WO2008007797A1 - Agencement de lentilles - Google Patents
Agencement de lentilles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008007797A1 WO2008007797A1 PCT/JP2007/064049 JP2007064049W WO2008007797A1 WO 2008007797 A1 WO2008007797 A1 WO 2008007797A1 JP 2007064049 W JP2007064049 W JP 2007064049W WO 2008007797 A1 WO2008007797 A1 WO 2008007797A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- lens
- liquid
- lens array
- common substrate
- array according
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/0006—Arrays
- G02B3/0037—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses
- G02B3/0056—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses arranged along two different directions in a plane, e.g. honeycomb arrangement of lenses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/004—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid
- G02B26/005—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid based on electrowetting
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/12—Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses
- G02B3/14—Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses of variable focal length
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lens array using an electrowetting effect (electrocapillarity).
- the electrowetting effect is a phenomenon in which when a voltage is applied between a conductive liquid and an electrode, the energy of the solid-liquid interface between the electrode surface and the liquid changes and the shape of the liquid surface changes.
- FIG. 14A and FIG. 14B are principle diagrams for explaining the electrowetting effect.
- an insulating film 2 is formed on the surface of the electrode 1, and an electrolytic solution droplet 3 is placed on the insulating film 2.
- the surface of the insulating film 2 has been subjected to water repellent treatment.
- the interaction energy between the surface of the insulating film 2 and the droplet 3 is low and the contact angle ⁇ 0 is large. Les.
- the contact angle ⁇ 0 is an angle between the surface of the insulating film 2 and the tangent line of the droplet 3 and depends on properties such as the surface tension of the droplet 3 and the surface energy of the insulating film 2.
- the surface shape (curvature) of the droplet 3 changes depending on the magnitude of the voltage V applied between the electrode 1 and the droplet 3. Therefore, when the droplet 3 is used as a lens element, an optical element that can electrically control the focal position can be realized.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-356708 proposes a lens array for a strobe device.
- This is a variable focus lens configured by enclosing insulating liquid droplets and a conductive liquid arranged in an array on a water repellent film on a substrate surface.
- individual lenses are formed in the shape of the interface between the insulating liquid and the conductive liquid, and each lens shape is electrically controlled using the electrowetting effect to change the focal length. ing.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-252444 discloses a configuration of a display device using an electrowetting effect.
- cells containing colored droplets are arranged in an array and a desired color image is displayed by selectively driving the cells.
- the cell may be configured as a lens element such as a variable focus lens that is used only as an image display unit.
- An example of such a configuration is shown in Fig. 15 ⁇ and Fig. 15 ⁇ .
- FIG. 15 shows a schematic configuration of a lens array 50 configured by arranging the lens elements in an array
- FIG. 15 is a plan view of a common substrate 54 constituting the lens array 50
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a lens array 50.
- the lens array 50 includes a plurality of lens elements 53 that form a lens surface at the interface between the conductive first liquid 51 and the insulating second liquid 52.
- the first and second liquids 51 and 52 have different refractive indexes and exist without being mixed with each other.
- Each lens element 53 is two-dimensionally arranged in an airtight liquid chamber formed between a transparent common substrate 54 and a transparent lid 55, and a partition wall is provided between adjacent lens elements 53. It is partitioned through 56.
- a transparent electrode film 58 is formed on the lower surface of the common substrate 54, and a region where the second liquid 52 is in contact with the upper surface of the common substrate 54 is subjected to water repellent treatment.
- a transparent electrode film 57 is formed as a counter electrode in a region where the first liquid 51 is in contact with the lower surface of the lid 55.
- the lens array 50 configured as described above is configured such that the voltage applied between the pair of transparent electrode films 57 and 58 is controlled so that the first and second liquids 51 and 52 of each lens element 53 are connected.
- the shape of the interface changes. This makes it possible to reversibly change the focal length of the light transmitted through the lens array 50, and it can be suitably used for a variable focus lens for a strobe device of a camera.
- each lens element 53 is surrounded by the partition wall 56, so that the lens elements 53 constituting the lens array 53 are formed in the manufacturing process of the lens array 50.
- the first and second liquids 51 and 52 it is necessary to supply the second liquid 52 to each cell one by one. Variations in the amount may cause non-uniformity in the characteristics of the lens element 53.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a lens array that can achieve uniform characteristics of lens elements.
- the lens array of the present invention includes a first conductive liquid, an insulating second liquid having a refractive index different from that of the first liquid, and first and second liquids.
- the space is in fluid communication with each other.
- a plurality of adjacent lens elements are arranged.
- the lens elements are configured to be in fluid communication with each other, so that variations in the first and second liquid amounts between the lens elements are avoided and the lens characteristics are made uniform.
- a plurality of lens elements are arranged in a liquid chamber formed between the common substrate and the lid, and the first and second liquids At least one of the plurality of adjacent lens elements communicates with each other.
- the plurality of lens elements can be divided by a plurality of protrusions erected on the common substrate.
- the protrusions can be columnar protrusions arranged at the four corner positions of each lens element.
- the protrusion may be a linear protrusion that is disposed between adjacent lens elements and has a passage that allows liquid communication between the adjacent lens elements.
- the plurality of lens elements can be partitioned by a non-opening portion of a perforated plate disposed in the liquid chamber.
- the perforated plate forms a passage allowing liquid communication with at least the common substrate.
- the shape of the opening of the perforated plate is not limited to, for example, a circular force, and may be an ellipse or a polygon.
- the plurality of lens elements are in fluid communication with each other, so that the constituent amounts of the first and second liquids between the lens elements vary.
- the lens characteristics can be made uniform and the lens characteristics can be made uniform.
- it can be used for structures with minute dimensions that cannot be filled with liquid using syringes or other methods.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a lens array according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- a in FIG. 1 is a plan view of a common substrate, and B in FIG. 1 is a main part of the lens array. It is sectional drawing.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the formation interval of protrusions partitioning each lens element in the lens array of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for comparing and explaining the interfacial tension, density difference, and capillary length in water and air and water and oil combinations.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the initial shape of the lens surface due to the difference in the shape of the protrusions that partition each lens element in the lens array of FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view of a common substrate for explaining the configuration of a lens array according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of a lens array according to a third embodiment of the present invention, in which A is a plan view showing the internal structure of the lens array, and B is a cross-sectional view of the main part of the lens array.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view of a multi-hole plate showing a modification of the configuration of the lens array according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an essential part of a lens array having a porous plate having the configuration shown in FIG. 7B.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a perforated plate showing another modification of the configuration of the lens array according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a process cross-sectional view of the main part for explaining the lens array manufacturing method of the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a modification of the configuration of the lens array according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- a in FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the main part of the lens array, and B in FIG. 11 is FIG. [B] — [B] line direction sectional view in A of FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a process cross-sectional view of the main part for explaining the method of manufacturing the lens array shown in FIG. 11.
- FIG. 13 is a process cross-sectional view of the main part for explaining the method of manufacturing the lens array shown in FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a principle diagram for explaining the electrocapillary phenomenon.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic configuration diagram of a conventional lens array.
- FIG. 15A is a plan view of a common substrate, and
- FIG. 15B is a cross-sectional view of an essential part of the lens array.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B show schematic configurations of the lens array 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- 1A is a plan view of the common substrate 14 constituting the lens array 10
- B in FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the main part of the lens array 10.
- the lens array 10 of this embodiment includes a plurality of lens elements 13 that form a lens surface 13A at the interface between the conductive first liquid 11 and the insulating second liquid 12.
- the lens array 10 is used as an illumination optical system, for example, and is configured as a variable focus lens that arbitrarily changes the focal length of light transmitted through the lens array 10.
- a transparent liquid having conductivity is used.
- an electrolytic solution aqueous solution of an electrolyte such as potassium chloride, sodium chloride, or lithium chloride
- methyl alcohol ethyl Alcohols having a low molecular weight
- polar polar liquids such as room temperature molten salts (ionic liquids)
- a transparent liquid having an insulating property is used.
- nonpolar materials such as hydrocarbon-based materials such as decane, dodecane, hexadecane, and undecane, silicone oil, and fluorine-based materials.
- An organic solvent can be used.
- the first and second liquids 11 and 12 are selected from materials having different refractive indexes and capable of existing without being mixed with each other. Specifically, in the present embodiment, an aqueous lithium chloride solution (concentration 3.66 wt%, refractive index 1.34) is used as the first liquid 11, and silicone oil (GE Toshiba Silicone) is used as the second liquid 12. Company TSF437, refractive index 1.49) is used. In addition, the first and second liquids 11 and 12 preferably have the same specific gravity. Further, the first and second liquids 11 and 12 may be colored as necessary.
- the hermetic liquid chamber formed between the common substrate 14 and the lid 15 is filled with the first and second liquids 11 and 12, and each lens element 13 is two-dimensional. Are arranged.
- the common substrate 14 can be made of an optically transparent, electrically-insulating plastic material injection-molded body or a machined body.
- the lid 15 can be made of optically transparent, electrically insulating plastic material, glass material, or the like.
- the lid 15 is fixed to the upper surface of the side wall 14 a of the common substrate 14 via a sealing member 20.
- a transparent electrode film 17 connected to the terminal portion 21a is formed on the inner surface side that is the liquid chamber side of the lid 15.
- a metal, a conductive oxide, a semiconductor material, or the like can be used as the transparent electrode film 17, a metal, a conductive oxide, a semiconductor material, or the like. In addition to transparent electrodes, patterning is performed avoiding light transmission surfaces. By doing so, it is possible to use an optically opaque electrode material.
- the adjacent lens elements 13 are partitioned by a plurality of protrusions 16 erected on the upper surface of the common substrate 14.
- the protrusions 16 are formed integrally with the common substrate 14 and have columnar shapes arranged corresponding to the four corner positions of the individual lens elements 13.
- the protrusion 16 is formed at the same time as injection molding of the common substrate 14, for example. Note that the protrusion 16 may be formed on the formed common substrate 14 by post-processing such as adhesion or press-fitting.
- a transparent electrode film 18 is formed on the upper surface of the common substrate 14.
- the transparent electrode film 18 is patterned so as to cover the inner peripheral surface of the side wall 14 a of the common substrate 14 and the outer surface of the protrusion 16. 18 may be formed.
- the transparent electrode film 18 is connected to the terminal portion 21 b through one side wall portion of the common substrate 14.
- a metal, a conductive oxide, a semiconductor material, or the like can be used as the transparent electrode film 18, a non-transparent electrode film may be used as long as light transmission is not greatly hindered.
- an insulating film 19 is formed on the surface of the common substrate 14 so as to cover the transparent electrode film 18.
- the insulating film 19 may be formed only on the upper surface side of the common substrate 14, for example, the force formed on the entire outer surface of the common substrate 14.
- the insulating film 19 is not particularly limited as long as it is an electrically insulating material, and a material having a relatively high dielectric constant is preferably selected. In order to obtain a relatively large capacitance, it is preferable that the insulating film 19 is thin, but it is necessary that the insulating film 19 has a film thickness that can ensure the insulation strength.
- the material having a relatively high dielectric constant include metal oxides such as tantalum oxide and titanium oxide, but the material is not limited to this.
- the formation method of the insulating film 19 is not particularly limited, and various coating methods such as a plating method, an electrodeposition method, a coating method, and a dip method can be adopted in addition to a vacuum thin film forming method such as a sputtering method, a CVD method, and an evaporation method. is there.
- the insulating film 19 preferably has water repellency in a region where the second liquid 12 contacts.
- the method for forming the water-repellent film include a method of forming polyparaxylylene by CVD, a material such as PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), which is a fluorine-based polymer, and the like. And a method of coating the common substrate 14 on the common substrate 14. In addition, it has a laminated structure that combines multiple high-permittivity materials and water-repellent materials.
- the edge film 19 may be configured.
- the lens array 10 of the present embodiment includes a plurality of lens elements 13 in which the first liquid 11 is unevenly distributed on the lid 15 side and the second liquid 12 is unevenly distributed on the common substrate 14 side.
- Each lens element 13 has its arrangement position determined by the inner peripheral portion of the side wall 14 a of the common substrate 14 and the protrusion 16. That is, in the example shown in FIG. 1A, a total of 12 quadrangular shapes of 3 rows and 4 columns between the inner peripheral portion of the side wall 14a and the adjacent protrusions 16 and between the adjacent protrusions 16 are provided.
- the lens elements 13 are arranged in an array in the plane. Actually, since the protrusions 16 are more erected than in the illustrated example, the number of arrangement of the lens elements 13 is further increased.
- the lens surface 13A of each lens element 13 has the first liquid 11 in contact with the inner surface of the side wall 14a of the common substrate 14 or the periphery of the protrusion 16 at a predetermined contact angle.
- a predetermined curved surface shape is formed.
- the lens surface 13A has a curved surface shape such that a line connecting the inner surface of the side wall 14a and the protrusion 16 and a line connecting the protrusions 16 draws a ridge line, and the center of the rectangular element is curved in a concave shape.
- the partition formation area between the lens elements can be made much smaller, which can increase the effective area of the lens and improve the transmittance. Can be achieved.
- each lens element 13 can be controlled by the processing accuracy of the protrusion 16. Therefore, the processing area for obtaining the shape accuracy of the lens element 13 can be reduced as compared with the conventional case, and the manufacturing cost of the lens array 10 can be greatly reduced.
- the first and second liquids 11 and 12 communicate with each other between the plurality of adjacent lens elements 13, the first liquid 11 and the second liquid The interface with 12 is connected to one. Since the interface energy works to be minimized, the variation of the individual lens elements 13 is made uniform. As a result, variations in the liquid amounts of the first and second liquids 11 and 12 for each lens element 13 can be suppressed. In addition, it is not necessary to adjust the amount of liquid with high accuracy for each element. As described above, the lens characteristics of the lens elements 13 constituting the lens array 10 can be easily and uniformly performed, and the lens array 10 can be easily assembled.
- the shape, size, and the like of the lens element 13 can be set almost arbitrarily according to the formation interval, the cross-sectional shape, and the like of the protrusions 16.
- the protrusions 16 are formed at regular intervals in the top, bottom, left, and right directions in FIG. 1, it is possible to form a square-shaped lens element in plan view, and at the same time, configure a lens array having similar lens characteristics. can do .
- a lens array having different lens characteristics can be configured.
- the distance between the plurality of adjacent protrusions 16 or the distance between the inner surface of the side wall 14a of the common substrate and the protrusion 16 adjacent thereto is set to a length equal to or shorter than the capillary length.
- Capillary length is the maximum length that can ignore the influence of gravity on the interfacial tension, and the relationship between the conductive liquid and the insulating liquid is expressed by the following formula (2). Is done.
- a in Fig. 2 shows the interface shape of the first and second liquids 11 and 12 when the distance between the protrusions 16 is equal to or shorter than the capillary length ( ⁇ - 1 ).
- the interface between the first and second liquids 1 1 and 12 maintains the curved shape without being affected by gravity, and the interface shape can be controlled by electrocapillarity.
- the interface between the first and second liquids 11 and 12 is flat in the middle due to the influence of gravity, as shown in Fig. 2B. Therefore, it becomes difficult to change the interface shape using the electrocapillary phenomenon.
- the distance between the plurality of adjacent protrusions 16 or the distance between the inner surface of the side wall 14a of the common substrate and the protrusion 16 adjacent thereto needs to be set to a length equal to or shorter than the capillary length.
- the length and diagonal length of one side of the rectangular lens element are set to be equal to or shorter than the capillary length.
- the capillary length differs depending on the type of two media constituting the interface.
- Figure 3 shows a comparison of the interfacial tension, density difference, and capillary length when the two media are water and air and water and oil.
- the capillary length for water and air is 2.7 mm, whereas the capillary length for water and oil is 15.2 mm. Therefore, by reducing the density difference (specific gravity difference) between the first and second liquids 11 and 12 to 0.0129, the distance between the protrusions 16 can be increased to 15.2 mm.
- the cross-sectional shape of the columnar protrusion 16 is, of course, not limited to this force that is circular in the illustrated example, and may be a high shape such as an ellipsoid, a triangular system, or a quadrangle.
- the height of the protrusion 16 is not limited to the height of the side wall 14a of the common substrate 14 as shown in FIG. 1B, but may be the same as the height of the side wall 14a. In this case, since the upper end of the protrusion 16 is in contact with the lid 15, even if the area of the lens array 10 is increased, the distance between the substrate 14 and the lid 15 is prevented from being changed by an external force or the like.
- a gap may be provided between the upper end of the protrusion 16 and the lid 15 depending on the size of the lens array 10 and the usage conditions, or only some of the protrusions 16 are formed at a height that makes contact with the lid 15. You may do it.
- the side surfaces of the protrusions 16 are not limited to being perpendicular to the substrate 14, but may be tapered or tapered.
- Figure 4 shows a comparison of the initial shapes of the interfaces of the first and second liquids 11 and 12 due to the difference in protrusion shape.
- 4A shows an example of a straight cylindrical protrusion
- B of FIG. 4 shows an example of a tapered protrusion 16A
- C of FIG. 4 shows an example of a tapered protrusion 16B.
- the contact angle of the first liquid 11 with respect to the side surface of the protrusion is the same.
- the curvature of the interface is smaller than that of the straight cylindrical protrusion 16
- the curvature of the interface is larger than that of the straight cylindrical protrusion 16.
- FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B show a second embodiment of the present invention.
- This embodiment is different from the first embodiment described above in that the projections that define the formation ranges of the individual lens elements are formed in a linear shape.
- portions corresponding to those of the first embodiment described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- a in FIG. 5 is a plan view of the common substrate 14 constituting the lens array, in which linear protrusions 26 are arranged in a two-dimensional lattice pattern, and three rows X are arranged between a plurality of adjacent protrusions 26.
- An example is shown in which a total of 12 square lens element formation regions in four rows are partitioned.
- the protrusion 26 is formed with a passage 27 for allowing liquid communication between adjacent lens elements. Through The path 27 may be formed by notching a part of the force protrusion 26 formed between the plurality of linearly aligned protrusions 26.
- FIG. 5B is a plan view of the common substrate 14 constituting the lens array, in which linear protrusions 26 are arranged in a one-dimensional lattice pattern, and one row X is formed between a plurality of adjacent protrusions 26.
- An example is shown in which the formation area of a total of four cylindrical lenses (or lenticular lenses) in four rows is partitioned. Also in this example, a passage 27 is formed to allow liquid communication between adjacent lens elements.
- FIG. 6A and 6B show the schematic configuration of the lens array 30 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6A is a plan view showing the internal structure of the lens array 30, and
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of the lens array 30.
- parts corresponding to those of the first embodiment described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- a plurality of lens elements 13 including the first and second liquids 11 and 12 are disposed in the liquid chamber formed between the common substrate 14 and the lid 15. Are two-dimensionally arranged.
- the common substrate 14 is formed of a transparent plate material having a flat front surface and back surface, similarly to the lid body 15.
- a porous plate 31 is disposed between the common substrate 14 and the lid 15, and individual lenses are provided in a plurality of circular openings 32 formed in the surface of the porous plate 31.
- the element 13 is accommodated, and each lens element 13 is partitioned by the non-opening 33 of the perforated plate 31.
- a passage 36 that allows liquid communication between the openings 32 is formed.
- One passage 35 is formed by forming the surface of the perforated plate 31 on the side facing the common substrate 14 in a concave shape, and the other passage 36 is formed by the formation thickness of the sealing member 20 in the liquid chamber configuration. .
- the perforated plate 31 has a lower surface of the surrounding frame portion 31F joined to the common substrate 14. Further, the upper surface of the frame portion 31F is tightly fixed to the lid body 15 via the sealing member 20.
- the perforated plate 31 is made of a semiconductor material such as a silicon substrate.
- the porous plate 31 is made of an insulating substrate such as a metal plate, glass, ceramics, or resin. I do not care. In the case of an insulating resin, an electrode film made of a conductive material is formed.
- the perforated plate 31 is connected to an external voltage source (not shown) through the terminal portion 21b.
- the front and back surfaces of the perforated plate 31 and the periphery of the opening 32 are covered with an insulating film 34, and electrical insulation between the conductive first liquid 11 and the perforated plate 31 is achieved.
- the material of the insulating film 34 is not particularly limited as long as it is water-repellent, transparent, predetermined withstand voltage, uniform film thickness / film quality.
- the operating voltage of the lens element 13 varies depending on the thickness of the insulating film 34 and the dielectric constant. The operating voltage decreases as the dielectric film 34 becomes thinner and the dielectric constant increases.
- the insulating film 34 may be formed before the perforated plate 31 and the common substrate 14 are joined, or after the joining.
- the porous plate 31 and the common substrate 14 are bonded by an anodic bonding method. Can do.
- a diffusion bonding method, an ultrasonic bonding method, or the like can be employed.
- a bonding method using an adhesive can also be applied, and any combination of materials of the perforated plate 31 and the common substrate 14 can be used.
- the first liquid 11 is on the lid 15 side and the second liquid 12 is on the common substrate 14 side, as in the first embodiment.
- a plurality of unevenly distributed lens elements 13 are provided.
- Each lens element 13 has its arrangement position determined by the formation position of the opening 32 of the perforated plate 31, and in the example shown in FIG. 6A, a total of nine circular lenses of 3 rows ⁇ 3 columns
- the elements 13 are arranged in an array in the plane.
- the number of lens elements 13 arranged is not limited to this, and the number of lens elements 13 arranged can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the number of openings 32 formed.
- the lens surface 13A of each lens element 13 has a predetermined contact angle between the first liquid 11 and the peripheral edge of the opening 32 of the perforated plate 31.
- curved surface Form a shape.
- the lens surface 13A has a curved surface shape in which the central portion of the element is concavely curved.
- the lens surface 13A of each lens element 13 is arbitrarily changed depending on the magnitude of the voltage applied to the terminal portions 21a and 21b. Specifically, when the applied voltage is increased, the lens array 30 can function as a variable focus lens for light transmitted through the lens array 30.
- the porous plate 31 is disposed between the common substrate 14 and the lid 15, the plurality of lens elements 13 are partitioned by the non-opening portions 33 of the multi-porous plate 31, and the passage Through 35 and 36, droplet communication between a plurality of adjacent lens elements 13 is achieved.
- variations in the liquid amounts of the first and second liquids 11 and 12 for each lens element 13 can be suppressed.
- the lens characteristics of the lens elements 13 constituting the lens array 30 can be easily and uniformly performed, and the lens array 30 can be easily assembled.
- the thickness of the porous plate 31 constituting the opening 32 is set to a thickness that does not hinder the shape change of the lens surface 13A in the set range of the applied voltage.
- the shape of the opening 32 is not limited to a circle, but may be another geometric shape such as a polygon such as a quadrangle or an ellipse. Since the effective area of the lens element 13 as a lens can be increased by making the opening 32 circular, it is possible to configure the lens element 13 having excellent optical characteristics. In addition, by making the opening 32 polygonal, it is possible to increase the opening area of the opening 32.
- the size of the opening 32 is preferably set to a length equal to or shorter than the capillary length.
- the formation positions of the openings 32 are not limited to the arrangement in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction as shown in FIG. 6A.
- a dense arrangement structure of the openings 32 may be employed in which the openings 32 in the next row are positioned between the aligned openings 32.
- the perforated plate 31 is made of an insulating material such as glass, plastic, or ceramic, as shown in FIG.
- a transparent conductive film such as ITO may be formed in a pattern, and the electrode 37 may be covered with a water-repellent insulating film 34 as shown in FIG.
- the electrode 37 is routed on the mesh between the openings 32 and is formed on one side of the surface of the common substrate 14 via a connecting portion 37P formed on the outer surface of the frame portion 31F of the porous plate 31. Commonly connected to 21b.
- each lens element 13 is driven independently by forming the electrodes 37 of each opening 32 independently and individually connecting to the terminal portions 21b provided corresponding to each opening. Is possible.
- the porous plate 31 and the lid body 15 it is also possible to adopt a configuration in which liquid communication is ensured only by the passage 35 between the perforated plate 31 and the common substrate 14 in close contact with each other.
- the clearance between the porous plate 31 and the common substrate 14 can be kept constant by arranging the support post 38 between the porous plate 31 and the common substrate 14.
- the variation in the liquid amount between the lens elements 13 can be prevented.
- durability against external stress can be improved.
- the support column 38 is formed between the non-opening 33 of the perforated plate 31 and the common substrate 14.
- the size, shape and number of struts 38 are not particularly limited.
- the support column 38 may be formed on the common substrate 14 side or may be formed on the perforated plate 31 side.
- the support 38 is not limited to being integrally formed with the common substrate 14 or the perforated plate 31, and may be formed of a separate member.
- B in FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the principal part of a configuration example in which a passage 35 is formed on the lower surface of the perforated plate 31 so that the adjacent openings 32 can communicate with the liquid droplets.
- the shape, size, number of formation, and formation position of the passage 35 are not particularly limited, but are designed to ensure ease of introduction of the first and second liquids 11 and 12 into the opening 32. It is preferable to do this.
- FIG. 10 is a fragmentary process cross-sectional view for explaining one method of manufacturing the lens array 30.
- a silicon substrate is used as the perforated plate 31, and a glass substrate such as Pyrex glass (trade name) is used as the common substrate 14.
- a resist layer 42 patterned in a predetermined shape is formed on one surface of a silicon substrate 41 constituting the porous plate 31 by using a photolithography technique.
- a predetermined amount of one surface of the silicon substrate 41 is etched using the resist layer 42 as a mask.
- a recess 43 having a predetermined depth is formed on one surface of the silicon substrate 41.
- the recess 43 constitutes a liquid communication passage 35 (B in FIG. 6) formed between the perforated plate 31 and the common substrate 14 in the lens array 30.
- the resist layer 42 is removed, and as shown in FIG. 10C, a resist layer 44 patterned into a predetermined shape is formed on the other surface of the silicon substrate 41 using a photolithography technique. . Then, as shown in D of FIG. 10, the other surface of the silicon substrate 41 is etched using the resist layer 44 as a mask to form a plurality of openings 32 penetrating the silicon substrate 41. As described above, the porous plate 31 disposed between the common substrate 14 and the lid 15 is manufactured.
- the resist layer 44 is removed, and as shown in E of FIG. 10, one surface of the porous plate 31 and the upper surface of the common substrate 14 are anodically bonded and integrated. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 10F, an insulating film 34 is formed on the surfaces of the multi-hole plate 31 and the common substrate 14. As a result, the non-opening 33 of the porous plate 31 is covered with the insulating film 34.
- a liquid chamber is formed by providing a sealing member 20 on the upper surface of the frame portion of the porous plate 31, and a conductive second electrode is formed in the opening 32 of the porous plate 31.
- a predetermined amount of the second liquid 12 is injected into each opening 32 using a liquid dropping means such as a syringe or a dispenser nozzle, and then the liquid chamber is filled.
- a liquid dropping means such as a syringe or a dispenser nozzle
- a lid 15 is disposed on the sealing member 20 to seal the first and second liquids 11 and 12 in the liquid chamber.
- a lens array 30 in which a plurality of lens elements 13 made of the first and second liquids 11 and 12 are two-dimensionally arranged is manufactured.
- the present embodiment since a plurality of adjacent lens elements 13 are in fluid communication with each other, variations in the liquid amount between the lens elements 13 can be suppressed. In addition, element unit Thus, it is possible to eliminate the need to adjust the liquid amount with high accuracy. As described above, the lens characteristics of the lens elements 13 constituting the lens array 30 can be easily and uniformly performed, and the lens array 30 can be easily assembled.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the main part showing the configuration of the lens array 30,
- B in FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view in the direction [B]-[B] in A of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a process cross-sectional view illustrating the method for manufacturing the lens array 30.
- a lens array 30 shown in FIG. 11 includes a liquid inlet 47A for introducing the first and second liquids 11 and 12 into the liquid chamber at a predetermined position of the frame portion 31F of the perforated plate 31, and a liquid chamber
- a liquid outlet 47B for discharging the first and second liquids 11 and 12 is formed, and the liquid inlet 47A and the liquid outlet 47B are sealed by seal members 46A and 46B, respectively. It has the structure made.
- the formation positions of the liquid inlet 47A and the liquid outlet 47B are not particularly limited, but in this example, the liquid inlet 47A and the liquid outlet 47B are formed at symmetrical positions with respect to the center of the porous plate 31, respectively.
- a support column 38 is provided between the non-opening 33 of the perforated plate 31 and the common substrate 14.
- the support 38 has a configuration as shown in FIG. 9A, and a detailed description thereof is omitted here.
- the support column 38 is formed integrally with the perforated plate 31.
- FIG. 12A a resist layer 62 patterned in a predetermined shape is formed on one surface of a silicon substrate 61 constituting the porous plate 31 by using a photolithography technique. Then, as shown in FIG. 12B, a predetermined amount of one surface of the silicon substrate 61 is etched using the resist layer 62 as a mask. As a result, a recess 63 having a predetermined depth is formed on one surface of the silicon substrate 61, and a support 38, a liquid inlet 47A, and a liquid outlet 47B are formed. The recess 63 constitutes a liquid communication passage formed between the perforated plate 31 and the common substrate 14.
- the resist layer 62 is removed, and as shown in FIG. 12C, a resist layer 64 patterned into a predetermined shape using a photolithography technique is formed on the other surface of the silicon substrate 61. To do. Then, as shown in FIG. 12D, the other surface of the silicon substrate 61 is etched using the resist layer 64 as a mask to form a plurality of openings 32 penetrating the silicon substrate 61. As described above, the porous plate 31 disposed between the common substrate 14 and the lid 15 is manufactured.
- the resist layer 64 is removed, and as shown in E of FIG. 12, the one surface of the frame portion of the porous plate 31 and the tip of the support 38 and the upper surface of the common substrate 14 are anodically bonded. And integrate. Thereafter, as shown in F of FIG. 13, an insulating layer 34 is formed on the surface of each of the perforated plate 31 and the common substrate 14. As a result, the non-opening 33 including the support post 38 of the porous plate 31 is covered with the insulating film 34.
- a liquid chamber is formed by disposing a lid 15 on the upper surface of the frame portion of the perforated plate 31 via a sealing member 20.
- the first liquid 11 is introduced from the liquid inlet 47A), and a liquid communication passage formed between the perforated plate 31, the common substrate 14, and the lid 15 is formed.
- the first liquid 11 is filled into the liquid chamber via At this time, the liquid discharge port 47B is kept open, and the remaining air in the liquid chamber and the excess of the first liquid 11 are discharged from the liquid discharge port 47B force.
- the liquid inlet 47A and the liquid outlet 47B are shown in cross section.
- the liquid introduction port 47A also introduces the second liquid 12 while the liquid discharge port 47B is opened.
- the second liquid 12 spreads throughout the liquid chamber through a liquid communication path between the porous plate 31 and the common substrate 14, and is formed at the periphery of the opening 32 of the porous plate 31 by the water-repellent insulating film 34. Spread wet.
- the first liquid 11 is discharged from the liquid outlet 47B when the second liquid 12 is introduced.
- the second liquid 12 reaches the liquid outlet 47B, the first liquid 11 is not discharged.
- the liquid introduction port 47A and the liquid discharge port 47B are sealed with seal members 46A and 46B, respectively.
- a lens array 30 in which a plurality of lens elements 13 made of the first and second liquids 11 and 12 are two-dimensionally arranged in the liquid chamber can be produced.
- the plurality of adjacent lens elements 13 are in fluid communication with each other, variations in the liquid amount between the lens elements 13 can be suppressed.
- the lens characteristics of the lens elements 13 constituting the lens array 30 can be made uniform, and the lens array 30 can be easily assembled.
- the lens array 30 is produced by sequentially introducing the first and second liquids 11 and 12 from the side of the liquid chamber.
- the work of adjusting the amount of liquid and individually dropping and injecting it becomes unnecessary, and the assembly work of the lens array 30 can be further facilitated.
- the introduction pressures of the first and second liquids 11 and 12 can be appropriately adjusted.
- the liquid chamber at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, it is possible to configure a device that is not easily affected by the external environment (eg, depressurization in high mountains, pressurization in water).
- sealing members 46A and 46B after an elastic body such as a rubber plug is press-fitted into the liquid introduction port 47A and the liquid discharge port 47B, the outside is bonded and cured with an adhesive, or the liquid introduction port 47A, There is a method in which an adhesive is directly injected into the liquid outlet 47B and cured. Further, the sealing members 46A and 46B may be configured by check valves (check valves) that regulate the liquid flow direction.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020097000455A KR101426970B1 (ko) | 2006-07-10 | 2007-07-10 | 렌즈 어레이 |
EP07768426A EP2040116B1 (en) | 2006-07-10 | 2007-07-10 | Lens array |
US12/306,909 US7952809B2 (en) | 2006-07-10 | 2007-07-10 | Lens array |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006188781 | 2006-07-10 | ||
JP2006-188781 | 2006-07-10 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2008007797A1 true WO2008007797A1 (fr) | 2008-01-17 |
Family
ID=38923356
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2007/064049 WO2008007797A1 (fr) | 2006-07-10 | 2007-07-10 | Agencement de lentilles |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7952809B2 (ja) |
EP (3) | EP2503363A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101426970B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101490614A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2008007797A1 (ja) |
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JP2012032433A (ja) * | 2010-07-28 | 2012-02-16 | Sony Corp | 液体デバイス、および表示装置 |
KR101309424B1 (ko) * | 2010-07-29 | 2013-09-23 | 주식회사 팬택 | 입체영상 디스플레이 장치 및 그의 제조 방법 |
JP2012042758A (ja) * | 2010-08-19 | 2012-03-01 | Sony Corp | 液体光学素子アレイおよび立体像表示装置 |
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JP5685891B2 (ja) * | 2010-11-02 | 2015-03-18 | ソニー株式会社 | 光学素子および立体表示装置 |
JP2012181513A (ja) * | 2011-02-10 | 2012-09-20 | Daikin Ind Ltd | エレクトロウエッティング用疎水性誘電体フィルム |
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US10578882B2 (en) | 2015-12-28 | 2020-03-03 | Ostendo Technologies, Inc. | Non-telecentric emissive micro-pixel array light modulators and methods of fabrication thereof |
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- 2007-07-10 EP EP07768426A patent/EP2040116B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-07-10 US US12/306,909 patent/US7952809B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-07-10 KR KR1020097000455A patent/KR101426970B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 2007-07-10 CN CNA2007800262271A patent/CN101490614A/zh active Pending
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7952809B2 (en) | 2011-05-31 |
KR20090038425A (ko) | 2009-04-20 |
EP2040116A4 (en) | 2010-07-14 |
US20090268303A1 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
EP2040116A1 (en) | 2009-03-25 |
KR101426970B1 (ko) | 2014-08-06 |
CN101490614A (zh) | 2009-07-22 |
EP2503363A1 (en) | 2012-09-26 |
EP2040116B1 (en) | 2013-02-13 |
EP2503362A1 (en) | 2012-09-26 |
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