WO2009082665A1 - A flow control method and apparatus - Google Patents
A flow control method and apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009082665A1 WO2009082665A1 PCT/US2008/087376 US2008087376W WO2009082665A1 WO 2009082665 A1 WO2009082665 A1 WO 2009082665A1 US 2008087376 W US2008087376 W US 2008087376W WO 2009082665 A1 WO2009082665 A1 WO 2009082665A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- blade
- angle
- flow
- array
- transverse array
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
- F15D1/02—Influencing flow of fluids in pipes or conduits
- F15D1/04—Arrangements of guide vanes in pipe elbows or duct bends; Construction of pipe conduit elements or elbows with respect to flow, specially for reducing losses in flow
Definitions
- An apparatus for redirecting fluid flow in a plenum provides flow performance (quality), structural, and economic advantages by using an array of flat blades that is mounted at an angle with respect to the inlet (upstream) fluid flow, such that the blades are titled with respect to that flow and correspondingly redirect the flow in a desired direction.
- the apparatus also referred to as a "GSG” or “graduated straightening grid,” has a range of applications, and offers a number of performance, structural, and economic advantages in large-scale applications.
- SCRs selective catalytic reactors
- an apparatus for redirecting fluid flow in a plenum from a first flow direction to a second flow direction comprises a transverse array of flat blades positioned at an angle oblique to the first flow direction to redirect the fluid flow from the first flow direction to the second flow direction.
- transverse denotes that the blades are lengthwise transverse to the direction of the flow being redirected.
- the oblique angle thus presents an inclined, graduated surface to the inlet/upstream flow, such that the windward face of each blade in the array redirects a portion of the flow in the desired direction.
- a method of designing a transverse array of flat blades for use in redirecting fluid flow in a plenum from a first flow direction to a second flow direction comprises defining a transverse blade length as a function of an interior cross section at a position within the plenum where the transverse array is to be mounted, and adjusting at least one of a blade height, blade spacing, and blade angle as needed to achieve a desired flow quality for the fluid flow.
- the method may include adjusting the blade angle by adjusting a planned mounting angle of the transverse array within the plenum.
- adjusting at least one of a blade height, blade spacing, and blade angle as needed to achieve a desired flow quality for the fluid flow comprises simulating fluid flow in a simulation model of the transverse array, assessing a modeled flow quality against one or more quality requirements, and adjusting one or more of a modeled blade height, modeled blade spacing, and modeled blade angle until the modeled flow quality meets the one or more flow quality requirements.
- processing may be automated partially or wholly, such as by configuring a simulation model with design requirements and designating preferred design tradeoffs (such as blade height-to-spacing adjustment ranges), and configuring the simulation to tune the array design against flow quality requirements.
- the design requirements may include structural details, including dimensions, allowable array weights, structural fastening/support details, stiffness, etc.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified side view of one embodiment of a transverse array for flow redirection, shown within a plenum.
- Fig. 2 is a simplified side view of blade details for one or more embodiments of the array shown in Fig. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a simplified perspective view of one embodiment of a transverse array, particularly illustrating the flat blades used for flow redirection.
- Fig. 4 is a simplified plan view of one embodiment of a transverse array.
- Figs. 5 and 6 are logic flow diagrams illustrating processing logic such as may be implemented on a computer system, for one or more embodiments of a method of designing a transverse array for flow redirecting.
- Figs. 7-9 are installation illustrations, showing various embodiments of transverse arrays as installed in plenums for selective catalytic reactors (SCRs).
- SCRs selective catalytic reactors
- Fig. 1 illustrates a transverse array 10, which is also referred to as a "graduated straightening grid” or simply as “array 10." From the illustration, one sees that the array 10 comprises a plurality of spaced-apart flat blades 12. The array 10 is configured for fixed mounting within a plenum 14, for redirecting a fluid flow from a first flow direction to a second flow direction. In particular, it should be appreciated that the illustrated, novel arrangement for redirecting the fluid flow provides high downstream flow quality in the second flow direction, without need for supplemental straightening vanes downstream of the array 10.
- the illustration depicts a side view of the array 10 and it will be appreciated that the viewer sees an "end view" of the blades 12, and that the blades 12 are lengthwise oriented transverse to the first flow direction. Further, as shown in the illustration, one example installation of the array 10 is at a corner position or junction of the plenum 14, where a first plenum section 16 is oriented in the first flow direction and a second plenum section 18 is oriented in the second flow direction. Thus, the array 10 in this example is configured for redirecting the fluid flow at the corner junction between first and second plenum sections 16 and 18.
- an exemplary oblique angle for mounting the array 10 with respect to the first flow direction is the "corner angle" of the corner junction between plenum sections 16 and 18.
- the upstream blade edges of the blades 12 define a plane and, in at least some design applications, it is preferred to align that plane along the corner diagonal line 20 running from the inside plenum corner 22 to the outside plenum corner 24.
- the array 10 can be raised or lowered relative to the corner centerline as a "tuning" parameter for achieving desired flow quality, mounting convenience, etc.
- the angle of the array 10 relative to the first flow direction may be increased or decreased as a performance tuning parameter, and the oblique angle thus does not necessarily track inside-to-outside corner angles. Still further, it should be understood that the array 10 may be configured for directional changes other than 90 degrees, e.g., corners at less than 90 degrees, and the mounting angles and corner positioning can be varied as needed for flow quality and mechanical considerations. [0016] Turning to Fig. 2, one sees a magnified side view of a few blades 12 comprising a given embodiment of the array 10.
- each blade 12 can be identified as a windward face 30 that faces looking into the fluid flowing in the first flow direction and an opposite, leeward face 32.
- each blade 12 is considered to have an upstream (transverse) edge 34 associated with the inlet/upstream first flow direction and a downstream (transverse edge) 36 associated with the outlet/downstream second flow direction.
- upstream and downstream blade edges 34 and 36 may or may not be machined or formed into an aerodynamic profile. Indeed, unfinished square edges such as those associated with plate steel generally provide acceptable performance. However, some installations having higher flow rates, thicker blades, etc., may benefit from shaped blade edges.
- one or more embodiments of the array 10 are based a blade height "h" as measured from the upstream blade edge 34 to the downstream blade edge 36 being in a range from about six inches to about eighteen inches, and a blade spacing "c" between adjacent blades 12 in the array 10 being in a range from about three inches to about twenty-four inches.
- the oblique angle— mounting angle of the array 10 relative to the first flow direction — may be selected to place the blades 12 in the array 10 at a blade angle ⁇ in a range from about minus twenty-five degrees to about plus twenty-five degrees.
- a preferred blade height "h” is at or about twelve inches
- a preferred blade spacing "c” is at or about six inches
- a preferred blade angle ⁇ is at or about nineteen degrees.
- the preferred blade angle is at or about nineteen degrees off of the vertical. More broadly, the oblique angle of the array 10 is selected to position each blade 12 in the array 10 at a blade angle ⁇ of between -25 degrees to +25 degrees (inclusive) with respect to the second flow direction, wherein the blade angle ⁇ is, as explained, measured relative to the second flow direction using a line connecting the upstream and downstream blade edges 34 and 36.
- the blade height as measured from the upstream blade edge 34 to the downstream blade edge 36 is configured to be about two times the blade spacing as measured between adjacent blades 12 the array 10.
- h 2c .
- the 2x ratio is preferred, but it should be understood that the height- to-spacing ratio is a candidate tuning parameter and may be manipulated as part of the array design process. For example, weight and/or cost restrictions may call for a reduced blade count, meaning that blade spacing increases for given array dimensions. In such cases, for example, the overall array mounting angle can be changed and/or the blade height can be changed to compensate for the reduced blade count.
- FIG. 3 one sees a simplified perspective view of the blades 12 in a given array 10, emphasizing the lengthwise transverse orientation of the blades 12, and further illustrating the deflection by the windward blade faces 30 of the flowing fluid from the first flow direction to the second flow direction. While the leeward face 32 is not visible in Fig. 3, one or more embodiments contemplated herein include a structural stiffener integrated or otherwise mounted on the leeward faces 32 of the blade 12. (Such structural stiffening is shown later herein, for a large scale SCR application.)
- plenum is to be given broad construction herein.
- the definition contemplated herein encompasses but is not limited to a fluid-filled space in a structure (e.g., gas, air, etc.), and particularly a conduit or other passage carrying a flowing fluid.
- the term does not necessarily connote a continuous conduit.
- a first closed structure e.g., conduit
- a second closed structure e.g., the space above an SCR stack
- FIG. 4 depicts a plan view of a given array 10, illustrating not only the transverse orientation of the blades 12, but also showing a perimeter frame 40, which serves as a carrier for the blades 12 and which may be used to fix the array 10 within the plenum 14.
- the array 10 includes at least a partial perimeter frame 40 for structurally fixing the array 10 within the plenum 14.
- the array 10 may comprise two or more sub-arrays.
- a number of smaller arrays 10 may be used to form a larger array spanning the required interior space. Doing so may provide, for example, greater structural integrity, as well as limiting individual blade lengths to more practical values.
- the blades 12 are uniformly spaced within the array 10 in one or more embodiments. However, in one or more other embodiments, the blades 12 are non-uniformly spaced within the array 10. In still other embodiments, a portion of the blades 12 may be uniformly spaced and another portion may be non-uniformly spaced. Such variations may be adopted to allow for structural mounts, to accommodate obstructions, etc.
- design parameters can be set and adjusted as needed for a given installation.
- one aspect of the teachings herein comprises a design methodology whereby computer simulation (and/or experimental scale modeling) and parameter adjustment yield an array 10 that is configured given particular installation requirements.
- Such simulation may be based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and/or experimental scale modeling, and may be implemented in whole or in part on a computer system, e.g., a PC, having a computer readable medium embodying program instructions for carrying out the array tuning method within a flow simulation environment.
- CFD computational fluid dynamics
- Fig. 5 illustrates one embodiment of such a method, wherein processing "begins” with inputting design requirements (Block 100).
- Such requirements may be desired flow quality in the second direction, which may be expressed in terms of laminar quality, turbulence values, etc.
- Such requirements generally will include basic plenum dimensions, flow volumes, velocities, etc.
- a method of designing the array 10 includes defining a transverse blade length "L" as a function of an interior cross section at a position within the plenum 14 where the array 10 is to be mounted (Block 102). Processing continues with adjusting at least one of a blade height, blade spacing, and blade angle as needed to achieve a desired flow quality for the fluid flow (Block 104).
- Such processing may be iterative and may use or be driven by scripts or other programmatic controls that step through a range of design parameter choices for any one or more array tuning parameters (e.g., blade height, spacing, angle, overall blade count, etc.), until the design requirements are met. Again, such processing may be carried out via computer simulation in a flow modeling simulation environment or in experimental scale modeling.
- Fig. 6 illustrates one embodiment of iterative array tuning. Such processing may represent details for Block 104 of Fig. 5.
- the array design may be initialized using default or nominal array parameters, such as default blade height, spacing, and angle (Block 110). Processing continues with adjusting any one or more parameters based on known overrides, such as a mandated blade spacing (Block 112). Processing continues with running/evaluating the corresponding simulation model (Block 114).
- Evaluation comprises, for example, comparing the simulated flow qualities against design requirements. If design criteria are met (within some acceptable range of variations) (Block 116), processing "ends.” If design criteria are not met, and if an iteration limit or other processing constraint is not exceeded (Block 118), processing continues with tuning one or more array parameters and re-running/re-evaluating the re-tuned simulation model (Block 120). Such iterative tuning continues as needed or until an iteration constraint is exceeded. [0030] In one or more embodiments, tuning the array 10 includes adjusting the blade angle by adjusting a planned mounting angle of the array 10 within the plenum 14.
- Tuning alternatively or additionally includes adjusting at least one of a blade height, blade spacing, and blade angle as needed to achieve a desired flow quality for the fluid flow.
- tuning may comprise simulating fluid flow in a simulation model of the array 10, assessing a modeled flow quality against one or more quality requirements, and adjusting one or more of a modeled blade height, modeled blade spacing, and modeled blade angle until the modeled flow quality meets the one or more flow quality requirements.
- adjusting at least one of a blade height, blade spacing, and blade angle as needed to achieve a desired flow quality for the fluid flow may include initializing a transverse array design using a default blade height, a default blade spacing, and a default blade angle, and then adjusting one or more of those default values.
- Such defaults may be based on setting the default blade height and the default blade spacing according to a blade height to blade spacing ratio of about two-to-one. Further, the tuning ranges of one or more tuning variables may be constrained to lie in the earlier mentioned ranges for blade height, spacing, and angle.
- Figs. 7, 8, and 9 illustrate application examples where the array 10 is configured for various SCR applications.
- Fig. 7 highlights leeward side structural stiffeners on the blades 12, and illustrates mechanical mounting features.
- the plenum 14 in these illustrations comprises an upstream element of a selective catalytic reactor (SCR) 50, and the array 10 is configured for redirecting a gas flow into the SCR
- SCR selective catalytic reactor
- the array 10 is not limited to these illustrated examples. More generally, it should be understood that the foregoing description and the accompanying drawings represent non-limiting examples of the methods, systems, and individual apparatuses taught herein. As such, the present invention is not limited by the foregoing description and accompanying drawings. Instead, the present invention is limited only by the following claims and their legal equivalents.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2709533A CA2709533C (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2008-12-18 | A flow control method and apparatus |
CN200880122204.5A CN101918145B (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2008-12-18 | Method of flow control and equipment |
EP08864915A EP2234729A4 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2008-12-18 | A flow control method and apparatus |
AU2008340320A AU2008340320B2 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2008-12-18 | A flow control method and apparatus |
BRPI0820814-0A BRPI0820814A2 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2008-12-18 | Flow Control Method and Apparatus |
KR1020107015880A KR101292704B1 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2008-12-18 | A flow control method and apparatus |
HK11105602.6A HK1151496A1 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2011-06-03 | A flow control method and apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US1588407P | 2007-12-21 | 2007-12-21 | |
US61/015,884 | 2007-12-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009082665A1 true WO2009082665A1 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
Family
ID=40801552
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2008/087376 WO2009082665A1 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2008-12-18 | A flow control method and apparatus |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2234729A4 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101292704B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101918145B (en) |
AR (1) | AR069874A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2008340320B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0820814A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2709533C (en) |
CL (1) | CL2008003826A1 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1151496A1 (en) |
MY (1) | MY154069A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2457040C2 (en) |
SG (1) | SG186600A1 (en) |
TW (1) | TWI443263B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009082665A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2666535A1 (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2013-11-27 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Flow control grid |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105841174A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-08-10 | 艾尼科环保技术(安徽)有限公司 | Fixing device for non-metallic deflector of flue gas purification system |
US9789497B1 (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2017-10-17 | Nordson Corporation | Systems and methods for applying a liquid coating to a substrate |
KR101747779B1 (en) | 2016-08-16 | 2017-06-15 | 포항공과대학교 산학협력단 | Design Method for Flow Control Panel, and Flow Control Panel Manufactured Thereby |
CN111841275A (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2020-10-30 | 玖龙纸业(东莞)有限公司 | Ultra-clean discharge method suitable for boiler |
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2008
- 2008-12-18 AU AU2008340320A patent/AU2008340320B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-12-18 CA CA2709533A patent/CA2709533C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-12-18 KR KR1020107015880A patent/KR101292704B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-12-18 SG SG2012087318A patent/SG186600A1/en unknown
- 2008-12-18 BR BRPI0820814-0A patent/BRPI0820814A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-12-18 EP EP08864915A patent/EP2234729A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-12-18 RU RU2010121527/05A patent/RU2457040C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-12-18 WO PCT/US2008/087376 patent/WO2009082665A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-12-18 MY MYPI2010002490A patent/MY154069A/en unknown
- 2008-12-18 CN CN200880122204.5A patent/CN101918145B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-12-19 TW TW097149948A patent/TWI443263B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-12-19 CL CL2008003826A patent/CL2008003826A1/en unknown
- 2008-12-19 AR ARP080105622A patent/AR069874A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2011
- 2011-06-03 HK HK11105602.6A patent/HK1151496A1/en unknown
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US1995596A (en) | 1934-07-17 | 1935-03-26 | David H Adamson | Book-binding |
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US2911011A (en) * | 1958-02-20 | 1959-11-03 | William M Niehart | Humidifying apparatus |
US5043146A (en) | 1987-11-12 | 1991-08-27 | Babcock-Hitachi Kabushiki Kaisha | Denitration reactor |
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US5405106A (en) | 1992-07-20 | 1995-04-11 | The Boeing Company | Apparatus for providing increased fluid flow turning vane efficiency |
DE4344535A1 (en) | 1993-12-24 | 1995-06-29 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Gas-phase catalytic reaction device |
US5861585A (en) | 1997-09-30 | 1999-01-19 | Aiolos Engineering Corporation | Aeracoustic wind tunnel turning vanes |
US6257155B1 (en) * | 2000-10-16 | 2001-07-10 | Alstom Power N.V. | Curved blade by-pass damper with flow control |
US6644355B1 (en) | 2002-12-19 | 2003-11-11 | Daimlerchrysler Corporation | Diffusing corner for fluid flow |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP2666535A1 (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2013-11-27 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Flow control grid |
JP2013240784A (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2013-12-05 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Flow control grid |
US9409124B2 (en) | 2012-05-22 | 2016-08-09 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Flow control grid |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2010121527A (en) | 2012-01-27 |
CA2709533A1 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
KR101292704B1 (en) | 2013-08-02 |
EP2234729A1 (en) | 2010-10-06 |
AR069874A1 (en) | 2010-02-24 |
SG186600A1 (en) | 2013-01-30 |
EP2234729A4 (en) | 2013-03-13 |
CN101918145A (en) | 2010-12-15 |
CL2008003826A1 (en) | 2009-10-23 |
TWI443263B (en) | 2014-07-01 |
BRPI0820814A2 (en) | 2015-06-16 |
AU2008340320B2 (en) | 2012-05-31 |
MY154069A (en) | 2015-04-30 |
RU2457040C2 (en) | 2012-07-27 |
CA2709533C (en) | 2013-07-23 |
AU2008340320A1 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
TW200946785A (en) | 2009-11-16 |
KR20100105696A (en) | 2010-09-29 |
HK1151496A1 (en) | 2012-02-03 |
CN101918145B (en) | 2015-09-23 |
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