WO2008127881A1 - Combined sbi and conventional image processor - Google Patents

Combined sbi and conventional image processor Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2008127881A1
WO2008127881A1 PCT/US2008/059235 US2008059235W WO2008127881A1 WO 2008127881 A1 WO2008127881 A1 WO 2008127881A1 US 2008059235 W US2008059235 W US 2008059235W WO 2008127881 A1 WO2008127881 A1 WO 2008127881A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sbi
fpa
video
pixel
oriented
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2008/059235
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Robert J. Dunki-Jacobs
Original Assignee
Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc filed Critical Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc
Publication of WO2008127881A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008127881A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N3/00Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages
    • H04N3/10Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical
    • H04N3/30Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical otherwise than with constant velocity or otherwise than in pattern formed by unidirectional, straight, substantially horizontal or vertical lines
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G5/00Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/50Constructional details
    • H04N23/555Constructional details for picking-up images in sites, inaccessible due to their dimensions or hazardous conditions, e.g. endoscopes or borescopes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/04Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
    • A61B1/042Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances characterised by a proximal camera, e.g. a CCD camera
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2340/00Aspects of display data processing
    • G09G2340/04Changes in size, position or resolution of an image
    • G09G2340/0407Resolution change, inclusive of the use of different resolutions for different screen areas
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2360/00Aspects of the architecture of display systems
    • G09G2360/02Graphics controller able to handle multiple formats, e.g. input or output formats
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2360/00Aspects of the architecture of display systems
    • G09G2360/18Use of a frame buffer in a display terminal, inclusive of the display panel
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2370/00Aspects of data communication
    • G09G2370/12Use of DVI or HDMI protocol in interfaces along the display data pipeline

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to systems, devices, and methods for rendering Scanned Bean Imager (SBI) and Focal Plane Array (FPA) image data into a common format for display on a high resolution monitor and storage on a common system.
  • SBI Scanned Bean Imager
  • FPA Focal Plane Array
  • Imaging devices can have different native resolutions and frame rates.
  • Focal Plane Array (FPA) devices typically use Charge Coupled Device (CCD) technology to capture an entire image, or frame, all at once.
  • CCD Charge Coupled Device
  • these CCD-type imagers capture 30 frames per second (fps).
  • the frame As the frame is rendered to a suitable video format for display on a monitor, the frame may be split into two interlaced (every other line) 60 fps frames that combined make up one full frame on the monitor. This interlacing tends to result in image degradation, but does have the advantage that common inexpensive equipment that supports interlaced video is ubiquitously available and interconnections between various pieces of equipment are relatively simple and straightforward.
  • the FPA may present a progressive scan video signal, whereby each frame is imaged line by line in its entirety resulting in better clarity video. Progressive scan FPA devices and monitors tend to be somewhat more expensive than interlaced devices.
  • Scanned Beam Imaging (SBI) devices use a different, higher resolution technology. Instead of acquiring the entire frame at once, the area to be imaged is rapidly scanned point-by-point by an incident beam of light, the reflected light being picked up by sensors and translated into a native data stream representing a series of points and values.
  • SBI technology is especially applicable to endoscopes because SBI devices have better image resolution and present higher quality images of small internal structures, use reduced power light sources, and can be put in very small package diameters for insertion into a human body.
  • An exemplary color SBI endoscope has a scanning element that uses dichroic mirrors to combine red, green, and blue laser light into a single beam of white light that is then deflected off a small mirror mounted on a scanning bi-axial MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) device.
  • the MEMS device scans a given area with the beam of white light in a pre-determined bi-sinusoidal or other comparable pattern and the reflected light is sampled for a large number of points by red, green, and blue sensors.
  • Each sampled data point is then put in a native SBI data format and transmitted to an image processing device.
  • MEMS-based scanners using bi-sinusoidal or other non-standard scanning patterns result in an ordering of the SBI data that would be incompatible for direct use with ordinary monitors.
  • the image may be scanned at frame rates that ordinary monitors are not capable of refreshing on their screens. To display on an ordinary monitor, the scanned image is therefore first reassembled from the SBI digital pixel image data into a full frame image. This reassembling process is sometimes referred to as rasterization, because a raster or frame is created from the raw data.
  • the image processing device uses the full frame image to render an appropriate video signal to be displayed on a video monitor at a suitable frame rate.
  • a native SBI image has potentially superior digital pixel density and dynamic range than an FPA image.
  • the SBI image should be displayed on a monitor suitable for directly displaying the SBI image from the SBI image data.
  • the SBI image data should be converted to a format suitable for display on a high resolution video monitor.
  • the apparatus allows multiple FPA and SBI imaging devices to use a common high resolution monitor and -A-
  • the method of the invention involves using the combined SBI and FPA image processor to render both FPA and SBI inputs from imaging devices to a common high resolution format for display on a high resolution monitor and archiving in a storage means.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art imaging system using a Focal Plane Array (FPA) imaging device, a television monitor, and a printer.
  • FPA Focal Plane Array
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the invention where both an FPA imaging device and a Scanned Beam Imaging (SBI) imaging device connect to the combined SBI and FPA image processor, and the image processor provides outputs to the high resolution monitor and the archive device.
  • SBI Scanned Beam Imaging
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the combined SBI and FPA image processor showing an FPA frame grabber, an FPA-to-SBI frame mapper, an input selector, an SBI frame rasterizing element, and a video output encoder.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an alternate embodiment of the combined SBI and FPA image processor, where the selected SBI digital pixel input is sent to the monitor and archive device without rasterizing the frame.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an alternate embodiment of the combined SBI and FPA image processor, where the image processor is programmable and can support various Cartesian frame -based inputs and outputs as well as digital pixel stream inputs and outputs.
  • Fig. 6 is an illustration used to facilitate understanding the conversion process from the two-dimensional Cartesian space format typical of FPA devices to the pixel stream format used by SBI devices.
  • FIG. 1 details the prior art imaging systems. Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are detailed in Figs. 2-5.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates the SBI to FPA conversion process.
  • an FPA imaging device 102 connects to an FPA video processor 103 that connects to a monitor 104 that connects to a storage means 106.
  • an FPA imaging device 102 In a typical prior art imaging system 100, like that found in a typical hospital operation room, an FPA imaging device 102, usually a CCD-type camera, provides a video signal and, optionally, exchanges control signals or commands with a matching FPA video processor 103 that creates a variety of standard video outputs to the monitor 104.
  • the video signal supplied to the monitor can be a composite signal, an S-Video signal, a Digital Video Interface (DVI) signal, an HDMI signal, or more commonly a component RGB signal, with each of the Red, Green, and Blue signals carried on individual cables and having separate physical connectors for attaching to the monitor 104.
  • the monitor 104 displays the image seen by the FPA imaging device 102 to the physician.
  • DVI Digital Video Interface
  • the storage means 106 also receives the video signal and allows the physician to record the images the physician is seeing. Typically, the storage means 106 receives the video signal directly from the FPA video processor 103.
  • the storage means 106 can be a printer, an analog VCR, a DVD recorder, or any other recording means as would be known in the art.
  • FIG. 2 Referring now to the schematic diagram of an embodiment of an imaging system using the combined SBI and FPA Image Processor System 200 depicted in Fig. 2.
  • An SBI imaging device 202 connects directly to the image processor 208 and an FPA imaging device 102 connects to the image processor 208 through an FPA video processor 103.
  • the image processor 208 connects to both the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 and the pixel-oriented archive device 206.
  • the SBI imaging device 202 delivers SBI digital sample data to the image processor 208, while the FPA imaging device 102 provides a traditional raster video signal through the FPA video processor 103 to the image processor 208.
  • the image processor 208 allows the physician to select which source to display on the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204.
  • the image processor 208 sends a separate output to the pixel-oriented archive device 206. The output to the pixel-oriented archive device 206 is controlled by the physician.
  • the physician uses a separate selection control on the endoscope to cause still images to be stored to the pixel-oriented archive device 206, or to start and stop storage of video images to the pixel-oriented archive device 206, allowing the physician the ability to record continuous video or discrete images from the previously selected source.
  • the pixel-oriented archive device 206 can be storage system capable of storing analog data, such as a VCR, or DVD recorder, or it can be a digital device such as a printer or computer system, or any other recording means as would be known in the art.
  • the output to the pixel-oriented archive device 206 is a mirror copy of what the physician sees on the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204.
  • the output to the pixel-oriented archive device 206 can be both the SBI imaging device 202 digital sample data and the SBI encoded FPA imaging device 102 video images, including a separate flag indicating which device was selected for viewing on the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 by the physician at the time.
  • the image processor 208 is capable of multiple inputs from more than two different imaging devices. Various other arrangements are possible for the image processor 208, the pixel-oriented archive device 206, and different kinds of imaging devices, and would be apparent to one having ordinary skill in the art.
  • the figures and descriptions represent merely exemplary embodiments of the invention, and are meant to be limited only by the claim scope.
  • an FPA imaging device 102 is connected through an FPA video processor 103 to a pixel-oriented video input 312 which is connected to a video frame grabber 302.
  • the video frame grabber 302 connects to a frame mapper 304 which connects to an input selector 306.
  • the input selector 306 is also connected to the SBI input 314 that is connected to an SBI imaging device 202.
  • the input selector 306 connects to an SBI processor 308.
  • the SBI processor 308 connects to both the pixel-oriented storage means output 318 and the video output encoder 310.
  • the video output encoder 310 further connects to the pixel-oriented video monitor output 316.
  • the pixel-oriented video monitor output 316 connects to the high resolution pixel- oriented monitor 204.
  • the pixel-oriented storage means output 318 connects to the pixel- oriented archive device 206.
  • An embodiment of the SBI/FPA Image Processor with Analog and Digital Interfaces 300 has inputs for accepting both analog and digital video devices.
  • the pixel-oriented video input 312 accepts RGB video inputs from an FPA video processor 103 that is connected to an FPA imaging device 102.
  • the frame grabber 302 decodes the RGB video signal and digitizes each video frame.
  • a frame mapper 304 uses the digitized video frame to encode a new SBI formatted digital sample data stream, thereby rendering or mapping the original video signal from the pixel-oriented video input 312 to the SBI format.
  • the frame mapper 304 assigns each FPA pixel from the frame grabber 302 in a prescribed manner to create each sample of a synthesized SBI formatted digital sample stream.
  • each FPA pixel's color value is assigned to one or more SBI sample stream locations.
  • the frame mapper 304 presents the SBI compatible digital sample data stream to the input selector 306.
  • the input selector 306 also receives an input from the SBI input 314.
  • the SBI input 314 accepts an SBI digital sample data stream from an SBI imaging device 202.
  • the input selector 306 allows the physician to select which of the two devices to display on the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204.
  • the input selector 306 can be controlled using a switch on the image processor 208. Based on the physician's device selection, the input selector 306 sends one of the two SBI digital sample data streams to the SBI processor 308.
  • the SBI processor 308 takes the SBI digital sample data stream and maps the individual pixel data points into an high resolution video frame.
  • the SBI processor 308 performs color correction, contrast and gamma control, and other imaging enhancing algorithms on the video data.
  • the SBI processor 308 can enhance the image differently depending upon whether the original image is from an FPA or an SBI imaging device.
  • the video output encoder 310 uses the mapped video frame in the SBI processor 308 to encode a suitable video output signal for driving the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 and presents it to the pixel-oriented video monitor output 316.
  • the video output signal preferably uses either a progressive scan 720 HDMI (ITU-R BT.601) with a 60 fps refresh rate or an SVGA VESA-compatible output using at least 800x600 pixel resolution and 72 fps refresh rate, although both higher and lower resolutions and refresh rates are contemplated.
  • a compatible commercially available medical grade display will be used, such as the Dynamic Displays' MD 1518-101 display or any other suitable display as would be known by one having ordinary skill in the art.
  • Pixel-oriented output from the SBI processor 308 sent to the pixel-oriented archive device 206 via the pixel-oriented storage means output 318 is controlled by the physician.
  • the physician uses a selection control on the endoscope to select which images from the SBI processor 308 to store to the pixel-oriented archive device 206, allowing the physician the ability to record continuous video or discrete images.
  • the pixel-oriented archive device 206 can be storage system capable of storing analog data, such as a VCR, or DVD recorder, or it can be a digital device such as a printer or computer system, or any other recording means as would be known in the art.
  • the video frame grabber 302, frame mapper 304, input selector 306, SBI processor 308, and video output encoder 310 modules of the SBI/FPA Image Processor with Analog and Digital Interfaces 300 are implemented using one or more microcontroller processors (which may be independently applied or embedded in an ASIC or FPGA), and may also include one or more discrete electronic support chips.
  • microcontroller processors which may be independently applied or embedded in an ASIC or FPGA
  • the actual circuit implementation necessary to perform the digital signal processing necessary for color correction, dynamic range control, data mapping and other pixel manipulation processes could be done in a variety of ways that would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the SBI digital sample data stream from the SBI processor 308 is sent to an SBI archive device 404 via an SBI digital storage means output 408.
  • the analog video inputs from the FPA video processor 103 can be composite, S-Video, or other component interfaces including xVGA, and can be in NTSC, PAL, SECAM, VESA or other formats.
  • the video inputs from the FPA video processor 103 can be digital, including, but not limited to, the DVI, HDMI, or DV MPEG 4:2:2 standards.
  • the frame grabber 302 would be suitably adapted to handle the other formats, acquiring the video frame by digitizing if it is an analog video signal, or acquiring the video frame by capturing the digital data if it is a digital video signal.
  • the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 could be a heads up display worn by the physician.
  • an FPA imaging device 102 is connected through an FPA video processor 103 to a pixel-oriented video input 312 which is connected to a video frame grabber 302.
  • the video frame grabber 302 connects to a frame mapper 304 which connects to an input selector 306.
  • the input selector 306 is also connected to the SBI input 314 that is connected to an SBI imaging device 202.
  • the input selector 306 connects to an SBI processor 308.
  • the SBI processor 308 connects to both the SBI video monitor output 406 and the storage means output 408.
  • the SBI storage means output 408 connects to the SBI archive device 404.
  • the SBI video monitor output 406 connects to the high resolution SBI monitor 402.
  • An embodiment of the SBI/FPA Image Processor with SBI Digital Sample Data Output 400 has inputs for accepting both analog and digital video devices.
  • the pixel-oriented video input 312 accepts RGB video inputs from an FPA video processor that is connected to an FPA imaging device 102.
  • the frame grabber 302 decodes the RGB video signal and digitizes each video frame.
  • a frame mapper 304 uses the digitized video frame to encode a new SBI formatted digital sample data stream, thereby rendering or mapping the original video signal from the pixel-oriented video input 312 to the SBI format.
  • the frame mapper 304 assigns each FPA pixel from the frame grabber 302 in a prescribed manner to create each sample of a synthesized SBI formatted digital sample stream.
  • the frame mapper 304 presents the SBI compatible digital sample data stream to the input selector 306.
  • the input selector 306 also receives an input from the SBI input 314.
  • the SBI input 314 accepts an SBI digital sample data stream from an SBI imaging device 202.
  • the input selector 306 allows the physician to control which of the two devices to display on the high resolution SBI monitor 402.
  • the input selector 306 can be controlled using a switch on the image processor 208. Based on the physician's device selection, the input selector 306 sends one of the two SBI digital sample data streams to the SBI processor 308.
  • the SBI processor 308 performs color correction, contrast and gamma control, and other imaging enhancing algorithms on the video data.
  • the SBI processor 308 can enhance the image differently depending upon whether the original image is from an FPA or an SBI imaging device.
  • the SBI processor 308 presents the SBI digital sample data stream to the SBI video monitor output 316 which is connected to a high resolution SBI monitor 402 capable of accepting an SBI signal input.
  • the output from the SBI processor 308 sent to the SBI archive device 404 via the SBI storage means output 408 is controlled by the physician.
  • the physician uses a separate selection control on the endoscope to select which images from the SBI processor 308 to store to the SBI archive device 404, allowing the physician the ability to record continuous video or discrete images.
  • the SBI storage means output 408 is a digital device such as a printer or computer system, or any other recording means as would be known in the art.
  • the video frame grabber 302, frame mapper 304, input selector 306, SBI processor 308, and video output encoder 310 modules of the SBI/FPA Image Processor with SBI Digital Sample Data Output 400 are implemented using one or more microcontroller processors (which may be independently applied or embedded in an ASIC or FPGA), and may also include one or more discrete electronic support chips.
  • microcontroller processors which may be independently applied or embedded in an ASIC or FPGA
  • the actual circuit implementation necessary to perform the digital signal processing necessary for color correction, dynamic range control, data mapping and other pixel manipulation processes could be done in a variety of ways that would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the analog video inputs from the FPA video processor 103 can be composite, S-Video, or other component interfaces including xVGA, and can be in NTSC, PAL, SECAM, VESA, or other formats.
  • the video inputs from the FPA video processor 103 can be digital, including, but not limited to, the DVI, HDMI, or DV MPEG 4:2:2 standards.
  • the frame grabber 302 would be suitably adapted to handle the other formats, acquiring the video frame by digitizing if it is an analog video signal, or acquiring the video frame by capturing the digital data if it is a digital video signal.
  • the high resolution SBI monitor 402 could be a heads up display worn by the physician.
  • a pixel-oriented video input 312 connects an FPA source 502 to both a programmable frame grabber 506 and a programmable digital format converter 508 which connect internally to a Cartesian backplane 524.
  • the Cartesian backplane 524 connects to a programmable digital format converter 512 that connects to the pixel-oriented archive device 206 through the pixel-oriented storage means output 318.
  • the Cartesian backplane 524 further connects to a programmable Cartesian format converter 514 that connects to the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 through the pixel-oriented video monitor output 316.
  • the Cartesian backplane 524 further connects to a control processor with frame memory 520, a programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516, and a programmable SBI to Cartesian converter 518.
  • the control processor with frame memory 520, the programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516, and the programmable SBI to Cartesian converter 518 also connect to an SBI backplane 526.
  • the SBI backplane 526 connects to an SBI source 504 through an SBI input 314.
  • the SBI backplane 526 also connects to the SBI input 314 through a programmable SBI format converter 510.
  • the SBI backplane 526 further connects to an SBI archive device 404 through an SBI storage means output 408, and a high resolution SBI monitor 402 through an SBI video monitor output 406.
  • a control backplane 522 connects the control processor with frame memory 520 to the programmable frame grabber 506, the programmable digital format converter 508, the programmable SBI format converter 510, the programmable digital format converter 512, the programmable Cartesian format converter 514, the programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516, and the programmable SBI to Cartesian converter 518.
  • An embodiment of the Programmable SBI/FPA Image Processor 500 has inputs for accepting either or both analog and digital video devices.
  • the pixel-oriented video input 312 accepts video inputs from an FPA source 502.
  • the FPA source 502 can be analog in which case the pixel-oriented video input 312 can be composite, S-Video, or other component interfaces including xVGA, and can be in NTSC, PAL, SECAM, VESA, or other formats.
  • the pixel-oriented video input 312 can also be a digital interface for accepting DVI, HDMI, or DV MPEG 4:2:2 inputs from a digital FPA source 502.
  • the programmable frame grabber 506 acquires the analog video signal from an analog
  • the FPA source 502 by digitizing each video frame into an internal pixel-oriented format and transfers each frame of video to the control processor with frame memory 520 across the Cartesian backplane 524.
  • the programmable digital format converter similarly acquires a digital video signal from a digital FPA source 502 by converting the encoded frames of video into an internal pixel-oriented format and transfers each frame of video to the control processor with frame memory 520 across the Cartesian backplane 524.
  • the programmable SBI format converter 510 decodes an SBI source 504 input into an internal SBI format and transfers the digital data stream to the control processor with frame memory 520.
  • the SBI source 504 can transfer the SBI formatted digital sample data stream directly to the control processor with frame memory 520 if it is already in the internal SBI format.
  • the control processor with frame memory 520 can start performing color correction, contrast and gamma control, and other imaging enhancing algorithms on the video data. Because SBI data samples can have greater resolution or include sampling of spectrum outside of the normal Red Green and Blue colorspace, the control processor with frame memory 520 may enhance the image differently depending upon whether the original image is from an FPA or an SBI imaging device.
  • the control processor with frame memory 520 may highlight the area in an normally absent color such as bright green, or it could utilize an edge detection algorithm and draw a flashing bright white line around the perimeter of the area. If the area being imaged by the SBI source 504 contained a greater depth of colors than could be displayed on a high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204, the control processor with frame memory 520 could scale the intensity linearly or non-linearly to optimal levels for display. The control processor with frame memory 520 can also use data from previous frames or scans in enhancing the current video data. These and other image enhancing algorithms known to those having ordinary skill in the art could be utilized.
  • the control processor with frame memory 520 uses the control backplane 524 to control which of the input devices, 502, 504, to use as input, and which type of high resolution monitor, 204, 402, to use for displaying the video.
  • the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 or high resolution SBI monitor 402 could be a heads up display worn by the physician.
  • the control processor with frame memory 520 also controls which images to send to the archive devices, 206, 404 and whether the archive device is to record continuous video or discrete images.
  • the archive devices, 206, 404 can be either analog or digital storage devices.
  • the programmable SBI/FPA Image Processor 500 can run in four different modes: FPA source to SBI monitor mode; FPA source to pixel-oriented monitor mode, SBI source to pixel-oriented monitor mode; and SBI source to SBI monitor mode.
  • the control processor with frame memory 520 forwards the pixel-oriented frame of video across the Cartesian backplane 524 to the programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516 .
  • the programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516 converts the pixel-oriented video frame to an SBI formatted digital sample data stream, thereby rendering or mapping the original video signal from the FPA source 502 to the SBI format.
  • the programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516 assigns each FPA pixel from the frame in a prescribed manner to create each new sample of the synthesized SBI formatted digital sample stream. In this process a portion of each FPA pixel's color value is assigned to one or more SBI sample stream locations.
  • the control processor with frame memory 520 can then store the SBI formatted digital sample data stream back in memory, perform additional processing, or direct the SBI formatted digital sample data stream across the SBI backplane 526 to the high resolution SBI monitor 402 or the SBI archive device 404.
  • the control processor with frame memory 520 forwards pixel-oriented frame of video across the Cartesian backplane 524 to the programmable Cartesian format converter 514, which puts the frame of video into the appropriate analog or digital format for display on the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204.
  • the pixel- oriented video monitor output 316 can be composite, S-Video, or other component interfaces including xVGA, and can be in NTSC, PAL, SECAM, VESA, or other formats.
  • the pixel-oriented video monitor output 316 can be a digital interface for accepting DVI, HDMI, DV or other digital connections.
  • the control processor with frame memory 520 can also direct the programmable digital format converter 512 to send the current frame of video on the Cartesian backplane 524 to the pixel-oriented archive device 206.
  • the control processor with frame memory 520 forwards the SBI digital sample data stream across the SBI backplane 526 to the programmable SBI to Cartesian converter 518.
  • the programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 518 converts the SBI digital sample data stream to a pixel-oriented video frame, thereby rendering or mapping the original video signal from the SBI source 504 to the pixel-oriented format.
  • the programmable SBI to Cartesian converter 518 assigns each SBI formatted sample to one or more FPA pixels in a prescribed manner to create each new sample of the synthesized pixel-oriented frame. In this process a portion of each SBA data sample's color value is assigned to one or more FPA pixels.
  • the control processor with frame memory 520 can then store the pixel-oriented frame of video back in memory, perform additional processing, or direct the pixel-oriented frame of video across the Cartesian backplane 524 to the programmable Cartesian format converter 514, which puts the frame of video into the appropriate analog or digital format for display on the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204.
  • the control processor with frame memory 520 can also direct the programmable digital format converter 512 to send the current frame of video on the Cartesian backplane 524 to the pixel-oriented archive device 206.
  • control processor with frame memory 520 can have both the high resolution SBI monitor 402 and the SBI archive device 404 use the current SBI formatted digital sample stream from the SBI source 504 present on SBI backplane 526.
  • control processor with frame memory 520 can store the SBI formatted digital sample data stream from the SBI source 504 in memory, perform additional processing, and then direct the modified SBI formatted digital sample stream back on the SBI backplane 526 to the high resolution SBI monitor 402 and the SBI archive device 404.
  • the control processor with frame memory 520, the programmable frame grabber 506, the programmable digital format converter 508, the programmable SBI format converter 510, the programmable digital format converter 512, the programmable Cartesian format converter 514, the programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516, and the programmable SBI to Cartesian converter 518 modules of the programmable SBI/FPA Image Processor with SBI Digital Sample Data Output 500 are implemented using one or more microcontroller processors (which may be independently applied or embedded in an ASIC or FPGA), and may also include one or more discrete electronic support chips.
  • the actual circuit implementation necessary to perform the digital signal processing necessary for color correction, dynamic range control, data mapping and other pixel manipulation processes could be implemented in circuitry and software in a variety of ways that would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • control backplane 522, the Cartesian backplane 524, and the SBI backplane 526 can be discrete backplanes or they can be logical backplanes running on a common physical backplane.
  • Backplane technology is a well developed art and the backplanes could be implemented in circuitry and software in a variety of ways that would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the dual resonant scanned beam imager is a class of MEMS oscillating mirror imagers with two orthogonal axis of rotation (labeled x and y) that operate in a resonant mode.
  • the x-axis oscillation is referred to as the fast axis
  • the y-axis oscillation is referred to as the slow axis.
  • the oscillating mirror causes a beam of light reflected from its surface to trace a geometric pattern known as a Lissajous figure or pattern.
  • the basic Lissajous pattern can precess.
  • the number of slow axis cycles required to precess the pattern to an initial spatial point, is called the interleave factor.
  • x(t) A sin(W f t + ⁇ / )
  • y(t) Bcos(w s t + ⁇ s )
  • the Lissajous pattern traced by an SBI is spatially repeated after a set number of oscillations on the slow axis (interleave factor). Once a reference point on the complete set of Lissajous patterns is identified, one can view the constant sample time, digital data stream captured at each optical detector as a vector of constant length, the SBI Data Vector (SDVi). The number of samples in the vector (N) is equal to the interleave factor times the period of the slow axis oscillation divided by the sample interval (ts).
  • the SBI data stream can be viewed as a matrix, the SBI Data Matrix (SDM), that has a row count equal to the number of sampled detectors (M) and a column count equal to the number of samples in each SDV (N).
  • SDM SBI Data Matrix
  • M the number of sampled detectors
  • N the number of samples in each SDV
  • the pixel-oriented video frame is represented as a pixel data matrix (PDM), a two- dimensional matrix with row and column indices that represent the display space.
  • PDM pixel data matrix
  • a typical system might have 600 rows (Y) and 800 columns (X).
  • Each point in the data set is a triple representing red (R), green (G), and blue (B) display intensities.
  • the transformation from matrix to vector representation can be achieved algorithmically.
  • a transformation matrix is defined.
  • the transformation matrix is a N x XY matrix where N is the number of samples in the SDV; X is the number of horizontal pixels in the Cartesian pixel-oriented space; Y is the number of vertical pixels in the Cartesian pixel-oriented space.
  • FIG. 6 provides a close-up look at the physical situation when converting from the Lissajous space SDM to the Cartesian space PDM.
  • the grey crosses in the imaged area 600 represent the pixels in Cartesian Space mapped with the matrix origin located in the upper left hand corner. Each pixel is represented by conventional Cartesian coordinates (x,y).
  • the solid line is the SBI beam path 602 and represents a portion of a specific trajectory of the dual resonant scanned beam through the imaged area 600.
  • the black diamonds indicate SBI samples 604 taken along that SBI beam path 602.
  • the SBI sample index (j) increases from the top left to bottom right in this depiction.
  • the trajectory of the SBI beam path 602 (with increasing sample index) can be in any direction through a subset of the imaged area 600. Note that in Figure 6 the SBI samples 604 at the top left and bottom right are closer together than the SBI samples 604 in the center of the figure. This difference is shown to reinforce the implications of a constant data-sampling rate applied to resonant (sinusoidal) beams.
  • the matrix, SDV is of dimension I x N
  • the transformation matrix, T is of dimension N by (X* Y)
  • the matrix PDV is of dimension 1 by X* Y.
  • the object is to distribute the data from the imaged area 600 at sample m 606 to the associated pixels 608 (those within the circle 610) in the pixel space. The following steps can be used to populate the T matrix:
  • Step 2 Construct a circle 610 in Cartesian space of radius, rj, over which the data from SBI sample, m 606, is going to be distributed to the associated pixels 608 contained within circle 610.
  • Step 3 For each associated pixel 608 (k+s,l+t), where s and t are integers that describe points in Cartesian space located within the circle constructed in step 2:
  • w is the weighting factor
  • s is the length of the vector from the SBI data point (m) 606 to the associated pixel 608 of interest
  • F is a controllable constant that sets how fast the effects of the SBI data falls off as the value of 1 increases.
  • Td is the radius of the circle 610 over which the data from the SBI sample is being distributed
  • B Define the operation with the symbol ⁇ — > .
  • B is a concatenation of each row of A starting at row 0 and ending at row m-1.
  • Step 4(optional) It should be recognized that this method creates a sparse matrix
  • conversion from Cartesian space PDM to Lissajous space SDM can be represented as a matrix multiplication.
  • SBI imagers have a wider dynamic range per pixel and generally support more pixels than FPA devices. Therefore, there will not be a one-to-one mapping for each SBI data point to each Cartesian pixel. As would be well known in the art, the conversion process from SBI space to FPA space would therefore be lossy. To decrease loss, especially for image enhancement and storage of raw data purposes, the processor can internally use a much larger Cartesian frame with greater dynamic range than would be output to a monitor or received from an FPA or SBI device, and simply downsample and reduce the dynamic range appropriate to the monitor or storage device prior to outputting the video signal. Such a frame would facilitate a nearly lossless internal conversion between SBI and FPA spaces. It should be noted therefore, that this disclosure contemplates, and the claims should be read in light of, instances where the image processor uses an internal pixel frame that is both equal to, less than, or greater than that of an SBI or FPA pixel- oriented imaging device.

Abstract

An apparatus and method for allowing multiple high and low resolution SBI and conventional FPA imaging devices to use a common high resolution monitor and archive device without increasing or significantly changing the footprint of existing devices. This system and method uses a frame grabber for digitizing video from the legacy FPA devices, a frame mapper for rendering or mapping the FPA video into the SBI digital format, a converter for rasterizing SBI data streams into pixel-oriented FPA video frames, an input selector for selecting which FPA or SBI imaging device to display on a high resolution monitor, an processor for storing and manipulating frames of video, a video output encoder for converting the SBI frames into a video signal appropriate for display on the high resolution monitor, and an output means for connecting to a storage device for archiving video and images.

Description

COMBINED SBI AND CONVENTIONAL IMAGE PROCESSOR
[0001] Technical Field
[0002] The present invention relates generally to systems, devices, and methods for rendering Scanned Bean Imager (SBI) and Focal Plane Array (FPA) image data into a common format for display on a high resolution monitor and storage on a common system.
[0003] Background of the Invention
[0004] Many medical devices have visual screens for providing real-time data. While some have simple backlit 80x25 text screens, others require television screens or video monitors for displaying video images. The space in hospital operating room environments is very tight and cannot accommodate much equipment, especially bulky video monitors. The space close to a patient, where one or more physicians might operate, is more or less constrained by the geometry of the patient and the need or desire to have certain medical instruments in fixed locations, e.g., anesthesia devices near the patient's head region. Usable space near a patient, especially that which is directly accessible by the operating physician, is at a premium. When multiple medical devices each require a video monitor, the situation presents both space and ergonomic challenges to the physician and support staff as they attempt to coordinate the use of multiple video monitors. In some cases, it might be impracticable to accommodate more than one monitor near the patient. There is therefore a need for a system and method to allow physicians and support staff to use, and coordinate the use of, multiple imaging devices on a common monitor and storage system.
[0005] Imaging devices can have different native resolutions and frame rates. Focal Plane Array (FPA) devices typically use Charge Coupled Device (CCD) technology to capture an entire image, or frame, all at once. Typically, these CCD-type imagers capture 30 frames per second (fps). As the frame is rendered to a suitable video format for display on a monitor, the frame may be split into two interlaced (every other line) 60 fps frames that combined make up one full frame on the monitor. This interlacing tends to result in image degradation, but does have the advantage that common inexpensive equipment that supports interlaced video is ubiquitously available and interconnections between various pieces of equipment are relatively simple and straightforward. Alternatively, the FPA may present a progressive scan video signal, whereby each frame is imaged line by line in its entirety resulting in better clarity video. Progressive scan FPA devices and monitors tend to be somewhat more expensive than interlaced devices.
[0006] Scanned Beam Imaging (SBI) devices, on the other hand, use a different, higher resolution technology. Instead of acquiring the entire frame at once, the area to be imaged is rapidly scanned point-by-point by an incident beam of light, the reflected light being picked up by sensors and translated into a native data stream representing a series of points and values. SBI technology is especially applicable to endoscopes because SBI devices have better image resolution and present higher quality images of small internal structures, use reduced power light sources, and can be put in very small package diameters for insertion into a human body.
[0007] Scanning beam imaging endoscopes using bi-sinusoidal and other scanning patterns are known in the art; see, for example U.S. Patent Application US 2005/0020926 Al to Wikloff et al. An exemplary color SBI endoscope has a scanning element that uses dichroic mirrors to combine red, green, and blue laser light into a single beam of white light that is then deflected off a small mirror mounted on a scanning bi-axial MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) device. The MEMS device scans a given area with the beam of white light in a pre-determined bi-sinusoidal or other comparable pattern and the reflected light is sampled for a large number of points by red, green, and blue sensors. Each sampled data point is then put in a native SBI data format and transmitted to an image processing device. [0008] While reading data out from FPA/CCD devices is normally performed in an orderly line- by-line manner that makes conversion to a standard video signal relatively straightforward, MEMS-based scanners using bi-sinusoidal or other non-standard scanning patterns result in an ordering of the SBI data that would be incompatible for direct use with ordinary monitors. Also, the image may be scanned at frame rates that ordinary monitors are not capable of refreshing on their screens. To display on an ordinary monitor, the scanned image is therefore first reassembled from the SBI digital pixel image data into a full frame image. This reassembling process is sometimes referred to as rasterization, because a raster or frame is created from the raw data. The image processing device then uses the full frame image to render an appropriate video signal to be displayed on a video monitor at a suitable frame rate.
[0009] A native SBI image has potentially superior digital pixel density and dynamic range than an FPA image. Preferentially, the SBI image should be displayed on a monitor suitable for directly displaying the SBI image from the SBI image data. Alternatively, the SBI image data should be converted to a format suitable for display on a high resolution video monitor. There is therefore a need for a system and method to allow physicians and support staff to use, and coordinate the use of, both FPA and SBI imaging devices on a common high resolution monitor and storage system.
[0010] Summary of the Invention
[0011] The present invention meets the above and other needs. An apparatus that is a combined SBI and FPA image processor comprises a frame grabber for digitizing video from the legacy FPA devices, a frame mapper for rendering or mapping the FPA video into the SBI digital format, an input selector for selecting which imaging device to display on the high resolution monitor, an SBI processor for storing and processing each frame of SBI video, and a video output encoder for converting the each digitized SBI frame into a video signal appropriate for display on the high resolution monitor. The apparatus allows multiple FPA and SBI imaging devices to use a common high resolution monitor and -A-
archive device without increasing or significantly changing the footprint of existing devices in the operating room environment.
[0012] The method of the invention involves using the combined SBI and FPA image processor to render both FPA and SBI inputs from imaging devices to a common high resolution format for display on a high resolution monitor and archiving in a storage means.
[0013] Brief Description of the Drawings
[0014] The accompanying figures depict multiple embodiments of the combined SBI and FPA image processor. A brief description of each figure is provided below. Elements with the same reference numbers in each figure indicate identical or functionally similar elements. Additionally, as a convenience, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the drawings in which the reference number first appears.
[0015] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art imaging system using a Focal Plane Array (FPA) imaging device, a television monitor, and a printer.
[0016] Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the invention where both an FPA imaging device and a Scanned Beam Imaging (SBI) imaging device connect to the combined SBI and FPA image processor, and the image processor provides outputs to the high resolution monitor and the archive device.
[0017] Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the combined SBI and FPA image processor showing an FPA frame grabber, an FPA-to-SBI frame mapper, an input selector, an SBI frame rasterizing element, and a video output encoder.
[0018] Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an alternate embodiment of the combined SBI and FPA image processor, where the selected SBI digital pixel input is sent to the monitor and archive device without rasterizing the frame.
[0019] Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an alternate embodiment of the combined SBI and FPA image processor, where the image processor is programmable and can support various Cartesian frame -based inputs and outputs as well as digital pixel stream inputs and outputs.
[0020] Fig. 6 is an illustration used to facilitate understanding the conversion process from the two-dimensional Cartesian space format typical of FPA devices to the pixel stream format used by SBI devices.
[0021] Detailed Description
[0022] Fig. 1 details the prior art imaging systems. Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are detailed in Figs. 2-5. Fig. 6 illustrates the SBI to FPA conversion process.
[0023] Prior Art Imaging System
[0024] Referring now to the schematic diagram of a prior art imaging system 100 depicted in
Fig. 1, an FPA imaging device 102 connects to an FPA video processor 103 that connects to a monitor 104 that connects to a storage means 106.
[0025] In a typical prior art imaging system 100, like that found in a typical hospital operation room, an FPA imaging device 102, usually a CCD-type camera, provides a video signal and, optionally, exchanges control signals or commands with a matching FPA video processor 103 that creates a variety of standard video outputs to the monitor 104. The video signal supplied to the monitor can be a composite signal, an S-Video signal, a Digital Video Interface (DVI) signal, an HDMI signal, or more commonly a component RGB signal, with each of the Red, Green, and Blue signals carried on individual cables and having separate physical connectors for attaching to the monitor 104. The monitor 104 displays the image seen by the FPA imaging device 102 to the physician. The storage means 106, also receives the video signal and allows the physician to record the images the physician is seeing. Typically, the storage means 106 receives the video signal directly from the FPA video processor 103. The storage means 106 can be a printer, an analog VCR, a DVD recorder, or any other recording means as would be known in the art. [0026] Imaging System using the Combined SBI and FPA Image Processor
[0027] Referring now to the schematic diagram of an embodiment of an imaging system using the combined SBI and FPA Image Processor System 200 depicted in Fig. 2. An SBI imaging device 202 connects directly to the image processor 208 and an FPA imaging device 102 connects to the image processor 208 through an FPA video processor 103. The image processor 208 connects to both the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 and the pixel-oriented archive device 206.
[0028] In the combined SBI and FPA Image Processor System 200, the SBI imaging device 202 delivers SBI digital sample data to the image processor 208, while the FPA imaging device 102 provides a traditional raster video signal through the FPA video processor 103 to the image processor 208. The image processor 208 allows the physician to select which source to display on the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204. The image processor 208 sends a separate output to the pixel-oriented archive device 206. The output to the pixel-oriented archive device 206 is controlled by the physician. The physician uses a separate selection control on the endoscope to cause still images to be stored to the pixel-oriented archive device 206, or to start and stop storage of video images to the pixel-oriented archive device 206, allowing the physician the ability to record continuous video or discrete images from the previously selected source. The pixel-oriented archive device 206 can be storage system capable of storing analog data, such as a VCR, or DVD recorder, or it can be a digital device such as a printer or computer system, or any other recording means as would be known in the art.
[0029] In an alternate embodiment, the output to the pixel-oriented archive device 206 is a mirror copy of what the physician sees on the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204. In another embodiment, the output to the pixel-oriented archive device 206 can be both the SBI imaging device 202 digital sample data and the SBI encoded FPA imaging device 102 video images, including a separate flag indicating which device was selected for viewing on the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 by the physician at the time. In another embodiment, the image processor 208 is capable of multiple inputs from more than two different imaging devices. Various other arrangements are possible for the image processor 208, the pixel-oriented archive device 206, and different kinds of imaging devices, and would be apparent to one having ordinary skill in the art. The figures and descriptions represent merely exemplary embodiments of the invention, and are meant to be limited only by the claim scope.
[0030] SBI/FPA Image Processor with Analog and Digital Interfaces
[0031] Referring now to the schematic diagram of an SBI/FPA Image Processor with Analog and Digital Interfaces 300 depicted in Fig. 3, an FPA imaging device 102 is connected through an FPA video processor 103 to a pixel-oriented video input 312 which is connected to a video frame grabber 302. The video frame grabber 302 connects to a frame mapper 304 which connects to an input selector 306. The input selector 306 is also connected to the SBI input 314 that is connected to an SBI imaging device 202. The input selector 306 connects to an SBI processor 308. The SBI processor 308 connects to both the pixel-oriented storage means output 318 and the video output encoder 310. The video output encoder 310 further connects to the pixel-oriented video monitor output 316. The pixel-oriented video monitor output 316 connects to the high resolution pixel- oriented monitor 204. The pixel-oriented storage means output 318 connects to the pixel- oriented archive device 206.
[0032] An embodiment of the SBI/FPA Image Processor with Analog and Digital Interfaces 300 has inputs for accepting both analog and digital video devices. The pixel-oriented video input 312 accepts RGB video inputs from an FPA video processor 103 that is connected to an FPA imaging device 102. The frame grabber 302 decodes the RGB video signal and digitizes each video frame. A frame mapper 304 uses the digitized video frame to encode a new SBI formatted digital sample data stream, thereby rendering or mapping the original video signal from the pixel-oriented video input 312 to the SBI format. The frame mapper 304 assigns each FPA pixel from the frame grabber 302 in a prescribed manner to create each sample of a synthesized SBI formatted digital sample stream. In this process a portion of each FPA pixel's color value is assigned to one or more SBI sample stream locations. The frame mapper 304 presents the SBI compatible digital sample data stream to the input selector 306. The input selector 306 also receives an input from the SBI input 314. The SBI input 314 accepts an SBI digital sample data stream from an SBI imaging device 202.
[0033] The input selector 306 allows the physician to select which of the two devices to display on the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204. The input selector 306 can be controlled using a switch on the image processor 208. Based on the physician's device selection, the input selector 306 sends one of the two SBI digital sample data streams to the SBI processor 308. The SBI processor 308 takes the SBI digital sample data stream and maps the individual pixel data points into an high resolution video frame. The SBI processor 308 performs color correction, contrast and gamma control, and other imaging enhancing algorithms on the video data. The SBI processor 308 can enhance the image differently depending upon whether the original image is from an FPA or an SBI imaging device.
[0034] The video output encoder 310 uses the mapped video frame in the SBI processor 308 to encode a suitable video output signal for driving the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 and presents it to the pixel-oriented video monitor output 316. The video output signal preferably uses either a progressive scan 720 HDMI (ITU-R BT.601) with a 60 fps refresh rate or an SVGA VESA-compatible output using at least 800x600 pixel resolution and 72 fps refresh rate, although both higher and lower resolutions and refresh rates are contemplated. Typically, a compatible commercially available medical grade display will be used, such as the Dynamic Displays' MD 1518-101 display or any other suitable display as would be known by one having ordinary skill in the art. Pixel-oriented output from the SBI processor 308 sent to the pixel-oriented archive device 206 via the pixel-oriented storage means output 318 is controlled by the physician. The physician uses a selection control on the endoscope to select which images from the SBI processor 308 to store to the pixel-oriented archive device 206, allowing the physician the ability to record continuous video or discrete images. The pixel-oriented archive device 206 can be storage system capable of storing analog data, such as a VCR, or DVD recorder, or it can be a digital device such as a printer or computer system, or any other recording means as would be known in the art.
[0035] The video frame grabber 302, frame mapper 304, input selector 306, SBI processor 308, and video output encoder 310 modules of the SBI/FPA Image Processor with Analog and Digital Interfaces 300 are implemented using one or more microcontroller processors (which may be independently applied or embedded in an ASIC or FPGA), and may also include one or more discrete electronic support chips. The actual circuit implementation necessary to perform the digital signal processing necessary for color correction, dynamic range control, data mapping and other pixel manipulation processes could be done in a variety of ways that would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.
[0036] In another embodiment of the invention, the SBI digital sample data stream from the SBI processor 308 is sent to an SBI archive device 404 via an SBI digital storage means output 408. In another embodiment of the invention, the analog video inputs from the FPA video processor 103 can be composite, S-Video, or other component interfaces including xVGA, and can be in NTSC, PAL, SECAM, VESA or other formats. In another embodiment of the invention, the video inputs from the FPA video processor 103 can be digital, including, but not limited to, the DVI, HDMI, or DV MPEG 4:2:2 standards. In these embodiments, the frame grabber 302 would be suitably adapted to handle the other formats, acquiring the video frame by digitizing if it is an analog video signal, or acquiring the video frame by capturing the digital data if it is a digital video signal. In another embodiment the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 could be a heads up display worn by the physician. [0037] SBI/FPA Image Processor with SBI Digital Sample Data Output
[0038] Referring now to the schematic diagram of an SBI/FPA Image Processor with SBI Digital Sample Data Output 400 depicted in Fig. 4, an FPA imaging device 102 is connected through an FPA video processor 103 to a pixel-oriented video input 312 which is connected to a video frame grabber 302. The video frame grabber 302 connects to a frame mapper 304 which connects to an input selector 306. The input selector 306 is also connected to the SBI input 314 that is connected to an SBI imaging device 202. The input selector 306 connects to an SBI processor 308. The SBI processor 308 connects to both the SBI video monitor output 406 and the storage means output 408. The SBI storage means output 408 connects to the SBI archive device 404. The SBI video monitor output 406 connects to the high resolution SBI monitor 402.
[0039] An embodiment of the SBI/FPA Image Processor with SBI Digital Sample Data Output 400 has inputs for accepting both analog and digital video devices. The pixel-oriented video input 312 accepts RGB video inputs from an FPA video processor that is connected to an FPA imaging device 102. The frame grabber 302 decodes the RGB video signal and digitizes each video frame. A frame mapper 304 uses the digitized video frame to encode a new SBI formatted digital sample data stream, thereby rendering or mapping the original video signal from the pixel-oriented video input 312 to the SBI format. The frame mapper 304 assigns each FPA pixel from the frame grabber 302 in a prescribed manner to create each sample of a synthesized SBI formatted digital sample stream. In this process a portion of each FPA pixel's color value is assigned to one or more SBI sample stream locations. The frame mapper 304 presents the SBI compatible digital sample data stream to the input selector 306. The input selector 306 also receives an input from the SBI input 314. The SBI input 314 accepts an SBI digital sample data stream from an SBI imaging device 202. The input selector 306 allows the physician to control which of the two devices to display on the high resolution SBI monitor 402. The input selector 306 can be controlled using a switch on the image processor 208. Based on the physician's device selection, the input selector 306 sends one of the two SBI digital sample data streams to the SBI processor 308. The SBI processor 308 performs color correction, contrast and gamma control, and other imaging enhancing algorithms on the video data. The SBI processor 308 can enhance the image differently depending upon whether the original image is from an FPA or an SBI imaging device.
[0040] The SBI processor 308 presents the SBI digital sample data stream to the SBI video monitor output 316 which is connected to a high resolution SBI monitor 402 capable of accepting an SBI signal input. The output from the SBI processor 308 sent to the SBI archive device 404 via the SBI storage means output 408 is controlled by the physician. The physician uses a separate selection control on the endoscope to select which images from the SBI processor 308 to store to the SBI archive device 404, allowing the physician the ability to record continuous video or discrete images. The SBI storage means output 408 is a digital device such as a printer or computer system, or any other recording means as would be known in the art.
[0041] The video frame grabber 302, frame mapper 304, input selector 306, SBI processor 308, and video output encoder 310 modules of the SBI/FPA Image Processor with SBI Digital Sample Data Output 400 are implemented using one or more microcontroller processors (which may be independently applied or embedded in an ASIC or FPGA), and may also include one or more discrete electronic support chips. The actual circuit implementation necessary to perform the digital signal processing necessary for color correction, dynamic range control, data mapping and other pixel manipulation processes could be done in a variety of ways that would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.
[0042] In alternative embodiment of the invention, the analog video inputs from the FPA video processor 103 can be composite, S-Video, or other component interfaces including xVGA, and can be in NTSC, PAL, SECAM, VESA, or other formats. In another embodiment of the invention, the video inputs from the FPA video processor 103 can be digital, including, but not limited to, the DVI, HDMI, or DV MPEG 4:2:2 standards. In these embodiments, the frame grabber 302 would be suitably adapted to handle the other formats, acquiring the video frame by digitizing if it is an analog video signal, or acquiring the video frame by capturing the digital data if it is a digital video signal. In another embodiment the high resolution SBI monitor 402 could be a heads up display worn by the physician.
[0043] Programmable SBI/FPA Image Processor
[0044] Referring now to the schematic diagram of a programmable SBI/FPA Image
Processor 500 depicted in Fig. 5, a pixel-oriented video input 312 connects an FPA source 502 to both a programmable frame grabber 506 and a programmable digital format converter 508 which connect internally to a Cartesian backplane 524. The Cartesian backplane 524 connects to a programmable digital format converter 512 that connects to the pixel-oriented archive device 206 through the pixel-oriented storage means output 318. The Cartesian backplane 524 further connects to a programmable Cartesian format converter 514 that connects to the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 through the pixel-oriented video monitor output 316. The Cartesian backplane 524 further connects to a control processor with frame memory 520, a programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516, and a programmable SBI to Cartesian converter 518. The control processor with frame memory 520, the programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516, and the programmable SBI to Cartesian converter 518 also connect to an SBI backplane 526. The SBI backplane 526 connects to an SBI source 504 through an SBI input 314. The SBI backplane 526 also connects to the SBI input 314 through a programmable SBI format converter 510. The SBI backplane 526 further connects to an SBI archive device 404 through an SBI storage means output 408, and a high resolution SBI monitor 402 through an SBI video monitor output 406. A control backplane 522 connects the control processor with frame memory 520 to the programmable frame grabber 506, the programmable digital format converter 508, the programmable SBI format converter 510, the programmable digital format converter 512, the programmable Cartesian format converter 514, the programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516, and the programmable SBI to Cartesian converter 518. [0045] An embodiment of the Programmable SBI/FPA Image Processor 500 has inputs for accepting either or both analog and digital video devices. The pixel-oriented video input 312 accepts video inputs from an FPA source 502. The FPA source 502 can be analog in which case the pixel-oriented video input 312 can be composite, S-Video, or other component interfaces including xVGA, and can be in NTSC, PAL, SECAM, VESA, or other formats. The pixel-oriented video input 312 can also be a digital interface for accepting DVI, HDMI, or DV MPEG 4:2:2 inputs from a digital FPA source 502.
[0046] The programmable frame grabber 506 acquires the analog video signal from an analog
FPA source 502 by digitizing each video frame into an internal pixel-oriented format and transfers each frame of video to the control processor with frame memory 520 across the Cartesian backplane 524. The programmable digital format converter similarly acquires a digital video signal from a digital FPA source 502 by converting the encoded frames of video into an internal pixel-oriented format and transfers each frame of video to the control processor with frame memory 520 across the Cartesian backplane 524.
[0047] The programmable SBI format converter 510 decodes an SBI source 504 input into an internal SBI format and transfers the digital data stream to the control processor with frame memory 520. Alternatively, the SBI source 504 can transfer the SBI formatted digital sample data stream directly to the control processor with frame memory 520 if it is already in the internal SBI format.
[0048] Once the pixel-oriented frame of video or SBI formatted digital sample data stream starts to transfer to the control processor with frame memory 520 it can start performing color correction, contrast and gamma control, and other imaging enhancing algorithms on the video data. Because SBI data samples can have greater resolution or include sampling of spectrum outside of the normal Red Green and Blue colorspace, the control processor with frame memory 520 may enhance the image differently depending upon whether the original image is from an FPA or an SBI imaging device. As an illustration only, if the SBI data samples include sampling of how much the imaged area fluoresced when an incident beam shone on it, the control processor with frame memory 520 may highlight the area in an normally absent color such as bright green, or it could utilize an edge detection algorithm and draw a flashing bright white line around the perimeter of the area. If the area being imaged by the SBI source 504 contained a greater depth of colors than could be displayed on a high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204, the control processor with frame memory 520 could scale the intensity linearly or non-linearly to optimal levels for display. The control processor with frame memory 520 can also use data from previous frames or scans in enhancing the current video data. These and other image enhancing algorithms known to those having ordinary skill in the art could be utilized.
[0049] The control processor with frame memory 520 uses the control backplane 524 to control which of the input devices, 502, 504, to use as input, and which type of high resolution monitor, 204, 402, to use for displaying the video. In an alternate embodiment the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 or high resolution SBI monitor 402 could be a heads up display worn by the physician. The control processor with frame memory 520 also controls which images to send to the archive devices, 206, 404 and whether the archive device is to record continuous video or discrete images. The archive devices, 206, 404 can be either analog or digital storage devices.
[0050] The programmable SBI/FPA Image Processor 500 can run in four different modes: FPA source to SBI monitor mode; FPA source to pixel-oriented monitor mode, SBI source to pixel-oriented monitor mode; and SBI source to SBI monitor mode.
[0051] FPA source to SBI monitor mode
[0052] In FPA source to SBI monitor mode, the control processor with frame memory 520 forwards the pixel-oriented frame of video across the Cartesian backplane 524 to the programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516 . The programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516 converts the pixel-oriented video frame to an SBI formatted digital sample data stream, thereby rendering or mapping the original video signal from the FPA source 502 to the SBI format. The programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516 assigns each FPA pixel from the frame in a prescribed manner to create each new sample of the synthesized SBI formatted digital sample stream. In this process a portion of each FPA pixel's color value is assigned to one or more SBI sample stream locations. The control processor with frame memory 520 can then store the SBI formatted digital sample data stream back in memory, perform additional processing, or direct the SBI formatted digital sample data stream across the SBI backplane 526 to the high resolution SBI monitor 402 or the SBI archive device 404.
[0053] FPA source to pixel-oriented monitor mode
[0054] In FPA source to pixel-oriented monitor mode, the control processor with frame memory 520 forwards pixel-oriented frame of video across the Cartesian backplane 524 to the programmable Cartesian format converter 514, which puts the frame of video into the appropriate analog or digital format for display on the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204. If the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 is analog, the pixel- oriented video monitor output 316 can be composite, S-Video, or other component interfaces including xVGA, and can be in NTSC, PAL, SECAM, VESA, or other formats. If the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 is digital, the pixel-oriented video monitor output 316 can be a digital interface for accepting DVI, HDMI, DV or other digital connections. The control processor with frame memory 520 can also direct the programmable digital format converter 512 to send the current frame of video on the Cartesian backplane 524 to the pixel-oriented archive device 206.
[0055] SBI source to pixel-oriented monitor mode
[0056] In SBI source to pixel-oriented monitor mode, the control processor with frame memory 520 forwards the SBI digital sample data stream across the SBI backplane 526 to the programmable SBI to Cartesian converter 518. The programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 518 converts the SBI digital sample data stream to a pixel-oriented video frame, thereby rendering or mapping the original video signal from the SBI source 504 to the pixel-oriented format. The programmable SBI to Cartesian converter 518 assigns each SBI formatted sample to one or more FPA pixels in a prescribed manner to create each new sample of the synthesized pixel-oriented frame. In this process a portion of each SBA data sample's color value is assigned to one or more FPA pixels. The control processor with frame memory 520 can then store the pixel-oriented frame of video back in memory, perform additional processing, or direct the pixel-oriented frame of video across the Cartesian backplane 524 to the programmable Cartesian format converter 514, which puts the frame of video into the appropriate analog or digital format for display on the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204. The control processor with frame memory 520 can also direct the programmable digital format converter 512 to send the current frame of video on the Cartesian backplane 524 to the pixel-oriented archive device 206.
[0057] SBI source to SBI monitor mode
[0058] In SBI source to SBI monitor mode, the control processor with frame memory 520 can have both the high resolution SBI monitor 402 and the SBI archive device 404 use the current SBI formatted digital sample stream from the SBI source 504 present on SBI backplane 526. Alternatively, the control processor with frame memory 520 can store the SBI formatted digital sample data stream from the SBI source 504 in memory, perform additional processing, and then direct the modified SBI formatted digital sample stream back on the SBI backplane 526 to the high resolution SBI monitor 402 and the SBI archive device 404.
[0059] Processor and Backplane Architecture
[0060] The control processor with frame memory 520, the programmable frame grabber 506, the programmable digital format converter 508, the programmable SBI format converter 510, the programmable digital format converter 512, the programmable Cartesian format converter 514, the programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516, and the programmable SBI to Cartesian converter 518 modules of the programmable SBI/FPA Image Processor with SBI Digital Sample Data Output 500 are implemented using one or more microcontroller processors (which may be independently applied or embedded in an ASIC or FPGA), and may also include one or more discrete electronic support chips. The actual circuit implementation necessary to perform the digital signal processing necessary for color correction, dynamic range control, data mapping and other pixel manipulation processes could be implemented in circuitry and software in a variety of ways that would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.
[0061] The control backplane 522, the Cartesian backplane 524, and the SBI backplane 526 can be discrete backplanes or they can be logical backplanes running on a common physical backplane. Backplane technology is a well developed art and the backplanes could be implemented in circuitry and software in a variety of ways that would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.
[0062] Converting between SBI formatted data streams and Pixel-Oriented video frames
[0063] The dual resonant scanned beam imager is a class of MEMS oscillating mirror imagers with two orthogonal axis of rotation (labeled x and y) that operate in a resonant mode. By convention, the x-axis oscillation is referred to as the fast axis and the y-axis oscillation is referred to as the slow axis. When properly excited, the oscillating mirror causes a beam of light reflected from its surface to trace a geometric pattern known as a Lissajous figure or pattern. Based on the phase relationship of the slow and fast axis oscillation, the basic Lissajous pattern can precess. The number of slow axis cycles required to precess the pattern to an initial spatial point, is called the interleave factor.
x(t) = A sin(Wft + φ/ ) y(t) = Bcos(wst +φs )
[0064] The Lissajous pattern traced by an SBI is spatially repeated after a set number of oscillations on the slow axis (interleave factor). Once a reference point on the complete set of Lissajous patterns is identified, one can view the constant sample time, digital data stream captured at each optical detector as a vector of constant length, the SBI Data Vector (SDVi). The number of samples in the vector (N) is equal to the interleave factor times the period of the slow axis oscillation divided by the sample interval (ts).
Figure imgf000019_0001
[0065] If there are multiple optical detectors sampled coincidently, then the SBI data stream can be viewed as a matrix, the SBI Data Matrix (SDM), that has a row count equal to the number of sampled detectors (M) and a column count equal to the number of samples in each SDV (N). For example, a system of comprising RGB channels plus an additional Fluorescence channel would be as follows.
SDV R SDVG
SDM = SDVB SDV v
[0066] The pixel-oriented video frame is represented as a pixel data matrix (PDM), a two- dimensional matrix with row and column indices that represent the display space. A typical system might have 600 rows (Y) and 800 columns (X). Each point in the data set is a triple representing red (R), green (G), and blue (B) display intensities.
( r0,0 ' §0,0 ' %0 / ( r0 799 ' §0,799 ' ^0,799 )
PDM =
/r599,0 > §599,0 > ^599,0 ) (r199,599 > §799,599 > ^799,599 )_
[0067] In order to conveniently describe matrix operations, it is useful to define a view of the matrix, PDM, that is a vector of length XY, and define that vector as PDV.
[0068] The transformation from matrix to vector representation can be achieved algorithmically. To transform data from the Lissajous SBI space SDM to the Cartesian pixel-oriented space PDM, a transformation matrix is defined. The transformation matrix is a N x XY matrix where N is the number of samples in the SDV; X is the number of horizontal pixels in the Cartesian pixel-oriented space; Y is the number of vertical pixels in the Cartesian pixel-oriented space.
[0069] Referring now to Figure 6 provides a close-up look at the physical situation when converting from the Lissajous space SDM to the Cartesian space PDM. The grey crosses in the imaged area 600 represent the pixels in Cartesian Space mapped with the matrix origin located in the upper left hand corner. Each pixel is represented by conventional Cartesian coordinates (x,y). The solid line is the SBI beam path 602 and represents a portion of a specific trajectory of the dual resonant scanned beam through the imaged area 600. The black diamonds indicate SBI samples 604 taken along that SBI beam path 602. The SBI sample index (j) increases from the top left to bottom right in this depiction. The trajectory of the SBI beam path 602 (with increasing sample index) can be in any direction through a subset of the imaged area 600. Note that in Figure 6 the SBI samples 604 at the top left and bottom right are closer together than the SBI samples 604 in the center of the figure. This difference is shown to reinforce the implications of a constant data-sampling rate applied to resonant (sinusoidal) beams.
[0070] Conversion from Lissajous space SDM to Cartesian space PDM
[0071] In general, conversion from Lissajous space SDM to the Cartesian space PDM can be represented as the matrix multiplication:
[SDV][T] = [PDV]
[0072] If the number of samples in the SDV matrix is N and the size of the Cartesian space is X by Y, then the matrix, SDV, is of dimension I x N, the transformation matrix, T, is of dimension N by (X* Y) and the matrix PDV, is of dimension 1 by X* Y. In Figure 6, we are converting from Lissajous space SDM to the Cartesian space PDM for every sample and pixel, but it is instructive for purposes of illustrating the algorithm to concentrate on a single SBI data sample (m) 606. [0073] The object is to distribute the data from the imaged area 600 at sample m 606 to the associated pixels 608 (those within the circle 610) in the pixel space. The following steps can be used to populate the T matrix:
[0074] Step 1 : Through precise knowledge of the path of the SBI beam (that knowledge is inherent in the scanner drive and positioning system) it is possible to identify the pixel data point closest to the SBI sample, m 606, at t = mΔts from the start of the frame. We denote that pixel with the indices (k,l).
[0075] Step 2: Construct a circle 610 in Cartesian space of radius, rj, over which the data from SBI sample, m 606, is going to be distributed to the associated pixels 608 contained within circle 610.
[0076] Step 3: For each associated pixel 608 (k+s,l+t), where s and t are integers that describe points in Cartesian space located within the circle constructed in step 2:
[0077] a. Compute the length (in Cartesian space), 1, of the vector from the
Cartesian space location of the SBI sample, m 606, to the center of the associated pixel 608, (k+s,l+t).
[0078] b. Calculate a weighting value, w, that is proportional to the length, of the
vector, such as: w = e Vd where:
w is the weighting factor, s is the length of the vector from the SBI data point (m) 606 to the associated pixel 608 of interest
F is a controllable constant that sets how fast the effects of the SBI data falls off as the value of 1 increases.
Td is the radius of the circle 610 over which the data from the SBI sample is being distributed
Other weighting functions as would be known in the art could also be used. [0079] c. Record the value of w into the transformation matrix T at the x,y location of the subject pixel. The location in the matrix will be at the row m and the column which can be derived using the following mapping equations:
[0080] Define a m x n matrix A from which we wish to create a 1 x mn vector
B. Define the operation with the symbol ι— > . Write the mapping as A \→ B . Conceptually, B is a concatenation of each row of A starting at row 0 and ending at row m-1.
[0081] (i) Mathematically, define a function for the conversion of a two- dimensional space to a one-dimensional space:
j = Θ(x,y,m,n) where j is an integer offset from the start of a vector (j=0); x is the traditional display space notion of the horizontal displacement from the origin y is the traditional display space notion of the veritcal displacement from the origin. m is the number of rows in the matrix A n is the number of columns in the matrix A
Use the following instantiation of the function, Θ . j = yn + x where x is a positive integer less than m y is a positive integer less than n
[0082] (ii) Mathematically, define a set of functions for the conversion of a one-dimensional space into a two-dimensional space:
x = Θx( j,m,n) y = Θy(j,m,n) consistent with equation j = yn + x , use the following instantiation of the functions Θxy : x = j % n j - (j % n) n where % is the modulus operator.
[0083] Step 4(optional): It should be recognized that this method creates a sparse matrix,
T. To improve computational efficiency, one can use various methods as are known in the art to create a banded matrix amenable to hardware acceleration or optimized software algorithms.
[0084] Conversion from Cartesian space PDM to Lissajous space SDM
[0085] In general, conversion from Cartesian space PDM to Lissajous space SDM can be represented as a matrix multiplication. In general, one can convert from a imaged area 600 in Cartesian space to a SBI sample vector, m, by solving the matrix equation:
Figure imgf000023_0001
[0086] The equation yields the multi-bit (analog) scan beam vector, SDV, which would result from a multi-bit (analog) Cartesian space matrix, PDM. Note that in cases where the transformation matrix, T, is not square, the creation of the inverse matrix (the result of ,T, being in the denominator) can be computationally challenging. As would be known in the art, linear algebra can be used to accomplish this inversion for rectangular matrices.
[0087] Cartesian frames and FPA frames
[0088] SBI imagers have a wider dynamic range per pixel and generally support more pixels than FPA devices. Therefore, there will not be a one-to-one mapping for each SBI data point to each Cartesian pixel. As would be well known in the art, the conversion process from SBI space to FPA space would therefore be lossy. To decrease loss, especially for image enhancement and storage of raw data purposes, the processor can internally use a much larger Cartesian frame with greater dynamic range than would be output to a monitor or received from an FPA or SBI device, and simply downsample and reduce the dynamic range appropriate to the monitor or storage device prior to outputting the video signal. Such a frame would facilitate a nearly lossless internal conversion between SBI and FPA spaces. It should be noted therefore, that this disclosure contemplates, and the claims should be read in light of, instances where the image processor uses an internal pixel frame that is both equal to, less than, or greater than that of an SBI or FPA pixel- oriented imaging device.
[0089] Conclusion
[0090] The numerous embodiments described above are applicable to a number of different applications. One particular application where the Combined SBI and FPA Image Processor is advantageous is in hospital operating room environments where space near a patient is at a premium and there is no room for multiple monitors, however there are many additional applications that would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
[0091] The embodiments of the invention shown in the drawings and described above are exemplary of numerous embodiments that may be made within the scope of the appended claims. It is contemplated that numerous other configurations of the disclosed system, process, and device for allowing different format imaging devices to use a common high resolution monitor may be created taking advantage of the disclosed approach. It is the applicant's intention that the scope of the patent issuing here from will be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

What is claimed is:
1. An FPA and SBI image processor for FPA and SBI imaging devices, the apparatus comprising:
a first input port adapted for accepting a first SBI formatted digital sample data stream;
a second input port adapted for accepting a video signal from an FPA video source;
an FPA processor for rendering the video signal from the FPA video source to a second SBI formatted digital sample data stream;
a selector for selecting an SBI formatted digital sample data stream from the first or second SBI formatted digital sample data streams for processing;
an SBI processor means for generating processed data by processing the selected SBI formatted digital sample data stream; and
an output port adapted for outputting the processed data.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a high resolution monitor adapted to accept the processed data from the output port.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the high resolution monitor is selected from the group consisting of:
an SBI compatible monitor; and
a pixel-oriented FPA compatible monitor.
4. The apparatus of claim 2 where the high resolution monitor is a wearable heads- up display.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an archive adapted to accept the processed data from the output port.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the archive is selected from the group consisting of:
an SBI compatible archive; and
a pixel-oriented FPA compatible archive.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 where the FPA processor further comprises:
a frame grabber for acquiring an FPA video frame from the video signal; and
a frame mapper for rendering the FPA video frame into an SBI formatted digital sample data stream.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 where the FPA video source is one selected from the group consisting of:
the output of an FPA camera;
the output of a video recording device;
the output of an FPA video processor; and
a computer synthesized video stream.
9. An FPA and SBI image processor that allows both FPA and SBI imaging devices to use a common high resolution monitor and archive, the apparatus comprising:
an input port adapted for accepting a first SBI formatted digital sample data stream;
an input port adapted for accepting a video signal comprised of a first series of pixel-oriented video frames from an FPA video source;
a processor capable of (a) converting the first series of pixel-oriented video frames in the video signal to a second SBI formatted digital sample data stream; (b) rasterizing the first SBI formatted digital sample data stream into a second series of pixel-oriented video frames; (c) selecting a first output from the first SBI formatted digital sample data stream, the second SBI formatted digital sample data streams, the first series of pixel-oriented video frames, and the second series of pixel-oriented video frames; and (d) rendering the first output to a suitable format for the high resolution monitor; and
an output port adapted for outputting the first output to the high resolution monitor.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 where the processor is capable of performing image enhancing algorithms on the first SBI formatted digital sample data stream, the second SBI formatted digital sample data streams, the first series of pixel-oriented video frames, and the second series of pixel-oriented video frames.
11. The apparatus of claim 9 where the output port includes circuitry and a physical connector for connecting to a high resolution pixel-oriented FPA monitor.
12. The apparatus of claim 9 where the output port includes circuitry and a physical connector for connecting to a high resolution SBI monitor.
13. The apparatus of claim 9 where the processor is further capable of (e) selecting a second output from the first SBI formatted digital sample data stream, the second SBI formatted digital sample data streams, the first series of pixel-oriented video frames, and the second series of pixel-oriented video frames; and further comprising:
an archive output port adapted for outputting the second output to the archive device when triggered by a user.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 where the archive output port includes circuitry and a physical connector for connecting to a pixel-oriented archive device.
15. The apparatus of claim 13 where the archive output port includes circuitry and a physical connector for connecting to an SBI archive device.
16. The apparatus of claim 9 where the FPA video source is one selected from the group consisting of:
the output of an FPA camera;
the output of a video recording device;
the output of an FPA video processor; and
a computer synthesized video stream.
17. A method for allowing both an FPA video source and an SBI imaging device to use a common high resolution monitor and archive, the method comprising the steps of:
acquiring, as a first source, a series of pixel-oriented frames of video from the FPA video source;
inputting, as a second source, an SBI formatted digital sample data stream from the SBI imaging device;
selecting, as an output selection, one of the first source and the second source;
outputting the output selection to the high resolution monitor; and
triggering the output selection to be sent to the archive.
18. The method of claim 17, the method further comprising the step:
performing image enhancement processes on the output selection prior to outputting.
19. The method of claim 17, the method further comprising the step:
converting the first source into an SBI format.
20. The method of claim 17, the method further comprising the steps:
rasterizing the second source into a pixel-oriented FPA format; and
rendering the output selection to a suitable high resolution FPA video signal for use with the high resolution monitor.
PCT/US2008/059235 2007-04-13 2008-04-03 Combined sbi and conventional image processor WO2008127881A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/786,858 US7995045B2 (en) 2007-04-13 2007-04-13 Combined SBI and conventional image processor
US11/786,858 2007-04-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008127881A1 true WO2008127881A1 (en) 2008-10-23

Family

ID=39561868

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2008/059235 WO2008127881A1 (en) 2007-04-13 2008-04-03 Combined sbi and conventional image processor

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US7995045B2 (en)
WO (1) WO2008127881A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (205)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8035685B2 (en) * 2007-07-30 2011-10-11 General Electric Company Systems and methods for communicating video data between a mobile imaging system and a fixed monitor system
US8028094B2 (en) * 2007-12-04 2011-09-27 Vixs Systems, Inc. USB video card and dongle device with video encoding and methods for use therewith
US10108079B2 (en) * 2009-05-29 2018-10-23 Soraa Laser Diode, Inc. Laser light source for a vehicle
US8294714B1 (en) * 2009-06-26 2012-10-23 Nvidia Corporation Accelerated rendering with temporally interleaved details
US11871901B2 (en) 2012-05-20 2024-01-16 Cilag Gmbh International Method for situational awareness for surgical network or surgical network connected device capable of adjusting function based on a sensed situation or usage
US20140005640A1 (en) 2012-06-28 2014-01-02 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Surgical end effector jaw and electrode configurations
US11504192B2 (en) 2014-10-30 2022-11-22 Cilag Gmbh International Method of hub communication with surgical instrument systems
EP3235418A4 (en) * 2014-12-15 2018-10-24 Olympus Corporation Display control device and endoscope system
US11144553B2 (en) 2015-11-30 2021-10-12 International Business Machines Corporation Streaming programmable point mapper and compute hardware
US10162936B2 (en) * 2016-03-10 2018-12-25 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Secure real-time healthcare information streaming
CA2949383C (en) * 2016-11-22 2023-09-05 Square Enix, Ltd. Image processing method and computer-readable medium
US11229436B2 (en) 2017-10-30 2022-01-25 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical system comprising a surgical tool and a surgical hub
US11317919B2 (en) 2017-10-30 2022-05-03 Cilag Gmbh International Clip applier comprising a clip crimping system
US11311342B2 (en) 2017-10-30 2022-04-26 Cilag Gmbh International Method for communicating with surgical instrument systems
US11510741B2 (en) 2017-10-30 2022-11-29 Cilag Gmbh International Method for producing a surgical instrument comprising a smart electrical system
US11291510B2 (en) 2017-10-30 2022-04-05 Cilag Gmbh International Method of hub communication with surgical instrument systems
US11911045B2 (en) 2017-10-30 2024-02-27 Cllag GmbH International Method for operating a powered articulating multi-clip applier
US20190125320A1 (en) 2017-10-30 2019-05-02 Ethicon Llc Control system arrangements for a modular surgical instrument
US11801098B2 (en) 2017-10-30 2023-10-31 Cilag Gmbh International Method of hub communication with surgical instrument systems
US11564756B2 (en) 2017-10-30 2023-01-31 Cilag Gmbh International Method of hub communication with surgical instrument systems
US11123070B2 (en) 2017-10-30 2021-09-21 Cilag Gmbh International Clip applier comprising a rotatable clip magazine
US11213359B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-01-04 Cilag Gmbh International Controllers for robot-assisted surgical platforms
US11284936B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-03-29 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical instrument having a flexible electrode
JP7383615B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2023-11-20 エシコン エルエルシー Determining the state of an ultrasonic electromechanical system by frequency shifting
US11559307B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2023-01-24 Cilag Gmbh International Method of robotic hub communication, detection, and control
US10966791B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2021-04-06 Ethicon Llc Cloud-based medical analytics for medical facility segmented individualization of instrument function
WO2019133144A1 (en) 2017-12-28 2019-07-04 Ethicon Llc Detection and escalation of security responses of surgical instruments to increasing severity threats
US10944728B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2021-03-09 Ethicon Llc Interactive surgical systems with encrypted communication capabilities
US11410259B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-08-09 Cilag Gmbh International Adaptive control program updates for surgical devices
US11540855B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2023-01-03 Cilag Gmbh International Controlling activation of an ultrasonic surgical instrument according to the presence of tissue
US10892899B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2021-01-12 Ethicon Llc Self describing data packets generated at an issuing instrument
US20190205567A1 (en) 2017-12-28 2019-07-04 Ethicon Llc Data pairing to interconnect a device measured parameter with an outcome
US11864728B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2024-01-09 Cilag Gmbh International Characterization of tissue irregularities through the use of mono-chromatic light refractivity
US11419667B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-08-23 Cilag Gmbh International Ultrasonic energy device which varies pressure applied by clamp arm to provide threshold control pressure at a cut progression location
US11464535B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-10-11 Cilag Gmbh International Detection of end effector emersion in liquid
US11166772B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2021-11-09 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical hub coordination of control and communication of operating room devices
US10695081B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2020-06-30 Ethicon Llc Controlling a surgical instrument according to sensed closure parameters
US11076921B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2021-08-03 Cilag Gmbh International Adaptive control program updates for surgical hubs
US11179208B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2021-11-23 Cilag Gmbh International Cloud-based medical analytics for security and authentication trends and reactive measures
US11678881B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2023-06-20 Cilag Gmbh International Spatial awareness of surgical hubs in operating rooms
US10755813B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2020-08-25 Ethicon Llc Communication of smoke evacuation system parameters to hub or cloud in smoke evacuation module for interactive surgical platform
US11013563B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2021-05-25 Ethicon Llc Drive arrangements for robot-assisted surgical platforms
US11376002B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-07-05 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical instrument cartridge sensor assemblies
US11896322B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2024-02-13 Cilag Gmbh International Sensing the patient position and contact utilizing the mono-polar return pad electrode to provide situational awareness to the hub
US11857152B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2024-01-02 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical hub spatial awareness to determine devices in operating theater
US11424027B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-08-23 Cilag Gmbh International Method for operating surgical instrument systems
US11589888B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2023-02-28 Cilag Gmbh International Method for controlling smart energy devices
BR112020012938B1 (en) 2017-12-28 2024-01-09 Ethicon Llc ULTRASONIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENT
US11051876B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2021-07-06 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical evacuation flow paths
EP3505126B1 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-06-22 Ethicon LLC Surgical evacuation system with a communication circuit for communication between a filter and a smoke evacuation device
CN111511300B (en) 2017-12-28 2024-01-09 爱惜康有限责任公司 Increasing radio frequency to create a non-pad monopole loop
US11571234B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2023-02-07 Cilag Gmbh International Temperature control of ultrasonic end effector and control system therefor
BR112020012955A2 (en) 2017-12-28 2020-12-01 Ethicon Llc surgical systems with prioritized data transmission capabilities
BR112020013066A2 (en) 2017-12-28 2020-12-01 Ethicon Llc surgical systems to detect irregularities in tissue distribution on the end actuator
WO2019130115A1 (en) 2017-12-28 2019-07-04 Ethicon Llc Surgical instrument with a tissue marking assembly
US20190206555A1 (en) 2017-12-28 2019-07-04 Ethicon Llc Cloud-based medical analytics for customization and recommendations to a user
US11273001B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-03-15 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical hub and modular device response adjustment based on situational awareness
US11109866B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2021-09-07 Cilag Gmbh International Method for circular stapler control algorithm adjustment based on situational awareness
US20190200981A1 (en) 2017-12-28 2019-07-04 Ethicon Llc Method of compressing tissue within a stapling device and simultaneously displaying the location of the tissue within the jaws
US11786245B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2023-10-17 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical systems with prioritized data transmission capabilities
JP7387608B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2023-11-28 エシコン エルエルシー Surgical discharge sensing and generator control
CN111526831A (en) 2017-12-28 2020-08-11 爱惜康有限责任公司 Surgical evacuation sensing and display
US11832899B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2023-12-05 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical systems with autonomously adjustable control programs
WO2019130111A1 (en) 2017-12-28 2019-07-04 Ethicon Llc Interruption of energy due to inadvertent capacitive coupling
WO2019130124A1 (en) 2017-12-28 2019-07-04 Ethicon Llc Smoke evacuation system with a communication circuit for communication between a filter and a smoke evacuation device
US10892995B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2021-01-12 Ethicon Llc Surgical network determination of prioritization of communication, interaction, or processing based on system or device needs
US11304745B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-04-19 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical evacuation sensing and display
US11278281B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-03-22 Cilag Gmbh International Interactive surgical system
US11304763B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-04-19 Cilag Gmbh International Image capturing of the areas outside the abdomen to improve placement and control of a surgical device in use
US11389164B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-07-19 Cilag Gmbh International Method of using reinforced flexible circuits with multiple sensors to optimize performance of radio frequency devices
US11234756B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-02-01 Cilag Gmbh International Powered surgical tool with predefined adjustable control algorithm for controlling end effector parameter
US11659023B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2023-05-23 Cilag Gmbh International Method of hub communication
US11446052B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-09-20 Cilag Gmbh International Variation of radio frequency and ultrasonic power level in cooperation with varying clamp arm pressure to achieve predefined heat flux or power applied to tissue
US11666331B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2023-06-06 Cilag Gmbh International Systems for detecting proximity of surgical end effector to cancerous tissue
US11304699B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-04-19 Cilag Gmbh International Method for adaptive control schemes for surgical network control and interaction
US11529187B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-12-20 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical evacuation sensor arrangements
BR112020013095A2 (en) 2017-12-28 2020-12-01 Ethicon Llc safety systems for intelligent surgical stapling equipped with motor
US11818052B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2023-11-14 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical network determination of prioritization of communication, interaction, or processing based on system or device needs
US11744604B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2023-09-05 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical instrument with a hardware-only control circuit
US11308075B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-04-19 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical network, instrument, and cloud responses based on validation of received dataset and authentication of its source and integrity
MX2020006858A (en) 2017-12-28 2020-08-24 Ethicon Llc Controlling an ultrasonic surgical instrument according to tissue location.
US11903601B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2024-02-20 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical instrument comprising a plurality of drive systems
US20190201140A1 (en) 2017-12-28 2019-07-04 Ethicon Llc Surgical hub situational awareness
CN111512388B (en) 2017-12-28 2024-01-30 爱惜康有限责任公司 Safety system for intelligent electric surgical suture
US11324557B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-05-10 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical instrument with a sensing array
CN111526830A (en) 2017-12-28 2020-08-11 爱惜康有限责任公司 Fume extraction system including segmented control circuit for interactive surgical platform
JP7286654B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2023-06-05 エシコン エルエルシー Controlling the operation of ultrasonic surgical instruments according to the presence of tissue
US10987178B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2021-04-27 Ethicon Llc Surgical hub control arrangements
US20190201146A1 (en) 2017-12-28 2019-07-04 Ethicon Llc Safety systems for smart powered surgical stapling
US11179175B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2021-11-23 Cilag Gmbh International Controlling an ultrasonic surgical instrument according to tissue location
US20190200906A1 (en) 2017-12-28 2019-07-04 Ethicon Llc Dual cmos array imaging
US20190200997A1 (en) 2017-12-28 2019-07-04 Ethicon Llc Stapling device with both compulsory and discretionary lockouts based on sensed parameters
WO2019130117A1 (en) 2017-12-28 2019-07-04 Ethicon Llc Surgical evacuation sensing and motor control
US11896443B2 (en) * 2017-12-28 2024-02-13 Cilag Gmbh International Control of a surgical system through a surgical barrier
CN111566748A (en) 2017-12-28 2020-08-21 爱惜康有限责任公司 Surgical instrument with flexible circuit
US10943454B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2021-03-09 Ethicon Llc Detection and escalation of security responses of surgical instruments to increasing severity threats
US11257589B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-02-22 Cilag Gmbh International Real-time analysis of comprehensive cost of all instrumentation used in surgery utilizing data fluidity to track instruments through stocking and in-house processes
US11304720B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-04-19 Cilag Gmbh International Activation of energy devices
US11291495B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-04-05 Cilag Gmbh International Interruption of energy due to inadvertent capacitive coupling
US11432885B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-09-06 Cilag Gmbh International Sensing arrangements for robot-assisted surgical platforms
US10849697B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2020-12-01 Ethicon Llc Cloud interface for coupled surgical devices
US11364075B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-06-21 Cilag Gmbh International Radio frequency energy device for delivering combined electrical signals
US11100631B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2021-08-24 Cilag Gmbh International Use of laser light and red-green-blue coloration to determine properties of back scattered light
US10932872B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2021-03-02 Ethicon Llc Cloud-based medical analytics for linking of local usage trends with the resource acquisition behaviors of larger data set
US20190201034A1 (en) 2017-12-28 2019-07-04 Ethicon Llc Powered stapling device configured to adjust force, advancement speed, and overall stroke of cutting member based on sensed parameter of firing or clamping
US20190201090A1 (en) 2017-12-28 2019-07-04 Ethicon Llc Capacitive coupled return path pad with separable array elements
US11253315B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-02-22 Cilag Gmbh International Increasing radio frequency to create pad-less monopolar loop
JP7271555B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2023-05-11 エシコン エルエルシー surgical drainage channel
BR112020013026A2 (en) 2017-12-28 2020-11-24 Ethicon Llc provisions for surgical evacuation sensors
WO2019130083A1 (en) 2017-12-28 2019-07-04 Ethicon Llc Controlling a surgical instrument according to sensed closure parameters
CN111526816B (en) 2017-12-28 2024-03-08 爱惜康有限责任公司 Detecting presence of end effector in liquid
US11160605B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2021-11-02 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical evacuation sensing and motor control
US20190201102A1 (en) 2017-12-28 2019-07-04 Ethicon Llc Surgical network recommendations from real time analysis of procedure variables against a baseline highlighting differences from the optimal solution
BR112020012951A2 (en) 2017-12-28 2020-12-01 Ethicon Llc variable output cartridge sensor assembly
US11069012B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2021-07-20 Cilag Gmbh International Interactive surgical systems with condition handling of devices and data capabilities
BR112020013049A2 (en) 2017-12-28 2020-12-01 Ethicon Llc communication of parameters from a smoke evacuation system to a central controller or to the cloud in a smoke evacuation module for interactive surgical platform
US11633237B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2023-04-25 Cilag Gmbh International Usage and technique analysis of surgeon / staff performance against a baseline to optimize device utilization and performance for both current and future procedures
US11311306B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-04-26 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical systems for detecting end effector tissue distribution irregularities
US10758310B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2020-09-01 Ethicon Llc Wireless pairing of a surgical device with another device within a sterile surgical field based on the usage and situational awareness of devices
US11132462B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2021-09-28 Cilag Gmbh International Data stripping method to interrogate patient records and create anonymized record
US11423007B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-08-23 Cilag Gmbh International Adjustment of device control programs based on stratified contextual data in addition to the data
BR112020012556A2 (en) 2017-12-28 2020-11-24 Ethicon Llc surgical instrument that has a flexible electrode
JP7279051B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2023-05-22 エシコン エルエルシー Determining the state of the ultrasonic end effector
WO2019130091A1 (en) 2017-12-28 2019-07-04 Ethicon Llc Capacitive coupled return path pad with separable array elements
CN111527564A (en) 2017-12-28 2020-08-11 爱惜康有限责任公司 Surgical instrument cartridge sensor assembly
US11786251B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2023-10-17 Cilag Gmbh International Method for adaptive control schemes for surgical network control and interaction
US11317937B2 (en) 2018-03-08 2022-05-03 Cilag Gmbh International Determining the state of an ultrasonic end effector
US20190201130A1 (en) 2017-12-28 2019-07-04 Ethicon Llc Communication of data where a surgical network is using context of the data and requirements of a receiving system / user to influence inclusion or linkage of data and metadata to establish continuity
US20190200987A1 (en) 2017-12-28 2019-07-04 Ethicon Llc Variable output cartridge sensor assembly
US11576677B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2023-02-14 Cilag Gmbh International Method of hub communication, processing, display, and cloud analytics
US11096693B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2021-08-24 Cilag Gmbh International Adjustment of staple height of at least one row of staples based on the sensed tissue thickness or force in closing
US11559308B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2023-01-24 Cilag Gmbh International Method for smart energy device infrastructure
US11832840B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2023-12-05 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical instrument having a flexible circuit
US11464559B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-10-11 Cilag Gmbh International Estimating state of ultrasonic end effector and control system therefor
US11202570B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2021-12-21 Cilag Gmbh International Communication hub and storage device for storing parameters and status of a surgical device to be shared with cloud based analytics systems
EP3505095B1 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-07-06 Ethicon LLC Mechanisms for controlling different electromechanical systems of an electrosurgical instrument
US11266468B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-03-08 Cilag Gmbh International Cooperative utilization of data derived from secondary sources by intelligent surgical hubs
JP7282782B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2023-05-29 エシコン エルエルシー System for detecting proximity of surgical end effector to cancerous tissue
US20190200980A1 (en) 2017-12-28 2019-07-04 Ethicon Llc Surgical system for presenting information interpreted from external data
WO2019130108A1 (en) 2017-12-28 2019-07-04 Ethicon Llc Situational awareness of electrosurgical systems
US11147607B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2021-10-19 Cilag Gmbh International Bipolar combination device that automatically adjusts pressure based on energy modality
US11419630B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2022-08-23 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical system distributed processing
WO2019130125A1 (en) 2017-12-28 2019-07-04 Ethicon Llc Dual in-series large and small droplet filters
US20190206561A1 (en) 2017-12-28 2019-07-04 Ethicon Llc Data handling and prioritization in a cloud analytics network
US11771487B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2023-10-03 Cilag Gmbh International Mechanisms for controlling different electromechanical systems of an electrosurgical instrument
US11056244B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2021-07-06 Cilag Gmbh International Automated data scaling, alignment, and organizing based on predefined parameters within surgical networks
US10898622B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2021-01-26 Ethicon Llc Surgical evacuation system with a communication circuit for communication between a filter and a smoke evacuation device
US20190201112A1 (en) 2017-12-28 2019-07-04 Ethicon Llc Computer implemented interactive surgical systems
US11844579B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2023-12-19 Cilag Gmbh International Adjustments based on airborne particle properties
US11672605B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2023-06-13 Cilag Gmbh International Sterile field interactive control displays
US20190201115A1 (en) 2017-12-28 2019-07-04 Ethicon Llc Aggregation and reporting of surgical hub data
US11602393B2 (en) 2017-12-28 2023-03-14 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical evacuation sensing and generator control
US11337746B2 (en) 2018-03-08 2022-05-24 Cilag Gmbh International Smart blade and power pulsing
US11534196B2 (en) 2018-03-08 2022-12-27 Cilag Gmbh International Using spectroscopy to determine device use state in combo instrument
US11259830B2 (en) 2018-03-08 2022-03-01 Cilag Gmbh International Methods for controlling temperature in ultrasonic device
US10973520B2 (en) 2018-03-28 2021-04-13 Ethicon Llc Surgical staple cartridge with firing member driven camming assembly that has an onboard tissue cutting feature
US11219453B2 (en) 2018-03-28 2022-01-11 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical stapling devices with cartridge compatible closure and firing lockout arrangements
US11090047B2 (en) 2018-03-28 2021-08-17 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical instrument comprising an adaptive control system
US11166716B2 (en) 2018-03-28 2021-11-09 Cilag Gmbh International Stapling instrument comprising a deactivatable lockout
US11589865B2 (en) 2018-03-28 2023-02-28 Cilag Gmbh International Methods for controlling a powered surgical stapler that has separate rotary closure and firing systems
US11278280B2 (en) 2018-03-28 2022-03-22 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical instrument comprising a jaw closure lockout
US11096688B2 (en) 2018-03-28 2021-08-24 Cilag Gmbh International Rotary driven firing members with different anvil and channel engagement features
EP3547326A1 (en) 2018-03-28 2019-10-02 Ethicon LLC Method of sensing particulate from smoke evacuated from a patient adjusting the pump speed based on the sensed information, and communicating the functional parameters of the system to the hub
EP3545862A3 (en) 2018-03-28 2019-12-25 Ethicon LLC Method of compressing tissue within a stapling device and simultaneously displaying the location of the tissue within the jaws
US11471156B2 (en) 2018-03-28 2022-10-18 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical stapling devices with improved rotary driven closure systems
EP3545887A1 (en) 2018-03-28 2019-10-02 Ethicon LLC Method for smoke evacuation for surgical hub
US11207067B2 (en) 2018-03-28 2021-12-28 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical stapling device with separate rotary driven closure and firing systems and firing member that engages both jaws while firing
WO2019186501A1 (en) 2018-03-30 2019-10-03 Ethicon Llc Method of sensing particulate from smoke evacuated from a patient, adjusting the pump speed based on the sensed information, and communicating the functional parameters of the system to the hub
CN112533547A (en) 2018-03-30 2021-03-19 爱惜康有限责任公司 Method of compressing tissue within a suturing device while simultaneously displaying the position of the tissue within the jaws
CN111936071A (en) 2018-03-30 2020-11-13 爱惜康有限责任公司 Method for smoke evacuation for surgical hub
BR102019017761A2 (en) 2018-08-28 2020-05-26 Ethicon Llc TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF THE ULTRASONIC END ACTUATOR AND CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THE SAME
US11923084B2 (en) 2018-09-07 2024-03-05 Cilag Gmbh International First and second communication protocol arrangement for driving primary and secondary devices through a single port
US20200078120A1 (en) 2018-09-07 2020-03-12 Ethicon Llc Modular surgical energy system with module positional awareness with digital logic
US20200078071A1 (en) 2018-09-07 2020-03-12 Ethicon Llc Instrument tracking arrangement based on real time clock information
US11804679B2 (en) 2018-09-07 2023-10-31 Cilag Gmbh International Flexible hand-switch circuit
US11471206B2 (en) 2018-09-07 2022-10-18 Cilag Gmbh International Method for controlling a modular energy system user interface
US11421843B2 (en) 2018-12-21 2022-08-23 Kyocera Sld Laser, Inc. Fiber-delivered laser-induced dynamic light system
US11239637B2 (en) 2018-12-21 2022-02-01 Kyocera Sld Laser, Inc. Fiber delivered laser induced white light system
US11259807B2 (en) 2019-02-19 2022-03-01 Cilag Gmbh International Staple cartridges with cam surfaces configured to engage primary and secondary portions of a lockout of a surgical stapling device
US11357503B2 (en) 2019-02-19 2022-06-14 Cilag Gmbh International Staple cartridge retainers with frangible retention features and methods of using same
US11751872B2 (en) 2019-02-19 2023-09-12 Cilag Gmbh International Insertable deactivator element for surgical stapler lockouts
US11369377B2 (en) 2019-02-19 2022-06-28 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical stapling assembly with cartridge based retainer configured to unlock a firing lockout
US11317915B2 (en) 2019-02-19 2022-05-03 Cilag Gmbh International Universal cartridge based key feature that unlocks multiple lockout arrangements in different surgical staplers
US20200305924A1 (en) 2019-03-29 2020-10-01 Ethicon Llc Automatic ultrasonic energy activation circuit design for modular surgical systems
US11218822B2 (en) 2019-03-29 2022-01-04 Cilag Gmbh International Audio tone construction for an energy module of a modular energy system
USD952144S1 (en) 2019-06-25 2022-05-17 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical staple cartridge retainer with firing system authentication key
USD950728S1 (en) 2019-06-25 2022-05-03 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical staple cartridge
USD964564S1 (en) 2019-06-25 2022-09-20 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical staple cartridge retainer with a closure system authentication key
US11013569B2 (en) 2019-06-27 2021-05-25 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical systems with interchangeable motor packs
US11399906B2 (en) 2019-06-27 2022-08-02 Cilag Gmbh International Robotic surgical system for controlling close operation of end-effectors
US11376083B2 (en) 2019-06-27 2022-07-05 Cilag Gmbh International Determining robotic surgical assembly coupling status
US11376082B2 (en) 2019-06-27 2022-07-05 Cilag Gmbh International Robotic surgical system with local sensing of functional parameters based on measurements of multiple physical inputs
US11369443B2 (en) 2019-06-27 2022-06-28 Cilag Gmbh International Method of using a surgical modular robotic assembly
US11607278B2 (en) 2019-06-27 2023-03-21 Cilag Gmbh International Cooperative robotic surgical systems
US11547468B2 (en) 2019-06-27 2023-01-10 Cilag Gmbh International Robotic surgical system with safety and cooperative sensing control
US11278362B2 (en) 2019-06-27 2022-03-22 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical instrument drive systems
US11413102B2 (en) 2019-06-27 2022-08-16 Cilag Gmbh International Multi-access port for surgical robotic systems
US11723729B2 (en) 2019-06-27 2023-08-15 Cilag Gmbh International Robotic surgical assembly coupling safety mechanisms
US11207146B2 (en) 2019-06-27 2021-12-28 Cilag Gmbh International Surgical instrument drive systems with cable-tightening system
US11612445B2 (en) 2019-06-27 2023-03-28 Cilag Gmbh International Cooperative operation of robotic arms
USD928726S1 (en) 2019-09-05 2021-08-24 Cilag Gmbh International Energy module monopolar port
USD928725S1 (en) 2019-09-05 2021-08-24 Cilag Gmbh International Energy module
USD939545S1 (en) 2019-09-05 2021-12-28 Cilag Gmbh International Display panel or portion thereof with graphical user interface for energy module
USD924139S1 (en) 2019-09-05 2021-07-06 Ethicon Llc Energy module with a backplane connector
US11857252B2 (en) 2021-03-30 2024-01-02 Cilag Gmbh International Bezel with light blocking features for modular energy system

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003088643A2 (en) * 2002-04-09 2003-10-23 Microvision, Inc. Scanned beam display system
US20050116038A1 (en) * 2003-11-14 2005-06-02 Lewis John R. Scanned beam imager
US20060195014A1 (en) * 2005-02-28 2006-08-31 University Of Washington Tethered capsule endoscope for Barrett's Esophagus screening

Family Cites Families (317)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3758199A (en) 1971-11-22 1973-09-11 Sperry Rand Corp Piezoelectrically actuated light deflector
US3959582A (en) 1975-03-31 1976-05-25 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Solid state electronically rotatable raster scan for television cameras
US4082635A (en) 1976-08-02 1978-04-04 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Ultraviolet light-curable diacrylate hydantoin adhesive compositions
US4141362A (en) 1977-05-23 1979-02-27 Richard Wolf Gmbh Laser endoscope
US4313431A (en) 1978-12-06 1982-02-02 Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter Haftung Endoscopic apparatus with a laser light conductor
JPS5695902A (en) 1979-12-29 1981-08-03 Toyobo Co Ltd Uv-curable resin composition
JPS56145017U (en) 1980-04-01 1981-11-02
JPS57125731A (en) 1981-01-26 1982-08-05 Olympus Optical Co Illumination system for endoscope
JPS57150939A (en) 1981-03-16 1982-09-17 Olympus Optical Co Endoscope apparatus
JPS57160426A (en) 1981-03-25 1982-10-02 Olympus Optical Co Endoscope apparatus
US4409477A (en) 1981-06-22 1983-10-11 Sanders Associates, Inc. Scanning optical system
JPS5886787A (en) 1981-11-19 1983-05-24 Nippon Sekigaisen Kogyo Kk Laser emitting device
US4576999A (en) 1982-05-06 1986-03-18 General Electric Company Ultraviolet radiation-curable silicone release compositions with epoxy and/or acrylic functionality
US4597380A (en) 1982-09-30 1986-07-01 Laser Industries Ltd. Endoscopic attachment to a surgical laser
US4643967A (en) 1983-07-07 1987-02-17 Bryant Bernard J Antibody method for lowering risk of susceptibility to HLA-associated diseases in future human generations
JPH0741082B2 (en) 1984-09-14 1995-05-10 オリンパス光学工業株式会社 Laser probe
US5318024A (en) 1985-03-22 1994-06-07 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Laser endoscope for spectroscopic imaging
US4872458A (en) 1986-09-16 1989-10-10 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Thermotherapy apparatus
JPH07119893B2 (en) 1986-09-22 1995-12-20 オリンパス光学工業株式会社 Endoscope optical system
US4760840A (en) 1986-12-16 1988-08-02 The Regents Of The University Of California Endoscopic laser instrument
US5251025A (en) 1987-03-05 1993-10-05 Fuji Optical Systems, Inc. Electronic video dental camera
US4803550A (en) 1987-04-17 1989-02-07 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Imaging apparatus having illumination means
US4934773A (en) 1987-07-27 1990-06-19 Reflection Technology, Inc. Miniature video display system
US5003300A (en) 1987-07-27 1991-03-26 Reflection Technology, Inc. Head mounted display for miniature video display system
US5078150A (en) 1988-05-02 1992-01-07 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Spectral diagnosing apparatus with endoscope
US5200819A (en) 1988-05-27 1993-04-06 The University Of Connecticut Multi-dimensional imaging system for endoscope
US5172685A (en) 1988-05-27 1992-12-22 The University Of Connecticut Endoscope and video laser camera system therefor
US4938205A (en) 1988-05-27 1990-07-03 The University Of Connecticut Endoscope with traced raster and elemental photodetectors
US5200838A (en) 1988-05-27 1993-04-06 The University Of Connecticut Lateral effect imaging system
US4902083A (en) 1988-05-31 1990-02-20 Reflection Technology, Inc. Low vibration resonant scanning unit for miniature optical display apparatus
US5048077A (en) 1988-07-25 1991-09-10 Reflection Technology, Inc. Telephone handset with full-page visual display
US5023905A (en) 1988-07-25 1991-06-11 Reflection Technology, Inc. Pocket data receiver with full page visual display
DE3837248A1 (en) 1988-10-28 1990-05-03 Teichmann Heinrich Otto Dr Phy Device for treating skin lesions
US5074860A (en) 1989-06-09 1991-12-24 Heraeus Lasersonics, Inc. Apparatus for directing 10.6 micron laser radiation to a tissue site
US5071417A (en) 1990-06-15 1991-12-10 Rare Earth Medical Lasers, Inc. Laser fusion of biological materials
JP3012341B2 (en) 1990-12-25 2000-02-21 オリンパス光学工業株式会社 Endoscope device
US5163936A (en) 1991-01-22 1992-11-17 Reliant Laser Corp. Endoscopic mirror laser beam delivery system and method for controlling alignment
US5217453A (en) 1991-03-18 1993-06-08 Wilk Peter J Automated surgical system and apparatus
US6485413B1 (en) 1991-04-29 2002-11-26 The General Hospital Corporation Methods and apparatus for forward-directed optical scanning instruments
US5251613A (en) 1991-05-06 1993-10-12 Adair Edwin Lloyd Method of cervical videoscope with detachable camera
US5218195A (en) 1991-06-25 1993-06-08 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Scanning microscope, scanning width detecting device, and magnification indicating apparatus
US5436655A (en) 1991-08-09 1995-07-25 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Endoscope apparatus for three dimensional measurement for scanning spot light to execute three dimensional measurement
US5163945A (en) 1991-10-18 1992-11-17 Ethicon, Inc. Surgical clip applier
AU671607B2 (en) 1991-11-06 1996-09-05 Shui T. Lai Corneal surgery device and method
US5334991A (en) 1992-05-15 1994-08-02 Reflection Technology Dual image head-mounted display
US5192288A (en) 1992-05-26 1993-03-09 Origin Medsystems, Inc. Surgical clip applier
US5370643A (en) 1992-07-06 1994-12-06 Ceramoptec, Inc. Multiple effect laser delivery device and system for medical procedures
US5467104A (en) 1992-10-22 1995-11-14 Board Of Regents Of The University Of Washington Virtual retinal display
US6008781A (en) 1992-10-22 1999-12-28 Board Of Regents Of The University Of Washington Virtual retinal display
US5596339A (en) 1992-10-22 1997-01-21 University Of Washington Virtual retinal display with fiber optic point source
US5562696A (en) 1992-11-12 1996-10-08 Cordis Innovasive Systems, Inc. Visualization trocar
US5735792A (en) 1992-11-25 1998-04-07 Clarus Medical Systems, Inc. Surgical instrument including viewing optics and an atraumatic probe
US5387197A (en) 1993-02-25 1995-02-07 Ethicon, Inc. Trocar safety shield locking mechanism
US5552452A (en) 1993-03-15 1996-09-03 Arch Development Corp. Organic tissue glue for closure of wounds
US5393647A (en) 1993-07-16 1995-02-28 Armand P. Neukermans Method of making superhard tips for micro-probe microscopy and field emission
KR970004845Y1 (en) 1993-09-27 1997-05-21 주식회사 수호메디테크 Stent for expanding a lumen
US6426013B1 (en) 1993-10-18 2002-07-30 Xros, Inc. Method for fabricating micromachined members coupled for relative rotation
US6044705A (en) 1993-10-18 2000-04-04 Xros, Inc. Micromachined members coupled for relative rotation by torsion bars
US6467345B1 (en) 1993-10-18 2002-10-22 Xros, Inc. Method of operating micromachined members coupled for relative rotation
US5629790A (en) 1993-10-18 1997-05-13 Neukermans; Armand P. Micromachined torsional scanner
US5488862A (en) 1993-10-18 1996-02-06 Armand P. Neukermans Monolithic silicon rate-gyro with integrated sensors
JP2703510B2 (en) 1993-12-28 1998-01-26 アドヴァンスド カーディオヴァスキュラー システムズ インコーポレーテッド Expandable stent and method of manufacturing the same
JPH07299029A (en) 1994-03-11 1995-11-14 Olympus Optical Co Ltd Endoscopic device
FR2717365B1 (en) 1994-03-21 1996-05-15 Rech Biolog Et Infrared fluorescence endoscopic or fibroscopic imaging device.
US5590660A (en) 1994-03-28 1997-01-07 Xillix Technologies Corp. Apparatus and method for imaging diseased tissue using integrated autofluorescence
US5823943A (en) 1994-08-02 1998-10-20 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd Light source device for endoscopes
US5531740A (en) 1994-09-06 1996-07-02 Rapistan Demag Corporation Automatic color-activated scanning treatment of dermatological conditions by laser
US5557444A (en) 1994-10-26 1996-09-17 University Of Washington Miniature optical scanner for a two axis scanning system
AUPN066795A0 (en) 1995-01-20 1995-02-16 Macquarie Research Limited Method of repair
US6284185B1 (en) 1995-04-28 2001-09-04 Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha Ultraviolet-curable adhesive composition for bonding opaque substrates
US6017603A (en) 1995-04-28 2000-01-25 Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha Ultraviolet-curing adhesive composition and article
EP0768353A4 (en) 1995-04-28 1998-10-14 Nippon Kayaku Kk Ultraviolet-curing adhesive composition
US5713891A (en) 1995-06-02 1998-02-03 Children's Medical Center Corporation Modified solder for delivery of bioactive substances and methods of use thereof
US5657165A (en) 1995-10-11 1997-08-12 Reflection Technology, Inc. Apparatus and method for generating full-color images using two light sources
US5822486A (en) 1995-11-02 1998-10-13 General Scanning, Inc. Scanned remote imaging method and system and method of determining optimum design characteristics of a filter for use therein
US6749346B1 (en) 1995-11-07 2004-06-15 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Miniature scanning confocal microscope
US5907425A (en) 1995-12-19 1999-05-25 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Miniature scanning confocal microscope
US5742419A (en) 1995-11-07 1998-04-21 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior Universtiy Miniature scanning confocal microscope
US6174424B1 (en) 1995-11-20 2001-01-16 Cirrex Corp. Couplers for optical fibers
US5861549A (en) 1996-12-10 1999-01-19 Xros, Inc. Integrated Silicon profilometer and AFM head
JP2000502468A (en) 1995-12-26 2000-02-29 クセロス・インク Compact document scanner or printer engine
US5895866A (en) 1996-01-22 1999-04-20 Neukermans; Armand P. Micromachined silicon micro-flow meter
JPH09215660A (en) 1996-02-13 1997-08-19 Fuji Photo Optical Co Ltd Image generating device for endoscope
US5742421A (en) 1996-03-01 1998-04-21 Reflection Technology, Inc. Split lens video display system
US5701132A (en) 1996-03-29 1997-12-23 University Of Washington Virtual retinal display with expanded exit pupil
US5728121A (en) 1996-04-17 1998-03-17 Teleflex Medical, Inc. Surgical grasper devices
WO1997041527A1 (en) 1996-05-01 1997-11-06 Xros, Inc. Compact, simple, 2d raster, image-building fingerprint scanner
JPH09299327A (en) 1996-05-15 1997-11-25 Olympus Optical Co Ltd Light source device for endoscope
US6353183B1 (en) 1996-05-23 2002-03-05 The Siemon Company Adapter plate for use with cable adapters
US6013025A (en) 1996-07-11 2000-01-11 Micro Medical Devices, Inc. Integrated illumination and imaging system
US6016440A (en) 1996-07-29 2000-01-18 Bruker Analytik Gmbh Device for infrared (IR) spectroscopic investigations of internal surfaces of a body
US5694237A (en) 1996-09-25 1997-12-02 University Of Washington Position detection of mechanical resonant scanner mirror
US6293911B1 (en) 1996-11-20 2001-09-25 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Fluorescent endoscope system enabling simultaneous normal light observation and fluorescence observation in infrared spectrum
DE19743431B4 (en) 1997-10-01 2011-02-17 Karl Storz Gmbh & Co. Kg Endoscope with composite window
US5782742A (en) 1997-01-31 1998-07-21 Cardiovascular Dynamics, Inc. Radiation delivery balloon
US5867297A (en) 1997-02-07 1999-02-02 The Regents Of The University Of California Apparatus and method for optical scanning with an oscillatory microelectromechanical system
US6059720A (en) 1997-03-07 2000-05-09 Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Endoscope system with amplification of fluorescent image
DE19709861C2 (en) 1997-03-11 1999-04-01 Vitcon Projektconsult Gmbh Device for ablation of material using laser radiation
US5879332A (en) 1997-03-26 1999-03-09 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Trocar having protector with flexible end
EP1012890A1 (en) 1997-04-01 2000-06-28 Xros, Inc. Adjusting operating characteristics of micromachined torsional oscillators
US5982528A (en) 1998-01-20 1999-11-09 University Of Washington Optical scanner having piezoelectric drive
US6049407A (en) 1997-05-05 2000-04-11 University Of Washington Piezoelectric scanner
US6046720A (en) 1997-05-07 2000-04-04 University Of Washington Point source scanning apparatus and method
US6204832B1 (en) 1997-05-07 2001-03-20 University Of Washington Image display with lens array scanning relative to light source array
US5817061A (en) 1997-05-16 1998-10-06 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Trocar assembly
US6366319B1 (en) * 1997-07-03 2002-04-02 Photronics Corp. Subtractive color processing system for digital imaging
EP0996922A4 (en) 1997-07-23 2001-01-17 Xros Inc Improved handheld document scanner
US6608297B2 (en) 1997-07-23 2003-08-19 Xeros, Inc. Scanner document speed encoder
US6229139B1 (en) 1998-07-23 2001-05-08 Xros, Inc. Handheld document scanner
US6056721A (en) 1997-08-08 2000-05-02 Sunscope International, Inc. Balloon catheter and method
US6024744A (en) 1997-08-27 2000-02-15 Ethicon, Inc. Combined bipolar scissor and grasper
US6327493B1 (en) 1997-08-28 2001-12-04 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Light scanning devices of a water-tight structure to be inserted into a body cavity to obtain optical information on inside of a biological tissue
US6086528A (en) 1997-09-11 2000-07-11 Adair; Edwin L. Surgical devices with removable imaging capability and methods of employing same
US6017356A (en) 1997-09-19 2000-01-25 Ethicon Endo-Surgery Inc. Method for using a trocar for penetration and skin incision
US6071308A (en) 1997-10-01 2000-06-06 Boston Scientific Corporation Flexible metal wire stent
FR2769375B1 (en) 1997-10-08 2001-01-19 Univ Joseph Fourier VARIABLE FOCAL LENS
US6207392B1 (en) 1997-11-25 2001-03-27 The Regents Of The University Of California Semiconductor nanocrystal probes for biological applications and process for making and using such probes
US6221068B1 (en) 1998-01-15 2001-04-24 Northwestern University Method for welding tissue
US6154321A (en) 1998-01-20 2000-11-28 University Of Washington Virtual retinal display with eye tracking
US6097353A (en) 1998-01-20 2000-08-01 University Of Washington Augmented retinal display with view tracking and data positioning
US5982555A (en) 1998-01-20 1999-11-09 University Of Washington Virtual retinal display with eye tracking
US5913591A (en) 1998-01-20 1999-06-22 University Of Washington Augmented imaging using a silhouette to improve contrast
US5995264A (en) 1998-01-20 1999-11-30 University Of Washington Counter balanced optical scanner
KR20010040418A (en) 1998-01-26 2001-05-15 자밀라 제트. 허벡 Fluorescence imaging endoscope
US6364829B1 (en) 1999-01-26 2002-04-02 Newton Laboratories, Inc. Autofluorescence imaging system for endoscopy
DE19804797A1 (en) 1998-02-07 1999-08-12 Storz Karl Gmbh & Co Device for endoscopic fluorescence diagnosis of tissue
US6043799A (en) 1998-02-20 2000-03-28 University Of Washington Virtual retinal display with scanner array for generating multiple exit pupils
WO1999047041A1 (en) 1998-03-19 1999-09-23 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Fiber-optic confocal imaging apparatus and methods of use
AU3475099A (en) 1998-04-06 1999-10-25 Cornell Research Foundation Inc. Composition for tissue welding and method of use
US6462770B1 (en) 1998-04-20 2002-10-08 Xillix Technologies Corp. Imaging system with automatic gain control for reflectance and fluorescence endoscopy
US6200595B1 (en) 1998-04-24 2001-03-13 Kuraray Co., Ltd. Medical adhesive
US5903397A (en) 1998-05-04 1999-05-11 University Of Washington Display with multi-surface eyepiece
US6172789B1 (en) 1999-01-14 2001-01-09 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Light scanning device and confocal optical device using the same
AUPP421498A0 (en) 1998-06-18 1998-07-09 Macquarie Research Limited Method of tissue repair
AUPP484998A0 (en) 1998-07-24 1998-08-20 Krone Aktiengesellschaft Electrical connector
US6583772B1 (en) 1998-08-05 2003-06-24 Microvision, Inc. Linked scanner imaging system and method
US6151167A (en) 1998-08-05 2000-11-21 Microvision, Inc. Scanned display with dual signal fiber transmission
US6417502B1 (en) 1998-08-05 2002-07-09 Microvision, Inc. Millimeter wave scanning imaging system having central reflectors
US7098871B1 (en) 1998-08-05 2006-08-29 Microvision, Inc. Optical scanning system with correction
US6937221B2 (en) 1998-08-05 2005-08-30 Microvision, Inc. Scanned beam display
US7312765B2 (en) 1998-08-05 2007-12-25 Microvision, Inc. Display system and method for reducing the magnitude of or eliminating a visual artifact caused by a shift in a viewer's gaze
US6140979A (en) 1998-08-05 2000-10-31 Microvision, Inc. Scanned display with pinch, timing, and distortion correction
US20020075210A1 (en) 1998-08-05 2002-06-20 Microvision, Inc. Low light viewer with image simulation
US6396461B1 (en) 1998-08-05 2002-05-28 Microvision, Inc. Personal display with vision tracking
US20020015724A1 (en) 1998-08-10 2002-02-07 Chunlin Yang Collagen type i and type iii hemostatic compositions for use as a vascular sealant and wound dressing
KR100620341B1 (en) 1998-09-02 2006-09-13 엑스로스, 인크. Micromachined structures coupled for relative rotation by torsional flexure hinges
US6741884B1 (en) 1998-09-03 2004-05-25 Hypermed, Inc. Infrared endoscopic balloon probes
FR2783330B1 (en) 1998-09-15 2002-06-14 Assist Publ Hopitaux De Paris DEVICE FOR OBSERVING THE INTERIOR OF A BODY PRODUCING AN IMPROVED OBSERVATION QUALITY
US6276798B1 (en) 1998-09-29 2001-08-21 Applied Spectral Imaging, Ltd. Spectral bio-imaging of the eye
US6178346B1 (en) 1998-10-23 2001-01-23 David C. Amundson Infrared endoscopic imaging in a liquid with suspended particles: method and apparatus
US6373995B1 (en) 1998-11-05 2002-04-16 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for processing image data acquired by an optical scanning device
US6191761B1 (en) 1998-11-09 2001-02-20 University Of Washington Method and apparatus for determining optical distance
US6281862B1 (en) 1998-11-09 2001-08-28 University Of Washington Scanned beam display with adjustable accommodation
US6333110B1 (en) 1998-11-10 2001-12-25 Bio-Pixels Ltd. Functionalized nanocrystals as visual tissue-specific imaging agents, and methods for fluorescence imaging
US6057952A (en) 1999-01-14 2000-05-02 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Light scanning device and confocal optical device using the same
US7018401B1 (en) 1999-02-01 2006-03-28 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Woven intravascular devices and methods for making the same and apparatus for delivery of the same
US6179776B1 (en) 1999-03-12 2001-01-30 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Controllable endoscopic sheath apparatus and related method of use
US6464363B1 (en) 1999-03-17 2002-10-15 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Variable mirror, optical apparatus and decentered optical system which include variable mirror, variable-optical characteristic optical element or combination thereof
US6285897B1 (en) 1999-04-07 2001-09-04 Endonetics, Inc. Remote physiological monitoring system
US6674993B1 (en) 1999-04-30 2004-01-06 Microvision, Inc. Method and system for identifying data locations associated with real world observations
US6902527B1 (en) 1999-05-18 2005-06-07 Olympus Corporation Endoscope system with charge multiplying imaging device and automatic gain control
JP2000329690A (en) 1999-05-20 2000-11-30 Olympus Optical Co Ltd Light scanning confocal, optical, apparatus
US6294775B1 (en) 1999-06-08 2001-09-25 University Of Washington Miniature image acquistion system using a scanning resonant waveguide
US6563105B2 (en) 1999-06-08 2003-05-13 University Of Washington Image acquisition with depth enhancement
US7035475B1 (en) * 1999-06-17 2006-04-25 Raytheon Company Non-traditional adaptive non-uniformity compensation (ADNUC) system employing adaptive feedforward shunting and operating methods therefor
US6527708B1 (en) 1999-07-02 2003-03-04 Pentax Corporation Endoscope system
JP2001021775A (en) 1999-07-09 2001-01-26 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd Optical device
US6795221B1 (en) 1999-08-05 2004-09-21 Microvision, Inc. Scanned display with switched feeds and distortion correction
US6445362B1 (en) 1999-08-05 2002-09-03 Microvision, Inc. Scanned display with variation compensation
US7262765B2 (en) 1999-08-05 2007-08-28 Microvision, Inc. Apparatuses and methods for utilizing non-ideal light sources
US6882462B2 (en) 2002-11-01 2005-04-19 Microvision, Inc. Resonant scanner with asymmetric mass distribution
US6245590B1 (en) 1999-08-05 2001-06-12 Microvision Inc. Frequency tunable resonant scanner and method of making
US6525310B2 (en) 1999-08-05 2003-02-25 Microvision, Inc. Frequency tunable resonant scanner
US6331909B1 (en) 1999-08-05 2001-12-18 Microvision, Inc. Frequency tunable resonant scanner
US6661393B2 (en) 1999-08-05 2003-12-09 Microvision, Inc. Scanned display with variation compensation
US6256131B1 (en) 1999-08-05 2001-07-03 Microvision Inc. Active tuning of a torsional resonant structure
US6433907B1 (en) 1999-08-05 2002-08-13 Microvision, Inc. Scanned display with plurality of scanning assemblies
US6654158B2 (en) 2001-04-20 2003-11-25 Microvision, Inc. Frequency tunable resonant scanner with auxiliary arms
US6515781B2 (en) 1999-08-05 2003-02-04 Microvision, Inc. Scanned imaging apparatus with switched feeds
US6924476B2 (en) 2002-11-25 2005-08-02 Microvision, Inc. Resonant beam scanner with raster pinch compensation
US6384406B1 (en) 1999-08-05 2002-05-07 Microvision, Inc. Active tuning of a torsional resonant structure
US6285489B1 (en) 1999-08-05 2001-09-04 Microvision Inc. Frequency tunable resonant scanner with auxiliary arms
US6653621B2 (en) 2001-03-23 2003-11-25 Microvision, Inc. Frequency tunable resonant scanner and method of making
US6362912B1 (en) 1999-08-05 2002-03-26 Microvision, Inc. Scanned imaging apparatus with switched feeds
JP2001046321A (en) 1999-08-09 2001-02-20 Asahi Optical Co Ltd Endoscope device
CN1189958C (en) 1999-10-22 2005-02-16 三洋电机株式会社 Method for producing electrode for lithium secondary cell
US6435637B1 (en) 1999-10-29 2002-08-20 Scitex Digital Printing, Inc. Fluid and vacuum control in an ink jet printing system
US6545260B1 (en) 1999-11-19 2003-04-08 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Light scanning optical device which acquires a high resolution two-dimensional image without employing a charge-coupled device
US6603552B1 (en) 1999-12-22 2003-08-05 Xillix Technologies Corp. Portable system for detecting skin abnormalities based on characteristic autofluorescence
AU2001227809A1 (en) 2000-01-12 2001-07-24 Lasersight Technologies, Inc. Laser fluence compensation of a curved surface
US20020071169A1 (en) 2000-02-01 2002-06-13 Bowers John Edward Micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) mirror device
CN1302754C (en) 2000-02-04 2007-03-07 康曼德公司 Surgical clip applier
US6478809B1 (en) 2000-02-04 2002-11-12 Gregory R. Brotz Suture and method of use
WO2001059751A1 (en) 2000-02-10 2001-08-16 Sony Corporation Image processing device and method, and recording medium
KR20030025222A (en) 2000-03-08 2003-03-28 기븐 이미징 리미티드 A device and system for in vivo imaging
US6351580B1 (en) 2000-03-27 2002-02-26 Jds Uniphase Corporation Microelectromechanical devices having brake assemblies therein to control movement of optical shutters and other movable elements
JP3879384B2 (en) 2000-03-31 2007-02-14 株式会社日立製作所 Method of providing information for predicting thinning, computer-readable recording medium in which a program for predicting thinning is recorded, and method for planning a piping work plan
IT1317708B1 (en) 2000-05-29 2003-07-15 Ideamatic S R L DISTRIBUTOR OF REFRIGERATED BEVERAGES, PARTICULARLY DESIGNED FOR THE DISPENSING OF FRUIT JUICES, TEA, MINERAL WATER, WINES AND SIMILAR.
US6975898B2 (en) 2000-06-19 2005-12-13 University Of Washington Medical imaging, diagnosis, and therapy using a scanning single optical fiber system
US7555333B2 (en) 2000-06-19 2009-06-30 University Of Washington Integrated optical scanning image acquisition and display
US7242833B2 (en) 2000-07-10 2007-07-10 University Health Network Method and apparatus for high resolution coherent optical imaging
US6494578B1 (en) 2000-07-13 2002-12-17 The Regents Of The University Of California Virtual reality peripheral vision scotoma screening
WO2002007587A2 (en) 2000-07-14 2002-01-31 Xillix Technologies Corporation Compact fluorescent endoscopy video system
US6340344B1 (en) 2000-07-18 2002-01-22 Evergreen Medical Incorporated Endoscope with a removable suction tube
US20030032143A1 (en) 2000-07-24 2003-02-13 Neff Thomas B. Collagen type I and type III compositions for use as an adhesive and sealant
US6441356B1 (en) 2000-07-28 2002-08-27 Optical Biopsy Technologies Fiber-coupled, high-speed, angled-dual-axis optical coherence scanning microscopes
US6423956B1 (en) 2000-07-28 2002-07-23 Optical Biopsy Technologies Fiber-coupled, high-speed, integrated, angled-dual-axis confocal scanning microscopes employing vertical cross-section scanning
US7002583B2 (en) 2000-08-03 2006-02-21 Stono Technologies, Llc Display of images and image transitions
US20020050956A1 (en) 2000-09-11 2002-05-02 Microvision, Inc. Scanned display with pinch, timing, and distortion correction
IL138683A0 (en) 2000-09-25 2001-10-31 Vital Medical Ltd Apparatus and method for monitoring tissue vitality parameters
US6425900B1 (en) 2000-10-19 2002-07-30 Ethicon Endo-Surgery Method for attaching hernia mesh
US6447524B1 (en) 2000-10-19 2002-09-10 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Fastener for hernia mesh fixation
US6369928B1 (en) 2000-11-01 2002-04-09 Optical Biopsy Technologies, Inc. Fiber-coupled, angled-dual-illumination-axis confocal scanning microscopes for performing reflective and two-photon fluorescence imaging
US6529770B1 (en) 2000-11-17 2003-03-04 Valentin Grimblatov Method and apparatus for imaging cardiovascular surfaces through blood
US6856712B2 (en) 2000-11-27 2005-02-15 University Of Washington Micro-fabricated optical waveguide for use in scanning fiber displays and scanned fiber image acquisition
US6845190B1 (en) 2000-11-27 2005-01-18 University Of Washington Control of an optical fiber scanner
US6414779B1 (en) 2000-11-30 2002-07-02 Opeical Biopsy Technologies, Inc. Integrated angled-dual-axis confocal scanning endoscopes
US7193758B2 (en) 2001-02-06 2007-03-20 Microvision, Inc. Scanner and method for sweeping a beam across a target
US20020115922A1 (en) 2001-02-12 2002-08-22 Milton Waner Infrared assisted monitoring of a catheter
US6771001B2 (en) 2001-03-16 2004-08-03 Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. Bi-stable electrostatic comb drive with automatic braking
KR100457630B1 (en) 2001-04-04 2004-11-18 (주) 태웅메디칼 Flexible self-expandable stent and methods for making the stent for lumen
US7033348B2 (en) 2001-04-10 2006-04-25 The Research Foundation Of The City University Of New York Gelatin based on Power-gel™ as solders for Cr4+laser tissue welding and sealing of lung air leak and fistulas in organs
US7616986B2 (en) 2001-05-07 2009-11-10 University Of Washington Optical fiber scanner for performing multimodal optical imaging
US7180555B2 (en) 2001-05-15 2007-02-20 Microvision, Inc. System and method for producing an image with a screen using erase (off) and image (on) light sources
US7180556B2 (en) 2001-05-15 2007-02-20 Microvision, Inc. System and method for capturing, transmitting, and displaying an image
US6755536B2 (en) 2001-05-15 2004-06-29 Microvision, Inc. System and method for displaying/projecting a color image
US6639719B2 (en) 2001-05-15 2003-10-28 Microvision, Inc. System and method for using multiple beams to respectively scan multiple regions of an image
US6888552B2 (en) 2001-06-08 2005-05-03 University Of Southern California High dynamic range image editing
JP2003010099A (en) 2001-06-29 2003-01-14 Olympus Optical Co Ltd Endoscope
US7091647B2 (en) 2001-07-31 2006-08-15 Coherent, Inc. Micromechanical device having braking mechanism
US7023402B2 (en) 2001-09-21 2006-04-04 Microvision, Inc. Scanned display with pinch, timing, and distortion correction
US6939364B1 (en) 2001-10-09 2005-09-06 Tissue Adhesive Technologies, Inc. Composite tissue adhesive
US20070167681A1 (en) 2001-10-19 2007-07-19 Gill Thomas J Portable imaging system employing a miniature endoscope
US6954308B2 (en) 2001-11-02 2005-10-11 Microvision, Inc. Apparatus and methods for generating multiple exit-pupil images in an expanded exit pupil
AU2002353945A1 (en) 2001-11-02 2003-05-19 Microvision, Inc. Display system with means for generating multiple exit-pupil images in an expanded exit pupil
US6768588B2 (en) 2001-11-02 2004-07-27 Microvision, Inc. Apparatus and methods for generating multiple exit-pupil images in an expanded exit pupil
WO2003039350A2 (en) 2001-11-09 2003-05-15 Cardio-Optics, Inc. Direct, real-time imaging guidance of cardiac catheterization
US20030092995A1 (en) 2001-11-13 2003-05-15 Medtronic, Inc. System and method of positioning implantable medical devices
AU2002357155A1 (en) 2001-12-10 2003-06-23 Carnegie Mellon University Endoscopic imaging system
US6879428B2 (en) 2001-12-26 2005-04-12 Intermec Ip Corp. Frame grabbing with laser scanner with sweeping by silicon planar electrostatics actuator
US8423110B2 (en) 2002-01-09 2013-04-16 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Imaging device and related methods
JP2003204920A (en) 2002-01-11 2003-07-22 Olympus Optical Co Ltd Insertion assisting tool
US6899675B2 (en) 2002-01-15 2005-05-31 Xillix Technologies Corp. Fluorescence endoscopy video systems with no moving parts in the camera
US7015956B2 (en) 2002-01-25 2006-03-21 Omnivision Technologies, Inc. Method of fast automatic exposure or gain control in a MOS image sensor
JP4662713B2 (en) 2002-02-14 2011-03-30 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ Variable focus lens
GB2385735B (en) 2002-02-21 2003-12-31 Keymed Image capture and display system
JP4146654B2 (en) * 2002-02-28 2008-09-10 株式会社リコー Image processing circuit, composite image processing circuit, and image forming apparatus
US6985271B2 (en) 2002-03-12 2006-01-10 Corning Incorporated Pointing angle control of electrostatic micro mirrors
US6513939B1 (en) 2002-03-18 2003-02-04 Nortel Networks Limited Micro-mirrors with variable focal length, and optical components comprising micro-mirrors
US6894823B2 (en) 2002-04-26 2005-05-17 Corning Intellisense Llc Magnetically actuated microelectromechanical devices and method of manufacture
US7580007B2 (en) 2002-05-17 2009-08-25 Microvision, Inc. Apparatus and method for bi-directionally sweeping an image beam in the vertical dimension and related apparati and methods
US7400432B2 (en) 2002-05-17 2008-07-15 Microvision, Inc. Scanning-mirror structure having a cut or a composite design to reduce deformation of the mirror face, and related system and method
US20030216729A1 (en) 2002-05-20 2003-11-20 Marchitto Kevin S. Device and method for wound healing and uses therefor
EP1532662A2 (en) 2002-06-26 2005-05-25 Innovations in Optics, Inc. Scanning light source system
US7025777B2 (en) 2002-07-31 2006-04-11 Unison Therapeutics, Inc. Flexible and conformable stent and method of forming same
US7108656B2 (en) 2002-08-06 2006-09-19 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Endoscope apparatus
US7038829B2 (en) 2002-09-25 2006-05-02 Corning Magnetic damping for MEMS rotational devices
US7233817B2 (en) 2002-11-01 2007-06-19 Brian Yen Apparatus and method for pattern delivery of radiation and biological characteristic analysis
US7071594B1 (en) 2002-11-04 2006-07-04 Microvision, Inc. MEMS scanner with dual magnetic and capacitive drive
US6782748B2 (en) 2002-11-12 2004-08-31 Honeywell International, Inc. High-G acceleration protection by caging
US20040101822A1 (en) 2002-11-26 2004-05-27 Ulrich Wiesner Fluorescent silica-based nanoparticles
US7339148B2 (en) 2002-12-16 2008-03-04 Olympus America Inc. Confocal microscope
KR100628455B1 (en) 2002-12-21 2006-09-28 주식회사 이오테크닉스 Chip-scale marker and marking method
EP1597536A2 (en) 2003-01-20 2005-11-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Interferometric measuring device
US7501133B2 (en) 2003-01-24 2009-03-10 Rose-Hulman Institute Of Technology Light-activated adhesive composite, system, and methods of use thereof
US7068878B2 (en) 2003-01-24 2006-06-27 University Of Washington Optical beam scanning system for compact image display or image acquisition
TW570301U (en) 2003-02-13 2004-01-01 Shang-Hua You Adhesive type LED lead frame
US6866730B2 (en) 2003-03-21 2005-03-15 General Motors Corporation Metallic-based adhesion materials
US20040225222A1 (en) 2003-05-08 2004-11-11 Haishan Zeng Real-time contemporaneous multimodal imaging and spectroscopy uses thereof
US7065301B2 (en) 2003-05-08 2006-06-20 Sioptical, Inc. High speed, silicon-based electro-optic modulator
US7129473B2 (en) 2003-05-16 2006-10-31 Olympus Corporation Optical image pickup apparatus for imaging living body tissue
US7000818B2 (en) 2003-05-20 2006-02-21 Ethicon, Endo-Surger, Inc. Surgical stapling instrument having separate distinct closing and firing systems
JP4870324B2 (en) 2003-05-23 2012-02-08 株式会社吉見製作所 Shape memory alloy cast member and method of manufacturing the same
US7448995B2 (en) * 2003-06-23 2008-11-11 Microvision, Inc. Scanning endoscope
US6786382B1 (en) 2003-07-09 2004-09-07 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Surgical stapling instrument incorporating an articulation joint for a firing bar track
US7066879B2 (en) 2003-07-15 2006-06-27 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York Insertable device and system for minimal access procedure
US7214195B2 (en) 2003-07-23 2007-05-08 Lockheed Martin Corporation Method of and apparatus for detecting diseased tissue by sensing two bands of infrared radiation
US7428997B2 (en) 2003-07-29 2008-09-30 Microvision, Inc. Method and apparatus for illuminating a field-of-view and capturing an image
US20050038322A1 (en) 2003-08-11 2005-02-17 Scimed Life Systems Imaging endoscope
WO2005034747A1 (en) 2003-09-15 2005-04-21 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Medical imaging systems
US6905057B2 (en) 2003-09-29 2005-06-14 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Surgical stapling instrument incorporating a firing mechanism having a linked rack transmission
US7840253B2 (en) 2003-10-17 2010-11-23 Medtronic Navigation, Inc. Method and apparatus for surgical navigation
US20070197875A1 (en) 2003-11-14 2007-08-23 Osaka Shoji Endoscope device and imaging method using the same
US6967757B1 (en) 2003-11-24 2005-11-22 Sandia Corporation Microelectromechanical mirrors and electrically-programmable diffraction gratings based on two-stage actuation
US7013730B2 (en) 2003-12-15 2006-03-21 Honeywell International, Inc. Internally shock caged serpentine flexure for micro-machined accelerometer
US20050187441A1 (en) 2004-01-19 2005-08-25 Kenji Kawasaki Laser-scanning examination apparatus
US7125128B2 (en) 2004-01-26 2006-10-24 Nikon Corporation Adaptive-optics actuator arrays and methods for using such arrays
JP2005224528A (en) 2004-02-16 2005-08-25 Olympus Corp Endoscope
KR100583250B1 (en) 2004-03-05 2006-05-24 한국전기연구원 Fluorecence endoscope having improved image detection module
US7654997B2 (en) 2004-04-21 2010-02-02 Acclarent, Inc. Devices, systems and methods for diagnosing and treating sinusitus and other disorders of the ears, nose and/or throat
CA2565638A1 (en) 2004-05-03 2005-11-10 Woodwelding Ag Light diffuser and process for producing the same
US7096741B2 (en) 2004-07-14 2006-08-29 Jds Uniphase Corporation Method and system for reducing operational shock sensitivity of MEMS devices
WO2006020605A2 (en) 2004-08-10 2006-02-23 The Regents Of The University Of California Device and method for the delivery and/or elimination of compounds in tissue
US7271383B2 (en) 2004-08-11 2007-09-18 Lexmark International, Inc. Scanning system with feedback for a MEMS oscillating scanner
US7189961B2 (en) 2005-02-23 2007-03-13 University Of Washington Scanning beam device with detector assembly
US7576865B2 (en) 2005-04-18 2009-08-18 Zhongping Chen Optical coherent tomographic (OCT) imaging apparatus and method using a fiber bundle
US8084001B2 (en) 2005-05-02 2011-12-27 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. Photoluminescent silica-based sensors and methods of use
JP2007029603A (en) 2005-07-29 2007-02-08 Fujinon Corp Optical diagnostic treatment apparatus
JP5114024B2 (en) 2005-08-31 2013-01-09 オリンパス株式会社 Optical imaging device
US20070156021A1 (en) 2005-09-14 2007-07-05 Bradford Morse Remote imaging apparatus having an adaptive lens
US20070078500A1 (en) 2005-09-30 2007-04-05 Cornova, Inc. Systems and methods for analysis and treatment of a body lumen
US20070161876A1 (en) 2005-11-18 2007-07-12 Spectrx, Inc. Method and apparatus for rapid detection and diagnosis of tissue abnormalities
DE102005059550A1 (en) 2005-12-13 2007-06-14 Siemens Ag Optical measuring device for measuring inner wall of e.g. ear channel, in animal, has rotatable reflector rotatable around rotary axis so that inner wall of cavity is scanned along line circulating rotary axis
US20070135770A1 (en) 2005-12-13 2007-06-14 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Endoscopic device stabilizer
US7547277B2 (en) 2005-12-15 2009-06-16 Microvision, Inc. Method and apparatus for calibrating an endoscope system
US8033284B2 (en) 2006-01-11 2011-10-11 Curaelase, Inc. Therapeutic laser treatment
US20070213618A1 (en) 2006-01-17 2007-09-13 University Of Washington Scanning fiber-optic nonlinear optical imaging and spectroscopy endoscope
JP5044126B2 (en) 2006-02-23 2012-10-10 オリンパス株式会社 Endoscope observation apparatus and operation method of endoscope for image formation
US20070238930A1 (en) 2006-02-27 2007-10-11 Wiklof Christopher A Endoscope tips, scanned beam endoscopes using same, and methods of use
JP4954573B2 (en) 2006-02-28 2012-06-20 オリンパス株式会社 Endoscope system
JP2007244590A (en) 2006-03-15 2007-09-27 Olympus Medical Systems Corp Imaging system
JP5080014B2 (en) 2006-03-16 2012-11-21 オリンパスメディカルシステムズ株式会社 Imaging system
US7435217B2 (en) 2006-04-17 2008-10-14 Microvision, Inc. Scanned beam imagers and endoscopes with positionable light collector
US20070260121A1 (en) 2006-05-08 2007-11-08 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Endoscopic Translumenal Surgical Systems
US20070260273A1 (en) 2006-05-08 2007-11-08 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Endoscopic Translumenal Surgical Systems
US7501616B2 (en) * 2006-05-25 2009-03-10 Microvision, Inc. Method and apparatus for capturing an image of a moving object
US20080058629A1 (en) 2006-08-21 2008-03-06 University Of Washington Optical fiber scope with both non-resonant illumination and resonant collection/imaging for multiple modes of operation

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003088643A2 (en) * 2002-04-09 2003-10-23 Microvision, Inc. Scanned beam display system
US20050116038A1 (en) * 2003-11-14 2005-06-02 Lewis John R. Scanned beam imager
US20060195014A1 (en) * 2005-02-28 2006-08-31 University Of Washington Tethered capsule endoscope for Barrett's Esophagus screening

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7995045B2 (en) 2011-08-09
US20080252778A1 (en) 2008-10-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7995045B2 (en) Combined SBI and conventional image processor
US7982776B2 (en) SBI motion artifact removal apparatus and method
JP2019071609A (en) Super-resolution and color motion artifact correction in pulse color imaging system
US5812187A (en) Electronic endoscope apparatus
JP3382973B2 (en) Electronic endoscope device
US20140015933A1 (en) Image processing apparatus, imaging system, and image processing system
US8587644B2 (en) Image processing apparatus for endoscope
US6678000B1 (en) High resolution still-image capture apparatus that shifts pixels by plus or minus two-thirds pixel pitch
US20150153559A1 (en) Image processing apparatus, imaging system, and image processing system
US20050174428A1 (en) Electronic endoscope apparatus capable of converting images into HDTV system
CN1682648A (en) Electronic endoscope apparatus
EP0836330A2 (en) Colour imaging apparatus
KR20140103171A (en) Image processing device, image processing system, image processing method, and image processing program
CA2530187A1 (en) Panoramic video system with real-time distortion-free imaging
JPH09261535A (en) Image pickup device
EP3534620A1 (en) Signal processing device and method, and program
US5764285A (en) Imaging apparatus having area sensor and line sensor
US6429953B1 (en) Super resolution scanning using color multiplexing of image capture devices
US20130265322A1 (en) Image processing apparatus, image processing system, image processing method, and image processing program
JP3262893B2 (en) Endoscope image display device
CN109218631A (en) Image sensor apparatus and operating method thereof
US4933758A (en) Signal processing apparatus with a movement detecting device and an outline enhancement device
JPH07322149A (en) Image pickup device
Harris et al. Display and analysis of tomographic volumetric images utilizing a vari-focal mirror
CN102054460A (en) Display equipment

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 08745004

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 08745004

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1