the present invention can contain neutral or alkaline salts which have a pH in solution of s~ven or greater, and can be either organic or inor~anic in nature. While some of the salts are inert, many of them also function as deter~e, .cy builder .-.~lel ials in the laundering solution.
Examples of neutral water-ssl~ ~hle salts include the alkali metal, ell.anola.";ne, a",mo"ium or s~bstit~ted a"""onium chlorides, fluorides and sulfates. The sodium, ethanolamine and arr"nonium salts of the above are prere,~ed. Citric acid and, in yel)eral~ any other organic or inoryanic acid may be i~ ,co".oralad into the present invention.
Other useful water-soluble salts include the co,."~ounds comr"GI~ly known as dete,yenl builder materials. Builders are generally selected from the various water-soluble, alkali metal, ell,dnola",i.ne, a""nonium or substituted a"""ol)ium phosphales, polyl~l)osplldlesl phosphonates, polyphosphonates, W O 97/12024 PCT~US96/15607 carbonates, silicates, borates, and polyhydroxysulfonates. Preferred are the sodium, ethanolamine and ~r"",G"ium salts of the above.
Specific examples of i"orgdnic phosphate builders are sodium and potassium tripolyphosphate, pyrophosphate, polymeric metaphosphate having a degree of polyme, i~lioi, of from about 6 to 21, and orthopl~ospl-ale. Examples of polyphosphonate builders are the salts of ethylene diphospl,onic acid, the salts of ethane 1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid and the salts of ethane, 1,1,2-triphos~JhGI~ic acid. Other phosphorus builder compounds are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,159,581; 3,213,030;
3,422,021; 3,422,137; 3,400,176 and 3,400,148, incorporated herein by rerere"ce. In general, however, phosphates are preferably avoided for environmental reasons.
Examples of nonphosphorus, illolyallic builders are sodium and potassium ca,6O"ale, 6ica,6Onale, ses~ ';CAr6Oi ,ale, tetraborate decahydrate, and silicate having a molar ratio of SiO2 to alkali metal oxide of from about 0.5 toabout 4.0, ,~,referably from about 1.0 to about 2.4.
An essential feature of the present invention is fabric sorlel ,i.ng clay.
Fabric so~le"i"g clays may be either unmodified or organically modified.
Those clays which are not organically modified can be described as eA~.ar,dable, three-layered clays, i.e., aluminosilicates and magnesium silic~tes, having an ion eA~l,a"ge capacity of at least 50 meq/100g. of clay and prererably at least 60 meq/100 9. of clay. The starting clays for the organically modified clays can be similarly desc, i6ed. The term "expandable" as used to des~i6e clays relates to the ability of the layered clay structure to be swollen, or expanded, on contact with water. The three-layer eA,uanclable clays used herein are those materials classified ge~l~gic~lly as sme~tites There are two ~ lin~t c~-~ses of smectite-type clays that can be broadly clirrer~"liated on the basis of the numbers of octahedral metal-oxygen a"dnge",enls in the central layer for a given number of silicon-oxygen atoms in outer layers. A more complete description of clay minerals is given in "Clay Colloid Chemistry" by H. van Olphen, John Wiley & Sons W O 97/12024 PCT~US96/15607 (Interscience Publishers), New York, 1963. Chapter 6, especially pages 66-69.
The family of smectite (or ",o,)l",orillonoid) clays includes the following trioctahedral minerais: talc; hectorite; saponite; sauconite; vermiculite; and the following dioctahedral minerals: prophyllite; montmorillonite;
volchonskoite and nontronite.
Ths clays employed in these compositions contain cationic counterions such as protons, sodium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, and lithium ions. It is cusloioary to distinguish between clays on the basis of one cation predominantly or exclusively absorbed. For example, a sodium clay is one in which the absorbed cation is predominantly sodium. Such absorbed caliGr,s can become involved in exchange reactions with cations present in aqueous solutions. A typical exchange reaction involving a smectite-type clay is expressed by the following e~lJ~tion:
smectite clay (Na)+ + NH40H => smectite clay (NH4)+ + NaOH.
Since in the foregoing e~ rium reaction, an equivalent weight of allllllo~ m ion replaces an equivalent weight of sodium, it is custG"~ary to measure cation excl ,ange c~p~cilr (soi "eli" ,es termed "base excl ,a"ye capacity") in terms of milliequivalents per 100 g. of clay (meq/100g). The cation e~ ,ange capacity of clays can be measured in several ways, including by ele~,udialysis, by eAcl)a,,ye with a"""onium ion followed by lill dliol " or by a methylene blue procedure, all as fully set forth in Grimshaw, "The Chemistry and Physics of Clays", pp. 264-265, I"te,~cience (1971).
The cation e,~a"ge cArArity of a clay material relates to such factors as the ex~,a".lable properties of the clay, the charge of the clay (which in turn is deler",ined at least in part by the lattice structure), and the like. The ione~,a"ge c~rArity of clays varies widely in th~ range form about 2 meq/100 g. of kaolinites to about 150 meq/100 g., and greater, for certain smectite clays.
F',efer,ed smectite-type clays are sodium ",G-,l",orillonite, potassium mo,ll"~orillonite, sodium hectorite and potassium hectorite. The clays used ~ herein have a ~a, licle size range of up to about 0.05mm.
Any of the clays used herein may be either naturally or synthetically derived.
WO 97/12024 PCT~US96/15607 Qther In~redients Other preferred ingredients include (but are not limited to) enzymes, polymers.
EnzYmes - Enzymes can be included in the formulations herein for a wide variety of fabric laundering purposes, including removal of protein-based, carbohydrate-based, or triglyceride-based stains, for example, and for the prevention of refugee dye L(an~rer, and for fabric resloraLion. The enzymes to be incot~,oraled include proteases, amylases, lipases, cellulases, and peroxid~ses, as well as mixtures thereof. Other types of enzymes may also be included They may be of any suitable origin, such as vegetable, animal, bacterial, fungal and yeast origin. However, their choice is governed by several factors such as pH-activity and/or stability optima, thermostability, stability versus active deterge, lls, builders and so on. In this respect l,ac.lerial or fungal enzymes are prefel . ~ad, such as bacterial amylases and prole~ses, and fungal cell~ ses Enzymes are normally incG.,~,G.aled at levels sufficient to provide up to about 5 mg by weight, more typically about 0.01 mg to about 3 mg, of active enzyme per gram of the cor"position. Stated otherwise, the cG""~osilions herein will typically comprise from about 0.001% to about 5%, pre~erably 0.01%-1% by weight of a commercial enzyme preparation.
Plolease enzymes are usually present in such co,l"~ercial preparations at levels sufficient to provide from 0.005 to 0.1 Anson units (AU) of activity per gram of coll~po5i~
Suitable examples of pr~te~ces are the subtilisins which are obtained from particular strains of B. subtilis and B. Iicheniforms. Another suitable protease is obtained from a strain of El~cill~s, having ma~cimum activity throughout the pH range of 8-12, developed and sold by Novo Industries A/S under the registered trade name ESPERASE. The preparation of this enzyme and analogous enzymes is des~ il,ed in British Patent Speciflcation No. 1,243,784 of Novo. Proteolytic enzymes suitable for removing protein-based stains that are co,.,n,ercially available include those sold under the tracJe"ames ALCALASE and SAVINASE by Novo Industries A/S (Denmark) and MAXATASE by l"le",dlional Bio-Synthetics, Inc. (The Netherlands).
Other proteases include Protease A (see European Patent Application 130,756, published January 9, 1985) and Protease B (see European Patent W O 97/12024 PCT~US96/15607 Application Serial No. 87303761.8, filed April 28, 1987, and European Patent Application 130,756, Bott et al, published January 9, 1985).
Amylases include, for example, a-amylases described in British Patent Specification No. 1,296,839 (Novo), RAPIDASE, International Bio-Synthetics, Inc. and TERMAMYL, Novo Industries.
The cellulase usable in the present invention include both bacterial or fungal cellulase. Preferably, they will have a pH optimum of between 5 and 9.5. Suitable cellnl~ses are ~isclosed in U.S. Patent 4,435,307, Barbesgo~rd et al, issued March 6, 1984, which discloses fungal cellulase produc~d from Humicola insolens and Humicola strain DSM1800 or a cellulase 212-producing fungus belonging to the genus Aeron~onas, and cellulase ekL,acled from the hep~top~ncreas of a marine mollusk (Dol~hell~
Auricula Solander). suitable cell~ ses are also disclosed in GB-A-2.075.028; GB-A-2.095.275 and DE-OS-2.247.832. CAREZYME (Novo) is especially useful.
Suitable lipase enzymes for delergent usage include those produced by microo(yallisllls of the Pseudo",o"as group, such as Pseuclo,-,onas stutzeri ATCC 19.154, as rlisclosed in British Patent 1,372,034. See also lipases in Japanese Patent Application 53,20487, laid open to public inspection on February 24, 1978. This lipase is available from Amano Pharm~ceutir~l Co. Ltd., Nagoya, Japan, under the trade name Lipase P
"Amano," hereinafter referred to as "Amano-P." Other commercial lir~ses includeAmano-CES, lip~sesexCl,ro",oh~cterviscos~m, e.g. Chromob~cter viscosum var. Iipolyticum NRRLB 3673, commercially available from Toyo Jozo Co., Tagata, Japan; and further Cl,-omob~cter viscosum l;r~ses from U.S. Biochemical Corp., U.S.A. and Disoynth Co., The Netherlands, and lip~ces ex Pseuclo",onas gladioli. The LIPOLASE enzyme derived from Hu,flicola lanug;"osa and commercially available from Novo (see also EPO
341,947) is a ,vre~er,ed lipase for use herein.
Peroxidase enzymes are used in combination with oxygen sources, e.g., pe,carl~ondle, pe,l~ofale, persulfate, hyd~oge" peroxide, etc. They are used for "sol~tion bleaching," i.e. to prevent transfer of dyes or pigments removed from sul,sl,ales during wash operalions to other subsl-dles in the wash sclution. Peroxid~se enzymes are known in the art, and include, for exainple, I,or~e,adisl, peroxid~se, ligninase, and haloperoxid~se such as chloro- and bromo-peroxidase. Peroxirl~-se-containing dete, yeul compositions are ~isclose~1. for exa--"~le, in PCT Intemational Application 3, published October 19, 1989, by O. Kirk, assigned to Novo Industries A/S.
A wide range of enzyme materials and means for their incorporation into synthetic deter-yenl compositions are also disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,553,139, issued January 5, 1971 to McCarty et al. Enzymes are further disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,101,457, Place et al, issued Juiy 18, 1978, and in U.S. Patent 4,507,219, Hughes, issued March 26, 1985, both. Enzyme materials useful for liquid deter~~ent formulations, and their incorporation into such formulations, are ~isclosed in U.S. Patent 4,261,868, Hora et al, issued April 14, 1981. Enzymes for use in detergei,ls can be stabilized by various techniques. Enzyme stabilization techniques are ~isclosed and exemplified in U.S. Patent 3,600,319, issued August 17, 1971 to Gedge, et al, and European Patent Application Publication No. 0 199 405, Application No. 86200586.5, published October 29, 1986, Venegas. Enzyme stabilization systems are also described, for example, in U.S. Patent 3,51 9,570.
Enzyme Stabilizers - The enzymes employed herein are stabilized by the presence of water-soluble sources of calcium and/or magnesium ions in the finished compositions which provide such ions to the enzymes.
(Calcium ions are generally somewhat more effective than magnesium ions and are pr~rel.ed herein if only one type of cation is being used.) Additional stability can be provided by the presence of various other art~isclosed stabilizers, especially borate sp~~ es: see Severson, U.S. 4,537,706.
Typical deleryellls~ especially li~ids, will cG,,,,ulise from about 1 to about 30, preferably from about 2 to about 20, more prererably from about 5 to about 15, and most IJreferdL,ly from about 8 to about 12, millimoles of calcium ion per liter of rinished comrssition. This can vary somewhat, depending on the amount of enzyme present and its response to the calcium or magnesium ions. The level of calcium or ...ay~esium ions should be selected so that there is always some minimum level available for the enzyme, after allowing for complexation with builders, fatty acids, etc., in thecGr.~l~osi~ion. Any water-ssl~ ~hle calcium or magnesium salt can be used as the source of calcium or magnesium ions, including, but not limited to, calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, calcium malate, calcium maleate, calcium hydroxide, calcium fo,."ale, and calcium ~cet~l.e, and the corresponding magnesium salts. A small amount of calcium ion, generally from about 0.05 W O 97/12024 PCT~US96/lS607 12 to about 0.4 millimoles per liter, is often also present in the composition due to calcium in the enzyme slurry and formula water. In solid detergent compositions the formulation may include a sufficient quantity of a water-soluble calcium ion source to provide such amounts in the laundry liquor. In the alternative, natural water hardness may suffice.
It is to be understood that the foregoing levels of calcium and/or magnesium ions are surriciei,l to provide enzyme stability. More calcium andlor magnesium ions can be added to the co",positions to provide an additional measure of grease removal performance. Accordingly, as a general proposition the co",positions herein will typically comprise from about 0.05% to about 2% by weight of a water-soluble source of calcium or magnesium ions, or both. The amount can vary, of course, with the amount and type of enzyme employed in the cor"posilion.
The compositions herein may also oplio"ally, but preferably, contain various additional stabilizers, especially borate-type stabilizers. Typically, such stabilizers will be used at levels in the composilio"s from about 0.25%
to about 10%, prt:ferably from about 0.5% to about 5%, more pr~reral~ly from about 0.75% to about 3%, by weight of boric acid or other borate compound r~r~hl9 of fc,r."ing boric acid in the composition (~lull~ted on the basis of boric acid). Boric acid is prerer,ed, although other compounds such as boric oxide, borax and other alkali metal t,oraLes (e.g., sodium ortho-, meta- and py. oL,orale, and so~ium pentaborate) are suitable.
S~hstituted boric acids (e.g., phenylboronic acid, butane boronic acid, and p-bromo phenylLoronic acid) can also be used in place of boric acid.
DYeTr~n:jrer Inhibitin~A~ents - The comrositions of the present invention may also include one or more ...al~rials effective for inhibiting the l,d.,:jrer of dyes from one fabric to ~noll,er during the cleaning ,~.rocess.
Generally, such dye l,d"srer inhibiting agents include polyvinyl pyrrolidone polymers, polyamine N-oxide polymers, copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimi~ol~, " ,aoganese phthalocyanine, peroxidases, and mixtures thereof. If used, these agents typically co"",rise from about 0.01%
to about 10% by weight of the comrosition, ,~rererably from about 0.01% to about 5%, and more pr~rer~bly from about 0.05% to about 2%.
More specifically, the polyamine N-oxide polymers ,urefer,ed for use hercin Col ,lain units having the following structural formula: R-A~P; wherein P is a polymerizable unit to which an N-0 group can be allacl ,ed or the N-0 W O 97/12024 PCT~US96/15607 group can form part of the polymerizable unit or the N-O group can be attached to both units; A is one of the foliowing structures: -NC(O)-, -C(O)O-, -S-, -O-, -N=; x is 0 or 1; and R is aliphatic, ethoxylated aliphatics, arun,dlics, heterocyclic or alicyclic groups or any combination thereof to which the nitrogen of the N-O group can be attached or the N-O group is part of these groups. Preferred polyamine N-oxides are those wherein R is a heterocyclic group such as pyridine, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrrolidine, piperidine and derivatives thereof.
The N-O group can be represented by the following general structures:
O O
R2)y; =N
~R3)z wherein R1, R2, R3 are aliphatic, aro",alic, heterocyclic or alicyclic groups or co,,,bi,)dliûns thereof; x, y and z are 0 or 1; and the nitrogen of the N-O
group can be attached or form part of any of the aforemei,lioned groups The amine oxide unit of the polyamine N-oxides has a pKa c10, preferably pKa <7, more prere"ed pKa c6.
Any polymer backbone can be used as long as the amine oxide polymer ru".,ed is water-soluble and has dye l,d"srer inhibiting properties.
Exdlllpl~s of s~it~hle polymeric backbones are polyvinyls, polyalkylenes, polyesters, polyethers, polyamide, polyimides, polyacrylates and mixtures thereof. These polymers include ,ando,), or block copolymers where one ",GnG"~er type is an amine N-oxide and the other monomer type is an N-oxide. The amine N-oxide polymers typically have a ratio of amine to the amine N-oxide of 10:1 to 1:1,000,000. However, the number of amine oxide groups present in the polyamine oxide polymer can be varied by approrJridle copol)" "eri~dliG,) or by an a~,ru~, idle degree of N-oxidation. The polyamine oxides can be obtained in almost any degree of poly",eri~dlio,).
Typically, the average r,.olo:u~-- weight is within the range of 500 to 1,000,000; more prefer,ed 1,000 to 500,000; most prere"~d S,000 to 100,000. This prere"ed class of materials can be referred to as "PVNO".
J The most prefe" ed polyamine N-oxide useful in the detergent c~lllposili~l,s herein is poly(4-vinylpyridine-N-oxide) which as an average molecul-- weight of about 50,000 and an amine to amine N-oxide ratio of about 1 :4.
WO 97112024 PCTAUS96/lS607 Copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole polymers (re~erred to as a class as "PVPVI") are also preferred for use herein.
r, t rerably the PVPVI has an average molec~ r weight range from ~,000 to 1,000,000, more ~re~,~ly from 5,000 to 200,000, and most preferably from 10,000 to 20,000. (The average mole~ weight range is deter-,)i.,ed by light scalleri,-g as described in Barth, et al., Chemical Analvsis Vol 113.
"Modern Methods of Polymer Characteri,alio"", the disclos~ ~res of which are incorporated herein by reference.) The PVPVI copolymers typically have a molar ratio of N-vinylimidazole to N-vinylpyrrolidone from 1:1 to 0.2:1, more pre~rably from 0.8:1 to 0.3:1, most prererc~ly from 0.6:1 to 0.4:1. These copolymers can be either linear or branched.
The present invention compositions also may employ a polyvinyl-pyrrolidone ("PVP") having an average molecul~r weight of from about 5,000 to about 400,000, ~ ,erer~bly from about 5,000 to about 200,000, and more prereraL~ly from about 5,000 to about 50,000. PVP's are known to persons skilled in the deler~aent field; see, for example, EP-A-262,897 and EP-A-256,696, incorporated herein by ,ererence. Compositions conlai,)ir,g PVP
can also co,.lain polyethylene glycol ("PEG") having an average moleal~~~
weight from about 500 to about 100,000, prefera~ly from about 1,000 to about 10,000. r,eferd~ly, the ratio of PEG to PVP on a ppm basis delivered in wash sol~tions is from about 2:1 to about 50:1, and more ~rt:rera~ly from about 3:1 to about 10:1.
Foam st~hilising agents, apart from the fabric SOnel,i. ,9 clay, may also be employed in the colllposiliGIls of the present invention. F~creci~'ly ~,rerer,e-J
are alyphatic alcohols such as straight chain saturated alcohols of 12 to 18 carbon atoms e.g. cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol and mixtures ll-er~ofi Polymers including polyvinylpyrrolidone, poiyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polype~lides, poly:,a~l.d.ides, cell~lsse derivatives; and also natural and s~..ll.elic gums and resins such as guar gum, ca.ayeenan, sodium alg;.)dls and caseinate may also be used in the present invention.
Textile ~d~l iCs, as defined herein, are any materials made from cloth, including ya,.. e"ls such as shirts, blc~ses, socks, skirts, trousers, jackets, ~-underwear etc, and also including tahlecloU,s, towels, curtains etc. The definition of textile fabrics as used herein does not include ca,pets and similar floor coverings.
CA 02233323 l998-03-27 W O 97/12024 PCT~US96/15607 Textile fabrics which are to be used in the present invention are commonly made by weaving or knitting. Many dirrerent fibres may be used to produce woven, knitted or other types of tbxtile fabric including synthetic fibres (suchas polyester, polyamide, etc.) and natural fibres from plants (such as cotton, hemp) and from animals (such as wool, angGra, silk). Blends of different fibres are aiso commonly used.
It is illlpG,ls,'t to distinguish between the foam of the present invention and the suds which are co"l",only encountered in everyday washing process.
The foam of the present invention is much more conce,1lrdled and comprises less water than conventional suds. The foam of the present invention ,.referal~ly comprises at least 18% by weight, and preferably at least 25% by weight of a surface active agent. Most prefer, ed foams for use as cleaning col,lposilions cGnl~,rise at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 20% by weight of anionic surfactant.
On the other hand, suds, which are for",ed in conventional washing process when detergenls are diluted prior to washing, are formed from quite dilute solutions typically 1009 of product in 10 litres of water. The result is a wash liquor which comprises about 99% by weight of water. A layer of suds may form on the surface of the wash liquor, the composition of the suds being similar to that of the wash liquor itself. The su, ra~la"l conlenl of the suds will normally be much less than 1~~, typically less than 0.3%.
Conseq~ ~ently the dirrerence between the foam of the present invention and the suds of a conventional washing process will be understood.
It will also be recognised by the man skilled in the art that suds are often considered undesirable in the washing process and antisuds agents are often employed to reduce or control them. In a washi"~ process in which the solution of detergent active agents is the medium of l,dnspGi l of the actives to the fibre surface, the presence of suds can diminish washing pe-ror",d"ce. This is be~use the dele~e,ll actives which are in the suds , are no longer dissolved in the washing liquor itself, and are not therefore efficiently transported to the fibre surface.
W O 97/12024 PCTAJS96/1~607 Packa~ed Product The packaged product of the present invention comprises a sealed container such as an essentially cylindrical bottle having a dispensing means such as a nozle. The container contains the composition and propellant gas. Suitable CGI ,lai- ,ers may be made from any material espesi~lly aluminium tin-plate plastics including PET OPP PE or polyamide and including mixtures lar"i"ales or other combinations of these.
Foam is dispensed when the nozle is activated and the detergent is released together with the propellant gas. The propellant gas expands to form many "b~ ~hbl~s" within the co",position thereby creating the foam.
Propellant The propellant of this aspect of the present invention comprises carbon dioxide, or nitrous oxide (especially N20) fluorocarbons (e.g. CFC HCFC
and HFC) alkanes (e.g. p,opa"e butane pentane hexane) nitrogen air or mixtures thereof. Most preferred is carbon dioxide.
Various ways to pressurise the propellant gas are known in the art. Forexample the gas may be pressurised at the time of packing. The product may be physically sepa,aled from a co",,uressed gas by a membrane such as rubber under te"sion. Alternatively a means for pressurising the gas sl~hse~uently by mechanical action may be provided (so-called pump and spray' systems).
Various appalal,~s for delivering foams are described in US-A ~ 364 031issued on 15th November 1994 entitled "Foam Dispensing No~les and Dispensers Employing Said N~les".
Any nozle or nozle / valve assembly which provides a means for releasing the mixture of delergenl ir,yl edie. ,ls from the co"lai,)er and provides a foamis suit~5 le for use in the present invention. The Precision Valve Col"pa.,y (Valve Précision in France) snpplies a range of nozle asser"blies for various applicaliGns including shaving foams and carpet cleaners under various trade names including City~ lo, lleg~3) Power Jet~) Vulcan~9 and Visco~. Nozles which disper~e the foam both hori~o"lally and vertically (when the container is held upright) are available. Metering nozzles which dispense a predetermined amount of foam are also available and useful in W O 97/12024 PCT~US96/15607 17 the present invention. Metering valves are disclosed in W09108965 (Precision Valve Co) and EP-A 616953 (3M Co). In order for the ap~ar~lus to be effective in the IlleUlGd of the presenl invention it should deliver the foam at a rate of at least 39 per second of foam from the sealed container, more preferably at a rate of at least 10 9 per second.
EXAMPLE
The following compositions were prepared:
EX. 1 CGI I ~Pa~dl;./e Example Sodium alkyl sulphate 13.4 13.4 Sodium alkyl ethoxy (3) sulphate 2.5 2.5 Poiyhydroxy fatty add 4.0 4.0 (C12-C14) amide Alkyl dimethyl hyJ~oxycthyl 1.5 1.5 a"~",o,n ~rn cl.l~,ide Sodium soap 18.2 18.2 Sodium citrate 2.0 2.0 Pl.Gsphon:~ acid 1.5 1.5 Propane 1, 2diol 8.5 8.5 Ethanol 3.7 3.7 S",ec,lite clay 3.4 Water 32.6 36 Misce"-neous minors 8.7 8.7 Both compositions were packed into a conver,liGnal aerc,sol conlainer which was then pressurised up to 10 bar with carbon dioxide propellane. Both cc"lai.,e,~; were sealed with standard valves and foa"ling nozles. The cG""~a, dli~/e example was found to generate a foam which rapidly collarse~
The product of e~all.rl~ 1 however produced a much more stable foam.
The invention relates to a foam for treating textile fabrics.
The preparalio,) and use of foams for domestic fabric conditioning, in particular for fabric conditioning in a drying machine is known.
US-A~ 242 377, issued December 30th, 1980, describes foaming compositions comprising conditioning agents such as cationic surfactants. It is disclosed that fabrics are washed in a conve"lio,-al laundry process, and that the freshly washed fabrics are then put into a dryer with the co~ Idiliol ~ing foam. In this way the anionic su, ractanls used in the washing process, and the cationic surfactants used in the foam conditioning cycle, do not interact or complex with each other.
The aim of the present invention is to provide foam which both cleans and conditions the fabric in a single process (i.e. Softening-through-the-wash benefits).
A further aim of the invention is to improve the stability of a foam.
These objectives are achieved by fully or partly replacing cationic su, raclanl in the prior art colllposiliGI~ by clay, ll,ereby realising surlness benefits whilst avoiding the problem of undesirable cationic/anionic complexing.
Fu,ll,e""ore, it is surprising that clay improves foam stability. According to J.J. Bikerman "Foams", Springer-Verlag New York Inc., 1973, clay gives poor foam stability (benlonile on page 155, line 12) and colloidal clays (paragraph spa,,,,iny pages 251 and 252). Improved foam stability in turn means that less propellant is required in order to generate light (i.e. Iow density) foams.
Summary of the Invention The invention concerns a foam for treating textile fabrics, the foam co,),prising a fabric surlening clay. It is prefer.ed that the foam comprises from 0.1% to 20% by weight of fabric softening clay, and the clay is W O 97/12024 PCT~US96/15607 preferably selected from the group consisting of montmorillonite, saponite, hectorite or mixtures thereof.
In a further aspect of the invention the foam may be dispensed from aerosol containers by means of a liquid or g~seous propellant. Carbon dioxide gas is most ~rerer,ed as propellant. In this aspect of the invention a packaged product is provided com~,isi.,g:
(i) a foaming detergei)t co""~osition comprising fabric softening clay;
(ii) a propellant; and (iii) a container having a dispensing means, wherein the foaming detergent composition and the propellant are packaged inside the container.
In a still further aspect of the invention a method of cleaning and conditioning textile fabrics is provided comprising the steps of either applying a clay-containing foarn to the textile fabric and sl ~hsequently removing foam residues, ~, ererably by rinsing or by vacuum; or, alternatively dissolving a clay-containing foam to form an ~ eo~ ~s solution and immersing the textile fabric in the aqueous solution.
The methods of the invention may be carried out by hand, or in a wdsl,i.,g machine.
Detailed Desc, ;~JI;OI) of the Invention Foam is a coarse dispersion of gas in a relatively small amount of liquid.
The foams of the present invention are a continuous liquid phase c~"" ,isi"g a con~posilion, and a dispersed phase comprising a gas.
Typically, the gas "b~ ~hbles" of the dispersed phase can vary in size from ~0 mi.;~ometerX to several millimetres.
In ye"eral, the quality of the foam is deter",il~ed by ~csessing various foam quality attributes, such as: 1 ) the a~"~ea, d"ce of the foam as it is deter" ,i"ed by the u,,irur,-,iLy of the bubble size distribution, as well as by the actual bubble sizes, wherein small and uniformly sized bubbles are generally prefe"~d; 2) the thickness of the foam as it is determined by the a~,par~nt -W O 97/12024 PCT~US96/15607 foam viscosity, wherein a grealer apparent foam viscosity is generally preferred; 3) the density of the foam which is preferably less than 2509/l, more preferably less than 150 g/l, and most preferably less than 100 9/l; and 4) the drainage of the liquid from the foam upon ~lal l~ing on a solid sur~ace, wherein slow drainage of the liquid is generally preferred.
Preferred components of the detergent foam will now be described in more detail.
Water-saluble salts of the higher fatty acids, i.e., "soaps", are useful anionicsu,ra.;la"l~ in the compositions herein. This includes alkali metal soaps such as the sodium, potassium, ethanolamine, ammonium, and alkylar"n,oi ,ium salts of higher fatty acids containing from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, and preferably from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms.
Soaps can be made by direct sapol,iricalio,~ of fats and oils or by the neutralization of free fatty acids. Particularly useful are the ethanolamine, sodium and rot~ssil~rn salts of the mixtures of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and tallow, i.e., monoethanolamine, sodium or potassium tallow and coconut soap.
Useful anionic surfactants also include the water-soll~hle salts, preferably the alkali metal, ethanolamine, am"lG"ium and alkylold"""onium salts, of organic sulfuric reaction products having in their mclec~ r structure an alkyl group containing from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms and a sulfonic acid or sulfuric acid ester group. (Includerl in the term "alkyl" is the alkyl portion of acyl groups.) Examples of this group of synthetic surfactants are the alkyl sulfates, especi~lly those oblained by sulfating the higher alcGhols (Cg-C1g ca,bo" atoms) such as those produced by reducing the glycerides of tallow or coconut oil; and the alkyl benzene sulronales in which the alkyl group contains from about 9 to about 15 carbon atoms, in straight or bra.,~;l,ed chain configuration, e.g., those of the type described in U.S. Pat.
~r Nos. 2,220,099 and 2,477,383; and methyl ester sulphonates. Fsp-3ci~l1y valuable are linear sl,aiylll chain alkyl be"~ene sulronales in which the average number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is from about 11 to 13, abbreviated as C1 1-C1 3 LAS.
W O 97/12024 PCT~US96/15607 Other anionic sulrdcldllts herein are the alkyl glyceryl ether sulronates especially those ethers of higher alcohols derived from tallow and coconut oil; coconut oil fatty acid monoglyceride sulfonates and sulfates; salts of alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulf~tes conlair,ing from about 1 to about 10 units of ethylene oxide per molecule and wherein the alkyl groups contain from about 8 to about 12 carbon atoms; and salts of alkyl ethylene oxide ether sulfates contai,.ing from about 1 to about 10 units of ethylene oxide per molecule and wherein the alkyl group contains from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms.
Other useful anionic su,racla"ls herein include the water-soluble salts of esters of alpha-sulfonated fatty acids containing from about 6 to 20 carbon atoms in the fatty acid group and from about 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the ester group; water-soluble salts of 2-acyloxy-alkane-1-sulfonic acids CGI ,laining from about 2 to 9 carbon atoms in the acyl group and from about 9 to about 23 carbon atoms in the alkane moiety; alkyl ether sulfates cGnlaining from about 10 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and from about 1 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide; watersoluble salts of olefin sulfonates containing from about 12 to 24 carbon atoms; and beta-alkyloxy alkane sulronales conlaini,)g from about 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms in the alkane moiety.
Anionic sul rd~.lanl~ are preferably used at levels of from 5% to 50%
preferably from 10% to 40% more preferably from 18~~ to 30% by weight of the foaming co,nrosilio,).
Water-sol ~hl~ nonionic su~ra~;ldnts may be used but are less pr~re"ed in the clay-containing cc""~osiliGns of the invention. Such nonionic materials include cc.."~ounds produce~i by the ccndensalion of alkylene oxide groups (hydrophilic in nature) with an orga"ic hyJ~opl,obic cc",pound, which may be aliphatic or alkyl aromalic in nature. The length of the polyoxyalkylene group which is condensed with any particular hydlo~hobic group can be readily adjusted to yield a water-soll Ihle compound having the desired degree of balance between hydrophilic and hydl uphobic elements.
Suitable nonionic su,ractaots include the polyethylene oxide cor,de"sates of alkyl phenols, e.g., the condensation products of alkyl phenols having an W O 97/12024 PCT~US96/15607 alkyl group containing from about 6 to 16 carbon atoms, in either a straight chain or branched chain configuration, with from about 1 to 25 moles, preferably from about 2 to 7 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alkyl phenol.
"
r, efer~ ad nonionics are the water-soluble condensation products of aliphatic alcohols cGnlainin~ from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, in either straight chain or b,d"ched configuration, with from 1 to 25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, especi~ly 2 to 7 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
Particularly prere"~d are the conde"salion products of alcohols having an alkyl group containing from about 9 to 15 carbon atoms; and condensation products of propylene glycol with ethylene oxide.
Other preferred nonionics are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides which may be prepared by reacting a fatty acid ester and an N-alkyl polyhydroxy amine.
The prefer, ed amine for use in the present invention is N-(R1)-CH2(CH20H)4-CH2-OH and the prefe,led ester is a C12-C20 fatty acid methyl ester. Most pre~er.ed is the reaction product of N-methyl glucamine (which may be derived from gi ~cose) with C12-C20 fatty acid methyl ester.
Methods of manufacturing polyhydroxy fatty acid amides have been des~il,ed in WO 9206073, published on 16th April, 1992. This application deso~ ibes the ~Jrl3pdldlioll of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides in the presence of solvents. In a highly prerer.ed embodiment of the invention N-methyl glucamine is reacted with a C12-C20 methyl ester.
Semi-polar nonionic su. ractanls include water-sol~ ~hlc amine oxides co"ldining one alkyl moiety of from about 10 to 18 carbon atoms and 2 moieties selected from the group cGnsislin~a of alkyl groups and hydroxyalkyl groups conlai"i,)g from 1 to about 3 carbon atoms; water-soluble phosphine oxides cc"~aining one alkyl moiety of about 10 to 18 carbon atoms and 2 moieties selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and hydroxyalkyl groups containing from about 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and water-soluble J sl,lroxides co"lai"i"g one alkyl moiety of from about 10 to 18 carbon atoms ~ and a moiety sele~ted from the group cGnsisling of alkyl and hydroxyalkyl moieties of from about 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
W O 97/12024 PCT~US96/15607 Ampholytic surfactants inciude derivatives of aliphatic or aliphatic derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic moiety can be either straight or branched chain and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents cGnLains from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and at least one aliphatic substituent cGnlains an anionic water-solubilizing group.
Zwitterionic surfactants include derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium phosphonium, and sulfonium compounds in which one of the aliphatic substituents cOnldi~ IS from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
Useful cationic surfactants include water-soluble quaternary a"""oi)iumcompounds of the form R4RsR6R7N+X~, wherein R4 is alkyl having from 10 to 20, ,~raferably from 12-18 carbon atoms, and Rs, R6 and R7 are each C1 to C7 alkyl ~,raferably methyl; X~ is an anion, e.g. chloride. Examples of such trimethyl a,)""o"ium co",pounds include C12-14 alkyl l,i",etl,yl ammonium chloride and cocalkyl L,i."ell"~l a",."o"ium methosulfate.
Other surfactants that may be used in the compositions of the presei,l invention include C10-C18 glycerol ethers, C10-18 alkyl polyglycoside and their corres~Jonding sulphated polyglycosides, alkyl ester sulphonates, and oleoyl sarcosinate.
The foam of the present invention can contain neutral or alkaline salts which have a pH in solution of s~ven or greater, and can be either organic or inor~anic in nature. While some of the salts are inert, many of them also function as deter~e, .cy builder .-.~lel ials in the laundering solution.
Examples of neutral water-ssl~ ~hle salts include the alkali metal, ell.anola.";ne, a",mo"ium or s~bstit~ted a"""onium chlorides, fluorides and sulfates. The sodium, ethanolamine and arr"nonium salts of the above are prere,~ed. Citric acid and, in yel)eral~ any other organic or inoryanic acid may be i~ ,co".oralad into the present invention.
Other useful water-soluble salts include the co,."~ounds comr"GI~ly known as dete,yenl builder materials. Builders are generally selected from the various water-soluble, alkali metal, ell,dnola",i.ne, a""nonium or substituted a"""ol)ium phosphales, polyl~l)osplldlesl phosphonates, polyphosphonates, W O 97/12024 PCT~US96/15607 carbonates, silicates, borates, and polyhydroxysulfonates. Preferred are the sodium, ethanolamine and ~r"",G"ium salts of the above.
Specific examples of i"orgdnic phosphate builders are sodium and potassium tripolyphosphate, pyrophosphate, polymeric metaphosphate having a degree of polyme, i~lioi, of from about 6 to 21, and orthopl~ospl-ale. Examples of polyphosphonate builders are the salts of ethylene diphospl,onic acid, the salts of ethane 1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid and the salts of ethane, 1,1,2-triphos~JhGI~ic acid. Other phosphorus builder compounds are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,159,581; 3,213,030;
3,422,021; 3,422,137; 3,400,176 and 3,400,148, incorporated herein by rerere"ce. In general, however, phosphates are preferably avoided for environmental reasons.
Examples of nonphosphorus, illolyallic builders are sodium and potassium ca,6O"ale, 6ica,6Onale, ses~ ';CAr6Oi ,ale, tetraborate decahydrate, and silicate having a molar ratio of SiO2 to alkali metal oxide of from about 0.5 toabout 4.0, ,~,referably from about 1.0 to about 2.4.
An essential feature of the present invention is fabric sorlel ,i.ng clay.
Fabric so~le"i"g clays may be either unmodified or organically modified.
Those clays which are not organically modified can be described as eA~.ar,dable, three-layered clays, i.e., aluminosilicates and magnesium silic~tes, having an ion eA~l,a"ge capacity of at least 50 meq/100g. of clay and prererably at least 60 meq/100 9. of clay. The starting clays for the organically modified clays can be similarly desc, i6ed. The term "expandable" as used to des~i6e clays relates to the ability of the layered clay structure to be swollen, or expanded, on contact with water. The three-layer eA,uanclable clays used herein are those materials classified ge~l~gic~lly as sme~tites There are two ~ lin~t c~-~ses of smectite-type clays that can be broadly clirrer~"liated on the basis of the numbers of octahedral metal-oxygen a"dnge",enls in the central layer for a given number of silicon-oxygen atoms in outer layers. A more complete description of clay minerals is given in "Clay Colloid Chemistry" by H. van Olphen, John Wiley & Sons W O 97/12024 PCT~US96/15607 (Interscience Publishers), New York, 1963. Chapter 6, especially pages 66-69.
The family of smectite (or ",o,)l",orillonoid) clays includes the following trioctahedral minerais: talc; hectorite; saponite; sauconite; vermiculite; and the following dioctahedral minerals: prophyllite; montmorillonite;
volchonskoite and nontronite.
Ths clays employed in these compositions contain cationic counterions such as protons, sodium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, and lithium ions. It is cusloioary to distinguish between clays on the basis of one cation predominantly or exclusively absorbed. For example, a sodium clay is one in which the absorbed cation is predominantly sodium. Such absorbed caliGr,s can become involved in exchange reactions with cations present in aqueous solutions. A typical exchange reaction involving a smectite-type clay is expressed by the following e~lJ~tion:
smectite clay (Na)+ + NH40H => smectite clay (NH4)+ + NaOH.
Since in the foregoing e~ rium reaction, an equivalent weight of allllllo~ m ion replaces an equivalent weight of sodium, it is custG"~ary to measure cation excl ,ange c~p~cilr (soi "eli" ,es termed "base excl ,a"ye capacity") in terms of milliequivalents per 100 g. of clay (meq/100g). The cation e~ ,ange capacity of clays can be measured in several ways, including by ele~,udialysis, by eAcl)a,,ye with a"""onium ion followed by lill dliol " or by a methylene blue procedure, all as fully set forth in Grimshaw, "The Chemistry and Physics of Clays", pp. 264-265, I"te,~cience (1971).
The cation e,~a"ge cArArity of a clay material relates to such factors as the ex~,a".lable properties of the clay, the charge of the clay (which in turn is deler",ined at least in part by the lattice structure), and the like. The ione~,a"ge c~rArity of clays varies widely in th~ range form about 2 meq/100 g. of kaolinites to about 150 meq/100 g., and greater, for certain smectite clays.
F',efer,ed smectite-type clays are sodium ",G-,l",orillonite, potassium mo,ll"~orillonite, sodium hectorite and potassium hectorite. The clays used ~ herein have a ~a, licle size range of up to about 0.05mm.
Any of the clays used herein may be either naturally or synthetically derived.
WO 97/12024 PCT~US96/15607 Qther In~redients Other preferred ingredients include (but are not limited to) enzymes, polymers.
EnzYmes - Enzymes can be included in the formulations herein for a wide variety of fabric laundering purposes, including removal of protein-based, carbohydrate-based, or triglyceride-based stains, for example, and for the prevention of refugee dye L(an~rer, and for fabric resloraLion. The enzymes to be incot~,oraled include proteases, amylases, lipases, cellulases, and peroxid~ses, as well as mixtures thereof. Other types of enzymes may also be included They may be of any suitable origin, such as vegetable, animal, bacterial, fungal and yeast origin. However, their choice is governed by several factors such as pH-activity and/or stability optima, thermostability, stability versus active deterge, lls, builders and so on. In this respect l,ac.lerial or fungal enzymes are prefel . ~ad, such as bacterial amylases and prole~ses, and fungal cell~ ses Enzymes are normally incG.,~,G.aled at levels sufficient to provide up to about 5 mg by weight, more typically about 0.01 mg to about 3 mg, of active enzyme per gram of the cor"position. Stated otherwise, the cG""~osilions herein will typically comprise from about 0.001% to about 5%, pre~erably 0.01%-1% by weight of a commercial enzyme preparation.
Plolease enzymes are usually present in such co,l"~ercial preparations at levels sufficient to provide from 0.005 to 0.1 Anson units (AU) of activity per gram of coll~po5i~
Suitable examples of pr~te~ces are the subtilisins which are obtained from particular strains of B. subtilis and B. Iicheniforms. Another suitable protease is obtained from a strain of El~cill~s, having ma~cimum activity throughout the pH range of 8-12, developed and sold by Novo Industries A/S under the registered trade name ESPERASE. The preparation of this enzyme and analogous enzymes is des~ il,ed in British Patent Speciflcation No. 1,243,784 of Novo. Proteolytic enzymes suitable for removing protein-based stains that are co,.,n,ercially available include those sold under the tracJe"ames ALCALASE and SAVINASE by Novo Industries A/S (Denmark) and MAXATASE by l"le",dlional Bio-Synthetics, Inc. (The Netherlands).
Other proteases include Protease A (see European Patent Application 130,756, published January 9, 1985) and Protease B (see European Patent W O 97/12024 PCT~US96/15607 Application Serial No. 87303761.8, filed April 28, 1987, and European Patent Application 130,756, Bott et al, published January 9, 1985).
Amylases include, for example, a-amylases described in British Patent Specification No. 1,296,839 (Novo), RAPIDASE, International Bio-Synthetics, Inc. and TERMAMYL, Novo Industries.
The cellulase usable in the present invention include both bacterial or fungal cellulase. Preferably, they will have a pH optimum of between 5 and 9.5. Suitable cellnl~ses are ~isclosed in U.S. Patent 4,435,307, Barbesgo~rd et al, issued March 6, 1984, which discloses fungal cellulase produc~d from Humicola insolens and Humicola strain DSM1800 or a cellulase 212-producing fungus belonging to the genus Aeron~onas, and cellulase ekL,acled from the hep~top~ncreas of a marine mollusk (Dol~hell~
Auricula Solander). suitable cell~ ses are also disclosed in GB-A-2.075.028; GB-A-2.095.275 and DE-OS-2.247.832. CAREZYME (Novo) is especially useful.
Suitable lipase enzymes for delergent usage include those produced by microo(yallisllls of the Pseudo",o"as group, such as Pseuclo,-,onas stutzeri ATCC 19.154, as rlisclosed in British Patent 1,372,034. See also lipases in Japanese Patent Application 53,20487, laid open to public inspection on February 24, 1978. This lipase is available from Amano Pharm~ceutir~l Co. Ltd., Nagoya, Japan, under the trade name Lipase P
"Amano," hereinafter referred to as "Amano-P." Other commercial lir~ses includeAmano-CES, lip~sesexCl,ro",oh~cterviscos~m, e.g. Chromob~cter viscosum var. Iipolyticum NRRLB 3673, commercially available from Toyo Jozo Co., Tagata, Japan; and further Cl,-omob~cter viscosum l;r~ses from U.S. Biochemical Corp., U.S.A. and Disoynth Co., The Netherlands, and lip~ces ex Pseuclo",onas gladioli. The LIPOLASE enzyme derived from Hu,flicola lanug;"osa and commercially available from Novo (see also EPO
341,947) is a ,vre~er,ed lipase for use herein.
Peroxidase enzymes are used in combination with oxygen sources, e.g., pe,carl~ondle, pe,l~ofale, persulfate, hyd~oge" peroxide, etc. They are used for "sol~tion bleaching," i.e. to prevent transfer of dyes or pigments removed from sul,sl,ales during wash operalions to other subsl-dles in the wash sclution. Peroxid~se enzymes are known in the art, and include, for exainple, I,or~e,adisl, peroxid~se, ligninase, and haloperoxid~se such as chloro- and bromo-peroxidase. Peroxirl~-se-containing dete, yeul compositions are ~isclose~1. for exa--"~le, in PCT Intemational Application 3, published October 19, 1989, by O. Kirk, assigned to Novo Industries A/S.
A wide range of enzyme materials and means for their incorporation into synthetic deter-yenl compositions are also disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,553,139, issued January 5, 1971 to McCarty et al. Enzymes are further disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,101,457, Place et al, issued Juiy 18, 1978, and in U.S. Patent 4,507,219, Hughes, issued March 26, 1985, both. Enzyme materials useful for liquid deter~~ent formulations, and their incorporation into such formulations, are ~isclosed in U.S. Patent 4,261,868, Hora et al, issued April 14, 1981. Enzymes for use in detergei,ls can be stabilized by various techniques. Enzyme stabilization techniques are ~isclosed and exemplified in U.S. Patent 3,600,319, issued August 17, 1971 to Gedge, et al, and European Patent Application Publication No. 0 199 405, Application No. 86200586.5, published October 29, 1986, Venegas. Enzyme stabilization systems are also described, for example, in U.S. Patent 3,51 9,570.
Enzyme Stabilizers - The enzymes employed herein are stabilized by the presence of water-soluble sources of calcium and/or magnesium ions in the finished compositions which provide such ions to the enzymes.
(Calcium ions are generally somewhat more effective than magnesium ions and are pr~rel.ed herein if only one type of cation is being used.) Additional stability can be provided by the presence of various other art~isclosed stabilizers, especially borate sp~~ es: see Severson, U.S. 4,537,706.
Typical deleryellls~ especially li~ids, will cG,,,,ulise from about 1 to about 30, preferably from about 2 to about 20, more prererably from about 5 to about 15, and most IJreferdL,ly from about 8 to about 12, millimoles of calcium ion per liter of rinished comrssition. This can vary somewhat, depending on the amount of enzyme present and its response to the calcium or magnesium ions. The level of calcium or ...ay~esium ions should be selected so that there is always some minimum level available for the enzyme, after allowing for complexation with builders, fatty acids, etc., in thecGr.~l~osi~ion. Any water-ssl~ ~hle calcium or magnesium salt can be used as the source of calcium or magnesium ions, including, but not limited to, calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, calcium malate, calcium maleate, calcium hydroxide, calcium fo,."ale, and calcium ~cet~l.e, and the corresponding magnesium salts. A small amount of calcium ion, generally from about 0.05 W O 97/12024 PCT~US96/lS607 12 to about 0.4 millimoles per liter, is often also present in the composition due to calcium in the enzyme slurry and formula water. In solid detergent compositions the formulation may include a sufficient quantity of a water-soluble calcium ion source to provide such amounts in the laundry liquor. In the alternative, natural water hardness may suffice.
It is to be understood that the foregoing levels of calcium and/or magnesium ions are surriciei,l to provide enzyme stability. More calcium andlor magnesium ions can be added to the co",positions to provide an additional measure of grease removal performance. Accordingly, as a general proposition the co",positions herein will typically comprise from about 0.05% to about 2% by weight of a water-soluble source of calcium or magnesium ions, or both. The amount can vary, of course, with the amount and type of enzyme employed in the cor"posilion.
The compositions herein may also oplio"ally, but preferably, contain various additional stabilizers, especially borate-type stabilizers. Typically, such stabilizers will be used at levels in the composilio"s from about 0.25%
to about 10%, prt:ferably from about 0.5% to about 5%, more pr~reral~ly from about 0.75% to about 3%, by weight of boric acid or other borate compound r~r~hl9 of fc,r."ing boric acid in the composition (~lull~ted on the basis of boric acid). Boric acid is prerer,ed, although other compounds such as boric oxide, borax and other alkali metal t,oraLes (e.g., sodium ortho-, meta- and py. oL,orale, and so~ium pentaborate) are suitable.
S~hstituted boric acids (e.g., phenylboronic acid, butane boronic acid, and p-bromo phenylLoronic acid) can also be used in place of boric acid.
DYeTr~n:jrer Inhibitin~A~ents - The comrositions of the present invention may also include one or more ...al~rials effective for inhibiting the l,d.,:jrer of dyes from one fabric to ~noll,er during the cleaning ,~.rocess.
Generally, such dye l,d"srer inhibiting agents include polyvinyl pyrrolidone polymers, polyamine N-oxide polymers, copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimi~ol~, " ,aoganese phthalocyanine, peroxidases, and mixtures thereof. If used, these agents typically co"",rise from about 0.01%
to about 10% by weight of the comrosition, ,~rererably from about 0.01% to about 5%, and more pr~rer~bly from about 0.05% to about 2%.
More specifically, the polyamine N-oxide polymers ,urefer,ed for use hercin Col ,lain units having the following structural formula: R-A~P; wherein P is a polymerizable unit to which an N-0 group can be allacl ,ed or the N-0 W O 97/12024 PCT~US96/15607 group can form part of the polymerizable unit or the N-O group can be attached to both units; A is one of the foliowing structures: -NC(O)-, -C(O)O-, -S-, -O-, -N=; x is 0 or 1; and R is aliphatic, ethoxylated aliphatics, arun,dlics, heterocyclic or alicyclic groups or any combination thereof to which the nitrogen of the N-O group can be attached or the N-O group is part of these groups. Preferred polyamine N-oxides are those wherein R is a heterocyclic group such as pyridine, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrrolidine, piperidine and derivatives thereof.
The N-O group can be represented by the following general structures:
O O
R2)y; =N
~R3)z wherein R1, R2, R3 are aliphatic, aro",alic, heterocyclic or alicyclic groups or co,,,bi,)dliûns thereof; x, y and z are 0 or 1; and the nitrogen of the N-O
group can be attached or form part of any of the aforemei,lioned groups The amine oxide unit of the polyamine N-oxides has a pKa c10, preferably pKa <7, more prere"ed pKa c6.
Any polymer backbone can be used as long as the amine oxide polymer ru".,ed is water-soluble and has dye l,d"srer inhibiting properties.
Exdlllpl~s of s~it~hle polymeric backbones are polyvinyls, polyalkylenes, polyesters, polyethers, polyamide, polyimides, polyacrylates and mixtures thereof. These polymers include ,ando,), or block copolymers where one ",GnG"~er type is an amine N-oxide and the other monomer type is an N-oxide. The amine N-oxide polymers typically have a ratio of amine to the amine N-oxide of 10:1 to 1:1,000,000. However, the number of amine oxide groups present in the polyamine oxide polymer can be varied by approrJridle copol)" "eri~dliG,) or by an a~,ru~, idle degree of N-oxidation. The polyamine oxides can be obtained in almost any degree of poly",eri~dlio,).
Typically, the average r,.olo:u~-- weight is within the range of 500 to 1,000,000; more prefer,ed 1,000 to 500,000; most prere"~d S,000 to 100,000. This prere"ed class of materials can be referred to as "PVNO".
J The most prefe" ed polyamine N-oxide useful in the detergent c~lllposili~l,s herein is poly(4-vinylpyridine-N-oxide) which as an average molecul-- weight of about 50,000 and an amine to amine N-oxide ratio of about 1 :4.
WO 97112024 PCTAUS96/lS607 Copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole polymers (re~erred to as a class as "PVPVI") are also preferred for use herein.
r, t rerably the PVPVI has an average molec~ r weight range from ~,000 to 1,000,000, more ~re~,~ly from 5,000 to 200,000, and most preferably from 10,000 to 20,000. (The average mole~ weight range is deter-,)i.,ed by light scalleri,-g as described in Barth, et al., Chemical Analvsis Vol 113.
"Modern Methods of Polymer Characteri,alio"", the disclos~ ~res of which are incorporated herein by reference.) The PVPVI copolymers typically have a molar ratio of N-vinylimidazole to N-vinylpyrrolidone from 1:1 to 0.2:1, more pre~rably from 0.8:1 to 0.3:1, most prererc~ly from 0.6:1 to 0.4:1. These copolymers can be either linear or branched.
The present invention compositions also may employ a polyvinyl-pyrrolidone ("PVP") having an average molecul~r weight of from about 5,000 to about 400,000, ~ ,erer~bly from about 5,000 to about 200,000, and more prereraL~ly from about 5,000 to about 50,000. PVP's are known to persons skilled in the deler~aent field; see, for example, EP-A-262,897 and EP-A-256,696, incorporated herein by ,ererence. Compositions conlai,)ir,g PVP
can also co,.lain polyethylene glycol ("PEG") having an average moleal~~~
weight from about 500 to about 100,000, prefera~ly from about 1,000 to about 10,000. r,eferd~ly, the ratio of PEG to PVP on a ppm basis delivered in wash sol~tions is from about 2:1 to about 50:1, and more ~rt:rera~ly from about 3:1 to about 10:1.
Foam st~hilising agents, apart from the fabric SOnel,i. ,9 clay, may also be employed in the colllposiliGIls of the present invention. F~creci~'ly ~,rerer,e-J
are alyphatic alcohols such as straight chain saturated alcohols of 12 to 18 carbon atoms e.g. cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol and mixtures ll-er~ofi Polymers including polyvinylpyrrolidone, poiyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polype~lides, poly:,a~l.d.ides, cell~lsse derivatives; and also natural and s~..ll.elic gums and resins such as guar gum, ca.ayeenan, sodium alg;.)dls and caseinate may also be used in the present invention.
Textile ~d~l iCs, as defined herein, are any materials made from cloth, including ya,.. e"ls such as shirts, blc~ses, socks, skirts, trousers, jackets, ~-underwear etc, and also including tahlecloU,s, towels, curtains etc. The definition of textile fabrics as used herein does not include ca,pets and similar floor coverings.
CA 02233323 l998-03-27 W O 97/12024 PCT~US96/15607 Textile fabrics which are to be used in the present invention are commonly made by weaving or knitting. Many dirrerent fibres may be used to produce woven, knitted or other types of tbxtile fabric including synthetic fibres (suchas polyester, polyamide, etc.) and natural fibres from plants (such as cotton, hemp) and from animals (such as wool, angGra, silk). Blends of different fibres are aiso commonly used.
It is illlpG,ls,'t to distinguish between the foam of the present invention and the suds which are co"l",only encountered in everyday washing process.
The foam of the present invention is much more conce,1lrdled and comprises less water than conventional suds. The foam of the present invention ,.referal~ly comprises at least 18% by weight, and preferably at least 25% by weight of a surface active agent. Most prefer, ed foams for use as cleaning col,lposilions cGnl~,rise at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 20% by weight of anionic surfactant.
On the other hand, suds, which are for",ed in conventional washing process when detergenls are diluted prior to washing, are formed from quite dilute solutions typically 1009 of product in 10 litres of water. The result is a wash liquor which comprises about 99% by weight of water. A layer of suds may form on the surface of the wash liquor, the composition of the suds being similar to that of the wash liquor itself. The su, ra~la"l conlenl of the suds will normally be much less than 1~~, typically less than 0.3%.
Conseq~ ~ently the dirrerence between the foam of the present invention and the suds of a conventional washing process will be understood.
It will also be recognised by the man skilled in the art that suds are often considered undesirable in the washing process and antisuds agents are often employed to reduce or control them. In a washi"~ process in which the solution of detergent active agents is the medium of l,dnspGi l of the actives to the fibre surface, the presence of suds can diminish washing pe-ror",d"ce. This is be~use the dele~e,ll actives which are in the suds , are no longer dissolved in the washing liquor itself, and are not therefore efficiently transported to the fibre surface.
W O 97/12024 PCTAJS96/1~607 Packa~ed Product The packaged product of the present invention comprises a sealed container such as an essentially cylindrical bottle having a dispensing means such as a nozle. The container contains the composition and propellant gas. Suitable CGI ,lai- ,ers may be made from any material espesi~lly aluminium tin-plate plastics including PET OPP PE or polyamide and including mixtures lar"i"ales or other combinations of these.
Foam is dispensed when the nozle is activated and the detergent is released together with the propellant gas. The propellant gas expands to form many "b~ ~hbl~s" within the co",position thereby creating the foam.
Propellant The propellant of this aspect of the present invention comprises carbon dioxide, or nitrous oxide (especially N20) fluorocarbons (e.g. CFC HCFC
and HFC) alkanes (e.g. p,opa"e butane pentane hexane) nitrogen air or mixtures thereof. Most preferred is carbon dioxide.
Various ways to pressurise the propellant gas are known in the art. Forexample the gas may be pressurised at the time of packing. The product may be physically sepa,aled from a co",,uressed gas by a membrane such as rubber under te"sion. Alternatively a means for pressurising the gas sl~hse~uently by mechanical action may be provided (so-called pump and spray' systems).
Various appalal,~s for delivering foams are described in US-A ~ 364 031issued on 15th November 1994 entitled "Foam Dispensing No~les and Dispensers Employing Said N~les".
Any nozle or nozle / valve assembly which provides a means for releasing the mixture of delergenl ir,yl edie. ,ls from the co"lai,)er and provides a foamis suit~5 le for use in the present invention. The Precision Valve Col"pa.,y (Valve Précision in France) snpplies a range of nozle asser"blies for various applicaliGns including shaving foams and carpet cleaners under various trade names including City~ lo, lleg~3) Power Jet~) Vulcan~9 and Visco~. Nozles which disper~e the foam both hori~o"lally and vertically (when the container is held upright) are available. Metering nozzles which dispense a predetermined amount of foam are also available and useful in W O 97/12024 PCT~US96/15607 17 the present invention. Metering valves are disclosed in W09108965 (Precision Valve Co) and EP-A 616953 (3M Co). In order for the ap~ar~lus to be effective in the IlleUlGd of the presenl invention it should deliver the foam at a rate of at least 39 per second of foam from the sealed container, more preferably at a rate of at least 10 9 per second.
EXAMPLE
The following compositions were prepared:
EX. 1 CGI I ~Pa~dl;./e Example Sodium alkyl sulphate 13.4 13.4 Sodium alkyl ethoxy (3) sulphate 2.5 2.5 Poiyhydroxy fatty add 4.0 4.0 (C12-C14) amide Alkyl dimethyl hyJ~oxycthyl 1.5 1.5 a"~",o,n ~rn cl.l~,ide Sodium soap 18.2 18.2 Sodium citrate 2.0 2.0 Pl.Gsphon:~ acid 1.5 1.5 Propane 1, 2diol 8.5 8.5 Ethanol 3.7 3.7 S",ec,lite clay 3.4 Water 32.6 36 Misce"-neous minors 8.7 8.7 Both compositions were packed into a conver,liGnal aerc,sol conlainer which was then pressurised up to 10 bar with carbon dioxide propellane. Both cc"lai.,e,~; were sealed with standard valves and foa"ling nozles. The cG""~a, dli~/e example was found to generate a foam which rapidly collarse~
The product of e~all.rl~ 1 however produced a much more stable foam.
Claims (10)
1. A foam for treating textile fabrics, characterised in that the- foam comprises a fabric softening clay.
2. A foam according to claim 1 comprising from 0.1% to 20% by weight of fabric softening clay.
3. A foam according to either of claims 1 or 2, the fabric softening clay being selected from the group consisting of montmorillonite, saponite, hectorite or mixtures thereof.
4. A packaged product comprising:
(i) a foaming detergent composition;
(ii) a propellant; and (iii) a container having a dispensing means, wherein the foaming detergent composition and the propellant gas are packaged inside the container, characterised in that the foaming detergent composition comprises fabric softening clay.
(i) a foaming detergent composition;
(ii) a propellant; and (iii) a container having a dispensing means, wherein the foaming detergent composition and the propellant gas are packaged inside the container, characterised in that the foaming detergent composition comprises fabric softening clay.
5. A packaged product according to claim 4 comprising from 0.1% to 20% by weight of fabric softening clay.
6. A packaged product according to either of claims 4 or 5, the fabric softening clay being selected from the group consisting of montmorillonite, saponite, hectorite or mixtures thereof.
7. A packaged product according to claim 4 wherein the propellant is carbon dioxide.
8. A method of cleaning and conditioning textile fabrics comprising the steps of :
(i) applying a foam according to any of claims 1 to 3 to the textile fabric and (ii) subsequently removing foam residues, preferably by rinsing or by vacuum.
(i) applying a foam according to any of claims 1 to 3 to the textile fabric and (ii) subsequently removing foam residues, preferably by rinsing or by vacuum.
9. A method of cleaning and conditioning textile fabrics comprising the steps of :
(i) dissolving a foam according to any of claims 1 to 3 to form an aqueous solution and (ii) immersing the textile fabric in the aqueous solution.
(i) dissolving a foam according to any of claims 1 to 3 to form an aqueous solution and (ii) immersing the textile fabric in the aqueous solution.
10. A method according to claim 9, carried out in a washing machine.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP95202619A EP0765932B1 (en) | 1995-09-29 | 1995-09-29 | Method of treating textile fabrics with foam |
EP95202619.3 | 1995-09-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2233323A1 true CA2233323A1 (en) | 1997-04-03 |
Family
ID=8220670
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002233323A Abandoned CA2233323A1 (en) | 1995-09-29 | 1996-09-27 | Foam for treating textile fabrics |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0765932B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3916254B2 (en) |
AR (1) | AR003726A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9610673A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2233323A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69520946T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2156189T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997012024A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005107699A1 (en) * | 2004-05-07 | 2005-11-17 | Deb Ip Limited | Foamed cleanser with suspended particles, a method of producing same, and a dispenser therefore |
US9718069B2 (en) | 2014-05-12 | 2017-08-01 | Deb Ip Limited | Foam pump |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0937771A1 (en) | 1998-02-19 | 1999-08-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Liquid detergent and foam compositions |
DE202005011885U1 (en) * | 2005-07-28 | 2006-08-31 | Schwan-Stabilo Cosmetics Gmbh & Co. Kg | Foamed preparation from particle shaped material, useful e.g. in cosmetic preparation, comprises a composition containing a surfactant and a thickening agent in liquid medium |
EP2126027B1 (en) * | 2007-02-20 | 2013-09-11 | Novozymes A/S | Enzyme foam treatment for laundry |
WO2018231750A1 (en) | 2017-06-13 | 2018-12-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for treating at least one garment |
JP7150884B2 (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2022-10-11 | ザ プロクター アンド ギャンブル カンパニー | Method for treating fabrics and related compositions |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3716488A (en) * | 1970-09-04 | 1973-02-13 | Stevens & Co Inc J P | Textile fabric cleaning compositions |
US4242377A (en) * | 1974-02-11 | 1980-12-30 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Fabric conditioning |
US4055248A (en) * | 1974-12-17 | 1977-10-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fabric treating compositions and articles |
US4563186A (en) * | 1984-04-05 | 1986-01-07 | Purex Corporation | Multi-functional laundry product and employment of same during fabric laundering |
DE3430611A1 (en) * | 1984-08-20 | 1986-02-20 | Werner & Mertz Gmbh, 6500 Mainz | AGENTS FOR THE KILLING OF HOUSE DUST MITES AND THE USE THEREOF |
US5019280A (en) * | 1986-11-14 | 1991-05-28 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Ion-pair complex conditioning agent with benzene sulfonate/alkyl benzene sulfonate anionic component and compositions containing same |
US4915854A (en) * | 1986-11-14 | 1990-04-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Ion-pair complex conditioning agent and compositions containing same |
ATE97691T1 (en) * | 1987-06-30 | 1993-12-15 | Procter & Gamble | DETERGENT/SOFTENER COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING HECTORITE CLAY. |
US4861502A (en) * | 1988-02-08 | 1989-08-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Conditioning agent containing amine ion-pair complexes and composiitons thereof |
US4844821A (en) * | 1988-02-10 | 1989-07-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Stable liquid laundry detergent/fabric conditioning composition |
DE68927290T2 (en) * | 1988-12-21 | 1997-04-24 | Procter & Gamble | Textile fabric softener containing natural hector rides |
-
1995
- 1995-09-29 DE DE69520946T patent/DE69520946T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-09-29 EP EP95202619A patent/EP0765932B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-09-29 ES ES95202619T patent/ES2156189T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-09-26 AR ARP960104508A patent/AR003726A1/en unknown
- 1996-09-27 CA CA002233323A patent/CA2233323A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-09-27 WO PCT/US1996/015607 patent/WO1997012024A1/en active Application Filing
- 1996-09-27 JP JP51373097A patent/JP3916254B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-09-27 BR BR9610673A patent/BR9610673A/en unknown
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005107699A1 (en) * | 2004-05-07 | 2005-11-17 | Deb Ip Limited | Foamed cleanser with suspended particles, a method of producing same, and a dispenser therefore |
EA009671B1 (en) * | 2004-05-07 | 2008-02-28 | Деб Ай-Пи Лимитед | Foamed cleanser with suspended particles, a method of producing same, and a dispenser therefore |
US8002151B2 (en) | 2004-05-07 | 2011-08-23 | Deb Ip Limited | Method of producing foamed cleanser with suspended particles therein and a dispenser therefore |
US8281958B2 (en) | 2004-05-07 | 2012-10-09 | Deb Ip Limited | Method of producing foamed cleanser with suspended particles therein and a dispenser therefore |
US10736824B2 (en) | 2004-05-07 | 2020-08-11 | Deb Ip Limited | Foamed cleanser with suspended particles |
US9718069B2 (en) | 2014-05-12 | 2017-08-01 | Deb Ip Limited | Foam pump |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AR003726A1 (en) | 1998-09-09 |
ES2156189T3 (en) | 2001-06-16 |
BR9610673A (en) | 1999-07-06 |
DE69520946D1 (en) | 2001-06-21 |
JPH11512771A (en) | 1999-11-02 |
EP0765932B1 (en) | 2001-05-16 |
JP3916254B2 (en) | 2007-05-16 |
EP0765932A1 (en) | 1997-04-02 |
WO1997012024A1 (en) | 1997-04-03 |
DE69520946T2 (en) | 2001-12-20 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
EEER | Examination request | ||
FZDE | Discontinued |