CA2079926A1 - Gloss acrylic paint - Google Patents

Gloss acrylic paint

Info

Publication number
CA2079926A1
CA2079926A1 CA 2079926 CA2079926A CA2079926A1 CA 2079926 A1 CA2079926 A1 CA 2079926A1 CA 2079926 CA2079926 CA 2079926 CA 2079926 A CA2079926 A CA 2079926A CA 2079926 A1 CA2079926 A1 CA 2079926A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
composition according
paint
weight
composition
pigment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA 2079926
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
David C. Fistner, Sr.
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Binney and Smith Inc
Original Assignee
Binney and Smith Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Binney and Smith Inc filed Critical Binney and Smith Inc
Publication of CA2079926A1 publication Critical patent/CA2079926A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D133/00Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D133/04Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C09D133/06Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/02Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L33/00Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L33/04Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C08L33/06Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical

Abstract

An aqueous paint composition including a pigment, two acrylic resins, a plasticizer, a thickener and a volatile pH regulant. The composition optionally includes a plasticizer, a thickener, a defoamer, drying agent, an adhesion promoter, and/or a preservative. The composition is useful as a high gloss suitable for use on textiles as the applied paint film exhibits excellent flexibility.

Description

~L08~ AcRYLIC PAINT Z~799~6 BACXGROUND OF T~E INVBNTION
1. The Field Or the Invention This invention relates generally to the field of paints. In one particular aspect, the invention relates to high gloss paints, and it more specifically relates to the formulation of glossy acrylic paints. In one preferred form, the invention relates to improvements in aqueous high ; gloss paints for use by artists on cloth such as artists' canvases and clothing textiles, as well as on nonporous surfaces such as glass and plastic.
2. Br~ef De~aription Of The Prior Art There are disclosed in the prior art a number of paints. A paint is generally defined as a fluid material which, when spread over a surface in a thin layer, will form a solid, cohesive and adherent film. Paints, in their most basic constituency are mixtures of a solvent or diluent, finely divided pigment or extender particles, and a film forming binder. Mixtures similar to paints, but lacking pigments, are known as varnishes.
The first component of a paint is the liquid solvent or diluent. A paint can only be applied to a surface if it has sufficient fluidity, and this fluidity is achieved by dissolving the binder in a solvent or by forming a colloidal suspension of the pigment and the film forming binder in a diluent. The combination of a film forming binder and a solvent-thinner mixture may be referred to as the vehicle for the pigment.
Paints are typically of two types; those based upon a hydrocarbon solvent, i.e. an oil base paint in which the binder is dissolved in a hydrocarbon solvent; and, the so-called latex or water-based paints which rely upon emulsions of polymers and pigments in water.

2C?799~6 Hydrocarbon solvent-based paints have traditionally been expensive paints capable of prcviding a high gloss finish. However, along with their desirable appearance, they have had several undesirable qualities.
Solvent-based paints are notorious for difficult clean-up from the paint applicator. Also, solvent systems utilized in these paints typically include such toxic hydrocarbons as toluene and xylene. Such toxic components may lead to both disposal problems and consumer rejection due to a rising appreciation of the dangers of exposure to toxic chemicals.
Solvent-based paints also have a disagreeable odor due to their hydrocarbon components, and they are easily smeared and tend to soak through the material to which they are applied instead of remaining on the surface. Moreover, solvent-based paints are usually difficult to wash from the skin.
Consumer awareness and acceptance of environmentally safer products encourages finding attractive alternatives to hydrocarbon solvent-based paints.
Water-based paints have the desirable quality of ease of applicator clean-up and good skin fugitivity but have traditionally not provided as durable a finish as solvent-based paints. The lack of hydrocarbon solvents improves the environmental attractiveness of water-based emulsion paints.
However, water-based emulsion paints have also traditionally lacked the gloss desired by artists.
Finely divided particles in paints which provide color and opacity to the paint are termed pigments.
Commercially available pigments range in particle size from less than 0.2 microns to 10 microns and are often made available as dispersions of pigment solids in water, surfactants and solvents. Pigments are finely ground solid materials and the nature and amount of pigment contained in an paint determines its color. Similar particles may also - 3 - Z ~ ~ 99~, be used which do not provide color and such particles are generally termed extenders.
Pigments traditionally are selected from a wide array of solid particles and may be of either organic or inorganic origin. Inorganic materials include such compounds as titanium dioxide or lead chromes. Organic pigments such as carbon black, pigment dyestuffs, toners and lakes may also be used in paints.
The binder component holds together the pigment particles and provides the general mechanical properties of the applied paint film. These mechanical properties most often are directed to protecting the surface of the object being painted and protect against such problems as cracking.
The binder also gives to the applied paint film its gloss or sheen.
Binders are generally organic polymer materials, although some inorganic binders have been developed. A
common organic paint binder is an acrylic resin. Generally, only one binder has been used in a paint, since commercial suppliers of organic binders advise against mixing of differing binders. This conventional thinking leads paint developers away from attempting the use of such a mixture.
An important objective in formulating paints is to provide for excellent binder strength while still exhibiting the flexibility to withstand movement of the painted surface without cracking.
For the appearance sought by consumers in a high gloss paint, an initial`gloss level of 60 or greater as measured by a gloss meter is desirable. While high gloss paints have been traditionally formulated using a binder resin having a high glass transition temperature and having a small particle size, such paints have been very inflexible and crack easily, especially when used on artists canvases and fabrics which are subject to flexing movements.

x~ 9~~

Commonly, an increase in flexibility has come at the cost of reduced gloss, since a lower gloss binder having a lower glass transition temperature has been accepted to achieve a more flexible paint film.
Paints may also include such ingredients as plasticizers, thickeners, coalescing agents, surfactants, freezelthaw additives, preservatives and defoamers.
Plasticizers are added to paints which use brittle binders such as polymethyl methacrylate (an acrylic resin) to improve the flexibility of the paint film. Brittle binders tend to yield paints which easily crack, and the addition of a plasticizer acts to reduce attractive forces between the large polymer chains of the binder and to lubricate the interface between polymer molecules.
Thickeners are used to impart non-Newtonian viscosity to a paint. Non-Newtonian viscosity is a desirable property in a paint as it inhibits pigment settling and prevents "sag" following application of the paint. Sagging is the downward movement of a wet paint film on a vertical surface, and one of its causes is excessively thinned paint.
Coalescing agents, also known as coalescing solvents, function to encourage the joining of the individual binder polymer droplets as the diluent evaporates from the applied paint film. While helpful in proper film forming, coalescing agents do generally detract from the resistance of the paint to freezing.
Freeze/thaw additives improve the stability of the paint over widely varying temperatures.
To improve the stability of pigment dispersions, surfactants are sometimes added. Also, such surfactants may be used to limit graininess and/or enhance the levelling characteristics of ths paint.
Preservatives serve the obvious function of 2~?';'99~

preventing spoilage of the paint.
Apparent from the foregoing is that a high gloss paint which has a combination of the desirable qualities of both the water-based emulsion paints and the hydrocarbon solvent-based paints would very appealing to the consumer.
Further, such an ideal paint would maintain high gloss while forming a film flexible enough for use on canvases and textiles. An even more appealing paint would retain these desirable qualities while eliminating the undesirable qualities of lack of permanence, toxicity, and odor of prior paints. Thus, a paint is desired which retains such desirable qualities as permanence, including resistance to washing, lack of toxicity, no disagreeable odors, and good skin fugitivity. In addition, the capability to adhere to nonporous surfaces such as glass, plastic or metals is, in certàin applications, another desirabla property.
It is therefore a general object of the invention to provide an aqueous based, high gloss paint.
A second object of the invention is to provide a flexible paint suitable for use on canvas and textiles.
It is also an object of the invention to provide a nontoxic paint.
Another object of the invention is to provide a paint which adheres readily to glass and plastics as well as textiles.
A still further object of the invention is to provide an odorless, or at least not malodorous, paint.
These and other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in this art from the following description of the invention and the appended claims.

BWMARY OF TI~E INV~NTION
The discovery of the present invention is that one 2~799~6 may create a paint which combines many of the most desirable qualities of both water-based emulsion paints and hydrocarbon solvent-based paints, while eliminating a great manv undesirable qualities of both paints. Thus, the invention is a nontoxic aqueous high gloss paint which has sufficient flexibility to be suitable for use on fabric as well as a variety of surfaces including nonporous surfaces such as glass.
The paint of the invention retains such desirable qualities of a water-based paint as no toxicity, little or no odor, and clean-up with soap and water. In addition, the composition of the invention exhibits the desirable qualities of prior hydrocarbon solvent-based paints of permanence and high gloss. This new paint provides a flexible film which is especially useful on artists canvases and textiles, and, while the film dries to a non-tacky surface, a reasonable drying time is provided. This new paint may also be adapted to adhere well to such nonporous surfaces as glass, plastic, or metals.
While the present invention retains these individual desirable qualities of water-based and hydrocarbon solvent-based paints, the invention eliminates many of the undesirable qualities of previously available paints. ~uch qualities of water-based paints as poor adherence to nonporous surfaces and poor permanence are eliminated. The undesirable qualities of hydrocarbon solvent-based paints including disagreeable odors and toxicity are also eliminated by the present invention.
With the removal of toxic chemicals from the paint system, the paint is suitable for use by both children and adults. Also, potential disposal problems associated with disposal of hydrocarbon solvent-based paints are eliminated.
Additionally, the high costs typically associated with formulating high gloss paints are avoided by increasing the 9~

utilization of lower cost typically low gloss binders without sacrificing the desirable glossy appearance.
In the first respect, the discovery is that an aqueous composition including a pigment, a non-ionic acrylic resin having a glass transition temperature of at least about 25O C, a non-ionic aqueous acrylic emulsion having a glass transition temperature no greater than about 10 C, a plasticizer and a volatile pH regulant will yield a flexible high gloss paint. This paint is also nontoxic when compared to previously available solvent-based paints containing such hydrocarbons as toluene and xylene.
Thus, in one preferred form, the invention is an aqueous composition comprising from about 5% to about 40% by weight of a pigment dispersion; from about 30% to about 50%
by weight of a non-ionic aqueous acrylic emulsion having a glass transition temperature of at least about 25 C, from about 15% to about 30% by weight of a non-ionic aqueous acrylic emulsion having a glass transition temperature no greater than about 10 C, from about 1.5 to about 8% by weight of a plasticizer, and a volatile pH regulant added in an amount sufficient to establish a pH of from about 8 to about 10. Such a paint may also advantageously include one or more of a thickener, a coalescing agent, an adhesion promoter, a drying agent, a defoamer and a preservative.
It is to be understood, however, that particular paints having widely differing amounts of these components may be formulated to achieve specific results. Thus, the amounts and proportions of the various components are not narrowly critical to the practice of the present invention.

The present invention in its most basic form is an aqueous composition comprising from about 3% to about 40% by weight of a pigment dispersion; from about 30% to about 50%

Z~?799~6 ~ - 8 -by weight of a non-ionic aqueous acrylic emulsion having a glass transition temperature of at least about 25 C, from about 15% to about 30% by weight of a non-ionic aqueous acrylic emulsion having a glass transition temperature no greater than about 10 C, from about 1.5 to about 8% by weight of a plasticizer, a thickener and a volatile pH
regulant added in an amount sufficient to establish a pH of from about 8 to about 10.
As the paint of the invention is applied to a surface, it forms a film. As the paint diluent, water, and other volatile components dry by evaporation, the combination of the pigment, the high gloss acrylic emulsion, having a glass transition temperature of at least about 25 C , and the medium gloss acrylic emulsion, having a glass transition temperature no greater than about 10 C, form a unique, flexible, yet glossy, eye pleasing paint film.
To achieve a controlled high gloss as well as excellent film flexibility, it has been discovered that a combination of two acrylic resins may be used as the film forming binder. Acrylic resins are generally polymers or copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic esters, including such materials as styrenated acrylic copolymers, and they are sometimes referred to as acrylic varnish and lacquer resins or as acrylic film forming resins. They are commercially available as substantially pH-neutral dispersions.
The ability of individual polymer particles to move and merge in a bindertdiluent emulsion paint is governed by the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the particular polymer binder. A polymer changes from a brittle solid to a plastic condition when exposed to temperatures above that polymer's glass transition temperature.
Generally, the glass transition temperature of a polymer used in an emulsion paint should be lower than the paint's drying temperature. Binders having a higher glass X~t ~ ~9~6 transition temperature generally give a higher gloss to the applied paint film but also decrease the flexibility of the paint film which leads to cracking. Inflexible, high gloss binders are also generally more expensive than lower gloss binders.
Newly discovered is that two acrylic emulsions having substantially different glass transition temperatures can be combined to form an exceptional paint binder. such a binder provides a high gloss to the applied paint film while still maintaining excellent flexibility. Greatly increased paint film flexibility allows the paint to be used on a variety of surfaces, including textiles. Traditionally, commercial acrylic emulsion suppliers have warned against the combination of various acrylic emulsions, advising that such combinations would lead to emulsion instability as well as poor paint properties. Newly discovered is that a non-ionic aqueous acrylic emulsion having a glass transition temperature of at least about 25 C may be combined with a non-ionic aqueous acrylic emulsion having a glass transition temperature no greater than about 10 C without sacrificing paint emulsion stability. Moreover, the resulting binder provides excellent gloss as well as good flexibility of the paint film.
In the paint of the invention, from about 30% to about 50% by weight of a non-ionic aqueous acrylic emulsion having a glass transition temperature of at least about 25 C and from about 15% to about 30% by weight of a non-ionic aqueous acrylic emulsion having a glass transition temperature no greater than about 10 C are combined to achieve a paint having a high degree of permanence as well as a high gloss. An amount which appears to work particularly well is about 34% by weight of a non-ionic aqueous acrylic emulsion having a glass transition temperature greater than about 25 C and about 22% of a 2~ ~ 99.Z~

non-ionic aqueous acrylic emulsion having a glass transition temperature no greater than about 10 C.
The amounts of each of the non-ionic aqueous acrylic emulsions to be added to the paint composition are largely determined by the maximum desired gloss of the applied paint. Also, the combined amount of non-ionic aqueous acrylic emulsion used in the composition is governed by the ability to emulsify the binder in the aqueous medium.
Typically, commercially available acrylic emulsions contain about 40% to 50% by weight resin, the remainder being primarily water.
Many commercially available acrylic emulsions,have glass transition temperatures appropriate for use in the present invention.
For example, a non-ionic aqueous acrylic film forming emulsions having glass transition temperatures greater than about 25 C, which are manufactured by Rohm ~
Haas Company and sold under the names Emulsion E-1630, HG-74 and,AC-2000, work well in the composition of the invention.
Non-ionic aqueous acrylic emulsions having glass transition temperatures no greater than about 10 C are manufactured by Rohm & Haas Company and sold under the names RHOPLEX~ AC-234 and AC-235 and by Johnson Wax under the name Joncryl~ 74F work well in the composition of the invention.
The ratio of pigment to binder in the composition of the invention is generally not critical to the functioning of the composition or to achieving its benefits.
It is to be noted, however, that a large excess of pigment over binder may adversely affect the film-forming capability of the composition. An excess of binder over pigment affects only the degree of coloration of the re~sulting film.
A large excess of pigment in the composition may also have an adverse affect on the viscosity of the paint emulsion.
A plasticizer, when used in combination with both zr~ s.~

the harder, high gloss binder and the softer, lower gloss acrylic resin binder results in an end product having a flexibility not normally associated with high gloss paints.
However, merely adding plasticizer to a high gloss resin is expensive and therefore cost prohibitive.
Further, attempts to gain flexibility in high gloss paints solely using acrylic resins having high glass transition temperatures through the use of a plasticizer results in a paint film which still lacks the flexibility re~uired by many users of the paint. Also, as plasticizer is added in an attempt to gain flexibility, the combination often results in a permanently tacky paint. Most important, therefore, is the discovery that expensive high gloss acrylic resins may now be combined with lower gloss, softer acrylic resins to achieve a stable paint emulsion without sacrificing a high gloss.
The amount of plasticizer used in the composition of the invention is governed in part by the final properties desired in the end product. The addition, excessive amounts of plasticizer will result in an undesirably extended drying time and can even result in a permanently tacky paint film similar to that of paints which use only a high glass transition temperature resin. An insufficient amount of plasticizer, on the other hand, can lead to inflexible paint films which crack easily. Generally, a proper balance of properties is achieved by the use of from about 1.5 to about 8% of a plasticizer, though the best results are achieved with the plasticizer used in amounts from about 3 to about 4%. Typical commercially available plasticizers which work well in the composition of the invention include Santicizer~
160, a butyl benzyl phthalate which is marketed by Monsanto Company, dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and dicotyl adipate (DOA).
To achieve good coloring of the paint and promote compatibility with the remaining paint components, the ' zr~7~s.~6 pigment is utilized in the form of an a~ueous dispersion, inasmuch as pigments are by definition insoluble materials.
Pigment dispersions are commercially available which are combinations of a pigment, an aqueous based carrier, and a surfactant or dispersant system. Commercially available pigment dispersions may also contain pigment extenders. A
pigment dispersion may also be prepared specifically for use in the paint of the invention. From the standpoint of convenience, a commercial pigment dispersion may be preferred for use in the present invention.
Typical commercial dispersions contain about 30 to 74% by weight active pigment ingredients. Suitable pigment dispersions commercially available include Blue BFD 1121 and PM Green GFD-1151 sold by Sun Chemical under the Flexiverse mark as well as Yellow FGL and Colanyl Green GG-30 sold by Hoechst Celan~se Corporation. Any pigment dispersion which is compatible with the overall composition may be suitable for use.
In general, a workable pigment dispersion may have a larger or smaller particle size depending upon the use to which the paint will be put. The lower limit on pigment particle size is determined not only by any functional characteristic of the paint, but also by the ability to form a stable dispersion.
The particle size most suitable may be adjusted depending upon the exact surface to be covered by the paint.
For example, one preferred form of the paint of the invention may be utilized on textiles uses a pigment dispersion comprising pigment particles having a mean particle size of from about 0.1 to about 3.0 microns. A
still more preferred pigment dispersion for such use comprises pigment particles having a mean particle size of about 0.3 microns.
The minimum concentration of pigment which will 2~ ~'99~6 produce a workable paint is governed by the opacity and color intensity desired, though as little as about 1.5% by weight active pigment may be sufficient for certain applications. The maximum workable concentration of pigment is determined largely by the ability to maintain a stable composition, and can vary widely depending upon the concentration of the other components.
The amount of pigment dispersion used is also a function of the characteristics of the desired end product, though a practical upper limit in the formulation of a paint, is about 40% by weight since higher concentrations may cause paint instability and undesirable high viscosity.
~ When a commercial pigment dispersion is utilized in the formulation of the paint of the invention, a practical upper limit on pigment concentration is imposed by the concentration of pigment in the dispersion, which, as previously noted, is typically in the range of about 30% to 74% pigment by weight of the dispersion. The preferred concentration range for most applications is from about 3%
to about 40~ of a pigment dispersion by weight of the paint composition or 1.5% to about 30% active pigment by weight of the composition. Typical paints using strong pigments such as those imparting the black color generally require lower pigment concentrations. Typical paints using colors having less intensity generally require a concentration of about 5%
by weight of dispersion to ensure good opacity and color intensity.
When custom made pigment dispersions are prepared, surfactants may be added to compositions of the invention to promote dispersion stability. A surfactant such as Triton~
X-405 (a mixture of 70% octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol and 30% water), works well in compositions of the invention when used in amounts of 0.1 to about 1% by weight.
Thickeners are included in the composition to 2~799~, maintain proper emulsion and suspension properties, to maintain adequate shelf life of the final paint product, and to provide proper application properties including resistance to sag. A thickener generally tends to create or increase naturally present non-Newtonian viscosity in the paint emulsion and may be either metallic or organic in origin. Use of a thickener or combination of thickeners also promotes proper levelling of the paint upon application to a surface, ensuring that such imperfections as brush strokes are not visible in the dried paint film.
Most often used in the case of an acrylic emulsion paint is an associative thickener, which forms loose networks or matrices by attaching to each other and to the binder particles without dramatically increasing the viscosity of the water diluent. Suitable thickeners include Acrysol~ TT 935, Acrysol~ TT-615 (an alkali swellable acrylic thickener), and Acrysol~ RM 1020 ~a polyurethane thickener), all marketed by Rohm & Haas.
The amount of thickener used depends upon the amounts of binder and other components used in the composition, although in one composition of the invention, about 4 to about 6% by weight thickener is used.
A volatile pH regulant is included in the composition to maintain an alkaline pH between from about 8.0 to about 10Ø Preferably, a volatile pH regulant is included to maintain the pH between from about 8.6 to about 9.1. At that pH, the functioning of the thickener component is optimized. Any material which is compatible with the other components of the system and which performs this function may be used as a pH regulant. However, the volatility of the pH regulant affects the time required for the binder film to coalesce and for the paint to dry. The use of a pH regulant which does not have sufficient volatility can produce a paint which dries too slowly so 2~?, 99~

that the formation of a continuous binder film i9 inhibited.
Thus, a volatile pH regulant is preferred for achieving the objects of the invention. Among the regulants suitable for this composition are ammonium hydroxide and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, of which 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is preferred, due to its compatibility with the remaining components of the composition.
Additional components may optionally be added to the paint depending upon the specific use intended for the paint. Coalescing agents may be used to improve the formation of a continuous film of the paint binder. As evaporation occurs following the dispensing of a solvent/binder paint, the binder polymer molecules become more closely packed and ultimately pack sufficiently to form a uniform and continuous film. When a diluent based emulsion paint such as that of the subject invention is used, evaporation of the diluent causes the emulsified binder droplets to come in increasingly closer contact. As the droplets begin to touch, a discontinuous film of polymer, containing some liquid in voids begins to form.
For the polymer particles to merge and the film to become completely continuous and embody the particles of pigment, the polymer molecules must have a certain freedom of movement.
The freedom of movement necessary to allow the previously emulsified binder droplets to merge into a continuous film is present when the paint is allowed to dry at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the binder. A binder absorbs the coalescing agent which then acts to reduce the glass transition temperature of the binder. This absorption results in a softening of the polymer and facilitates the merger of the binder droplets into a continuous film. Coalescing agents are generally high boiling solvents, such as ethers of propylene glycol.

2~799~

Commercially available coalescing agents include an ester-alcohol marketed by Eastman Chemical Products, Inc.
under the trademark TEXANOL~ and DALPAD~ A marketed by Dow Chemical Company Ltd. in the United Kingdom. Of these, TEXANOL is the preferred coalescing agent in compositions of the invention and has been found to work well when used in an amount of about 1% to about 5% by weight with 3% being most preferred.
A paint of the invention may also optionally include an additional alkali soluble binder resin such as one marketed under the name WS-24 by Rohm & Haas. Such a binder may be added in amounts of from about 1% to 5% by weight with 2% being an optimal proportion.
Paints to be used to cover rough or nonporous surfaces may also employ an adhesion promoter to enhance physical attachment of the paint to the material to be marked. Ordinarily, the adhesion promoter is effective when present in small amounts of from about 0.1% up to about 5.0%
by weight, though this range is by no means critical. Use of greater than about 5% by weight of an adhesion promoter may cause the paint to become unstable and cause flocculation of the pigment.
Materials which will serve the function of adhesion promoters are commercially available, and among them are the materials sold under the trademark Trionic~ by Petrolite and Silane~ marketed by Union Carbide Corporation.
Trionic 600 (a dispersion of clay-treated microcrystalline wax, ethoxylated alcohol C>30, oxidized ethene homopolymer, and ethene homopolymer in water) and Silane A-187 (a gamma Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane), have been found especially suitable for use in compositions of the invention. Silane A-187 has been found to work particularly well in compositions of the invention when used in amounts of about 0.3% by weight.

z(~799~26 To maintain the shelf life of the composition, one or more preservatives may be added. Preservatives preferably serve as both a bactericide and a fungicide, and are added in any effective amount, though a typical concentration range is from about 0.1% up to about 5.0% by weight. The use of preservatives in levels greater than about 5% by weight may cause the paint to become toxic or unstable and may, in any event, be unnecessary. Should alcohol be added to the composition as a drying agent, that alcohol will function as a preservative to some extent also.
Any conventional preservative may be utilized in the invention as long as there is compatibility with the remaining paint components. For example, two preservatives manufactured by Troy Chemical and sold under the names Troysan~ 174, (2t(hydroxymethyl) amino] ethanol)~ and Troysan Polyphase~ AF-l a mixture of C8H12IN02, xylene, cumene, trimethyl benzenes, dipropylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide), work well in compositions of the invention.
To protect compositions of the invention from exposure to very low temperatures, a freeze/thaw protector may be used. One preferred freeze/thaw protector is propylene glycol, which is effective when used in compositions of the invention in amounts from about 1% to about 10% by weight, with the most preferred range being from about 1.5% to about 6.5% by weight.
To ease the manufacture of the composition of the invention, a defoamer may optionally be used. Two workable defoamers are Surfynol~ DF-34 (a chemical mixture in the diols chemical family), manufactured by Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. and Nalco 2305 Antifoam, (a mixture of polyglycol, polysiloxane, polyglycol esters, a paraffinic solvent and water), manufactured by Nalco Chemical Company.
These defoamers are found to work well in compositions of the invention when used in amounts of about 0.5 to about 1%.

Z~? ~'99'2'~

EXAMPLES
The following are formulated as examples of the composition of the invention. The order of addition is not critical to the formulation of a workable composition.
5Ex~mple 1 Example 2 White Paint Yellow Paint Component lbs wt % lbs wt %
Water 3.6 0.7 61.7 14.0 R&H AC-234 113.122.3 98.3 22.3 10 R&H E-1630 174.934.5152.1 34.5 Acrysol TT 935 - - 3.1 0.7 R&H RM 1020 12.7 2.5 13.2 3.0 WS-24 10.1 2.0 8.8 2.0 Pigment Dispersions Hoechst Yellow FGL - - 44.1 10.0 White Dispersion149.129.4 6.6 1.5 Triton X-405 3.8 0.8 AMP (95%) - - 0.7 0.2 Santicizer 160 17.7 3.5 15.4 3.5 20 Texanol 15.2 3.0 13.2 3.0 A-187 - Silane 1.5 0.3 1.3 0.3 Propylene Glycol - - 17.6 4.0 Surfynol DF-34 3.5 0.7 3.1 0.7 Polyphase AFl 0.8 0.1 0.7 0.1 25 Troysan 174 1.0 0.2 0.9 0.2 ~ ~'99'~6 Example 3 Example 4 Green Paint Blue Paint Component lbswt % lbs wt %
Water 51.711.4 62.7 14.1 R&H AC-234 100.722.3 99.2 22.3 R&H E-1630 155.834.5153.5 34.5 Acrysol TT 935 2.3 0.5 4.0 0.9 R&H RM 1020 13.6 3.0 13.4 3.0 WS-24 9.0 2.0 8.9 2.0 Pigment Dispersion Hoechst Colanyl Green 25.5 5.6 Hoechst Solution FGL23.9 5.3 - -White Concentrate 15.8 3.5 Sunsperse BHD-6000 - - 34.3 7.7 White Dispersion - - 6.7 1.5 Triton X-405 AMP (95%) 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.2 Santicizer 160 15.8 3.5 15.6 3.5 Texanol 13.5 3.0 13.4 3.0 20 A-187 - Silane 1.4 0.3 1.3 0.3 Propylene Glycol17.3 3.8 26.7 6.0 Surfynol DF-34 3.2 0.7 3.1 0.7 Polyphase AF1 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.1 Troysan 174 0.9 0.2 0.9 0.2 Example 5 Example 6 Red Paint Black Paint Component lbswt % lbs wt %
Water 17.7 4.0 83.9 19.3 30 R&H AC-234 98.622.3 96.9 22.3 R&H E-1630 152.534.5149.9 34.5 Acrysol TT 935 2.2 0.5 3.0 0.7 R&H RM 1020 13.2 3.0 13.0 3.0 WS-24 13.3 2.0 8.7 2.0 Pigment Dispersion Daniels WD-267388.420.0 Hoechst Flexonyl Black A-CB - - 19.6 4.5 Triton X-405 6.6 1.5 40 AMP (95%~ 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.2 Santicizer 160 15.5 3.5 15.2 3.5 Texanol 13.3 3.0 13.0 3.0 A-187 - Silane 1.3 0.3 1.3 0.3 Propylene Glycol18.6 4.2 24.8 5.7 45 Surfynol DF-34 3.1 0.7 3.0 0.7 Polyphase AF1 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.1 Troysan 174 0.9 0.2 O.g 0.2 X(~799~6 The paint of Examples 1-6 had acceptable working properties. Initial and longer term gloss readings were taken of compositions of the invention using a gloss meter set at a 60 angle. The following gloss readings have been measured for compositions of the invention:
Gloss Reading After Approx.
Composition Initial 40 days Example 1 73 78 Example 2 82 83 Example 3 79 79 Example 4 90 87 Example 5 72 72 Example 6 85 89 In all but one case, the longer term gloss readings equalled or exceeded the initial gloss readings.
A primary objective of the present invention was to achieve a high gloss paint with excellent flexibility properties. In evaluating flexibility of paints prepared according to the invention, the following examples were prepared:
Example 7 Example 8 Example 9 Component wt % wt % wt %
Water 11.7 24.1 9.7 R&H AC-234 16.7 16.7 16.7 R&H E-1630 40.3 40.3 40.3 Acrysol TT 935 0.9 1.0 0.9 R&H RM 1020 3.0 3.0 3.0 WS-24 2.0 - 4.0 Pigment Dispersions Hoechst Aquanyl P. Red 15.0 - 15.0 Flexonyl Black A-CB - 4.5 AMP (95%) 0.3 0.3 0.3 Santicizer 160 3.5 3.5 3.5 Isopropanol 3.0 3.0 3.0 A-187 - Silane 0.3 0.3 0.3 Propylene Glycol 3~0 3.0 3.0 Polyphase AFl 0.2 0.2 0.2 Troysan 174 0.2 0.2 0.2 - 21 - z~799~6 The paints of Examples 7-9 were brushed out on canvas in both a thick layer and a thin layer. The canvas was placed in a 140 F oven overnight to completely dry the film. The canvas was removed from the oven and allowed to cool to approximately room temperature. A severe flexibility test was then applied by folding the canvas through 180 and creasing the fold by hand across the paint film. The extent of cracking was then estimated by eye and recorded. A rating system of 1 to 5 was used with 1 being the worst rating and 5 being the best rating. The following results were observed from Examples 7-9.
Flexibility Rating Example 7 4 Example 8 4 Example 9 5 From the foregoing description and examples, it is apparent that the objects of the present invention have been achieved. The aqueous paint provides a high gloss paint which is nontoxic and exhibits good flexibility.
While only certain embodiments have been set forth, alternative embodiments and various modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. These and other alternatives are considered equivalents and within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (21)

1. An aqueous composition comprising:
(a) from about 3% to about 40% by weight of a pigment dispersion;
(b) from about 30% to about 50% by weight of a non-ionic aqueous acrylic emulsion having a glass transition temperature of at least about 25° C, (c) from about 15% to about 30% by weight of a non-ionic aqueous acrylic emulsion having a glass transition temperature no greater than about 10° C, (d) from about 1.5 to about 8% by weight of a plasticizer, (e) a thickener, and (f) a volatile pH regulant, said composition having a pH of from about 8.0 to about 10Ø
2. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said pigment dispersion comprises pigment particles having a mean particle size of from about 0.1 to about 3.0 microns.
3. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said pigment dispersion has a mean particle size of about 0.3 microns.
4. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said pH regulant is ammonium hydroxide or 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.
5. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said thickener is an associative thickener.
6. A composition according to claim 5, wherein said associative thickener is a polyurethane block copolymer or an alkali swellable acrylic polymer.
7. A composition according to claim 5, wherein said thickener is an alkali soluble acrylic polymer.
8. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said thickener is present in an amount sufficient to achieve a viscosity of about 1500 to about 2500 centipoise.
9. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said plasticizer is present in an amount of from about 3 to about 4%.
10. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said plasticizer is a butyl benzyl phthalate.
11. A composition according to claim 1, further comprising a coalescing agent.
12. A composition according to claim 11, wherein said coalescing agent is present in an amount of from about 1% to about 5% by weight.
13. A composition according to claim 1, further comprising an adhesion promoter.
14. A composition according to claim 13, wherein said adhesion promoter is present in amount of from about 0.1% to about 5.0% by weight.
15. A composition according to claim 1, further comprising a preservative.
16. A composition according to claim 15, wherein said preservative is present in an amount of from about 0.1%
to about 5.0% by weight.
17. A composition according to claim 1, further comprising a freeze/thaw additive.
18. A composition according to claim 1, further comprising a surfactant.
19. A composition according to claim 1, further comprising a defoamer.
20. A composition according to claim 1, further comprising an alkali soluble binder resin in an amount of from about 1% to about 5%.
21. A composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition has a pH of from about 8.6 to about 9.1.
CA 2079926 1991-10-30 1992-10-06 Gloss acrylic paint Abandoned CA2079926A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US78469891A 1991-10-30 1991-10-30
US07/784,698 1991-10-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2079926A1 true CA2079926A1 (en) 1993-05-01

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA 2079926 Abandoned CA2079926A1 (en) 1991-10-30 1992-10-06 Gloss acrylic paint

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5612397A (en) * 1994-12-19 1997-03-18 Rohm And Haas Company Composition having wet state clarity
EP0911375A1 (en) * 1996-04-23 1999-04-28 Rinrei Wax Co., Ltd. Aqueous dispersion of a peelable coating composition
WO2014111292A1 (en) * 2013-01-18 2014-07-24 Basf Se Acrylic dispersion-based coating compositions
CN108192438A (en) * 2017-12-21 2018-06-22 雅图高新材料有限公司 A kind of aqueous auxiliary material of application property for improving water-based metal, opalescent lacquers and preparation method thereof

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5612397A (en) * 1994-12-19 1997-03-18 Rohm And Haas Company Composition having wet state clarity
EP0911375A1 (en) * 1996-04-23 1999-04-28 Rinrei Wax Co., Ltd. Aqueous dispersion of a peelable coating composition
US6211282B1 (en) 1996-04-23 2001-04-03 Rinrei Wax Co., Ltd. Aqueous dispersion of a peelable coating composition
WO2014111292A1 (en) * 2013-01-18 2014-07-24 Basf Se Acrylic dispersion-based coating compositions
US10053597B2 (en) 2013-01-18 2018-08-21 Basf Se Acrylic dispersion-based coating compositions
CN108192438A (en) * 2017-12-21 2018-06-22 雅图高新材料有限公司 A kind of aqueous auxiliary material of application property for improving water-based metal, opalescent lacquers and preparation method thereof
CN108192438B (en) * 2017-12-21 2019-12-10 雅图高新材料有限公司 Water-based auxiliary material capable of improving workability of water-based metal and pearlescent paint and preparation method thereof

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