WO2007058728A2 - Organic electric camera - Google Patents
Organic electric camera Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007058728A2 WO2007058728A2 PCT/US2006/040283 US2006040283W WO2007058728A2 WO 2007058728 A2 WO2007058728 A2 WO 2007058728A2 US 2006040283 W US2006040283 W US 2006040283W WO 2007058728 A2 WO2007058728 A2 WO 2007058728A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- organic
- detector
- photosensitive devices
- array
- devices
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
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- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
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- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
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- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14601—Structural or functional details thereof
- H01L27/14625—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/80—Constructional details
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/14—Eye parts, e.g. lenses, corneal implants; Implanting instruments specially adapted therefor; Artificial eyes
- A61F2/141—Artificial eyes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
- B29D11/02—Artificial eyes from organic plastic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
- B29D11/02—Artificial eyes from organic plastic material
- B29D11/023—Implants for natural eyes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
- H04N23/55—Optical parts specially adapted for electronic image sensors; Mounting thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic radiation-sensitive element covered by group H10K30/00
- H10K39/30—Devices controlled by radiation
- H10K39/32—Organic image sensors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
- H04N23/51—Housings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Definitions
- the claimed invention was made by, on behalf of, and/or in connection with one or more of the following parties to a joint university corporation research agreement: Princeton University and the Universal Display Corporation. The agreement was in effect on and before the date the claimed invention was made, and the claimed invention was made as a result of activities undertaken within the scope of the agreement.
- Imaging devices such as cameras, image sensors, and motion capture devices, are restricted in the field of view and depth of field available when compared to the human eye.
- Previous work has attempted to reproduce the variability of the human eye by, for example, approximating the curved surface of the retina with arrays of traditional imaging ⁇ evices such as cameras and light sensors arranged on curved surfaces.
- Such attempts are limited in their use and construction, due to device complexity, limited resolution and fields of view, expense, generally high signal to noise density, and need for multiple lens systems. There is therefore a need for an imaging device that provides a simple imaging system that is lightweight, inexpensive, smaller, and that provides a large field of view without distortion.
- organic opto-electronic devices include organic light emitting devices (OLEDs), organic phototransistors, organic photovoltaic cells, organic photodetectors and other organic photosensitive devices.
- OLEDs organic light emitting devices
- organic phototransistors organic phototransistors
- organic photovoltaic cells organic photovoltaic cells
- organic photodetectors organic photosensitive devices
- organic includes polymeric materials as well as small molecule organic materials that may be used to fabricate organic opto-electronic devices.
- Small molecule refers to any organic material that is not a polymer, and "small molecules” may actually be quite large. Small molecules may include repeat units in some circumstances. For example, using a long chain alkyl group as a substitue ⁇ t does not remove a molecule from the "small molecule” class. Small molecules may also be incorporated into polymers, for example as a pendent group on a polymer backbone or as a part of the backbone.
- Small molecules may also serve as the core moiety of a dendrimer, which consists of a series of chemical shells built on the core moiety.
- the core moiety of a dendrimer may be a fluorescent or phosphorescent small molecule emitter.
- a dendrimer may be a "small molecule," and it is believtd that all dendrimers currently used in the field of OLEDs are small molecules.
- a small molecule has a well-defined chemical formula with a single molecular weight, whereas a polymer has a chemical formula and a molecular weight that may vary from molecule to molecule.
- organic includes metal complexes of hydrocarbyl and heteroatom-substituted hydrocarbyl ligands.
- OLEDs make use of thin organic films that emit light when voltage is applied across the device.
- photosensitive devices may generate voltage from incident light, and can therefore be used as detectors and, for example, in imaging devices such as cameras.
- Several opto-electronic materials and configurations are described in U.S. Patent Nos : . 5,844,363, 6,303,238, and 5,707,745, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
- Organic photosensitive devices are specifically described in U.S. Patent No. 6,657,378, 6,451,415, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- Opto-electronic devices are generally (but not always) intended to emit or absorb light through at least one of the electrodes, and one or more transparent electrodes may be useful, in organic opto-electronic devices.
- a transparent electrode material such as indium tin oxide (ITO)
- ITO indium tin oxide
- a transparent top electrode such as disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,703,436 and 5,707,745, which are incorporated by reference in their entireties, may also be used.
- the top electrode does not need to be transparent, and may be comprised of a thick and reflective metal layer having a high electrical conductivity.
- the bottom electrode may be opaque and / or reflective.
- an electrode does not need to be transparent, using a thicker layer may provide better conductivity, and using a reflective electrode may increase the amount of light emitted through the other electrode, by reflecting light back towards the transparent electrode.
- Fully transparent devices may also be fabricated, where both electrodes are transparent.
- top means furthest away from the substrate
- bottom means closest to the substrate.
- the bottom electrode is the electrode closest to the substrate, and is generally the first electrode fabricated.
- the bottom electrode has two surfaces, a bottom surface closest to the substrate, and a top surface further away from the substrate.
- a first layer is described as "disposed over” a second layer
- the first layer is disposed further away from substrate.
- a cathode may be described as "disposed over" an anode, even though there are various organic layers in between.
- Figure 1 is an example of an organic photosensitive device.
- Figure 2-3 show embodiments of the present invention.
- Figure 4 shows a method for fabricating a device in accordance with embodiments of the invention.
- Figure 5 shows another method for fabricating a device in accordance with embodiments of the invention.
- the present invention is directed to a an organic imaging device having organic detectors on a curved surface.
- the device may be used for imaging applications such as photography, lightweight camera systems, very high-resolution imaging, lightweight "night vision", robotic vision, and others.
- a concave housing with a deformable lens is provided.
- the deformable lens allows for a range of fields of view and focal lengths.
- the invention may be configured to detect a range of electromagnetic radiation. It may then provide input to a computer, display, or other device for processing or display of the detected radiation as an image.
- An organic photosensitive device comprises at least one photoactive region in which light is absorbed to form an exciton, which may subsequently dissociate into an electron and a hole.
- Figure 1 shows an example of an organic photosensitive optoelectronic device 100 in which the photoactive region 150 comprises a donor-acceptor heterojunction.
- the "photoactive region” is a portion of a photosensitive device that absorbs electromagnetic radiation to generate excitons that may dissociate in order to generate an electrical current.
- Device 100 comprises an anode 120, an anode smoothing layer 122, a donor 152, an acceptor 154, an exciton blocking layer (“EBL”) 156, and a cathode 170, over a substrate 110.
- EBL exciton blocking layer
- Anode 120 and cathode 170 may be composed of metals or "metal substitutes.”
- metal is used to embrace both materials composed of an elementally pure metal, and also metal alloys which are materials composed of two or more elementally pure metals.
- metal substitute refers to a material that is not a metal within the normal definition, but which has the metal-like properties such as conductivity, such as doped wide-bandgap semiconductors, degenerate semiconductors, conducting oxides, and conductive polymers.
- Electrodes may comprise a single layer or multiple layers (a "compound” electrode), may be transparent, semi-transparent, or opaque. As used herein, a layer is said to be “transparent” if it transmits at least 50% of the ambient electromagnetic radiation in a relevant wavelength. As will be understood by one skilled in the art, other types and configurations of electrodes may be used.
- the substrate 110 may be any suitable substrate that provides desired structural properties.
- the substrate may be flexible or rigid, planar or non-planar.
- the substrate may be transparent, translucent or opaque.
- Rigid plastics and glass are examples of preferred rigid substrate materials.
- Flexible plastics and metal foils are examples of preferred flexible substrate materials.
- An anode-smoothing layer 122 may be situated between the anode layer 120 and the donor layer 152.
- Photoactive region 150 comprises donor material 152 and acceptor material 154.
- Organic materials for use in the photoactive region may include organometallic compounds, including cyclometallated organometallic compounds.
- Organic layers may be fabricated using vacuum deposition, spin coating, organic vapor-phase deposition, inkjet printing and other methods known in the art.
- Lens 250 has a curved focal plane in the shape of curved surface 230.
- Lens 250 may comprise a transparent elastomer, such as poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS); other materials may be advantageous in certain configurations.
- Curved surface 230 may be spherical, roughly spherical, or ellipsoidal. Other shapes may also be desirable.
- Lens 250 is disposed in an opening in curved surface 230.
- the focal plane of lens 250 may be chosen to select for certain wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation 240 incident on the lens.
- Detector 210 is disposed on curved surface 230, such that incident electromagnetic radiation 240 transmitted through lens 250 will be detected.
- electromagnetic radiation 240 may comprise signals in the optical range, i.e., visible light. It may comprise signals with longer or shorter wavelengths, such as infrared, ultraviolet, or other wavelength ranges.
- detector 210 comprises a plurality of organic photosensitive devices. Detector 210 may provide input to a data processing system (not shown). Detector 210 may be connected to backplane 220 to allow detector 210 to be used in an active matrix configuration. Bacl ⁇ lane 220 may comprise thin film transistors.
- FIG. 3 is another illustration of the present invention.
- Deformable lens 350 is a deformable lens with a curved focal plane, disposed in an opening in curved surface 330.
- Incident electromagnetic radiation 340 is transmitted through deformable lens 350 and absorbed by organic detector 310.
- the radius of curvature of surface 330 may vary. For example, in applications requiring a small device the radius may be on the order of a millimeter, while devices used in a larger application may have radium the tens of meters.
- the invention may include synthetic "muscles" 3 , 60 and 361, which may be disposed adjacent to and in physical contact with lens 350.
- a synthetic muscle is a device that can expand and contract in response to an external signal.
- muscles 360 and 361 comprise a polymer. Suitable materials for fabrication of polymer muscles include PDMS.
- Polymer muscles 360 and 361 may be controlled by a computer or other processing system (not shown). It may be preferred that polymer muscles 360 and 361 are controlled by focusing mechanism 370. Focusing mechanism 370 may be disposed within, or on the interior of, the curved surface. It may use a stereo-computed range to determine appropriate focusing distance. Polymer muscles 360 and 361 may be made to expand or contract, thereby changing the focal plane, aperture, or focal length of deformable lens 350.
- Organic detector 310 is disposed on the concave side of curved surface 330, and is in the shape of the focal plane of lens 350.
- Backplane S20. may comprise an array of thin-film transistors, control and processing elements, or other devices.
- detector 310 may comprise a plurality of organic detectors such as bilayer CuPc/Qo diodes, multiple heterojunction diodes, or polymeric diodes. Detector 310 may provide input to a computer (not shown) for data processing.
- Detector 310 may comprise a plurality of organic photosensitive devices disposed in an array. As will be understood by one skilled in the art, devices are arranged in an array if they are disposed in a roughly grid-like arrangement. Such arrangement may be preferable to facilitate use of the output of detector 310 as, for example, input to a processing device, display, or other device. [0024] Detector 310 may comprise an active matrix, wrncn runner comprises an array of organic transistors and an array of organic photosensitive devices. Such arrangement may be preferable where it is desired to access signals from many directions simultaneously. Similarly, " detector 310 may comprise a passive matrix array, which may be simpler to fabricate than an active matrix array, but which may require multiple detectors to share signal lines. In preferred embodiments, the detector will comprise a high-resolution detector array. This may be preferable in uses where detailed, large, or precise imagery is desired.
- the organic detector which allow for detection of light in non- visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
- the detector will detect light in the ultraviolet or infrared regions.
- photosensitive devices are described, for example, in U.S Patent Nos. 6,352,777, 6,297,495, 6,278,055, 6,198,091, and 6,198,091, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- the organic detector In order to provide a high resolution, it is preferable for the organic detector to cover a large percentage of the surface area with photosensitive material or devices available for receiving electromagnetic radiation. A higher coverage allows the device to capture more incident radiation. Achieving coverage and high resolution simultaneously may be an issue because each separate pixel may be surrounded by an area unable to receive electromagnetic radiation and convert it into current. Organic devices may mitigate this issue and therefore may provide an increased resolution. It is especially preferable that the detector of the present invention have a coverage of at least about 70%. Such a coverage may be achieved with organic devices, for example as described in U.S. Patent Application No. 2004/0032205, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- the present invention may provide a focusing mechanism controlling polymer muscles allows for adjustment of the focal length of the deformable lens.
- Polymer muscles 360 and 361 may deform lens 350 in order to adjust the f-number of the device. It is preferred that the device provides a range of f-numbers to allow flexibility in focusing.
- an "f-number" refers to the ratio of the size of an opening to the focal length of the lens transmitting light through that opening.
- An f-number is usually written as f/X, with X representing the ratio of focal length to aperture diameter. Note that f/8 is considered a larger f-number than f/1.
- an f-number of f/8 represents a focal length that is 8 times the aperture diameter
- a lower f-number represents an increased sensitivity to electromagnetic radiation.
- a lower f-number may also result in a decreased depth of focus. It is advantageous to provide a range of sensitivity and depth of focus.
- Deformable lens 350 is capable of providing different f-numbers based on the degree to which it is deformed.
- the present invention may be capable of providing an f-number as small as f/1.
- a lens is capable of providing a specific f-number if the f-number can be attained by deforming the lens within its expected tolerances.
- a deformable lens may be deformable to a maximum amount in several directions; the lens is capable of providing the range of f-numbers that result from the range of deformations to which the lens may be subjected.
- the f-number of a deformable lens may be adjusted by deforming the lens in order to change the effective size of the opening in which the lens is disposed, to change the focal length of the lens, or both.
- FIG. 4 A process for fabricating a device in accordance with an embodiment of the invention is shown in Fig. 4.
- housing 430 with a non-developable concave interior surface 431 (4a) is obtained.
- a plurality of organic photosensitive devices 410 is deposited through the opening of housing 430 and onto interior surface 431 (4b).
- Deformable lens 450 is then placed in the opening of housing 430 (4c).
- non-developable refers to a surface that cannot be deformed into a flat sheet without tearing, shearing, shrinking, or stretching. For example, a cylindrical surface is developable, whereas a spherical surface is non-developable.
- Photosensitive devices 410 may be deposited using, for example, organic vapor jet printing and ink jet printing.
- Organic devices are preferred for deposition on non-developable surfaces because organic vapor jet printing, ink jet printing, and similar fabrication methods may not be practiced for non-organic devices.
- Deposition onto a non-developable surface may be preferred because many preferred focal planes may have non-developable shapes, and deposition onto a planar surface followed by deformation of the surface into the desired shape may place considerable strain on the device.
- the devices may further comprise an active matrix or a passive matrix.
- a layer comprising thin-film transistors may be deposited as a, or onto, a backplane on the non-developable surface.
- Other elements may be added to the invention.
- FIG. 5 Another method for fabricating a device in accordance with an embodiment of the invention is shown in Fig. 5.
- a plurality of photosensitive devices 510 is deposited onto surface 531 (5a).
- Surface 531 is then deformed into a curved surface having opening 532 (5b).
- Deformable lens 550 is placed into opening 532 (5c).
- Photosensitive devices 510 may be deposited by, for example, organic vapor jet printing or ink jet printing. Photosensitive devices 510 may further comprise an active or passive matrix.
- the fabrication process may include other steps. For example, prior to deforming surface 531 or inserting deformable lens 550, polymer muscles, focusing mechanisms, or backplanes may be placed in the device.
- the process described with respect to Figure 5 may either be limited to developable shapes for surface 531, or may require tearing, shearing, shrinking, or stretching of surface 531 to achieve a non-developable surface. Nevertheless, devices fabricated using the process described with respect to Figure 5 may be suitable for some uses.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT06825982T ATE555501T1 (en) | 2005-11-15 | 2006-10-13 | ORGANIC ELECTRICAL CAMERA |
JP2008540032A JP2009516372A (en) | 2005-11-15 | 2006-10-13 | Organic electric camera |
EP06825982A EP1949471B1 (en) | 2005-11-15 | 2006-10-13 | Organic electric camera |
CN2006800424873A CN101310396B (en) | 2005-11-15 | 2006-10-13 | Organic electric camera |
KR1020087011356A KR101629511B1 (en) | 2005-11-15 | 2006-10-13 | Organic electric camera |
KR1020167003128A KR101712155B1 (en) | 2005-11-15 | 2006-10-13 | Organic electric camera |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/272,796 US9041851B2 (en) | 2005-11-15 | 2005-11-15 | Organic electronic detectors and methods of fabrication |
US11/272,796 | 2005-11-15 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2007058728A2 true WO2007058728A2 (en) | 2007-05-24 |
WO2007058728A3 WO2007058728A3 (en) | 2007-12-21 |
Family
ID=37891931
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2006/040283 WO2007058728A2 (en) | 2005-11-15 | 2006-10-13 | Organic electric camera |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9041851B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1949471B1 (en) |
JP (3) | JP2009516372A (en) |
KR (2) | KR101629511B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101310396B (en) |
AT (1) | ATE555501T1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007058728A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US8248499B2 (en) | 2009-02-23 | 2012-08-21 | Gary Edwin Sutton | Curvilinear sensor system |
US8654215B2 (en) | 2009-02-23 | 2014-02-18 | Gary Edwin Sutton | Mobile communicator with curved sensor camera |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9496315B2 (en) | 2009-08-26 | 2016-11-15 | Universal Display Corporation | Top-gate bottom-contact organic transistor |
JP5824791B2 (en) * | 2010-08-16 | 2015-12-02 | ソニー株式会社 | DRIVE DEVICE, LENS MODULE, AND IMAGING DEVICE |
US9496522B2 (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2016-11-15 | Universal Display Corporation | OLED optically coupled to curved substrate |
US10749123B2 (en) | 2014-03-27 | 2020-08-18 | Universal Display Corporation | Impact resistant OLED devices |
US10910590B2 (en) | 2014-03-27 | 2021-02-02 | Universal Display Corporation | Hermetically sealed isolated OLED pixels |
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JP2009516372A (en) | 2009-04-16 |
EP1949471A2 (en) | 2008-07-30 |
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CN101310396B (en) | 2010-12-01 |
EP1949471B1 (en) | 2012-04-25 |
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CN101310396A (en) | 2008-11-19 |
US20070108890A1 (en) | 2007-05-17 |
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ATE555501T1 (en) | 2012-05-15 |
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US9041851B2 (en) | 2015-05-26 |
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