WO2008127881A1 - Combined sbi and conventional image processor - Google Patents
Combined sbi and conventional image processor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008127881A1 WO2008127881A1 PCT/US2008/059235 US2008059235W WO2008127881A1 WO 2008127881 A1 WO2008127881 A1 WO 2008127881A1 US 2008059235 W US2008059235 W US 2008059235W WO 2008127881 A1 WO2008127881 A1 WO 2008127881A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sbi
- fpa
- video
- pixel
- oriented
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N3/00—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages
- H04N3/10—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical
- H04N3/30—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical otherwise than with constant velocity or otherwise than in pattern formed by unidirectional, straight, substantially horizontal or vertical lines
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
- H04N23/555—Constructional details for picking-up images in sites, inaccessible due to their dimensions or hazardous conditions, e.g. endoscopes or borescopes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
- A61B1/042—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances characterised by a proximal camera, e.g. a CCD camera
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2340/00—Aspects of display data processing
- G09G2340/04—Changes in size, position or resolution of an image
- G09G2340/0407—Resolution change, inclusive of the use of different resolutions for different screen areas
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2360/00—Aspects of the architecture of display systems
- G09G2360/02—Graphics controller able to handle multiple formats, e.g. input or output formats
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2360/00—Aspects of the architecture of display systems
- G09G2360/18—Use of a frame buffer in a display terminal, inclusive of the display panel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2370/00—Aspects of data communication
- G09G2370/12—Use of DVI or HDMI protocol in interfaces along the display data pipeline
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to systems, devices, and methods for rendering Scanned Bean Imager (SBI) and Focal Plane Array (FPA) image data into a common format for display on a high resolution monitor and storage on a common system.
- SBI Scanned Bean Imager
- FPA Focal Plane Array
- Imaging devices can have different native resolutions and frame rates.
- Focal Plane Array (FPA) devices typically use Charge Coupled Device (CCD) technology to capture an entire image, or frame, all at once.
- CCD Charge Coupled Device
- these CCD-type imagers capture 30 frames per second (fps).
- the frame As the frame is rendered to a suitable video format for display on a monitor, the frame may be split into two interlaced (every other line) 60 fps frames that combined make up one full frame on the monitor. This interlacing tends to result in image degradation, but does have the advantage that common inexpensive equipment that supports interlaced video is ubiquitously available and interconnections between various pieces of equipment are relatively simple and straightforward.
- the FPA may present a progressive scan video signal, whereby each frame is imaged line by line in its entirety resulting in better clarity video. Progressive scan FPA devices and monitors tend to be somewhat more expensive than interlaced devices.
- Scanned Beam Imaging (SBI) devices use a different, higher resolution technology. Instead of acquiring the entire frame at once, the area to be imaged is rapidly scanned point-by-point by an incident beam of light, the reflected light being picked up by sensors and translated into a native data stream representing a series of points and values.
- SBI technology is especially applicable to endoscopes because SBI devices have better image resolution and present higher quality images of small internal structures, use reduced power light sources, and can be put in very small package diameters for insertion into a human body.
- An exemplary color SBI endoscope has a scanning element that uses dichroic mirrors to combine red, green, and blue laser light into a single beam of white light that is then deflected off a small mirror mounted on a scanning bi-axial MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) device.
- the MEMS device scans a given area with the beam of white light in a pre-determined bi-sinusoidal or other comparable pattern and the reflected light is sampled for a large number of points by red, green, and blue sensors.
- Each sampled data point is then put in a native SBI data format and transmitted to an image processing device.
- MEMS-based scanners using bi-sinusoidal or other non-standard scanning patterns result in an ordering of the SBI data that would be incompatible for direct use with ordinary monitors.
- the image may be scanned at frame rates that ordinary monitors are not capable of refreshing on their screens. To display on an ordinary monitor, the scanned image is therefore first reassembled from the SBI digital pixel image data into a full frame image. This reassembling process is sometimes referred to as rasterization, because a raster or frame is created from the raw data.
- the image processing device uses the full frame image to render an appropriate video signal to be displayed on a video monitor at a suitable frame rate.
- a native SBI image has potentially superior digital pixel density and dynamic range than an FPA image.
- the SBI image should be displayed on a monitor suitable for directly displaying the SBI image from the SBI image data.
- the SBI image data should be converted to a format suitable for display on a high resolution video monitor.
- the apparatus allows multiple FPA and SBI imaging devices to use a common high resolution monitor and -A-
- the method of the invention involves using the combined SBI and FPA image processor to render both FPA and SBI inputs from imaging devices to a common high resolution format for display on a high resolution monitor and archiving in a storage means.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art imaging system using a Focal Plane Array (FPA) imaging device, a television monitor, and a printer.
- FPA Focal Plane Array
- Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the invention where both an FPA imaging device and a Scanned Beam Imaging (SBI) imaging device connect to the combined SBI and FPA image processor, and the image processor provides outputs to the high resolution monitor and the archive device.
- SBI Scanned Beam Imaging
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the combined SBI and FPA image processor showing an FPA frame grabber, an FPA-to-SBI frame mapper, an input selector, an SBI frame rasterizing element, and a video output encoder.
- Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an alternate embodiment of the combined SBI and FPA image processor, where the selected SBI digital pixel input is sent to the monitor and archive device without rasterizing the frame.
- Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an alternate embodiment of the combined SBI and FPA image processor, where the image processor is programmable and can support various Cartesian frame -based inputs and outputs as well as digital pixel stream inputs and outputs.
- Fig. 6 is an illustration used to facilitate understanding the conversion process from the two-dimensional Cartesian space format typical of FPA devices to the pixel stream format used by SBI devices.
- FIG. 1 details the prior art imaging systems. Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are detailed in Figs. 2-5.
- Fig. 6 illustrates the SBI to FPA conversion process.
- an FPA imaging device 102 connects to an FPA video processor 103 that connects to a monitor 104 that connects to a storage means 106.
- an FPA imaging device 102 In a typical prior art imaging system 100, like that found in a typical hospital operation room, an FPA imaging device 102, usually a CCD-type camera, provides a video signal and, optionally, exchanges control signals or commands with a matching FPA video processor 103 that creates a variety of standard video outputs to the monitor 104.
- the video signal supplied to the monitor can be a composite signal, an S-Video signal, a Digital Video Interface (DVI) signal, an HDMI signal, or more commonly a component RGB signal, with each of the Red, Green, and Blue signals carried on individual cables and having separate physical connectors for attaching to the monitor 104.
- the monitor 104 displays the image seen by the FPA imaging device 102 to the physician.
- DVI Digital Video Interface
- the storage means 106 also receives the video signal and allows the physician to record the images the physician is seeing. Typically, the storage means 106 receives the video signal directly from the FPA video processor 103.
- the storage means 106 can be a printer, an analog VCR, a DVD recorder, or any other recording means as would be known in the art.
- FIG. 2 Referring now to the schematic diagram of an embodiment of an imaging system using the combined SBI and FPA Image Processor System 200 depicted in Fig. 2.
- An SBI imaging device 202 connects directly to the image processor 208 and an FPA imaging device 102 connects to the image processor 208 through an FPA video processor 103.
- the image processor 208 connects to both the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 and the pixel-oriented archive device 206.
- the SBI imaging device 202 delivers SBI digital sample data to the image processor 208, while the FPA imaging device 102 provides a traditional raster video signal through the FPA video processor 103 to the image processor 208.
- the image processor 208 allows the physician to select which source to display on the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204.
- the image processor 208 sends a separate output to the pixel-oriented archive device 206. The output to the pixel-oriented archive device 206 is controlled by the physician.
- the physician uses a separate selection control on the endoscope to cause still images to be stored to the pixel-oriented archive device 206, or to start and stop storage of video images to the pixel-oriented archive device 206, allowing the physician the ability to record continuous video or discrete images from the previously selected source.
- the pixel-oriented archive device 206 can be storage system capable of storing analog data, such as a VCR, or DVD recorder, or it can be a digital device such as a printer or computer system, or any other recording means as would be known in the art.
- the output to the pixel-oriented archive device 206 is a mirror copy of what the physician sees on the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204.
- the output to the pixel-oriented archive device 206 can be both the SBI imaging device 202 digital sample data and the SBI encoded FPA imaging device 102 video images, including a separate flag indicating which device was selected for viewing on the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 by the physician at the time.
- the image processor 208 is capable of multiple inputs from more than two different imaging devices. Various other arrangements are possible for the image processor 208, the pixel-oriented archive device 206, and different kinds of imaging devices, and would be apparent to one having ordinary skill in the art.
- the figures and descriptions represent merely exemplary embodiments of the invention, and are meant to be limited only by the claim scope.
- an FPA imaging device 102 is connected through an FPA video processor 103 to a pixel-oriented video input 312 which is connected to a video frame grabber 302.
- the video frame grabber 302 connects to a frame mapper 304 which connects to an input selector 306.
- the input selector 306 is also connected to the SBI input 314 that is connected to an SBI imaging device 202.
- the input selector 306 connects to an SBI processor 308.
- the SBI processor 308 connects to both the pixel-oriented storage means output 318 and the video output encoder 310.
- the video output encoder 310 further connects to the pixel-oriented video monitor output 316.
- the pixel-oriented video monitor output 316 connects to the high resolution pixel- oriented monitor 204.
- the pixel-oriented storage means output 318 connects to the pixel- oriented archive device 206.
- An embodiment of the SBI/FPA Image Processor with Analog and Digital Interfaces 300 has inputs for accepting both analog and digital video devices.
- the pixel-oriented video input 312 accepts RGB video inputs from an FPA video processor 103 that is connected to an FPA imaging device 102.
- the frame grabber 302 decodes the RGB video signal and digitizes each video frame.
- a frame mapper 304 uses the digitized video frame to encode a new SBI formatted digital sample data stream, thereby rendering or mapping the original video signal from the pixel-oriented video input 312 to the SBI format.
- the frame mapper 304 assigns each FPA pixel from the frame grabber 302 in a prescribed manner to create each sample of a synthesized SBI formatted digital sample stream.
- each FPA pixel's color value is assigned to one or more SBI sample stream locations.
- the frame mapper 304 presents the SBI compatible digital sample data stream to the input selector 306.
- the input selector 306 also receives an input from the SBI input 314.
- the SBI input 314 accepts an SBI digital sample data stream from an SBI imaging device 202.
- the input selector 306 allows the physician to select which of the two devices to display on the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204.
- the input selector 306 can be controlled using a switch on the image processor 208. Based on the physician's device selection, the input selector 306 sends one of the two SBI digital sample data streams to the SBI processor 308.
- the SBI processor 308 takes the SBI digital sample data stream and maps the individual pixel data points into an high resolution video frame.
- the SBI processor 308 performs color correction, contrast and gamma control, and other imaging enhancing algorithms on the video data.
- the SBI processor 308 can enhance the image differently depending upon whether the original image is from an FPA or an SBI imaging device.
- the video output encoder 310 uses the mapped video frame in the SBI processor 308 to encode a suitable video output signal for driving the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 and presents it to the pixel-oriented video monitor output 316.
- the video output signal preferably uses either a progressive scan 720 HDMI (ITU-R BT.601) with a 60 fps refresh rate or an SVGA VESA-compatible output using at least 800x600 pixel resolution and 72 fps refresh rate, although both higher and lower resolutions and refresh rates are contemplated.
- a compatible commercially available medical grade display will be used, such as the Dynamic Displays' MD 1518-101 display or any other suitable display as would be known by one having ordinary skill in the art.
- Pixel-oriented output from the SBI processor 308 sent to the pixel-oriented archive device 206 via the pixel-oriented storage means output 318 is controlled by the physician.
- the physician uses a selection control on the endoscope to select which images from the SBI processor 308 to store to the pixel-oriented archive device 206, allowing the physician the ability to record continuous video or discrete images.
- the pixel-oriented archive device 206 can be storage system capable of storing analog data, such as a VCR, or DVD recorder, or it can be a digital device such as a printer or computer system, or any other recording means as would be known in the art.
- the video frame grabber 302, frame mapper 304, input selector 306, SBI processor 308, and video output encoder 310 modules of the SBI/FPA Image Processor with Analog and Digital Interfaces 300 are implemented using one or more microcontroller processors (which may be independently applied or embedded in an ASIC or FPGA), and may also include one or more discrete electronic support chips.
- microcontroller processors which may be independently applied or embedded in an ASIC or FPGA
- the actual circuit implementation necessary to perform the digital signal processing necessary for color correction, dynamic range control, data mapping and other pixel manipulation processes could be done in a variety of ways that would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.
- the SBI digital sample data stream from the SBI processor 308 is sent to an SBI archive device 404 via an SBI digital storage means output 408.
- the analog video inputs from the FPA video processor 103 can be composite, S-Video, or other component interfaces including xVGA, and can be in NTSC, PAL, SECAM, VESA or other formats.
- the video inputs from the FPA video processor 103 can be digital, including, but not limited to, the DVI, HDMI, or DV MPEG 4:2:2 standards.
- the frame grabber 302 would be suitably adapted to handle the other formats, acquiring the video frame by digitizing if it is an analog video signal, or acquiring the video frame by capturing the digital data if it is a digital video signal.
- the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 could be a heads up display worn by the physician.
- an FPA imaging device 102 is connected through an FPA video processor 103 to a pixel-oriented video input 312 which is connected to a video frame grabber 302.
- the video frame grabber 302 connects to a frame mapper 304 which connects to an input selector 306.
- the input selector 306 is also connected to the SBI input 314 that is connected to an SBI imaging device 202.
- the input selector 306 connects to an SBI processor 308.
- the SBI processor 308 connects to both the SBI video monitor output 406 and the storage means output 408.
- the SBI storage means output 408 connects to the SBI archive device 404.
- the SBI video monitor output 406 connects to the high resolution SBI monitor 402.
- An embodiment of the SBI/FPA Image Processor with SBI Digital Sample Data Output 400 has inputs for accepting both analog and digital video devices.
- the pixel-oriented video input 312 accepts RGB video inputs from an FPA video processor that is connected to an FPA imaging device 102.
- the frame grabber 302 decodes the RGB video signal and digitizes each video frame.
- a frame mapper 304 uses the digitized video frame to encode a new SBI formatted digital sample data stream, thereby rendering or mapping the original video signal from the pixel-oriented video input 312 to the SBI format.
- the frame mapper 304 assigns each FPA pixel from the frame grabber 302 in a prescribed manner to create each sample of a synthesized SBI formatted digital sample stream.
- the frame mapper 304 presents the SBI compatible digital sample data stream to the input selector 306.
- the input selector 306 also receives an input from the SBI input 314.
- the SBI input 314 accepts an SBI digital sample data stream from an SBI imaging device 202.
- the input selector 306 allows the physician to control which of the two devices to display on the high resolution SBI monitor 402.
- the input selector 306 can be controlled using a switch on the image processor 208. Based on the physician's device selection, the input selector 306 sends one of the two SBI digital sample data streams to the SBI processor 308.
- the SBI processor 308 performs color correction, contrast and gamma control, and other imaging enhancing algorithms on the video data.
- the SBI processor 308 can enhance the image differently depending upon whether the original image is from an FPA or an SBI imaging device.
- the SBI processor 308 presents the SBI digital sample data stream to the SBI video monitor output 316 which is connected to a high resolution SBI monitor 402 capable of accepting an SBI signal input.
- the output from the SBI processor 308 sent to the SBI archive device 404 via the SBI storage means output 408 is controlled by the physician.
- the physician uses a separate selection control on the endoscope to select which images from the SBI processor 308 to store to the SBI archive device 404, allowing the physician the ability to record continuous video or discrete images.
- the SBI storage means output 408 is a digital device such as a printer or computer system, or any other recording means as would be known in the art.
- the video frame grabber 302, frame mapper 304, input selector 306, SBI processor 308, and video output encoder 310 modules of the SBI/FPA Image Processor with SBI Digital Sample Data Output 400 are implemented using one or more microcontroller processors (which may be independently applied or embedded in an ASIC or FPGA), and may also include one or more discrete electronic support chips.
- microcontroller processors which may be independently applied or embedded in an ASIC or FPGA
- the actual circuit implementation necessary to perform the digital signal processing necessary for color correction, dynamic range control, data mapping and other pixel manipulation processes could be done in a variety of ways that would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.
- the analog video inputs from the FPA video processor 103 can be composite, S-Video, or other component interfaces including xVGA, and can be in NTSC, PAL, SECAM, VESA, or other formats.
- the video inputs from the FPA video processor 103 can be digital, including, but not limited to, the DVI, HDMI, or DV MPEG 4:2:2 standards.
- the frame grabber 302 would be suitably adapted to handle the other formats, acquiring the video frame by digitizing if it is an analog video signal, or acquiring the video frame by capturing the digital data if it is a digital video signal.
- the high resolution SBI monitor 402 could be a heads up display worn by the physician.
- a pixel-oriented video input 312 connects an FPA source 502 to both a programmable frame grabber 506 and a programmable digital format converter 508 which connect internally to a Cartesian backplane 524.
- the Cartesian backplane 524 connects to a programmable digital format converter 512 that connects to the pixel-oriented archive device 206 through the pixel-oriented storage means output 318.
- the Cartesian backplane 524 further connects to a programmable Cartesian format converter 514 that connects to the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 through the pixel-oriented video monitor output 316.
- the Cartesian backplane 524 further connects to a control processor with frame memory 520, a programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516, and a programmable SBI to Cartesian converter 518.
- the control processor with frame memory 520, the programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516, and the programmable SBI to Cartesian converter 518 also connect to an SBI backplane 526.
- the SBI backplane 526 connects to an SBI source 504 through an SBI input 314.
- the SBI backplane 526 also connects to the SBI input 314 through a programmable SBI format converter 510.
- the SBI backplane 526 further connects to an SBI archive device 404 through an SBI storage means output 408, and a high resolution SBI monitor 402 through an SBI video monitor output 406.
- a control backplane 522 connects the control processor with frame memory 520 to the programmable frame grabber 506, the programmable digital format converter 508, the programmable SBI format converter 510, the programmable digital format converter 512, the programmable Cartesian format converter 514, the programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516, and the programmable SBI to Cartesian converter 518.
- An embodiment of the Programmable SBI/FPA Image Processor 500 has inputs for accepting either or both analog and digital video devices.
- the pixel-oriented video input 312 accepts video inputs from an FPA source 502.
- the FPA source 502 can be analog in which case the pixel-oriented video input 312 can be composite, S-Video, or other component interfaces including xVGA, and can be in NTSC, PAL, SECAM, VESA, or other formats.
- the pixel-oriented video input 312 can also be a digital interface for accepting DVI, HDMI, or DV MPEG 4:2:2 inputs from a digital FPA source 502.
- the programmable frame grabber 506 acquires the analog video signal from an analog
- the FPA source 502 by digitizing each video frame into an internal pixel-oriented format and transfers each frame of video to the control processor with frame memory 520 across the Cartesian backplane 524.
- the programmable digital format converter similarly acquires a digital video signal from a digital FPA source 502 by converting the encoded frames of video into an internal pixel-oriented format and transfers each frame of video to the control processor with frame memory 520 across the Cartesian backplane 524.
- the programmable SBI format converter 510 decodes an SBI source 504 input into an internal SBI format and transfers the digital data stream to the control processor with frame memory 520.
- the SBI source 504 can transfer the SBI formatted digital sample data stream directly to the control processor with frame memory 520 if it is already in the internal SBI format.
- the control processor with frame memory 520 can start performing color correction, contrast and gamma control, and other imaging enhancing algorithms on the video data. Because SBI data samples can have greater resolution or include sampling of spectrum outside of the normal Red Green and Blue colorspace, the control processor with frame memory 520 may enhance the image differently depending upon whether the original image is from an FPA or an SBI imaging device.
- the control processor with frame memory 520 may highlight the area in an normally absent color such as bright green, or it could utilize an edge detection algorithm and draw a flashing bright white line around the perimeter of the area. If the area being imaged by the SBI source 504 contained a greater depth of colors than could be displayed on a high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204, the control processor with frame memory 520 could scale the intensity linearly or non-linearly to optimal levels for display. The control processor with frame memory 520 can also use data from previous frames or scans in enhancing the current video data. These and other image enhancing algorithms known to those having ordinary skill in the art could be utilized.
- the control processor with frame memory 520 uses the control backplane 524 to control which of the input devices, 502, 504, to use as input, and which type of high resolution monitor, 204, 402, to use for displaying the video.
- the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 or high resolution SBI monitor 402 could be a heads up display worn by the physician.
- the control processor with frame memory 520 also controls which images to send to the archive devices, 206, 404 and whether the archive device is to record continuous video or discrete images.
- the archive devices, 206, 404 can be either analog or digital storage devices.
- the programmable SBI/FPA Image Processor 500 can run in four different modes: FPA source to SBI monitor mode; FPA source to pixel-oriented monitor mode, SBI source to pixel-oriented monitor mode; and SBI source to SBI monitor mode.
- the control processor with frame memory 520 forwards the pixel-oriented frame of video across the Cartesian backplane 524 to the programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516 .
- the programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516 converts the pixel-oriented video frame to an SBI formatted digital sample data stream, thereby rendering or mapping the original video signal from the FPA source 502 to the SBI format.
- the programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516 assigns each FPA pixel from the frame in a prescribed manner to create each new sample of the synthesized SBI formatted digital sample stream. In this process a portion of each FPA pixel's color value is assigned to one or more SBI sample stream locations.
- the control processor with frame memory 520 can then store the SBI formatted digital sample data stream back in memory, perform additional processing, or direct the SBI formatted digital sample data stream across the SBI backplane 526 to the high resolution SBI monitor 402 or the SBI archive device 404.
- the control processor with frame memory 520 forwards pixel-oriented frame of video across the Cartesian backplane 524 to the programmable Cartesian format converter 514, which puts the frame of video into the appropriate analog or digital format for display on the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204.
- the pixel- oriented video monitor output 316 can be composite, S-Video, or other component interfaces including xVGA, and can be in NTSC, PAL, SECAM, VESA, or other formats.
- the pixel-oriented video monitor output 316 can be a digital interface for accepting DVI, HDMI, DV or other digital connections.
- the control processor with frame memory 520 can also direct the programmable digital format converter 512 to send the current frame of video on the Cartesian backplane 524 to the pixel-oriented archive device 206.
- the control processor with frame memory 520 forwards the SBI digital sample data stream across the SBI backplane 526 to the programmable SBI to Cartesian converter 518.
- the programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 518 converts the SBI digital sample data stream to a pixel-oriented video frame, thereby rendering or mapping the original video signal from the SBI source 504 to the pixel-oriented format.
- the programmable SBI to Cartesian converter 518 assigns each SBI formatted sample to one or more FPA pixels in a prescribed manner to create each new sample of the synthesized pixel-oriented frame. In this process a portion of each SBA data sample's color value is assigned to one or more FPA pixels.
- the control processor with frame memory 520 can then store the pixel-oriented frame of video back in memory, perform additional processing, or direct the pixel-oriented frame of video across the Cartesian backplane 524 to the programmable Cartesian format converter 514, which puts the frame of video into the appropriate analog or digital format for display on the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204.
- the control processor with frame memory 520 can also direct the programmable digital format converter 512 to send the current frame of video on the Cartesian backplane 524 to the pixel-oriented archive device 206.
- control processor with frame memory 520 can have both the high resolution SBI monitor 402 and the SBI archive device 404 use the current SBI formatted digital sample stream from the SBI source 504 present on SBI backplane 526.
- control processor with frame memory 520 can store the SBI formatted digital sample data stream from the SBI source 504 in memory, perform additional processing, and then direct the modified SBI formatted digital sample stream back on the SBI backplane 526 to the high resolution SBI monitor 402 and the SBI archive device 404.
- the control processor with frame memory 520, the programmable frame grabber 506, the programmable digital format converter 508, the programmable SBI format converter 510, the programmable digital format converter 512, the programmable Cartesian format converter 514, the programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516, and the programmable SBI to Cartesian converter 518 modules of the programmable SBI/FPA Image Processor with SBI Digital Sample Data Output 500 are implemented using one or more microcontroller processors (which may be independently applied or embedded in an ASIC or FPGA), and may also include one or more discrete electronic support chips.
- the actual circuit implementation necessary to perform the digital signal processing necessary for color correction, dynamic range control, data mapping and other pixel manipulation processes could be implemented in circuitry and software in a variety of ways that would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.
- control backplane 522, the Cartesian backplane 524, and the SBI backplane 526 can be discrete backplanes or they can be logical backplanes running on a common physical backplane.
- Backplane technology is a well developed art and the backplanes could be implemented in circuitry and software in a variety of ways that would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.
- the dual resonant scanned beam imager is a class of MEMS oscillating mirror imagers with two orthogonal axis of rotation (labeled x and y) that operate in a resonant mode.
- the x-axis oscillation is referred to as the fast axis
- the y-axis oscillation is referred to as the slow axis.
- the oscillating mirror causes a beam of light reflected from its surface to trace a geometric pattern known as a Lissajous figure or pattern.
- the basic Lissajous pattern can precess.
- the number of slow axis cycles required to precess the pattern to an initial spatial point, is called the interleave factor.
- x(t) A sin(W f t + ⁇ / )
- y(t) Bcos(w s t + ⁇ s )
- the Lissajous pattern traced by an SBI is spatially repeated after a set number of oscillations on the slow axis (interleave factor). Once a reference point on the complete set of Lissajous patterns is identified, one can view the constant sample time, digital data stream captured at each optical detector as a vector of constant length, the SBI Data Vector (SDVi). The number of samples in the vector (N) is equal to the interleave factor times the period of the slow axis oscillation divided by the sample interval (ts).
- the SBI data stream can be viewed as a matrix, the SBI Data Matrix (SDM), that has a row count equal to the number of sampled detectors (M) and a column count equal to the number of samples in each SDV (N).
- SDM SBI Data Matrix
- M the number of sampled detectors
- N the number of samples in each SDV
- the pixel-oriented video frame is represented as a pixel data matrix (PDM), a two- dimensional matrix with row and column indices that represent the display space.
- PDM pixel data matrix
- a typical system might have 600 rows (Y) and 800 columns (X).
- Each point in the data set is a triple representing red (R), green (G), and blue (B) display intensities.
- the transformation from matrix to vector representation can be achieved algorithmically.
- a transformation matrix is defined.
- the transformation matrix is a N x XY matrix where N is the number of samples in the SDV; X is the number of horizontal pixels in the Cartesian pixel-oriented space; Y is the number of vertical pixels in the Cartesian pixel-oriented space.
- FIG. 6 provides a close-up look at the physical situation when converting from the Lissajous space SDM to the Cartesian space PDM.
- the grey crosses in the imaged area 600 represent the pixels in Cartesian Space mapped with the matrix origin located in the upper left hand corner. Each pixel is represented by conventional Cartesian coordinates (x,y).
- the solid line is the SBI beam path 602 and represents a portion of a specific trajectory of the dual resonant scanned beam through the imaged area 600.
- the black diamonds indicate SBI samples 604 taken along that SBI beam path 602.
- the SBI sample index (j) increases from the top left to bottom right in this depiction.
- the trajectory of the SBI beam path 602 (with increasing sample index) can be in any direction through a subset of the imaged area 600. Note that in Figure 6 the SBI samples 604 at the top left and bottom right are closer together than the SBI samples 604 in the center of the figure. This difference is shown to reinforce the implications of a constant data-sampling rate applied to resonant (sinusoidal) beams.
- the matrix, SDV is of dimension I x N
- the transformation matrix, T is of dimension N by (X* Y)
- the matrix PDV is of dimension 1 by X* Y.
- the object is to distribute the data from the imaged area 600 at sample m 606 to the associated pixels 608 (those within the circle 610) in the pixel space. The following steps can be used to populate the T matrix:
- Step 2 Construct a circle 610 in Cartesian space of radius, rj, over which the data from SBI sample, m 606, is going to be distributed to the associated pixels 608 contained within circle 610.
- Step 3 For each associated pixel 608 (k+s,l+t), where s and t are integers that describe points in Cartesian space located within the circle constructed in step 2:
- w is the weighting factor
- s is the length of the vector from the SBI data point (m) 606 to the associated pixel 608 of interest
- F is a controllable constant that sets how fast the effects of the SBI data falls off as the value of 1 increases.
- Td is the radius of the circle 610 over which the data from the SBI sample is being distributed
- B Define the operation with the symbol ⁇ — > .
- B is a concatenation of each row of A starting at row 0 and ending at row m-1.
- Step 4(optional) It should be recognized that this method creates a sparse matrix
- conversion from Cartesian space PDM to Lissajous space SDM can be represented as a matrix multiplication.
- SBI imagers have a wider dynamic range per pixel and generally support more pixels than FPA devices. Therefore, there will not be a one-to-one mapping for each SBI data point to each Cartesian pixel. As would be well known in the art, the conversion process from SBI space to FPA space would therefore be lossy. To decrease loss, especially for image enhancement and storage of raw data purposes, the processor can internally use a much larger Cartesian frame with greater dynamic range than would be output to a monitor or received from an FPA or SBI device, and simply downsample and reduce the dynamic range appropriate to the monitor or storage device prior to outputting the video signal. Such a frame would facilitate a nearly lossless internal conversion between SBI and FPA spaces. It should be noted therefore, that this disclosure contemplates, and the claims should be read in light of, instances where the image processor uses an internal pixel frame that is both equal to, less than, or greater than that of an SBI or FPA pixel- oriented imaging device.
Abstract
An apparatus and method for allowing multiple high and low resolution SBI and conventional FPA imaging devices to use a common high resolution monitor and archive device without increasing or significantly changing the footprint of existing devices. This system and method uses a frame grabber for digitizing video from the legacy FPA devices, a frame mapper for rendering or mapping the FPA video into the SBI digital format, a converter for rasterizing SBI data streams into pixel-oriented FPA video frames, an input selector for selecting which FPA or SBI imaging device to display on a high resolution monitor, an processor for storing and manipulating frames of video, a video output encoder for converting the SBI frames into a video signal appropriate for display on the high resolution monitor, and an output means for connecting to a storage device for archiving video and images.
Description
COMBINED SBI AND CONVENTIONAL IMAGE PROCESSOR
[0001] Technical Field
[0002] The present invention relates generally to systems, devices, and methods for rendering Scanned Bean Imager (SBI) and Focal Plane Array (FPA) image data into a common format for display on a high resolution monitor and storage on a common system.
[0003] Background of the Invention
[0004] Many medical devices have visual screens for providing real-time data. While some have simple backlit 80x25 text screens, others require television screens or video monitors for displaying video images. The space in hospital operating room environments is very tight and cannot accommodate much equipment, especially bulky video monitors. The space close to a patient, where one or more physicians might operate, is more or less constrained by the geometry of the patient and the need or desire to have certain medical instruments in fixed locations, e.g., anesthesia devices near the patient's head region. Usable space near a patient, especially that which is directly accessible by the operating physician, is at a premium. When multiple medical devices each require a video monitor, the situation presents both space and ergonomic challenges to the physician and support staff as they attempt to coordinate the use of multiple video monitors. In some cases, it might be impracticable to accommodate more than one monitor near the patient. There is therefore a need for a system and method to allow physicians and support staff to use, and coordinate the use of, multiple imaging devices on a common monitor and storage system.
[0005] Imaging devices can have different native resolutions and frame rates. Focal Plane Array (FPA) devices typically use Charge Coupled Device (CCD) technology to capture an entire image, or frame, all at once. Typically, these CCD-type imagers capture 30 frames
per second (fps). As the frame is rendered to a suitable video format for display on a monitor, the frame may be split into two interlaced (every other line) 60 fps frames that combined make up one full frame on the monitor. This interlacing tends to result in image degradation, but does have the advantage that common inexpensive equipment that supports interlaced video is ubiquitously available and interconnections between various pieces of equipment are relatively simple and straightforward. Alternatively, the FPA may present a progressive scan video signal, whereby each frame is imaged line by line in its entirety resulting in better clarity video. Progressive scan FPA devices and monitors tend to be somewhat more expensive than interlaced devices.
[0006] Scanned Beam Imaging (SBI) devices, on the other hand, use a different, higher resolution technology. Instead of acquiring the entire frame at once, the area to be imaged is rapidly scanned point-by-point by an incident beam of light, the reflected light being picked up by sensors and translated into a native data stream representing a series of points and values. SBI technology is especially applicable to endoscopes because SBI devices have better image resolution and present higher quality images of small internal structures, use reduced power light sources, and can be put in very small package diameters for insertion into a human body.
[0007] Scanning beam imaging endoscopes using bi-sinusoidal and other scanning patterns are known in the art; see, for example U.S. Patent Application US 2005/0020926 Al to Wikloff et al. An exemplary color SBI endoscope has a scanning element that uses dichroic mirrors to combine red, green, and blue laser light into a single beam of white light that is then deflected off a small mirror mounted on a scanning bi-axial MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) device. The MEMS device scans a given area with the beam of white light in a pre-determined bi-sinusoidal or other comparable pattern and the reflected light is sampled for a large number of points by red, green, and blue sensors. Each sampled data point is then put in a native SBI data format and transmitted to an image processing device.
[0008] While reading data out from FPA/CCD devices is normally performed in an orderly line- by-line manner that makes conversion to a standard video signal relatively straightforward, MEMS-based scanners using bi-sinusoidal or other non-standard scanning patterns result in an ordering of the SBI data that would be incompatible for direct use with ordinary monitors. Also, the image may be scanned at frame rates that ordinary monitors are not capable of refreshing on their screens. To display on an ordinary monitor, the scanned image is therefore first reassembled from the SBI digital pixel image data into a full frame image. This reassembling process is sometimes referred to as rasterization, because a raster or frame is created from the raw data. The image processing device then uses the full frame image to render an appropriate video signal to be displayed on a video monitor at a suitable frame rate.
[0009] A native SBI image has potentially superior digital pixel density and dynamic range than an FPA image. Preferentially, the SBI image should be displayed on a monitor suitable for directly displaying the SBI image from the SBI image data. Alternatively, the SBI image data should be converted to a format suitable for display on a high resolution video monitor. There is therefore a need for a system and method to allow physicians and support staff to use, and coordinate the use of, both FPA and SBI imaging devices on a common high resolution monitor and storage system.
[0010] Summary of the Invention
[0011] The present invention meets the above and other needs. An apparatus that is a combined SBI and FPA image processor comprises a frame grabber for digitizing video from the legacy FPA devices, a frame mapper for rendering or mapping the FPA video into the SBI digital format, an input selector for selecting which imaging device to display on the high resolution monitor, an SBI processor for storing and processing each frame of SBI video, and a video output encoder for converting the each digitized SBI frame into a video signal appropriate for display on the high resolution monitor. The apparatus allows multiple FPA and SBI imaging devices to use a common high resolution monitor and
-A-
archive device without increasing or significantly changing the footprint of existing devices in the operating room environment.
[0012] The method of the invention involves using the combined SBI and FPA image processor to render both FPA and SBI inputs from imaging devices to a common high resolution format for display on a high resolution monitor and archiving in a storage means.
[0013] Brief Description of the Drawings
[0014] The accompanying figures depict multiple embodiments of the combined SBI and FPA image processor. A brief description of each figure is provided below. Elements with the same reference numbers in each figure indicate identical or functionally similar elements. Additionally, as a convenience, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the drawings in which the reference number first appears.
[0015] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art imaging system using a Focal Plane Array (FPA) imaging device, a television monitor, and a printer.
[0016] Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the invention where both an FPA imaging device and a Scanned Beam Imaging (SBI) imaging device connect to the combined SBI and FPA image processor, and the image processor provides outputs to the high resolution monitor and the archive device.
[0017] Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the combined SBI and FPA image processor showing an FPA frame grabber, an FPA-to-SBI frame mapper, an input selector, an SBI frame rasterizing element, and a video output encoder.
[0018] Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an alternate embodiment of the combined SBI and FPA image processor, where the selected SBI digital pixel input is sent to the monitor and archive device without rasterizing the frame.
[0019] Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an alternate embodiment of the combined SBI and FPA image processor, where the image processor is programmable and can support various
Cartesian frame -based inputs and outputs as well as digital pixel stream inputs and outputs.
[0020] Fig. 6 is an illustration used to facilitate understanding the conversion process from the two-dimensional Cartesian space format typical of FPA devices to the pixel stream format used by SBI devices.
[0021] Detailed Description
[0022] Fig. 1 details the prior art imaging systems. Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are detailed in Figs. 2-5. Fig. 6 illustrates the SBI to FPA conversion process.
[0023] Prior Art Imaging System
[0024] Referring now to the schematic diagram of a prior art imaging system 100 depicted in
Fig. 1, an FPA imaging device 102 connects to an FPA video processor 103 that connects to a monitor 104 that connects to a storage means 106.
[0025] In a typical prior art imaging system 100, like that found in a typical hospital operation room, an FPA imaging device 102, usually a CCD-type camera, provides a video signal and, optionally, exchanges control signals or commands with a matching FPA video processor 103 that creates a variety of standard video outputs to the monitor 104. The video signal supplied to the monitor can be a composite signal, an S-Video signal, a Digital Video Interface (DVI) signal, an HDMI signal, or more commonly a component RGB signal, with each of the Red, Green, and Blue signals carried on individual cables and having separate physical connectors for attaching to the monitor 104. The monitor 104 displays the image seen by the FPA imaging device 102 to the physician. The storage means 106, also receives the video signal and allows the physician to record the images the physician is seeing. Typically, the storage means 106 receives the video signal directly from the FPA video processor 103. The storage means 106 can be a printer, an analog VCR, a DVD recorder, or any other recording means as would be known in the art.
[0026] Imaging System using the Combined SBI and FPA Image Processor
[0027] Referring now to the schematic diagram of an embodiment of an imaging system using the combined SBI and FPA Image Processor System 200 depicted in Fig. 2. An SBI imaging device 202 connects directly to the image processor 208 and an FPA imaging device 102 connects to the image processor 208 through an FPA video processor 103. The image processor 208 connects to both the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 and the pixel-oriented archive device 206.
[0028] In the combined SBI and FPA Image Processor System 200, the SBI imaging device 202 delivers SBI digital sample data to the image processor 208, while the FPA imaging device 102 provides a traditional raster video signal through the FPA video processor 103 to the image processor 208. The image processor 208 allows the physician to select which source to display on the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204. The image processor 208 sends a separate output to the pixel-oriented archive device 206. The output to the pixel-oriented archive device 206 is controlled by the physician. The physician uses a separate selection control on the endoscope to cause still images to be stored to the pixel-oriented archive device 206, or to start and stop storage of video images to the pixel-oriented archive device 206, allowing the physician the ability to record continuous video or discrete images from the previously selected source. The pixel-oriented archive device 206 can be storage system capable of storing analog data, such as a VCR, or DVD recorder, or it can be a digital device such as a printer or computer system, or any other recording means as would be known in the art.
[0029] In an alternate embodiment, the output to the pixel-oriented archive device 206 is a mirror copy of what the physician sees on the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204. In another embodiment, the output to the pixel-oriented archive device 206 can be both the SBI imaging device 202 digital sample data and the SBI encoded FPA imaging device 102 video images, including a separate flag indicating which device was selected for viewing on the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 by the physician at the time.
In another embodiment, the image processor 208 is capable of multiple inputs from more than two different imaging devices. Various other arrangements are possible for the image processor 208, the pixel-oriented archive device 206, and different kinds of imaging devices, and would be apparent to one having ordinary skill in the art. The figures and descriptions represent merely exemplary embodiments of the invention, and are meant to be limited only by the claim scope.
[0030] SBI/FPA Image Processor with Analog and Digital Interfaces
[0031] Referring now to the schematic diagram of an SBI/FPA Image Processor with Analog and Digital Interfaces 300 depicted in Fig. 3, an FPA imaging device 102 is connected through an FPA video processor 103 to a pixel-oriented video input 312 which is connected to a video frame grabber 302. The video frame grabber 302 connects to a frame mapper 304 which connects to an input selector 306. The input selector 306 is also connected to the SBI input 314 that is connected to an SBI imaging device 202. The input selector 306 connects to an SBI processor 308. The SBI processor 308 connects to both the pixel-oriented storage means output 318 and the video output encoder 310. The video output encoder 310 further connects to the pixel-oriented video monitor output 316. The pixel-oriented video monitor output 316 connects to the high resolution pixel- oriented monitor 204. The pixel-oriented storage means output 318 connects to the pixel- oriented archive device 206.
[0032] An embodiment of the SBI/FPA Image Processor with Analog and Digital Interfaces 300 has inputs for accepting both analog and digital video devices. The pixel-oriented video input 312 accepts RGB video inputs from an FPA video processor 103 that is connected to an FPA imaging device 102. The frame grabber 302 decodes the RGB video signal and digitizes each video frame. A frame mapper 304 uses the digitized video frame to encode a new SBI formatted digital sample data stream, thereby rendering or mapping the original video signal from the pixel-oriented video input 312 to the SBI format. The frame mapper 304 assigns each FPA pixel from the frame grabber 302 in a prescribed
manner to create each sample of a synthesized SBI formatted digital sample stream. In this process a portion of each FPA pixel's color value is assigned to one or more SBI sample stream locations. The frame mapper 304 presents the SBI compatible digital sample data stream to the input selector 306. The input selector 306 also receives an input from the SBI input 314. The SBI input 314 accepts an SBI digital sample data stream from an SBI imaging device 202.
[0033] The input selector 306 allows the physician to select which of the two devices to display on the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204. The input selector 306 can be controlled using a switch on the image processor 208. Based on the physician's device selection, the input selector 306 sends one of the two SBI digital sample data streams to the SBI processor 308. The SBI processor 308 takes the SBI digital sample data stream and maps the individual pixel data points into an high resolution video frame. The SBI processor 308 performs color correction, contrast and gamma control, and other imaging enhancing algorithms on the video data. The SBI processor 308 can enhance the image differently depending upon whether the original image is from an FPA or an SBI imaging device.
[0034] The video output encoder 310 uses the mapped video frame in the SBI processor 308 to encode a suitable video output signal for driving the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 and presents it to the pixel-oriented video monitor output 316. The video output signal preferably uses either a progressive scan 720 HDMI (ITU-R BT.601) with a 60 fps refresh rate or an SVGA VESA-compatible output using at least 800x600 pixel resolution and 72 fps refresh rate, although both higher and lower resolutions and refresh rates are contemplated. Typically, a compatible commercially available medical grade display will be used, such as the Dynamic Displays' MD 1518-101 display or any other suitable display as would be known by one having ordinary skill in the art. Pixel-oriented output from the SBI processor 308 sent to the pixel-oriented archive device 206 via the pixel-oriented storage means output 318 is controlled by the physician. The physician uses a selection control on the endoscope to select which images from the SBI processor
308 to store to the pixel-oriented archive device 206, allowing the physician the ability to record continuous video or discrete images. The pixel-oriented archive device 206 can be storage system capable of storing analog data, such as a VCR, or DVD recorder, or it can be a digital device such as a printer or computer system, or any other recording means as would be known in the art.
[0035] The video frame grabber 302, frame mapper 304, input selector 306, SBI processor 308, and video output encoder 310 modules of the SBI/FPA Image Processor with Analog and Digital Interfaces 300 are implemented using one or more microcontroller processors (which may be independently applied or embedded in an ASIC or FPGA), and may also include one or more discrete electronic support chips. The actual circuit implementation necessary to perform the digital signal processing necessary for color correction, dynamic range control, data mapping and other pixel manipulation processes could be done in a variety of ways that would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.
[0036] In another embodiment of the invention, the SBI digital sample data stream from the SBI processor 308 is sent to an SBI archive device 404 via an SBI digital storage means output 408. In another embodiment of the invention, the analog video inputs from the FPA video processor 103 can be composite, S-Video, or other component interfaces including xVGA, and can be in NTSC, PAL, SECAM, VESA or other formats. In another embodiment of the invention, the video inputs from the FPA video processor 103 can be digital, including, but not limited to, the DVI, HDMI, or DV MPEG 4:2:2 standards. In these embodiments, the frame grabber 302 would be suitably adapted to handle the other formats, acquiring the video frame by digitizing if it is an analog video signal, or acquiring the video frame by capturing the digital data if it is a digital video signal. In another embodiment the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 could be a heads up display worn by the physician.
[0037] SBI/FPA Image Processor with SBI Digital Sample Data Output
[0038] Referring now to the schematic diagram of an SBI/FPA Image Processor with SBI Digital Sample Data Output 400 depicted in Fig. 4, an FPA imaging device 102 is connected through an FPA video processor 103 to a pixel-oriented video input 312 which is connected to a video frame grabber 302. The video frame grabber 302 connects to a frame mapper 304 which connects to an input selector 306. The input selector 306 is also connected to the SBI input 314 that is connected to an SBI imaging device 202. The input selector 306 connects to an SBI processor 308. The SBI processor 308 connects to both the SBI video monitor output 406 and the storage means output 408. The SBI storage means output 408 connects to the SBI archive device 404. The SBI video monitor output 406 connects to the high resolution SBI monitor 402.
[0039] An embodiment of the SBI/FPA Image Processor with SBI Digital Sample Data Output 400 has inputs for accepting both analog and digital video devices. The pixel-oriented video input 312 accepts RGB video inputs from an FPA video processor that is connected to an FPA imaging device 102. The frame grabber 302 decodes the RGB video signal and digitizes each video frame. A frame mapper 304 uses the digitized video frame to encode a new SBI formatted digital sample data stream, thereby rendering or mapping the original video signal from the pixel-oriented video input 312 to the SBI format. The frame mapper 304 assigns each FPA pixel from the frame grabber 302 in a prescribed manner to create each sample of a synthesized SBI formatted digital sample stream. In this process a portion of each FPA pixel's color value is assigned to one or more SBI sample stream locations. The frame mapper 304 presents the SBI compatible digital sample data stream to the input selector 306. The input selector 306 also receives an input from the SBI input 314. The SBI input 314 accepts an SBI digital sample data stream from an SBI imaging device 202. The input selector 306 allows the physician to control which of the two devices to display on the high resolution SBI monitor 402. The input selector 306 can be controlled using a switch on the image processor 208. Based on the physician's device selection, the input selector 306 sends one of the two SBI digital
sample data streams to the SBI processor 308. The SBI processor 308 performs color correction, contrast and gamma control, and other imaging enhancing algorithms on the video data. The SBI processor 308 can enhance the image differently depending upon whether the original image is from an FPA or an SBI imaging device.
[0040] The SBI processor 308 presents the SBI digital sample data stream to the SBI video monitor output 316 which is connected to a high resolution SBI monitor 402 capable of accepting an SBI signal input. The output from the SBI processor 308 sent to the SBI archive device 404 via the SBI storage means output 408 is controlled by the physician. The physician uses a separate selection control on the endoscope to select which images from the SBI processor 308 to store to the SBI archive device 404, allowing the physician the ability to record continuous video or discrete images. The SBI storage means output 408 is a digital device such as a printer or computer system, or any other recording means as would be known in the art.
[0041] The video frame grabber 302, frame mapper 304, input selector 306, SBI processor 308, and video output encoder 310 modules of the SBI/FPA Image Processor with SBI Digital Sample Data Output 400 are implemented using one or more microcontroller processors (which may be independently applied or embedded in an ASIC or FPGA), and may also include one or more discrete electronic support chips. The actual circuit implementation necessary to perform the digital signal processing necessary for color correction, dynamic range control, data mapping and other pixel manipulation processes could be done in a variety of ways that would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.
[0042] In alternative embodiment of the invention, the analog video inputs from the FPA video processor 103 can be composite, S-Video, or other component interfaces including xVGA, and can be in NTSC, PAL, SECAM, VESA, or other formats. In another embodiment of the invention, the video inputs from the FPA video processor 103 can be digital, including, but not limited to, the DVI, HDMI, or DV MPEG 4:2:2 standards. In these embodiments, the frame grabber 302 would be suitably adapted to handle the other
formats, acquiring the video frame by digitizing if it is an analog video signal, or acquiring the video frame by capturing the digital data if it is a digital video signal. In another embodiment the high resolution SBI monitor 402 could be a heads up display worn by the physician.
[0043] Programmable SBI/FPA Image Processor
[0044] Referring now to the schematic diagram of a programmable SBI/FPA Image
Processor 500 depicted in Fig. 5, a pixel-oriented video input 312 connects an FPA source 502 to both a programmable frame grabber 506 and a programmable digital format converter 508 which connect internally to a Cartesian backplane 524. The Cartesian backplane 524 connects to a programmable digital format converter 512 that connects to the pixel-oriented archive device 206 through the pixel-oriented storage means output 318. The Cartesian backplane 524 further connects to a programmable Cartesian format converter 514 that connects to the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 through the pixel-oriented video monitor output 316. The Cartesian backplane 524 further connects to a control processor with frame memory 520, a programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516, and a programmable SBI to Cartesian converter 518. The control processor with frame memory 520, the programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516, and the programmable SBI to Cartesian converter 518 also connect to an SBI backplane 526. The SBI backplane 526 connects to an SBI source 504 through an SBI input 314. The SBI backplane 526 also connects to the SBI input 314 through a programmable SBI format converter 510. The SBI backplane 526 further connects to an SBI archive device 404 through an SBI storage means output 408, and a high resolution SBI monitor 402 through an SBI video monitor output 406. A control backplane 522 connects the control processor with frame memory 520 to the programmable frame grabber 506, the programmable digital format converter 508, the programmable SBI format converter 510, the programmable digital format converter 512, the programmable Cartesian format converter 514, the programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516, and the programmable SBI to Cartesian converter 518.
[0045] An embodiment of the Programmable SBI/FPA Image Processor 500 has inputs for accepting either or both analog and digital video devices. The pixel-oriented video input 312 accepts video inputs from an FPA source 502. The FPA source 502 can be analog in which case the pixel-oriented video input 312 can be composite, S-Video, or other component interfaces including xVGA, and can be in NTSC, PAL, SECAM, VESA, or other formats. The pixel-oriented video input 312 can also be a digital interface for accepting DVI, HDMI, or DV MPEG 4:2:2 inputs from a digital FPA source 502.
[0046] The programmable frame grabber 506 acquires the analog video signal from an analog
FPA source 502 by digitizing each video frame into an internal pixel-oriented format and transfers each frame of video to the control processor with frame memory 520 across the Cartesian backplane 524. The programmable digital format converter similarly acquires a digital video signal from a digital FPA source 502 by converting the encoded frames of video into an internal pixel-oriented format and transfers each frame of video to the control processor with frame memory 520 across the Cartesian backplane 524.
[0047] The programmable SBI format converter 510 decodes an SBI source 504 input into an internal SBI format and transfers the digital data stream to the control processor with frame memory 520. Alternatively, the SBI source 504 can transfer the SBI formatted digital sample data stream directly to the control processor with frame memory 520 if it is already in the internal SBI format.
[0048] Once the pixel-oriented frame of video or SBI formatted digital sample data stream starts to transfer to the control processor with frame memory 520 it can start performing color correction, contrast and gamma control, and other imaging enhancing algorithms on the video data. Because SBI data samples can have greater resolution or include sampling of spectrum outside of the normal Red Green and Blue colorspace, the control processor with frame memory 520 may enhance the image differently depending upon whether the original image is from an FPA or an SBI imaging device. As an illustration only, if the SBI data samples include sampling of how much the imaged area fluoresced when an
incident beam shone on it, the control processor with frame memory 520 may highlight the area in an normally absent color such as bright green, or it could utilize an edge detection algorithm and draw a flashing bright white line around the perimeter of the area. If the area being imaged by the SBI source 504 contained a greater depth of colors than could be displayed on a high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204, the control processor with frame memory 520 could scale the intensity linearly or non-linearly to optimal levels for display. The control processor with frame memory 520 can also use data from previous frames or scans in enhancing the current video data. These and other image enhancing algorithms known to those having ordinary skill in the art could be utilized.
[0049] The control processor with frame memory 520 uses the control backplane 524 to control which of the input devices, 502, 504, to use as input, and which type of high resolution monitor, 204, 402, to use for displaying the video. In an alternate embodiment the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 or high resolution SBI monitor 402 could be a heads up display worn by the physician. The control processor with frame memory 520 also controls which images to send to the archive devices, 206, 404 and whether the archive device is to record continuous video or discrete images. The archive devices, 206, 404 can be either analog or digital storage devices.
[0050] The programmable SBI/FPA Image Processor 500 can run in four different modes: FPA source to SBI monitor mode; FPA source to pixel-oriented monitor mode, SBI source to pixel-oriented monitor mode; and SBI source to SBI monitor mode.
[0051] FPA source to SBI monitor mode
[0052] In FPA source to SBI monitor mode, the control processor with frame memory 520 forwards the pixel-oriented frame of video across the Cartesian backplane 524 to the programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516 . The programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516 converts the pixel-oriented video frame to an SBI formatted digital sample data stream, thereby rendering or mapping the original video signal from the FPA source
502 to the SBI format. The programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516 assigns each FPA pixel from the frame in a prescribed manner to create each new sample of the synthesized SBI formatted digital sample stream. In this process a portion of each FPA pixel's color value is assigned to one or more SBI sample stream locations. The control processor with frame memory 520 can then store the SBI formatted digital sample data stream back in memory, perform additional processing, or direct the SBI formatted digital sample data stream across the SBI backplane 526 to the high resolution SBI monitor 402 or the SBI archive device 404.
[0053] FPA source to pixel-oriented monitor mode
[0054] In FPA source to pixel-oriented monitor mode, the control processor with frame memory 520 forwards pixel-oriented frame of video across the Cartesian backplane 524 to the programmable Cartesian format converter 514, which puts the frame of video into the appropriate analog or digital format for display on the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204. If the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 is analog, the pixel- oriented video monitor output 316 can be composite, S-Video, or other component interfaces including xVGA, and can be in NTSC, PAL, SECAM, VESA, or other formats. If the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204 is digital, the pixel-oriented video monitor output 316 can be a digital interface for accepting DVI, HDMI, DV or other digital connections. The control processor with frame memory 520 can also direct the programmable digital format converter 512 to send the current frame of video on the Cartesian backplane 524 to the pixel-oriented archive device 206.
[0055] SBI source to pixel-oriented monitor mode
[0056] In SBI source to pixel-oriented monitor mode, the control processor with frame memory 520 forwards the SBI digital sample data stream across the SBI backplane 526 to the programmable SBI to Cartesian converter 518. The programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 518 converts the SBI digital sample data stream to a pixel-oriented video frame, thereby rendering or mapping the original video signal from the SBI source 504 to
the pixel-oriented format. The programmable SBI to Cartesian converter 518 assigns each SBI formatted sample to one or more FPA pixels in a prescribed manner to create each new sample of the synthesized pixel-oriented frame. In this process a portion of each SBA data sample's color value is assigned to one or more FPA pixels. The control processor with frame memory 520 can then store the pixel-oriented frame of video back in memory, perform additional processing, or direct the pixel-oriented frame of video across the Cartesian backplane 524 to the programmable Cartesian format converter 514, which puts the frame of video into the appropriate analog or digital format for display on the high resolution pixel-oriented monitor 204. The control processor with frame memory 520 can also direct the programmable digital format converter 512 to send the current frame of video on the Cartesian backplane 524 to the pixel-oriented archive device 206.
[0057] SBI source to SBI monitor mode
[0058] In SBI source to SBI monitor mode, the control processor with frame memory 520 can have both the high resolution SBI monitor 402 and the SBI archive device 404 use the current SBI formatted digital sample stream from the SBI source 504 present on SBI backplane 526. Alternatively, the control processor with frame memory 520 can store the SBI formatted digital sample data stream from the SBI source 504 in memory, perform additional processing, and then direct the modified SBI formatted digital sample stream back on the SBI backplane 526 to the high resolution SBI monitor 402 and the SBI archive device 404.
[0059] Processor and Backplane Architecture
[0060] The control processor with frame memory 520, the programmable frame grabber 506, the programmable digital format converter 508, the programmable SBI format converter 510, the programmable digital format converter 512, the programmable Cartesian format converter 514, the programmable Cartesian to SBI converter 516, and the programmable SBI to Cartesian converter 518 modules of the programmable SBI/FPA Image Processor
with SBI Digital Sample Data Output 500 are implemented using one or more microcontroller processors (which may be independently applied or embedded in an ASIC or FPGA), and may also include one or more discrete electronic support chips. The actual circuit implementation necessary to perform the digital signal processing necessary for color correction, dynamic range control, data mapping and other pixel manipulation processes could be implemented in circuitry and software in a variety of ways that would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.
[0061] The control backplane 522, the Cartesian backplane 524, and the SBI backplane 526 can be discrete backplanes or they can be logical backplanes running on a common physical backplane. Backplane technology is a well developed art and the backplanes could be implemented in circuitry and software in a variety of ways that would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.
[0062] Converting between SBI formatted data streams and Pixel-Oriented video frames
[0063] The dual resonant scanned beam imager is a class of MEMS oscillating mirror imagers with two orthogonal axis of rotation (labeled x and y) that operate in a resonant mode. By convention, the x-axis oscillation is referred to as the fast axis and the y-axis oscillation is referred to as the slow axis. When properly excited, the oscillating mirror causes a beam of light reflected from its surface to trace a geometric pattern known as a Lissajous figure or pattern. Based on the phase relationship of the slow and fast axis oscillation, the basic Lissajous pattern can precess. The number of slow axis cycles required to precess the pattern to an initial spatial point, is called the interleave factor.
x(t) = A sin(Wft + φ/ ) y(t) = Bcos(wst +φs )
[0064] The Lissajous pattern traced by an SBI is spatially repeated after a set number of oscillations on the slow axis (interleave factor). Once a reference point on the complete set of Lissajous patterns is identified, one can view the constant sample time, digital data stream captured at each optical detector as a vector of constant length, the SBI Data
Vector (SDVi). The number of samples in the vector (N) is equal to the interleave factor times the period of the slow axis oscillation divided by the sample interval (ts).
[0065] If there are multiple optical detectors sampled coincidently, then the SBI data stream can be viewed as a matrix, the SBI Data Matrix (SDM), that has a row count equal to the number of sampled detectors (M) and a column count equal to the number of samples in each SDV (N). For example, a system of comprising RGB channels plus an additional Fluorescence channel would be as follows.
SDV R SDVG
SDM = SDVB SDV v
[0066] The pixel-oriented video frame is represented as a pixel data matrix (PDM), a two- dimensional matrix with row and column indices that represent the display space. A typical system might have 600 rows (Y) and 800 columns (X). Each point in the data set is a triple representing red (R), green (G), and blue (B) display intensities.
( r0,0 ' §0,0 ' %0 / ( r0 799 ' §0,799 ' ^0,799 )
PDM =
/r599,0 > §599,0 > ^599,0 ) (r199,599 > §799,599 > ^799,599 )_
[0067] In order to conveniently describe matrix operations, it is useful to define a view of the matrix, PDM, that is a vector of length XY, and define that vector as PDV.
[0068] The transformation from matrix to vector representation can be achieved algorithmically. To transform data from the Lissajous SBI space SDM to the Cartesian pixel-oriented space PDM, a transformation matrix is defined. The transformation matrix is a N x XY matrix where N is the number of samples in the SDV; X is the number of horizontal
pixels in the Cartesian pixel-oriented space; Y is the number of vertical pixels in the Cartesian pixel-oriented space.
[0069] Referring now to Figure 6 provides a close-up look at the physical situation when converting from the Lissajous space SDM to the Cartesian space PDM. The grey crosses in the imaged area 600 represent the pixels in Cartesian Space mapped with the matrix origin located in the upper left hand corner. Each pixel is represented by conventional Cartesian coordinates (x,y). The solid line is the SBI beam path 602 and represents a portion of a specific trajectory of the dual resonant scanned beam through the imaged area 600. The black diamonds indicate SBI samples 604 taken along that SBI beam path 602. The SBI sample index (j) increases from the top left to bottom right in this depiction. The trajectory of the SBI beam path 602 (with increasing sample index) can be in any direction through a subset of the imaged area 600. Note that in Figure 6 the SBI samples 604 at the top left and bottom right are closer together than the SBI samples 604 in the center of the figure. This difference is shown to reinforce the implications of a constant data-sampling rate applied to resonant (sinusoidal) beams.
[0070] Conversion from Lissajous space SDM to Cartesian space PDM
[0071] In general, conversion from Lissajous space SDM to the Cartesian space PDM can be represented as the matrix multiplication:
[SDV][T] = [PDV]
[0072] If the number of samples in the SDV matrix is N and the size of the Cartesian space is X by Y, then the matrix, SDV, is of dimension I x N, the transformation matrix, T, is of dimension N by (X* Y) and the matrix PDV, is of dimension 1 by X* Y. In Figure 6, we are converting from Lissajous space SDM to the Cartesian space PDM for every sample and pixel, but it is instructive for purposes of illustrating the algorithm to concentrate on a single SBI data sample (m) 606.
[0073] The object is to distribute the data from the imaged area 600 at sample m 606 to the associated pixels 608 (those within the circle 610) in the pixel space. The following steps can be used to populate the T matrix:
[0074] Step 1 : Through precise knowledge of the path of the SBI beam (that knowledge is inherent in the scanner drive and positioning system) it is possible to identify the pixel data point closest to the SBI sample, m 606, at t = mΔts from the start of the frame. We denote that pixel with the indices (k,l).
[0075] Step 2: Construct a circle 610 in Cartesian space of radius, rj, over which the data from SBI sample, m 606, is going to be distributed to the associated pixels 608 contained within circle 610.
[0076] Step 3: For each associated pixel 608 (k+s,l+t), where s and t are integers that describe points in Cartesian space located within the circle constructed in step 2:
[0077] a. Compute the length (in Cartesian space), 1, of the vector from the
Cartesian space location of the SBI sample, m 606, to the center of the associated pixel 608, (k+s,l+t).
[0078] b. Calculate a weighting value, w, that is proportional to the length, of the
vector, such as: w = e Vd where:
w is the weighting factor, s is the length of the vector from the SBI data point (m) 606 to the associated pixel 608 of interest
F is a controllable constant that sets how fast the effects of the SBI data falls off as the value of 1 increases.
Td is the radius of the circle 610 over which the data from the SBI sample is being distributed
Other weighting functions as would be known in the art could also be used.
[0079] c. Record the value of w into the transformation matrix T at the x,y location of the subject pixel. The location in the matrix will be at the row m and the column which can be derived using the following mapping equations:
[0080] Define a m x n matrix A from which we wish to create a 1 x mn vector
B. Define the operation with the symbol ι— > . Write the mapping as A \→ B . Conceptually, B is a concatenation of each row of A starting at row 0 and ending at row m-1.
[0081] (i) Mathematically, define a function for the conversion of a two- dimensional space to a one-dimensional space:
j = Θ(x,y,m,n) where j is an integer offset from the start of a vector (j=0); x is the traditional display space notion of the horizontal displacement from the origin y is the traditional display space notion of the veritcal displacement from the origin. m is the number of rows in the matrix A n is the number of columns in the matrix A
Use the following instantiation of the function, Θ . j = yn + x where x is a positive integer less than m y is a positive integer less than n
[0082] (ii) Mathematically, define a set of functions for the conversion of a one-dimensional space into a two-dimensional space:
x = Θx( j,m,n) y = Θy(j,m,n) consistent with equation j = yn + x , use the following instantiation of the functions Θx,Θy :
x = j % n j - (j % n) n where % is the modulus operator.
[0083] Step 4(optional): It should be recognized that this method creates a sparse matrix,
T. To improve computational efficiency, one can use various methods as are known in the art to create a banded matrix amenable to hardware acceleration or optimized software algorithms.
[0084] Conversion from Cartesian space PDM to Lissajous space SDM
[0085] In general, conversion from Cartesian space PDM to Lissajous space SDM can be represented as a matrix multiplication. In general, one can convert from a imaged area 600 in Cartesian space to a SBI sample vector, m, by solving the matrix equation:
[0086] The equation yields the multi-bit (analog) scan beam vector, SDV, which would result from a multi-bit (analog) Cartesian space matrix, PDM. Note that in cases where the transformation matrix, T, is not square, the creation of the inverse matrix (the result of ,T, being in the denominator) can be computationally challenging. As would be known in the art, linear algebra can be used to accomplish this inversion for rectangular matrices.
[0087] Cartesian frames and FPA frames
[0088] SBI imagers have a wider dynamic range per pixel and generally support more pixels than FPA devices. Therefore, there will not be a one-to-one mapping for each SBI data point to each Cartesian pixel. As would be well known in the art, the conversion process from SBI space to FPA space would therefore be lossy. To decrease loss, especially for image enhancement and storage of raw data purposes, the processor can internally use a much larger Cartesian frame with greater dynamic range than would be output to a monitor or received from an FPA or SBI device, and simply downsample and reduce the
dynamic range appropriate to the monitor or storage device prior to outputting the video signal. Such a frame would facilitate a nearly lossless internal conversion between SBI and FPA spaces. It should be noted therefore, that this disclosure contemplates, and the claims should be read in light of, instances where the image processor uses an internal pixel frame that is both equal to, less than, or greater than that of an SBI or FPA pixel- oriented imaging device.
[0089] Conclusion
[0090] The numerous embodiments described above are applicable to a number of different applications. One particular application where the Combined SBI and FPA Image Processor is advantageous is in hospital operating room environments where space near a patient is at a premium and there is no room for multiple monitors, however there are many additional applications that would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
[0091] The embodiments of the invention shown in the drawings and described above are exemplary of numerous embodiments that may be made within the scope of the appended claims. It is contemplated that numerous other configurations of the disclosed system, process, and device for allowing different format imaging devices to use a common high resolution monitor may be created taking advantage of the disclosed approach. It is the applicant's intention that the scope of the patent issuing here from will be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1. An FPA and SBI image processor for FPA and SBI imaging devices, the apparatus comprising:
a first input port adapted for accepting a first SBI formatted digital sample data stream;
a second input port adapted for accepting a video signal from an FPA video source;
an FPA processor for rendering the video signal from the FPA video source to a second SBI formatted digital sample data stream;
a selector for selecting an SBI formatted digital sample data stream from the first or second SBI formatted digital sample data streams for processing;
an SBI processor means for generating processed data by processing the selected SBI formatted digital sample data stream; and
an output port adapted for outputting the processed data.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a high resolution monitor adapted to accept the processed data from the output port.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the high resolution monitor is selected from the group consisting of:
an SBI compatible monitor; and
a pixel-oriented FPA compatible monitor.
4. The apparatus of claim 2 where the high resolution monitor is a wearable heads- up display.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an archive adapted to accept the processed data from the output port.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the archive is selected from the group consisting of:
an SBI compatible archive; and
a pixel-oriented FPA compatible archive.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 where the FPA processor further comprises:
a frame grabber for acquiring an FPA video frame from the video signal; and
a frame mapper for rendering the FPA video frame into an SBI formatted digital sample data stream.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 where the FPA video source is one selected from the group consisting of:
the output of an FPA camera;
the output of a video recording device;
the output of an FPA video processor; and
a computer synthesized video stream.
9. An FPA and SBI image processor that allows both FPA and SBI imaging devices to use a common high resolution monitor and archive, the apparatus comprising:
an input port adapted for accepting a first SBI formatted digital sample data stream;
an input port adapted for accepting a video signal comprised of a first series of pixel-oriented video frames from an FPA video source;
a processor capable of (a) converting the first series of pixel-oriented video frames in the video signal to a second SBI formatted digital sample data stream; (b) rasterizing the first SBI formatted digital sample data stream into a second series of pixel-oriented video frames; (c) selecting a first output from the first SBI formatted digital sample data stream, the second SBI formatted digital sample data streams, the first series of pixel-oriented video frames, and the second series of pixel-oriented video frames; and (d) rendering the first output to a suitable format for the high resolution monitor; and
an output port adapted for outputting the first output to the high resolution monitor.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 where the processor is capable of performing image enhancing algorithms on the first SBI formatted digital sample data stream, the second SBI formatted digital sample data streams, the first series of pixel-oriented video frames, and the second series of pixel-oriented video frames.
11. The apparatus of claim 9 where the output port includes circuitry and a physical connector for connecting to a high resolution pixel-oriented FPA monitor.
12. The apparatus of claim 9 where the output port includes circuitry and a physical connector for connecting to a high resolution SBI monitor.
13. The apparatus of claim 9 where the processor is further capable of (e) selecting a second output from the first SBI formatted digital sample data stream, the second SBI formatted digital sample data streams, the first series of pixel-oriented video frames, and the second series of pixel-oriented video frames; and further comprising:
an archive output port adapted for outputting the second output to the archive device when triggered by a user.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 where the archive output port includes circuitry and a physical connector for connecting to a pixel-oriented archive device.
15. The apparatus of claim 13 where the archive output port includes circuitry and a physical connector for connecting to an SBI archive device.
16. The apparatus of claim 9 where the FPA video source is one selected from the group consisting of:
the output of an FPA camera;
the output of a video recording device;
the output of an FPA video processor; and
a computer synthesized video stream.
17. A method for allowing both an FPA video source and an SBI imaging device to use a common high resolution monitor and archive, the method comprising the steps of:
acquiring, as a first source, a series of pixel-oriented frames of video from the FPA video source;
inputting, as a second source, an SBI formatted digital sample data stream from the SBI imaging device;
selecting, as an output selection, one of the first source and the second source;
outputting the output selection to the high resolution monitor; and
triggering the output selection to be sent to the archive.
18. The method of claim 17, the method further comprising the step:
performing image enhancement processes on the output selection prior to outputting.
19. The method of claim 17, the method further comprising the step:
converting the first source into an SBI format.
20. The method of claim 17, the method further comprising the steps:
rasterizing the second source into a pixel-oriented FPA format; and
rendering the output selection to a suitable high resolution FPA video signal for use with the high resolution monitor.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/786,858 US7995045B2 (en) | 2007-04-13 | 2007-04-13 | Combined SBI and conventional image processor |
US11/786,858 | 2007-04-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2008127881A1 true WO2008127881A1 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
Family
ID=39561868
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2008/059235 WO2008127881A1 (en) | 2007-04-13 | 2008-04-03 | Combined sbi and conventional image processor |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7995045B2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008127881A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (205)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8035685B2 (en) * | 2007-07-30 | 2011-10-11 | General Electric Company | Systems and methods for communicating video data between a mobile imaging system and a fixed monitor system |
US8028094B2 (en) * | 2007-12-04 | 2011-09-27 | Vixs Systems, Inc. | USB video card and dongle device with video encoding and methods for use therewith |
US10108079B2 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2018-10-23 | Soraa Laser Diode, Inc. | Laser light source for a vehicle |
US8294714B1 (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2012-10-23 | Nvidia Corporation | Accelerated rendering with temporally interleaved details |
US11871901B2 (en) | 2012-05-20 | 2024-01-16 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method for situational awareness for surgical network or surgical network connected device capable of adjusting function based on a sensed situation or usage |
US20140005640A1 (en) | 2012-06-28 | 2014-01-02 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical end effector jaw and electrode configurations |
US11504192B2 (en) | 2014-10-30 | 2022-11-22 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method of hub communication with surgical instrument systems |
EP3235418A4 (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2018-10-24 | Olympus Corporation | Display control device and endoscope system |
US11144553B2 (en) | 2015-11-30 | 2021-10-12 | International Business Machines Corporation | Streaming programmable point mapper and compute hardware |
US10162936B2 (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2018-12-25 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Secure real-time healthcare information streaming |
CA2949383C (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2023-09-05 | Square Enix, Ltd. | Image processing method and computer-readable medium |
US11229436B2 (en) | 2017-10-30 | 2022-01-25 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical system comprising a surgical tool and a surgical hub |
US11317919B2 (en) | 2017-10-30 | 2022-05-03 | Cilag Gmbh International | Clip applier comprising a clip crimping system |
US11311342B2 (en) | 2017-10-30 | 2022-04-26 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method for communicating with surgical instrument systems |
US11510741B2 (en) | 2017-10-30 | 2022-11-29 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method for producing a surgical instrument comprising a smart electrical system |
US11291510B2 (en) | 2017-10-30 | 2022-04-05 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method of hub communication with surgical instrument systems |
US11911045B2 (en) | 2017-10-30 | 2024-02-27 | Cllag GmbH International | Method for operating a powered articulating multi-clip applier |
US20190125320A1 (en) | 2017-10-30 | 2019-05-02 | Ethicon Llc | Control system arrangements for a modular surgical instrument |
US11801098B2 (en) | 2017-10-30 | 2023-10-31 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method of hub communication with surgical instrument systems |
US11564756B2 (en) | 2017-10-30 | 2023-01-31 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method of hub communication with surgical instrument systems |
US11123070B2 (en) | 2017-10-30 | 2021-09-21 | Cilag Gmbh International | Clip applier comprising a rotatable clip magazine |
US11213359B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-01-04 | Cilag Gmbh International | Controllers for robot-assisted surgical platforms |
US11284936B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-03-29 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument having a flexible electrode |
JP7383615B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-11-20 | エシコン エルエルシー | Determining the state of an ultrasonic electromechanical system by frequency shifting |
US11559307B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-01-24 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method of robotic hub communication, detection, and control |
US10966791B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2021-04-06 | Ethicon Llc | Cloud-based medical analytics for medical facility segmented individualization of instrument function |
WO2019133144A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Ethicon Llc | Detection and escalation of security responses of surgical instruments to increasing severity threats |
US10944728B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2021-03-09 | Ethicon Llc | Interactive surgical systems with encrypted communication capabilities |
US11410259B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-08-09 | Cilag Gmbh International | Adaptive control program updates for surgical devices |
US11540855B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-01-03 | Cilag Gmbh International | Controlling activation of an ultrasonic surgical instrument according to the presence of tissue |
US10892899B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2021-01-12 | Ethicon Llc | Self describing data packets generated at an issuing instrument |
US20190205567A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Ethicon Llc | Data pairing to interconnect a device measured parameter with an outcome |
US11864728B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2024-01-09 | Cilag Gmbh International | Characterization of tissue irregularities through the use of mono-chromatic light refractivity |
US11419667B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-08-23 | Cilag Gmbh International | Ultrasonic energy device which varies pressure applied by clamp arm to provide threshold control pressure at a cut progression location |
US11464535B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-10-11 | Cilag Gmbh International | Detection of end effector emersion in liquid |
US11166772B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2021-11-09 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical hub coordination of control and communication of operating room devices |
US10695081B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2020-06-30 | Ethicon Llc | Controlling a surgical instrument according to sensed closure parameters |
US11076921B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2021-08-03 | Cilag Gmbh International | Adaptive control program updates for surgical hubs |
US11179208B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2021-11-23 | Cilag Gmbh International | Cloud-based medical analytics for security and authentication trends and reactive measures |
US11678881B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-06-20 | Cilag Gmbh International | Spatial awareness of surgical hubs in operating rooms |
US10755813B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2020-08-25 | Ethicon Llc | Communication of smoke evacuation system parameters to hub or cloud in smoke evacuation module for interactive surgical platform |
US11013563B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2021-05-25 | Ethicon Llc | Drive arrangements for robot-assisted surgical platforms |
US11376002B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-07-05 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument cartridge sensor assemblies |
US11896322B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2024-02-13 | Cilag Gmbh International | Sensing the patient position and contact utilizing the mono-polar return pad electrode to provide situational awareness to the hub |
US11857152B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2024-01-02 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical hub spatial awareness to determine devices in operating theater |
US11424027B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-08-23 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method for operating surgical instrument systems |
US11589888B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-02-28 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method for controlling smart energy devices |
BR112020012938B1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2024-01-09 | Ethicon Llc | ULTRASONIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENT |
US11051876B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2021-07-06 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical evacuation flow paths |
EP3505126B1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-06-22 | Ethicon LLC | Surgical evacuation system with a communication circuit for communication between a filter and a smoke evacuation device |
CN111511300B (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2024-01-09 | 爱惜康有限责任公司 | Increasing radio frequency to create a non-pad monopole loop |
US11571234B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-02-07 | Cilag Gmbh International | Temperature control of ultrasonic end effector and control system therefor |
BR112020012955A2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2020-12-01 | Ethicon Llc | surgical systems with prioritized data transmission capabilities |
BR112020013066A2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2020-12-01 | Ethicon Llc | surgical systems to detect irregularities in tissue distribution on the end actuator |
WO2019130115A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical instrument with a tissue marking assembly |
US20190206555A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Ethicon Llc | Cloud-based medical analytics for customization and recommendations to a user |
US11273001B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-03-15 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical hub and modular device response adjustment based on situational awareness |
US11109866B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2021-09-07 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method for circular stapler control algorithm adjustment based on situational awareness |
US20190200981A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Ethicon Llc | Method of compressing tissue within a stapling device and simultaneously displaying the location of the tissue within the jaws |
US11786245B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-10-17 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical systems with prioritized data transmission capabilities |
JP7387608B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-11-28 | エシコン エルエルシー | Surgical discharge sensing and generator control |
CN111526831A (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2020-08-11 | 爱惜康有限责任公司 | Surgical evacuation sensing and display |
US11832899B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-12-05 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical systems with autonomously adjustable control programs |
WO2019130111A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Ethicon Llc | Interruption of energy due to inadvertent capacitive coupling |
WO2019130124A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Ethicon Llc | Smoke evacuation system with a communication circuit for communication between a filter and a smoke evacuation device |
US10892995B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2021-01-12 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical network determination of prioritization of communication, interaction, or processing based on system or device needs |
US11304745B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-04-19 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical evacuation sensing and display |
US11278281B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-03-22 | Cilag Gmbh International | Interactive surgical system |
US11304763B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-04-19 | Cilag Gmbh International | Image capturing of the areas outside the abdomen to improve placement and control of a surgical device in use |
US11389164B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-07-19 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method of using reinforced flexible circuits with multiple sensors to optimize performance of radio frequency devices |
US11234756B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-02-01 | Cilag Gmbh International | Powered surgical tool with predefined adjustable control algorithm for controlling end effector parameter |
US11659023B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-05-23 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method of hub communication |
US11446052B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-09-20 | Cilag Gmbh International | Variation of radio frequency and ultrasonic power level in cooperation with varying clamp arm pressure to achieve predefined heat flux or power applied to tissue |
US11666331B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-06-06 | Cilag Gmbh International | Systems for detecting proximity of surgical end effector to cancerous tissue |
US11304699B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-04-19 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method for adaptive control schemes for surgical network control and interaction |
US11529187B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-12-20 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical evacuation sensor arrangements |
BR112020013095A2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2020-12-01 | Ethicon Llc | safety systems for intelligent surgical stapling equipped with motor |
US11818052B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-11-14 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical network determination of prioritization of communication, interaction, or processing based on system or device needs |
US11744604B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-09-05 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument with a hardware-only control circuit |
US11308075B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-04-19 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical network, instrument, and cloud responses based on validation of received dataset and authentication of its source and integrity |
MX2020006858A (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2020-08-24 | Ethicon Llc | Controlling an ultrasonic surgical instrument according to tissue location. |
US11903601B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2024-02-20 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument comprising a plurality of drive systems |
US20190201140A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical hub situational awareness |
CN111512388B (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2024-01-30 | 爱惜康有限责任公司 | Safety system for intelligent electric surgical suture |
US11324557B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-05-10 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument with a sensing array |
CN111526830A (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2020-08-11 | 爱惜康有限责任公司 | Fume extraction system including segmented control circuit for interactive surgical platform |
JP7286654B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-06-05 | エシコン エルエルシー | Controlling the operation of ultrasonic surgical instruments according to the presence of tissue |
US10987178B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2021-04-27 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical hub control arrangements |
US20190201146A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Ethicon Llc | Safety systems for smart powered surgical stapling |
US11179175B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2021-11-23 | Cilag Gmbh International | Controlling an ultrasonic surgical instrument according to tissue location |
US20190200906A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Ethicon Llc | Dual cmos array imaging |
US20190200997A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Ethicon Llc | Stapling device with both compulsory and discretionary lockouts based on sensed parameters |
WO2019130117A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical evacuation sensing and motor control |
US11896443B2 (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2024-02-13 | Cilag Gmbh International | Control of a surgical system through a surgical barrier |
CN111566748A (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2020-08-21 | 爱惜康有限责任公司 | Surgical instrument with flexible circuit |
US10943454B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2021-03-09 | Ethicon Llc | Detection and escalation of security responses of surgical instruments to increasing severity threats |
US11257589B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-02-22 | Cilag Gmbh International | Real-time analysis of comprehensive cost of all instrumentation used in surgery utilizing data fluidity to track instruments through stocking and in-house processes |
US11304720B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-04-19 | Cilag Gmbh International | Activation of energy devices |
US11291495B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-04-05 | Cilag Gmbh International | Interruption of energy due to inadvertent capacitive coupling |
US11432885B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-09-06 | Cilag Gmbh International | Sensing arrangements for robot-assisted surgical platforms |
US10849697B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2020-12-01 | Ethicon Llc | Cloud interface for coupled surgical devices |
US11364075B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-06-21 | Cilag Gmbh International | Radio frequency energy device for delivering combined electrical signals |
US11100631B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2021-08-24 | Cilag Gmbh International | Use of laser light and red-green-blue coloration to determine properties of back scattered light |
US10932872B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2021-03-02 | Ethicon Llc | Cloud-based medical analytics for linking of local usage trends with the resource acquisition behaviors of larger data set |
US20190201034A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Ethicon Llc | Powered stapling device configured to adjust force, advancement speed, and overall stroke of cutting member based on sensed parameter of firing or clamping |
US20190201090A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Ethicon Llc | Capacitive coupled return path pad with separable array elements |
US11253315B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-02-22 | Cilag Gmbh International | Increasing radio frequency to create pad-less monopolar loop |
JP7271555B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-05-11 | エシコン エルエルシー | surgical drainage channel |
BR112020013026A2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2020-11-24 | Ethicon Llc | provisions for surgical evacuation sensors |
WO2019130083A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Ethicon Llc | Controlling a surgical instrument according to sensed closure parameters |
CN111526816B (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2024-03-08 | 爱惜康有限责任公司 | Detecting presence of end effector in liquid |
US11160605B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2021-11-02 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical evacuation sensing and motor control |
US20190201102A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical network recommendations from real time analysis of procedure variables against a baseline highlighting differences from the optimal solution |
BR112020012951A2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2020-12-01 | Ethicon Llc | variable output cartridge sensor assembly |
US11069012B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2021-07-20 | Cilag Gmbh International | Interactive surgical systems with condition handling of devices and data capabilities |
BR112020013049A2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2020-12-01 | Ethicon Llc | communication of parameters from a smoke evacuation system to a central controller or to the cloud in a smoke evacuation module for interactive surgical platform |
US11633237B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-04-25 | Cilag Gmbh International | Usage and technique analysis of surgeon / staff performance against a baseline to optimize device utilization and performance for both current and future procedures |
US11311306B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-04-26 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical systems for detecting end effector tissue distribution irregularities |
US10758310B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2020-09-01 | Ethicon Llc | Wireless pairing of a surgical device with another device within a sterile surgical field based on the usage and situational awareness of devices |
US11132462B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2021-09-28 | Cilag Gmbh International | Data stripping method to interrogate patient records and create anonymized record |
US11423007B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-08-23 | Cilag Gmbh International | Adjustment of device control programs based on stratified contextual data in addition to the data |
BR112020012556A2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2020-11-24 | Ethicon Llc | surgical instrument that has a flexible electrode |
JP7279051B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-05-22 | エシコン エルエルシー | Determining the state of the ultrasonic end effector |
WO2019130091A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Ethicon Llc | Capacitive coupled return path pad with separable array elements |
CN111527564A (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2020-08-11 | 爱惜康有限责任公司 | Surgical instrument cartridge sensor assembly |
US11786251B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-10-17 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method for adaptive control schemes for surgical network control and interaction |
US11317937B2 (en) | 2018-03-08 | 2022-05-03 | Cilag Gmbh International | Determining the state of an ultrasonic end effector |
US20190201130A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Ethicon Llc | Communication of data where a surgical network is using context of the data and requirements of a receiving system / user to influence inclusion or linkage of data and metadata to establish continuity |
US20190200987A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Ethicon Llc | Variable output cartridge sensor assembly |
US11576677B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-02-14 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method of hub communication, processing, display, and cloud analytics |
US11096693B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2021-08-24 | Cilag Gmbh International | Adjustment of staple height of at least one row of staples based on the sensed tissue thickness or force in closing |
US11559308B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-01-24 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method for smart energy device infrastructure |
US11832840B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-12-05 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument having a flexible circuit |
US11464559B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-10-11 | Cilag Gmbh International | Estimating state of ultrasonic end effector and control system therefor |
US11202570B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2021-12-21 | Cilag Gmbh International | Communication hub and storage device for storing parameters and status of a surgical device to be shared with cloud based analytics systems |
EP3505095B1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-07-06 | Ethicon LLC | Mechanisms for controlling different electromechanical systems of an electrosurgical instrument |
US11266468B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-03-08 | Cilag Gmbh International | Cooperative utilization of data derived from secondary sources by intelligent surgical hubs |
JP7282782B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-05-29 | エシコン エルエルシー | System for detecting proximity of surgical end effector to cancerous tissue |
US20190200980A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical system for presenting information interpreted from external data |
WO2019130108A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Ethicon Llc | Situational awareness of electrosurgical systems |
US11147607B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2021-10-19 | Cilag Gmbh International | Bipolar combination device that automatically adjusts pressure based on energy modality |
US11419630B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2022-08-23 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical system distributed processing |
WO2019130125A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Ethicon Llc | Dual in-series large and small droplet filters |
US20190206561A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Ethicon Llc | Data handling and prioritization in a cloud analytics network |
US11771487B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-10-03 | Cilag Gmbh International | Mechanisms for controlling different electromechanical systems of an electrosurgical instrument |
US11056244B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2021-07-06 | Cilag Gmbh International | Automated data scaling, alignment, and organizing based on predefined parameters within surgical networks |
US10898622B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2021-01-26 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical evacuation system with a communication circuit for communication between a filter and a smoke evacuation device |
US20190201112A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Ethicon Llc | Computer implemented interactive surgical systems |
US11844579B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-12-19 | Cilag Gmbh International | Adjustments based on airborne particle properties |
US11672605B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-06-13 | Cilag Gmbh International | Sterile field interactive control displays |
US20190201115A1 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Ethicon Llc | Aggregation and reporting of surgical hub data |
US11602393B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-03-14 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical evacuation sensing and generator control |
US11337746B2 (en) | 2018-03-08 | 2022-05-24 | Cilag Gmbh International | Smart blade and power pulsing |
US11534196B2 (en) | 2018-03-08 | 2022-12-27 | Cilag Gmbh International | Using spectroscopy to determine device use state in combo instrument |
US11259830B2 (en) | 2018-03-08 | 2022-03-01 | Cilag Gmbh International | Methods for controlling temperature in ultrasonic device |
US10973520B2 (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2021-04-13 | Ethicon Llc | Surgical staple cartridge with firing member driven camming assembly that has an onboard tissue cutting feature |
US11219453B2 (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2022-01-11 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical stapling devices with cartridge compatible closure and firing lockout arrangements |
US11090047B2 (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2021-08-17 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument comprising an adaptive control system |
US11166716B2 (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2021-11-09 | Cilag Gmbh International | Stapling instrument comprising a deactivatable lockout |
US11589865B2 (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2023-02-28 | Cilag Gmbh International | Methods for controlling a powered surgical stapler that has separate rotary closure and firing systems |
US11278280B2 (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2022-03-22 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument comprising a jaw closure lockout |
US11096688B2 (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2021-08-24 | Cilag Gmbh International | Rotary driven firing members with different anvil and channel engagement features |
EP3547326A1 (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2019-10-02 | Ethicon LLC | Method of sensing particulate from smoke evacuated from a patient adjusting the pump speed based on the sensed information, and communicating the functional parameters of the system to the hub |
EP3545862A3 (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2019-12-25 | Ethicon LLC | Method of compressing tissue within a stapling device and simultaneously displaying the location of the tissue within the jaws |
US11471156B2 (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2022-10-18 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical stapling devices with improved rotary driven closure systems |
EP3545887A1 (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2019-10-02 | Ethicon LLC | Method for smoke evacuation for surgical hub |
US11207067B2 (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2021-12-28 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical stapling device with separate rotary driven closure and firing systems and firing member that engages both jaws while firing |
WO2019186501A1 (en) | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-03 | Ethicon Llc | Method of sensing particulate from smoke evacuated from a patient, adjusting the pump speed based on the sensed information, and communicating the functional parameters of the system to the hub |
CN112533547A (en) | 2018-03-30 | 2021-03-19 | 爱惜康有限责任公司 | Method of compressing tissue within a suturing device while simultaneously displaying the position of the tissue within the jaws |
CN111936071A (en) | 2018-03-30 | 2020-11-13 | 爱惜康有限责任公司 | Method for smoke evacuation for surgical hub |
BR102019017761A2 (en) | 2018-08-28 | 2020-05-26 | Ethicon Llc | TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF THE ULTRASONIC END ACTUATOR AND CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THE SAME |
US11923084B2 (en) | 2018-09-07 | 2024-03-05 | Cilag Gmbh International | First and second communication protocol arrangement for driving primary and secondary devices through a single port |
US20200078120A1 (en) | 2018-09-07 | 2020-03-12 | Ethicon Llc | Modular surgical energy system with module positional awareness with digital logic |
US20200078071A1 (en) | 2018-09-07 | 2020-03-12 | Ethicon Llc | Instrument tracking arrangement based on real time clock information |
US11804679B2 (en) | 2018-09-07 | 2023-10-31 | Cilag Gmbh International | Flexible hand-switch circuit |
US11471206B2 (en) | 2018-09-07 | 2022-10-18 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method for controlling a modular energy system user interface |
US11421843B2 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2022-08-23 | Kyocera Sld Laser, Inc. | Fiber-delivered laser-induced dynamic light system |
US11239637B2 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2022-02-01 | Kyocera Sld Laser, Inc. | Fiber delivered laser induced white light system |
US11259807B2 (en) | 2019-02-19 | 2022-03-01 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridges with cam surfaces configured to engage primary and secondary portions of a lockout of a surgical stapling device |
US11357503B2 (en) | 2019-02-19 | 2022-06-14 | Cilag Gmbh International | Staple cartridge retainers with frangible retention features and methods of using same |
US11751872B2 (en) | 2019-02-19 | 2023-09-12 | Cilag Gmbh International | Insertable deactivator element for surgical stapler lockouts |
US11369377B2 (en) | 2019-02-19 | 2022-06-28 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical stapling assembly with cartridge based retainer configured to unlock a firing lockout |
US11317915B2 (en) | 2019-02-19 | 2022-05-03 | Cilag Gmbh International | Universal cartridge based key feature that unlocks multiple lockout arrangements in different surgical staplers |
US20200305924A1 (en) | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-01 | Ethicon Llc | Automatic ultrasonic energy activation circuit design for modular surgical systems |
US11218822B2 (en) | 2019-03-29 | 2022-01-04 | Cilag Gmbh International | Audio tone construction for an energy module of a modular energy system |
USD952144S1 (en) | 2019-06-25 | 2022-05-17 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical staple cartridge retainer with firing system authentication key |
USD950728S1 (en) | 2019-06-25 | 2022-05-03 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical staple cartridge |
USD964564S1 (en) | 2019-06-25 | 2022-09-20 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical staple cartridge retainer with a closure system authentication key |
US11013569B2 (en) | 2019-06-27 | 2021-05-25 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical systems with interchangeable motor packs |
US11399906B2 (en) | 2019-06-27 | 2022-08-02 | Cilag Gmbh International | Robotic surgical system for controlling close operation of end-effectors |
US11376083B2 (en) | 2019-06-27 | 2022-07-05 | Cilag Gmbh International | Determining robotic surgical assembly coupling status |
US11376082B2 (en) | 2019-06-27 | 2022-07-05 | Cilag Gmbh International | Robotic surgical system with local sensing of functional parameters based on measurements of multiple physical inputs |
US11369443B2 (en) | 2019-06-27 | 2022-06-28 | Cilag Gmbh International | Method of using a surgical modular robotic assembly |
US11607278B2 (en) | 2019-06-27 | 2023-03-21 | Cilag Gmbh International | Cooperative robotic surgical systems |
US11547468B2 (en) | 2019-06-27 | 2023-01-10 | Cilag Gmbh International | Robotic surgical system with safety and cooperative sensing control |
US11278362B2 (en) | 2019-06-27 | 2022-03-22 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument drive systems |
US11413102B2 (en) | 2019-06-27 | 2022-08-16 | Cilag Gmbh International | Multi-access port for surgical robotic systems |
US11723729B2 (en) | 2019-06-27 | 2023-08-15 | Cilag Gmbh International | Robotic surgical assembly coupling safety mechanisms |
US11207146B2 (en) | 2019-06-27 | 2021-12-28 | Cilag Gmbh International | Surgical instrument drive systems with cable-tightening system |
US11612445B2 (en) | 2019-06-27 | 2023-03-28 | Cilag Gmbh International | Cooperative operation of robotic arms |
USD928726S1 (en) | 2019-09-05 | 2021-08-24 | Cilag Gmbh International | Energy module monopolar port |
USD928725S1 (en) | 2019-09-05 | 2021-08-24 | Cilag Gmbh International | Energy module |
USD939545S1 (en) | 2019-09-05 | 2021-12-28 | Cilag Gmbh International | Display panel or portion thereof with graphical user interface for energy module |
USD924139S1 (en) | 2019-09-05 | 2021-07-06 | Ethicon Llc | Energy module with a backplane connector |
US11857252B2 (en) | 2021-03-30 | 2024-01-02 | Cilag Gmbh International | Bezel with light blocking features for modular energy system |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003088643A2 (en) * | 2002-04-09 | 2003-10-23 | Microvision, Inc. | Scanned beam display system |
US20050116038A1 (en) * | 2003-11-14 | 2005-06-02 | Lewis John R. | Scanned beam imager |
US20060195014A1 (en) * | 2005-02-28 | 2006-08-31 | University Of Washington | Tethered capsule endoscope for Barrett's Esophagus screening |
Family Cites Families (317)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3758199A (en) | 1971-11-22 | 1973-09-11 | Sperry Rand Corp | Piezoelectrically actuated light deflector |
US3959582A (en) | 1975-03-31 | 1976-05-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Solid state electronically rotatable raster scan for television cameras |
US4082635A (en) | 1976-08-02 | 1978-04-04 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Ultraviolet light-curable diacrylate hydantoin adhesive compositions |
US4141362A (en) | 1977-05-23 | 1979-02-27 | Richard Wolf Gmbh | Laser endoscope |
US4313431A (en) | 1978-12-06 | 1982-02-02 | Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter Haftung | Endoscopic apparatus with a laser light conductor |
JPS5695902A (en) | 1979-12-29 | 1981-08-03 | Toyobo Co Ltd | Uv-curable resin composition |
JPS56145017U (en) | 1980-04-01 | 1981-11-02 | ||
JPS57125731A (en) | 1981-01-26 | 1982-08-05 | Olympus Optical Co | Illumination system for endoscope |
JPS57150939A (en) | 1981-03-16 | 1982-09-17 | Olympus Optical Co | Endoscope apparatus |
JPS57160426A (en) | 1981-03-25 | 1982-10-02 | Olympus Optical Co | Endoscope apparatus |
US4409477A (en) | 1981-06-22 | 1983-10-11 | Sanders Associates, Inc. | Scanning optical system |
JPS5886787A (en) | 1981-11-19 | 1983-05-24 | Nippon Sekigaisen Kogyo Kk | Laser emitting device |
US4576999A (en) | 1982-05-06 | 1986-03-18 | General Electric Company | Ultraviolet radiation-curable silicone release compositions with epoxy and/or acrylic functionality |
US4597380A (en) | 1982-09-30 | 1986-07-01 | Laser Industries Ltd. | Endoscopic attachment to a surgical laser |
US4643967A (en) | 1983-07-07 | 1987-02-17 | Bryant Bernard J | Antibody method for lowering risk of susceptibility to HLA-associated diseases in future human generations |
JPH0741082B2 (en) | 1984-09-14 | 1995-05-10 | オリンパス光学工業株式会社 | Laser probe |
US5318024A (en) | 1985-03-22 | 1994-06-07 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Laser endoscope for spectroscopic imaging |
US4872458A (en) | 1986-09-16 | 1989-10-10 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Thermotherapy apparatus |
JPH07119893B2 (en) | 1986-09-22 | 1995-12-20 | オリンパス光学工業株式会社 | Endoscope optical system |
US4760840A (en) | 1986-12-16 | 1988-08-02 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Endoscopic laser instrument |
US5251025A (en) | 1987-03-05 | 1993-10-05 | Fuji Optical Systems, Inc. | Electronic video dental camera |
US4803550A (en) | 1987-04-17 | 1989-02-07 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Imaging apparatus having illumination means |
US4934773A (en) | 1987-07-27 | 1990-06-19 | Reflection Technology, Inc. | Miniature video display system |
US5003300A (en) | 1987-07-27 | 1991-03-26 | Reflection Technology, Inc. | Head mounted display for miniature video display system |
US5078150A (en) | 1988-05-02 | 1992-01-07 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Spectral diagnosing apparatus with endoscope |
US5200819A (en) | 1988-05-27 | 1993-04-06 | The University Of Connecticut | Multi-dimensional imaging system for endoscope |
US5172685A (en) | 1988-05-27 | 1992-12-22 | The University Of Connecticut | Endoscope and video laser camera system therefor |
US4938205A (en) | 1988-05-27 | 1990-07-03 | The University Of Connecticut | Endoscope with traced raster and elemental photodetectors |
US5200838A (en) | 1988-05-27 | 1993-04-06 | The University Of Connecticut | Lateral effect imaging system |
US4902083A (en) | 1988-05-31 | 1990-02-20 | Reflection Technology, Inc. | Low vibration resonant scanning unit for miniature optical display apparatus |
US5048077A (en) | 1988-07-25 | 1991-09-10 | Reflection Technology, Inc. | Telephone handset with full-page visual display |
US5023905A (en) | 1988-07-25 | 1991-06-11 | Reflection Technology, Inc. | Pocket data receiver with full page visual display |
DE3837248A1 (en) | 1988-10-28 | 1990-05-03 | Teichmann Heinrich Otto Dr Phy | Device for treating skin lesions |
US5074860A (en) | 1989-06-09 | 1991-12-24 | Heraeus Lasersonics, Inc. | Apparatus for directing 10.6 micron laser radiation to a tissue site |
US5071417A (en) | 1990-06-15 | 1991-12-10 | Rare Earth Medical Lasers, Inc. | Laser fusion of biological materials |
JP3012341B2 (en) | 1990-12-25 | 2000-02-21 | オリンパス光学工業株式会社 | Endoscope device |
US5163936A (en) | 1991-01-22 | 1992-11-17 | Reliant Laser Corp. | Endoscopic mirror laser beam delivery system and method for controlling alignment |
US5217453A (en) | 1991-03-18 | 1993-06-08 | Wilk Peter J | Automated surgical system and apparatus |
US6485413B1 (en) | 1991-04-29 | 2002-11-26 | The General Hospital Corporation | Methods and apparatus for forward-directed optical scanning instruments |
US5251613A (en) | 1991-05-06 | 1993-10-12 | Adair Edwin Lloyd | Method of cervical videoscope with detachable camera |
US5218195A (en) | 1991-06-25 | 1993-06-08 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Scanning microscope, scanning width detecting device, and magnification indicating apparatus |
US5436655A (en) | 1991-08-09 | 1995-07-25 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Endoscope apparatus for three dimensional measurement for scanning spot light to execute three dimensional measurement |
US5163945A (en) | 1991-10-18 | 1992-11-17 | Ethicon, Inc. | Surgical clip applier |
AU671607B2 (en) | 1991-11-06 | 1996-09-05 | Shui T. Lai | Corneal surgery device and method |
US5334991A (en) | 1992-05-15 | 1994-08-02 | Reflection Technology | Dual image head-mounted display |
US5192288A (en) | 1992-05-26 | 1993-03-09 | Origin Medsystems, Inc. | Surgical clip applier |
US5370643A (en) | 1992-07-06 | 1994-12-06 | Ceramoptec, Inc. | Multiple effect laser delivery device and system for medical procedures |
US5467104A (en) | 1992-10-22 | 1995-11-14 | Board Of Regents Of The University Of Washington | Virtual retinal display |
US6008781A (en) | 1992-10-22 | 1999-12-28 | Board Of Regents Of The University Of Washington | Virtual retinal display |
US5596339A (en) | 1992-10-22 | 1997-01-21 | University Of Washington | Virtual retinal display with fiber optic point source |
US5562696A (en) | 1992-11-12 | 1996-10-08 | Cordis Innovasive Systems, Inc. | Visualization trocar |
US5735792A (en) | 1992-11-25 | 1998-04-07 | Clarus Medical Systems, Inc. | Surgical instrument including viewing optics and an atraumatic probe |
US5387197A (en) | 1993-02-25 | 1995-02-07 | Ethicon, Inc. | Trocar safety shield locking mechanism |
US5552452A (en) | 1993-03-15 | 1996-09-03 | Arch Development Corp. | Organic tissue glue for closure of wounds |
US5393647A (en) | 1993-07-16 | 1995-02-28 | Armand P. Neukermans | Method of making superhard tips for micro-probe microscopy and field emission |
KR970004845Y1 (en) | 1993-09-27 | 1997-05-21 | 주식회사 수호메디테크 | Stent for expanding a lumen |
US6426013B1 (en) | 1993-10-18 | 2002-07-30 | Xros, Inc. | Method for fabricating micromachined members coupled for relative rotation |
US6044705A (en) | 1993-10-18 | 2000-04-04 | Xros, Inc. | Micromachined members coupled for relative rotation by torsion bars |
US6467345B1 (en) | 1993-10-18 | 2002-10-22 | Xros, Inc. | Method of operating micromachined members coupled for relative rotation |
US5629790A (en) | 1993-10-18 | 1997-05-13 | Neukermans; Armand P. | Micromachined torsional scanner |
US5488862A (en) | 1993-10-18 | 1996-02-06 | Armand P. Neukermans | Monolithic silicon rate-gyro with integrated sensors |
JP2703510B2 (en) | 1993-12-28 | 1998-01-26 | アドヴァンスド カーディオヴァスキュラー システムズ インコーポレーテッド | Expandable stent and method of manufacturing the same |
JPH07299029A (en) | 1994-03-11 | 1995-11-14 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | Endoscopic device |
FR2717365B1 (en) | 1994-03-21 | 1996-05-15 | Rech Biolog Et | Infrared fluorescence endoscopic or fibroscopic imaging device. |
US5590660A (en) | 1994-03-28 | 1997-01-07 | Xillix Technologies Corp. | Apparatus and method for imaging diseased tissue using integrated autofluorescence |
US5823943A (en) | 1994-08-02 | 1998-10-20 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd | Light source device for endoscopes |
US5531740A (en) | 1994-09-06 | 1996-07-02 | Rapistan Demag Corporation | Automatic color-activated scanning treatment of dermatological conditions by laser |
US5557444A (en) | 1994-10-26 | 1996-09-17 | University Of Washington | Miniature optical scanner for a two axis scanning system |
AUPN066795A0 (en) | 1995-01-20 | 1995-02-16 | Macquarie Research Limited | Method of repair |
US6284185B1 (en) | 1995-04-28 | 2001-09-04 | Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Ultraviolet-curable adhesive composition for bonding opaque substrates |
US6017603A (en) | 1995-04-28 | 2000-01-25 | Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Ultraviolet-curing adhesive composition and article |
EP0768353A4 (en) | 1995-04-28 | 1998-10-14 | Nippon Kayaku Kk | Ultraviolet-curing adhesive composition |
US5713891A (en) | 1995-06-02 | 1998-02-03 | Children's Medical Center Corporation | Modified solder for delivery of bioactive substances and methods of use thereof |
US5657165A (en) | 1995-10-11 | 1997-08-12 | Reflection Technology, Inc. | Apparatus and method for generating full-color images using two light sources |
US5822486A (en) | 1995-11-02 | 1998-10-13 | General Scanning, Inc. | Scanned remote imaging method and system and method of determining optimum design characteristics of a filter for use therein |
US6749346B1 (en) | 1995-11-07 | 2004-06-15 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Miniature scanning confocal microscope |
US5907425A (en) | 1995-12-19 | 1999-05-25 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Miniature scanning confocal microscope |
US5742419A (en) | 1995-11-07 | 1998-04-21 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior Universtiy | Miniature scanning confocal microscope |
US6174424B1 (en) | 1995-11-20 | 2001-01-16 | Cirrex Corp. | Couplers for optical fibers |
US5861549A (en) | 1996-12-10 | 1999-01-19 | Xros, Inc. | Integrated Silicon profilometer and AFM head |
JP2000502468A (en) | 1995-12-26 | 2000-02-29 | クセロス・インク | Compact document scanner or printer engine |
US5895866A (en) | 1996-01-22 | 1999-04-20 | Neukermans; Armand P. | Micromachined silicon micro-flow meter |
JPH09215660A (en) | 1996-02-13 | 1997-08-19 | Fuji Photo Optical Co Ltd | Image generating device for endoscope |
US5742421A (en) | 1996-03-01 | 1998-04-21 | Reflection Technology, Inc. | Split lens video display system |
US5701132A (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1997-12-23 | University Of Washington | Virtual retinal display with expanded exit pupil |
US5728121A (en) | 1996-04-17 | 1998-03-17 | Teleflex Medical, Inc. | Surgical grasper devices |
WO1997041527A1 (en) | 1996-05-01 | 1997-11-06 | Xros, Inc. | Compact, simple, 2d raster, image-building fingerprint scanner |
JPH09299327A (en) | 1996-05-15 | 1997-11-25 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | Light source device for endoscope |
US6353183B1 (en) | 1996-05-23 | 2002-03-05 | The Siemon Company | Adapter plate for use with cable adapters |
US6013025A (en) | 1996-07-11 | 2000-01-11 | Micro Medical Devices, Inc. | Integrated illumination and imaging system |
US6016440A (en) | 1996-07-29 | 2000-01-18 | Bruker Analytik Gmbh | Device for infrared (IR) spectroscopic investigations of internal surfaces of a body |
US5694237A (en) | 1996-09-25 | 1997-12-02 | University Of Washington | Position detection of mechanical resonant scanner mirror |
US6293911B1 (en) | 1996-11-20 | 2001-09-25 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Fluorescent endoscope system enabling simultaneous normal light observation and fluorescence observation in infrared spectrum |
DE19743431B4 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2011-02-17 | Karl Storz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Endoscope with composite window |
US5782742A (en) | 1997-01-31 | 1998-07-21 | Cardiovascular Dynamics, Inc. | Radiation delivery balloon |
US5867297A (en) | 1997-02-07 | 1999-02-02 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Apparatus and method for optical scanning with an oscillatory microelectromechanical system |
US6059720A (en) | 1997-03-07 | 2000-05-09 | Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Endoscope system with amplification of fluorescent image |
DE19709861C2 (en) | 1997-03-11 | 1999-04-01 | Vitcon Projektconsult Gmbh | Device for ablation of material using laser radiation |
US5879332A (en) | 1997-03-26 | 1999-03-09 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Trocar having protector with flexible end |
EP1012890A1 (en) | 1997-04-01 | 2000-06-28 | Xros, Inc. | Adjusting operating characteristics of micromachined torsional oscillators |
US5982528A (en) | 1998-01-20 | 1999-11-09 | University Of Washington | Optical scanner having piezoelectric drive |
US6049407A (en) | 1997-05-05 | 2000-04-11 | University Of Washington | Piezoelectric scanner |
US6046720A (en) | 1997-05-07 | 2000-04-04 | University Of Washington | Point source scanning apparatus and method |
US6204832B1 (en) | 1997-05-07 | 2001-03-20 | University Of Washington | Image display with lens array scanning relative to light source array |
US5817061A (en) | 1997-05-16 | 1998-10-06 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Trocar assembly |
US6366319B1 (en) * | 1997-07-03 | 2002-04-02 | Photronics Corp. | Subtractive color processing system for digital imaging |
EP0996922A4 (en) | 1997-07-23 | 2001-01-17 | Xros Inc | Improved handheld document scanner |
US6608297B2 (en) | 1997-07-23 | 2003-08-19 | Xeros, Inc. | Scanner document speed encoder |
US6229139B1 (en) | 1998-07-23 | 2001-05-08 | Xros, Inc. | Handheld document scanner |
US6056721A (en) | 1997-08-08 | 2000-05-02 | Sunscope International, Inc. | Balloon catheter and method |
US6024744A (en) | 1997-08-27 | 2000-02-15 | Ethicon, Inc. | Combined bipolar scissor and grasper |
US6327493B1 (en) | 1997-08-28 | 2001-12-04 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Light scanning devices of a water-tight structure to be inserted into a body cavity to obtain optical information on inside of a biological tissue |
US6086528A (en) | 1997-09-11 | 2000-07-11 | Adair; Edwin L. | Surgical devices with removable imaging capability and methods of employing same |
US6017356A (en) | 1997-09-19 | 2000-01-25 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery Inc. | Method for using a trocar for penetration and skin incision |
US6071308A (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2000-06-06 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Flexible metal wire stent |
FR2769375B1 (en) | 1997-10-08 | 2001-01-19 | Univ Joseph Fourier | VARIABLE FOCAL LENS |
US6207392B1 (en) | 1997-11-25 | 2001-03-27 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Semiconductor nanocrystal probes for biological applications and process for making and using such probes |
US6221068B1 (en) | 1998-01-15 | 2001-04-24 | Northwestern University | Method for welding tissue |
US6154321A (en) | 1998-01-20 | 2000-11-28 | University Of Washington | Virtual retinal display with eye tracking |
US6097353A (en) | 1998-01-20 | 2000-08-01 | University Of Washington | Augmented retinal display with view tracking and data positioning |
US5982555A (en) | 1998-01-20 | 1999-11-09 | University Of Washington | Virtual retinal display with eye tracking |
US5913591A (en) | 1998-01-20 | 1999-06-22 | University Of Washington | Augmented imaging using a silhouette to improve contrast |
US5995264A (en) | 1998-01-20 | 1999-11-30 | University Of Washington | Counter balanced optical scanner |
KR20010040418A (en) | 1998-01-26 | 2001-05-15 | 자밀라 제트. 허벡 | Fluorescence imaging endoscope |
US6364829B1 (en) | 1999-01-26 | 2002-04-02 | Newton Laboratories, Inc. | Autofluorescence imaging system for endoscopy |
DE19804797A1 (en) | 1998-02-07 | 1999-08-12 | Storz Karl Gmbh & Co | Device for endoscopic fluorescence diagnosis of tissue |
US6043799A (en) | 1998-02-20 | 2000-03-28 | University Of Washington | Virtual retinal display with scanner array for generating multiple exit pupils |
WO1999047041A1 (en) | 1998-03-19 | 1999-09-23 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Fiber-optic confocal imaging apparatus and methods of use |
AU3475099A (en) | 1998-04-06 | 1999-10-25 | Cornell Research Foundation Inc. | Composition for tissue welding and method of use |
US6462770B1 (en) | 1998-04-20 | 2002-10-08 | Xillix Technologies Corp. | Imaging system with automatic gain control for reflectance and fluorescence endoscopy |
US6200595B1 (en) | 1998-04-24 | 2001-03-13 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Medical adhesive |
US5903397A (en) | 1998-05-04 | 1999-05-11 | University Of Washington | Display with multi-surface eyepiece |
US6172789B1 (en) | 1999-01-14 | 2001-01-09 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Light scanning device and confocal optical device using the same |
AUPP421498A0 (en) | 1998-06-18 | 1998-07-09 | Macquarie Research Limited | Method of tissue repair |
AUPP484998A0 (en) | 1998-07-24 | 1998-08-20 | Krone Aktiengesellschaft | Electrical connector |
US6583772B1 (en) | 1998-08-05 | 2003-06-24 | Microvision, Inc. | Linked scanner imaging system and method |
US6151167A (en) | 1998-08-05 | 2000-11-21 | Microvision, Inc. | Scanned display with dual signal fiber transmission |
US6417502B1 (en) | 1998-08-05 | 2002-07-09 | Microvision, Inc. | Millimeter wave scanning imaging system having central reflectors |
US7098871B1 (en) | 1998-08-05 | 2006-08-29 | Microvision, Inc. | Optical scanning system with correction |
US6937221B2 (en) | 1998-08-05 | 2005-08-30 | Microvision, Inc. | Scanned beam display |
US7312765B2 (en) | 1998-08-05 | 2007-12-25 | Microvision, Inc. | Display system and method for reducing the magnitude of or eliminating a visual artifact caused by a shift in a viewer's gaze |
US6140979A (en) | 1998-08-05 | 2000-10-31 | Microvision, Inc. | Scanned display with pinch, timing, and distortion correction |
US20020075210A1 (en) | 1998-08-05 | 2002-06-20 | Microvision, Inc. | Low light viewer with image simulation |
US6396461B1 (en) | 1998-08-05 | 2002-05-28 | Microvision, Inc. | Personal display with vision tracking |
US20020015724A1 (en) | 1998-08-10 | 2002-02-07 | Chunlin Yang | Collagen type i and type iii hemostatic compositions for use as a vascular sealant and wound dressing |
KR100620341B1 (en) | 1998-09-02 | 2006-09-13 | 엑스로스, 인크. | Micromachined structures coupled for relative rotation by torsional flexure hinges |
US6741884B1 (en) | 1998-09-03 | 2004-05-25 | Hypermed, Inc. | Infrared endoscopic balloon probes |
FR2783330B1 (en) | 1998-09-15 | 2002-06-14 | Assist Publ Hopitaux De Paris | DEVICE FOR OBSERVING THE INTERIOR OF A BODY PRODUCING AN IMPROVED OBSERVATION QUALITY |
US6276798B1 (en) | 1998-09-29 | 2001-08-21 | Applied Spectral Imaging, Ltd. | Spectral bio-imaging of the eye |
US6178346B1 (en) | 1998-10-23 | 2001-01-23 | David C. Amundson | Infrared endoscopic imaging in a liquid with suspended particles: method and apparatus |
US6373995B1 (en) | 1998-11-05 | 2002-04-16 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for processing image data acquired by an optical scanning device |
US6191761B1 (en) | 1998-11-09 | 2001-02-20 | University Of Washington | Method and apparatus for determining optical distance |
US6281862B1 (en) | 1998-11-09 | 2001-08-28 | University Of Washington | Scanned beam display with adjustable accommodation |
US6333110B1 (en) | 1998-11-10 | 2001-12-25 | Bio-Pixels Ltd. | Functionalized nanocrystals as visual tissue-specific imaging agents, and methods for fluorescence imaging |
US6057952A (en) | 1999-01-14 | 2000-05-02 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Light scanning device and confocal optical device using the same |
US7018401B1 (en) | 1999-02-01 | 2006-03-28 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Woven intravascular devices and methods for making the same and apparatus for delivery of the same |
US6179776B1 (en) | 1999-03-12 | 2001-01-30 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Controllable endoscopic sheath apparatus and related method of use |
US6464363B1 (en) | 1999-03-17 | 2002-10-15 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Variable mirror, optical apparatus and decentered optical system which include variable mirror, variable-optical characteristic optical element or combination thereof |
US6285897B1 (en) | 1999-04-07 | 2001-09-04 | Endonetics, Inc. | Remote physiological monitoring system |
US6674993B1 (en) | 1999-04-30 | 2004-01-06 | Microvision, Inc. | Method and system for identifying data locations associated with real world observations |
US6902527B1 (en) | 1999-05-18 | 2005-06-07 | Olympus Corporation | Endoscope system with charge multiplying imaging device and automatic gain control |
JP2000329690A (en) | 1999-05-20 | 2000-11-30 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | Light scanning confocal, optical, apparatus |
US6294775B1 (en) | 1999-06-08 | 2001-09-25 | University Of Washington | Miniature image acquistion system using a scanning resonant waveguide |
US6563105B2 (en) | 1999-06-08 | 2003-05-13 | University Of Washington | Image acquisition with depth enhancement |
US7035475B1 (en) * | 1999-06-17 | 2006-04-25 | Raytheon Company | Non-traditional adaptive non-uniformity compensation (ADNUC) system employing adaptive feedforward shunting and operating methods therefor |
US6527708B1 (en) | 1999-07-02 | 2003-03-04 | Pentax Corporation | Endoscope system |
JP2001021775A (en) | 1999-07-09 | 2001-01-26 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Optical device |
US6795221B1 (en) | 1999-08-05 | 2004-09-21 | Microvision, Inc. | Scanned display with switched feeds and distortion correction |
US6445362B1 (en) | 1999-08-05 | 2002-09-03 | Microvision, Inc. | Scanned display with variation compensation |
US7262765B2 (en) | 1999-08-05 | 2007-08-28 | Microvision, Inc. | Apparatuses and methods for utilizing non-ideal light sources |
US6882462B2 (en) | 2002-11-01 | 2005-04-19 | Microvision, Inc. | Resonant scanner with asymmetric mass distribution |
US6245590B1 (en) | 1999-08-05 | 2001-06-12 | Microvision Inc. | Frequency tunable resonant scanner and method of making |
US6525310B2 (en) | 1999-08-05 | 2003-02-25 | Microvision, Inc. | Frequency tunable resonant scanner |
US6331909B1 (en) | 1999-08-05 | 2001-12-18 | Microvision, Inc. | Frequency tunable resonant scanner |
US6661393B2 (en) | 1999-08-05 | 2003-12-09 | Microvision, Inc. | Scanned display with variation compensation |
US6256131B1 (en) | 1999-08-05 | 2001-07-03 | Microvision Inc. | Active tuning of a torsional resonant structure |
US6433907B1 (en) | 1999-08-05 | 2002-08-13 | Microvision, Inc. | Scanned display with plurality of scanning assemblies |
US6654158B2 (en) | 2001-04-20 | 2003-11-25 | Microvision, Inc. | Frequency tunable resonant scanner with auxiliary arms |
US6515781B2 (en) | 1999-08-05 | 2003-02-04 | Microvision, Inc. | Scanned imaging apparatus with switched feeds |
US6924476B2 (en) | 2002-11-25 | 2005-08-02 | Microvision, Inc. | Resonant beam scanner with raster pinch compensation |
US6384406B1 (en) | 1999-08-05 | 2002-05-07 | Microvision, Inc. | Active tuning of a torsional resonant structure |
US6285489B1 (en) | 1999-08-05 | 2001-09-04 | Microvision Inc. | Frequency tunable resonant scanner with auxiliary arms |
US6653621B2 (en) | 2001-03-23 | 2003-11-25 | Microvision, Inc. | Frequency tunable resonant scanner and method of making |
US6362912B1 (en) | 1999-08-05 | 2002-03-26 | Microvision, Inc. | Scanned imaging apparatus with switched feeds |
JP2001046321A (en) | 1999-08-09 | 2001-02-20 | Asahi Optical Co Ltd | Endoscope device |
CN1189958C (en) | 1999-10-22 | 2005-02-16 | 三洋电机株式会社 | Method for producing electrode for lithium secondary cell |
US6435637B1 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2002-08-20 | Scitex Digital Printing, Inc. | Fluid and vacuum control in an ink jet printing system |
US6545260B1 (en) | 1999-11-19 | 2003-04-08 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Light scanning optical device which acquires a high resolution two-dimensional image without employing a charge-coupled device |
US6603552B1 (en) | 1999-12-22 | 2003-08-05 | Xillix Technologies Corp. | Portable system for detecting skin abnormalities based on characteristic autofluorescence |
AU2001227809A1 (en) | 2000-01-12 | 2001-07-24 | Lasersight Technologies, Inc. | Laser fluence compensation of a curved surface |
US20020071169A1 (en) | 2000-02-01 | 2002-06-13 | Bowers John Edward | Micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) mirror device |
CN1302754C (en) | 2000-02-04 | 2007-03-07 | 康曼德公司 | Surgical clip applier |
US6478809B1 (en) | 2000-02-04 | 2002-11-12 | Gregory R. Brotz | Suture and method of use |
WO2001059751A1 (en) | 2000-02-10 | 2001-08-16 | Sony Corporation | Image processing device and method, and recording medium |
KR20030025222A (en) | 2000-03-08 | 2003-03-28 | 기븐 이미징 리미티드 | A device and system for in vivo imaging |
US6351580B1 (en) | 2000-03-27 | 2002-02-26 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Microelectromechanical devices having brake assemblies therein to control movement of optical shutters and other movable elements |
JP3879384B2 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2007-02-14 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Method of providing information for predicting thinning, computer-readable recording medium in which a program for predicting thinning is recorded, and method for planning a piping work plan |
IT1317708B1 (en) | 2000-05-29 | 2003-07-15 | Ideamatic S R L | DISTRIBUTOR OF REFRIGERATED BEVERAGES, PARTICULARLY DESIGNED FOR THE DISPENSING OF FRUIT JUICES, TEA, MINERAL WATER, WINES AND SIMILAR. |
US6975898B2 (en) | 2000-06-19 | 2005-12-13 | University Of Washington | Medical imaging, diagnosis, and therapy using a scanning single optical fiber system |
US7555333B2 (en) | 2000-06-19 | 2009-06-30 | University Of Washington | Integrated optical scanning image acquisition and display |
US7242833B2 (en) | 2000-07-10 | 2007-07-10 | University Health Network | Method and apparatus for high resolution coherent optical imaging |
US6494578B1 (en) | 2000-07-13 | 2002-12-17 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Virtual reality peripheral vision scotoma screening |
WO2002007587A2 (en) | 2000-07-14 | 2002-01-31 | Xillix Technologies Corporation | Compact fluorescent endoscopy video system |
US6340344B1 (en) | 2000-07-18 | 2002-01-22 | Evergreen Medical Incorporated | Endoscope with a removable suction tube |
US20030032143A1 (en) | 2000-07-24 | 2003-02-13 | Neff Thomas B. | Collagen type I and type III compositions for use as an adhesive and sealant |
US6441356B1 (en) | 2000-07-28 | 2002-08-27 | Optical Biopsy Technologies | Fiber-coupled, high-speed, angled-dual-axis optical coherence scanning microscopes |
US6423956B1 (en) | 2000-07-28 | 2002-07-23 | Optical Biopsy Technologies | Fiber-coupled, high-speed, integrated, angled-dual-axis confocal scanning microscopes employing vertical cross-section scanning |
US7002583B2 (en) | 2000-08-03 | 2006-02-21 | Stono Technologies, Llc | Display of images and image transitions |
US20020050956A1 (en) | 2000-09-11 | 2002-05-02 | Microvision, Inc. | Scanned display with pinch, timing, and distortion correction |
IL138683A0 (en) | 2000-09-25 | 2001-10-31 | Vital Medical Ltd | Apparatus and method for monitoring tissue vitality parameters |
US6425900B1 (en) | 2000-10-19 | 2002-07-30 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery | Method for attaching hernia mesh |
US6447524B1 (en) | 2000-10-19 | 2002-09-10 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Fastener for hernia mesh fixation |
US6369928B1 (en) | 2000-11-01 | 2002-04-09 | Optical Biopsy Technologies, Inc. | Fiber-coupled, angled-dual-illumination-axis confocal scanning microscopes for performing reflective and two-photon fluorescence imaging |
US6529770B1 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2003-03-04 | Valentin Grimblatov | Method and apparatus for imaging cardiovascular surfaces through blood |
US6856712B2 (en) | 2000-11-27 | 2005-02-15 | University Of Washington | Micro-fabricated optical waveguide for use in scanning fiber displays and scanned fiber image acquisition |
US6845190B1 (en) | 2000-11-27 | 2005-01-18 | University Of Washington | Control of an optical fiber scanner |
US6414779B1 (en) | 2000-11-30 | 2002-07-02 | Opeical Biopsy Technologies, Inc. | Integrated angled-dual-axis confocal scanning endoscopes |
US7193758B2 (en) | 2001-02-06 | 2007-03-20 | Microvision, Inc. | Scanner and method for sweeping a beam across a target |
US20020115922A1 (en) | 2001-02-12 | 2002-08-22 | Milton Waner | Infrared assisted monitoring of a catheter |
US6771001B2 (en) | 2001-03-16 | 2004-08-03 | Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. | Bi-stable electrostatic comb drive with automatic braking |
KR100457630B1 (en) | 2001-04-04 | 2004-11-18 | (주) 태웅메디칼 | Flexible self-expandable stent and methods for making the stent for lumen |
US7033348B2 (en) | 2001-04-10 | 2006-04-25 | The Research Foundation Of The City University Of New York | Gelatin based on Power-gel™ as solders for Cr4+laser tissue welding and sealing of lung air leak and fistulas in organs |
US7616986B2 (en) | 2001-05-07 | 2009-11-10 | University Of Washington | Optical fiber scanner for performing multimodal optical imaging |
US7180555B2 (en) | 2001-05-15 | 2007-02-20 | Microvision, Inc. | System and method for producing an image with a screen using erase (off) and image (on) light sources |
US7180556B2 (en) | 2001-05-15 | 2007-02-20 | Microvision, Inc. | System and method for capturing, transmitting, and displaying an image |
US6755536B2 (en) | 2001-05-15 | 2004-06-29 | Microvision, Inc. | System and method for displaying/projecting a color image |
US6639719B2 (en) | 2001-05-15 | 2003-10-28 | Microvision, Inc. | System and method for using multiple beams to respectively scan multiple regions of an image |
US6888552B2 (en) | 2001-06-08 | 2005-05-03 | University Of Southern California | High dynamic range image editing |
JP2003010099A (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2003-01-14 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | Endoscope |
US7091647B2 (en) | 2001-07-31 | 2006-08-15 | Coherent, Inc. | Micromechanical device having braking mechanism |
US7023402B2 (en) | 2001-09-21 | 2006-04-04 | Microvision, Inc. | Scanned display with pinch, timing, and distortion correction |
US6939364B1 (en) | 2001-10-09 | 2005-09-06 | Tissue Adhesive Technologies, Inc. | Composite tissue adhesive |
US20070167681A1 (en) | 2001-10-19 | 2007-07-19 | Gill Thomas J | Portable imaging system employing a miniature endoscope |
US6954308B2 (en) | 2001-11-02 | 2005-10-11 | Microvision, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for generating multiple exit-pupil images in an expanded exit pupil |
AU2002353945A1 (en) | 2001-11-02 | 2003-05-19 | Microvision, Inc. | Display system with means for generating multiple exit-pupil images in an expanded exit pupil |
US6768588B2 (en) | 2001-11-02 | 2004-07-27 | Microvision, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for generating multiple exit-pupil images in an expanded exit pupil |
WO2003039350A2 (en) | 2001-11-09 | 2003-05-15 | Cardio-Optics, Inc. | Direct, real-time imaging guidance of cardiac catheterization |
US20030092995A1 (en) | 2001-11-13 | 2003-05-15 | Medtronic, Inc. | System and method of positioning implantable medical devices |
AU2002357155A1 (en) | 2001-12-10 | 2003-06-23 | Carnegie Mellon University | Endoscopic imaging system |
US6879428B2 (en) | 2001-12-26 | 2005-04-12 | Intermec Ip Corp. | Frame grabbing with laser scanner with sweeping by silicon planar electrostatics actuator |
US8423110B2 (en) | 2002-01-09 | 2013-04-16 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Imaging device and related methods |
JP2003204920A (en) | 2002-01-11 | 2003-07-22 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | Insertion assisting tool |
US6899675B2 (en) | 2002-01-15 | 2005-05-31 | Xillix Technologies Corp. | Fluorescence endoscopy video systems with no moving parts in the camera |
US7015956B2 (en) | 2002-01-25 | 2006-03-21 | Omnivision Technologies, Inc. | Method of fast automatic exposure or gain control in a MOS image sensor |
JP4662713B2 (en) | 2002-02-14 | 2011-03-30 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | Variable focus lens |
GB2385735B (en) | 2002-02-21 | 2003-12-31 | Keymed | Image capture and display system |
JP4146654B2 (en) * | 2002-02-28 | 2008-09-10 | 株式会社リコー | Image processing circuit, composite image processing circuit, and image forming apparatus |
US6985271B2 (en) | 2002-03-12 | 2006-01-10 | Corning Incorporated | Pointing angle control of electrostatic micro mirrors |
US6513939B1 (en) | 2002-03-18 | 2003-02-04 | Nortel Networks Limited | Micro-mirrors with variable focal length, and optical components comprising micro-mirrors |
US6894823B2 (en) | 2002-04-26 | 2005-05-17 | Corning Intellisense Llc | Magnetically actuated microelectromechanical devices and method of manufacture |
US7580007B2 (en) | 2002-05-17 | 2009-08-25 | Microvision, Inc. | Apparatus and method for bi-directionally sweeping an image beam in the vertical dimension and related apparati and methods |
US7400432B2 (en) | 2002-05-17 | 2008-07-15 | Microvision, Inc. | Scanning-mirror structure having a cut or a composite design to reduce deformation of the mirror face, and related system and method |
US20030216729A1 (en) | 2002-05-20 | 2003-11-20 | Marchitto Kevin S. | Device and method for wound healing and uses therefor |
EP1532662A2 (en) | 2002-06-26 | 2005-05-25 | Innovations in Optics, Inc. | Scanning light source system |
US7025777B2 (en) | 2002-07-31 | 2006-04-11 | Unison Therapeutics, Inc. | Flexible and conformable stent and method of forming same |
US7108656B2 (en) | 2002-08-06 | 2006-09-19 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Endoscope apparatus |
US7038829B2 (en) | 2002-09-25 | 2006-05-02 | Corning | Magnetic damping for MEMS rotational devices |
US7233817B2 (en) | 2002-11-01 | 2007-06-19 | Brian Yen | Apparatus and method for pattern delivery of radiation and biological characteristic analysis |
US7071594B1 (en) | 2002-11-04 | 2006-07-04 | Microvision, Inc. | MEMS scanner with dual magnetic and capacitive drive |
US6782748B2 (en) | 2002-11-12 | 2004-08-31 | Honeywell International, Inc. | High-G acceleration protection by caging |
US20040101822A1 (en) | 2002-11-26 | 2004-05-27 | Ulrich Wiesner | Fluorescent silica-based nanoparticles |
US7339148B2 (en) | 2002-12-16 | 2008-03-04 | Olympus America Inc. | Confocal microscope |
KR100628455B1 (en) | 2002-12-21 | 2006-09-28 | 주식회사 이오테크닉스 | Chip-scale marker and marking method |
EP1597536A2 (en) | 2003-01-20 | 2005-11-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Interferometric measuring device |
US7501133B2 (en) | 2003-01-24 | 2009-03-10 | Rose-Hulman Institute Of Technology | Light-activated adhesive composite, system, and methods of use thereof |
US7068878B2 (en) | 2003-01-24 | 2006-06-27 | University Of Washington | Optical beam scanning system for compact image display or image acquisition |
TW570301U (en) | 2003-02-13 | 2004-01-01 | Shang-Hua You | Adhesive type LED lead frame |
US6866730B2 (en) | 2003-03-21 | 2005-03-15 | General Motors Corporation | Metallic-based adhesion materials |
US20040225222A1 (en) | 2003-05-08 | 2004-11-11 | Haishan Zeng | Real-time contemporaneous multimodal imaging and spectroscopy uses thereof |
US7065301B2 (en) | 2003-05-08 | 2006-06-20 | Sioptical, Inc. | High speed, silicon-based electro-optic modulator |
US7129473B2 (en) | 2003-05-16 | 2006-10-31 | Olympus Corporation | Optical image pickup apparatus for imaging living body tissue |
US7000818B2 (en) | 2003-05-20 | 2006-02-21 | Ethicon, Endo-Surger, Inc. | Surgical stapling instrument having separate distinct closing and firing systems |
JP4870324B2 (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2012-02-08 | 株式会社吉見製作所 | Shape memory alloy cast member and method of manufacturing the same |
US7448995B2 (en) * | 2003-06-23 | 2008-11-11 | Microvision, Inc. | Scanning endoscope |
US6786382B1 (en) | 2003-07-09 | 2004-09-07 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical stapling instrument incorporating an articulation joint for a firing bar track |
US7066879B2 (en) | 2003-07-15 | 2006-06-27 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Insertable device and system for minimal access procedure |
US7214195B2 (en) | 2003-07-23 | 2007-05-08 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Method of and apparatus for detecting diseased tissue by sensing two bands of infrared radiation |
US7428997B2 (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2008-09-30 | Microvision, Inc. | Method and apparatus for illuminating a field-of-view and capturing an image |
US20050038322A1 (en) | 2003-08-11 | 2005-02-17 | Scimed Life Systems | Imaging endoscope |
WO2005034747A1 (en) | 2003-09-15 | 2005-04-21 | Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center | Medical imaging systems |
US6905057B2 (en) | 2003-09-29 | 2005-06-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Surgical stapling instrument incorporating a firing mechanism having a linked rack transmission |
US7840253B2 (en) | 2003-10-17 | 2010-11-23 | Medtronic Navigation, Inc. | Method and apparatus for surgical navigation |
US20070197875A1 (en) | 2003-11-14 | 2007-08-23 | Osaka Shoji | Endoscope device and imaging method using the same |
US6967757B1 (en) | 2003-11-24 | 2005-11-22 | Sandia Corporation | Microelectromechanical mirrors and electrically-programmable diffraction gratings based on two-stage actuation |
US7013730B2 (en) | 2003-12-15 | 2006-03-21 | Honeywell International, Inc. | Internally shock caged serpentine flexure for micro-machined accelerometer |
US20050187441A1 (en) | 2004-01-19 | 2005-08-25 | Kenji Kawasaki | Laser-scanning examination apparatus |
US7125128B2 (en) | 2004-01-26 | 2006-10-24 | Nikon Corporation | Adaptive-optics actuator arrays and methods for using such arrays |
JP2005224528A (en) | 2004-02-16 | 2005-08-25 | Olympus Corp | Endoscope |
KR100583250B1 (en) | 2004-03-05 | 2006-05-24 | 한국전기연구원 | Fluorecence endoscope having improved image detection module |
US7654997B2 (en) | 2004-04-21 | 2010-02-02 | Acclarent, Inc. | Devices, systems and methods for diagnosing and treating sinusitus and other disorders of the ears, nose and/or throat |
CA2565638A1 (en) | 2004-05-03 | 2005-11-10 | Woodwelding Ag | Light diffuser and process for producing the same |
US7096741B2 (en) | 2004-07-14 | 2006-08-29 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Method and system for reducing operational shock sensitivity of MEMS devices |
WO2006020605A2 (en) | 2004-08-10 | 2006-02-23 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Device and method for the delivery and/or elimination of compounds in tissue |
US7271383B2 (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2007-09-18 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Scanning system with feedback for a MEMS oscillating scanner |
US7189961B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2007-03-13 | University Of Washington | Scanning beam device with detector assembly |
US7576865B2 (en) | 2005-04-18 | 2009-08-18 | Zhongping Chen | Optical coherent tomographic (OCT) imaging apparatus and method using a fiber bundle |
US8084001B2 (en) | 2005-05-02 | 2011-12-27 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Photoluminescent silica-based sensors and methods of use |
JP2007029603A (en) | 2005-07-29 | 2007-02-08 | Fujinon Corp | Optical diagnostic treatment apparatus |
JP5114024B2 (en) | 2005-08-31 | 2013-01-09 | オリンパス株式会社 | Optical imaging device |
US20070156021A1 (en) | 2005-09-14 | 2007-07-05 | Bradford Morse | Remote imaging apparatus having an adaptive lens |
US20070078500A1 (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-05 | Cornova, Inc. | Systems and methods for analysis and treatment of a body lumen |
US20070161876A1 (en) | 2005-11-18 | 2007-07-12 | Spectrx, Inc. | Method and apparatus for rapid detection and diagnosis of tissue abnormalities |
DE102005059550A1 (en) | 2005-12-13 | 2007-06-14 | Siemens Ag | Optical measuring device for measuring inner wall of e.g. ear channel, in animal, has rotatable reflector rotatable around rotary axis so that inner wall of cavity is scanned along line circulating rotary axis |
US20070135770A1 (en) | 2005-12-13 | 2007-06-14 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Endoscopic device stabilizer |
US7547277B2 (en) | 2005-12-15 | 2009-06-16 | Microvision, Inc. | Method and apparatus for calibrating an endoscope system |
US8033284B2 (en) | 2006-01-11 | 2011-10-11 | Curaelase, Inc. | Therapeutic laser treatment |
US20070213618A1 (en) | 2006-01-17 | 2007-09-13 | University Of Washington | Scanning fiber-optic nonlinear optical imaging and spectroscopy endoscope |
JP5044126B2 (en) | 2006-02-23 | 2012-10-10 | オリンパス株式会社 | Endoscope observation apparatus and operation method of endoscope for image formation |
US20070238930A1 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2007-10-11 | Wiklof Christopher A | Endoscope tips, scanned beam endoscopes using same, and methods of use |
JP4954573B2 (en) | 2006-02-28 | 2012-06-20 | オリンパス株式会社 | Endoscope system |
JP2007244590A (en) | 2006-03-15 | 2007-09-27 | Olympus Medical Systems Corp | Imaging system |
JP5080014B2 (en) | 2006-03-16 | 2012-11-21 | オリンパスメディカルシステムズ株式会社 | Imaging system |
US7435217B2 (en) | 2006-04-17 | 2008-10-14 | Microvision, Inc. | Scanned beam imagers and endoscopes with positionable light collector |
US20070260121A1 (en) | 2006-05-08 | 2007-11-08 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Endoscopic Translumenal Surgical Systems |
US20070260273A1 (en) | 2006-05-08 | 2007-11-08 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Endoscopic Translumenal Surgical Systems |
US7501616B2 (en) * | 2006-05-25 | 2009-03-10 | Microvision, Inc. | Method and apparatus for capturing an image of a moving object |
US20080058629A1 (en) | 2006-08-21 | 2008-03-06 | University Of Washington | Optical fiber scope with both non-resonant illumination and resonant collection/imaging for multiple modes of operation |
-
2007
- 2007-04-13 US US11/786,858 patent/US7995045B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-04-03 WO PCT/US2008/059235 patent/WO2008127881A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003088643A2 (en) * | 2002-04-09 | 2003-10-23 | Microvision, Inc. | Scanned beam display system |
US20050116038A1 (en) * | 2003-11-14 | 2005-06-02 | Lewis John R. | Scanned beam imager |
US20060195014A1 (en) * | 2005-02-28 | 2006-08-31 | University Of Washington | Tethered capsule endoscope for Barrett's Esophagus screening |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7995045B2 (en) | 2011-08-09 |
US20080252778A1 (en) | 2008-10-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7995045B2 (en) | Combined SBI and conventional image processor | |
US7982776B2 (en) | SBI motion artifact removal apparatus and method | |
JP2019071609A (en) | Super-resolution and color motion artifact correction in pulse color imaging system | |
US5812187A (en) | Electronic endoscope apparatus | |
JP3382973B2 (en) | Electronic endoscope device | |
US20140015933A1 (en) | Image processing apparatus, imaging system, and image processing system | |
US8587644B2 (en) | Image processing apparatus for endoscope | |
US6678000B1 (en) | High resolution still-image capture apparatus that shifts pixels by plus or minus two-thirds pixel pitch | |
US20150153559A1 (en) | Image processing apparatus, imaging system, and image processing system | |
US20050174428A1 (en) | Electronic endoscope apparatus capable of converting images into HDTV system | |
CN1682648A (en) | Electronic endoscope apparatus | |
EP0836330A2 (en) | Colour imaging apparatus | |
KR20140103171A (en) | Image processing device, image processing system, image processing method, and image processing program | |
CA2530187A1 (en) | Panoramic video system with real-time distortion-free imaging | |
JPH09261535A (en) | Image pickup device | |
EP3534620A1 (en) | Signal processing device and method, and program | |
US5764285A (en) | Imaging apparatus having area sensor and line sensor | |
US6429953B1 (en) | Super resolution scanning using color multiplexing of image capture devices | |
US20130265322A1 (en) | Image processing apparatus, image processing system, image processing method, and image processing program | |
JP3262893B2 (en) | Endoscope image display device | |
CN109218631A (en) | Image sensor apparatus and operating method thereof | |
US4933758A (en) | Signal processing apparatus with a movement detecting device and an outline enhancement device | |
JPH07322149A (en) | Image pickup device | |
Harris et al. | Display and analysis of tomographic volumetric images utilizing a vari-focal mirror | |
CN102054460A (en) | Display equipment |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 08745004 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 08745004 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |