WO2004099844A1 - Electrowetting module - Google Patents
Electrowetting module Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004099844A1 WO2004099844A1 PCT/IB2004/050568 IB2004050568W WO2004099844A1 WO 2004099844 A1 WO2004099844 A1 WO 2004099844A1 IB 2004050568 W IB2004050568 W IB 2004050568W WO 2004099844 A1 WO2004099844 A1 WO 2004099844A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- module
- electrowetting
- group
- compound
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/12—Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses
- G02B3/14—Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses of variable focal length
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/004—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid
- G02B26/005—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid based on electrowetting
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/12—Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses
Definitions
- optical power of an optical electrowetting module is determined by the curvature of the meniscus and the difference between the refractive index of the first liquid and that the second liquid.
- Another aspect of the invention is that for an optical module the curvature of the meniscus can be decreased while maintaining the optical power. In this way the sensitivity for optical aberrations of the module can be reduced. Moreover the actuating voltage needed for a required change in the optical power can be reduced.
- a group of compounds has been traced, which provide fluid or liquids with refractive indices and/or densities which are larger than known fluids and thus are very suitable to be used as or to be included in at least one of the fluids of the electrowetting module of the invention.
- Preferred compounds are defined in claims 2 to 6.
- a module comprising such a compound may be configured as an optical component, the first and said second fluid body having different refractive indices.
- the compound added to one of the fluids has an refractive index difference increasing effect.
- the first fluid body may be electrically conducting and/or polar
- the second fluid body may be electrically non-conducting and the module may be provided with means for exerting an electric force to change the position and/or shape of the meniscus-shaped interface.
- Fig. 1 shows, in a cross-section through its optical axis, a known electrowetting lens in a non-activated state
- Fig.2 shows such a lens in an activated state
- Fig.3 shows a lens according to the invention in an activated state
- Fig.1 shows an electrowetting module constituting a variable focus lens.
- the element comprises a first cylindrical electrode 2 forming a capillary tube, sealed by means of a transparent front element 4 and a transparent rear element 6 to form a fluid chamber 8 containing two fluids.
- the electrode 2 may be a conducting coating applied on the inner walls of a tube.
- the two fluids consist of two non-miscible liquids in the form of an electrically insulating first liquid A, currently, for example a silicone oil or an alkene, and an electrically conducting second liquid B, currently, for example, water containing a salt solution.
- the first fluid A has a higher refractive index than the second fluid B.
- the first electrode 2 is a cylinder of inner radius typically between 1mm and 20mm.
- This electrode is formed of a metallic material and is coated by an insulating layer 10, formed for example of parylene.
- the insulating layer has a thickness of between 50 nm and 100 ⁇ m.
- the insulating layer is coated with a fluid contact layer 12, which reduces the hysteresis in the contact angle of the meniscus 14, i.e. the interface between the fluids A and B, with the cylindrical wall of the fluid chamber.
- the fluid contact layer is preferably formed from n amorphous fluorocarbon such as TeflonTM AF1600 produced by DuPontTM.
- the fluid contact layer 12 has a thickness between 5nm and 50 ⁇ m.
- the lens formed by the meniscus has a negative power in this configuration. Due to electrowetting, the wettability by the second fluid B varies under the application of a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode, which tends to change the contact angle.
- Fig.2 shows the lens configuration if such a voltage from a source 17 is supplied to the lens, i.e. if the lens is in the activated state. In this case the voltage is relatively high, for example between 150V and 250V. and the meniscus has now a convex shape.
- the maximum contact angle ⁇ between the meniscus and the fluid contact layer 12 is, for example of the order of 60°. Since the refractive index of fluid A is larger than fluid B, the meniscus lens 1 in this configuration has a positive power and it focuses an incident beam b in a focal spot 18 at a certain distance d from the lens.
- the optical power change of an electrowetting lens depends on the difference in refractive indices between the conducting and non-conductive liquids and on the change in curvature of the meniscus. Since the maximum change in curvature is determined by the size of the electrowetting cell, the change in optical power caused by change in curvature is limited for a given electrowetting lens. Moreover a strong curvature of the meniscus introduces optical aberrations in the beam passing the electrowetting lens and requires a high control voltage. A larger optical power change can be achieved by enlarging the difference in refractive index between the conductive liquid and the non-conductive liquid.
- the non-conductive liquids currently used in electrowetting lenses e.g.
- at least one compound, which has at least one aromatic, non-fused, residue, preferably at least one phenyl group is used as the nonconducting, or non-polar, liquid or solution A, or as a component in this liquid or solution. This measure increases the refractive index in the liquid A substantially, whilst the other requirements for the liquid, such as high transparency, non-miscibility with the other liquid or fluid B and a good electrowetting behavior still can be satisfied.
- This measure can be used to increase the range of power variations of a variable focus electrowetting lens having a given meniscus curvature or to reduce meniscus curvature of a variable focus lens having a given range of power variations. If used in an electrowetting zoom lens, the measure allows increasing the zoom factor. By not-increasing or decreasing the meniscus curvature the sensitivity for optical aberrations in the optical system of which the electrowetting lens forms is not increased or decreased, respectively. Moreover, the required actuation voltage to achieve a certain change in optical power is lower.
- Fig.3 shows an electrowetting lens 20, which has the same construction and configuration as the lens of Fig.2, but is provided with a non-conducting fluid A' that comprises the said compound having at least one aromatic non-fused residue, instead of the fluid A of fig.2.
- a control voltage that has the same level as the voltage supplied to the lens 1 of Fig. 2 is in the same and maintaining the level is that the focal spot 18' is situated at a distance d' from the lens, which is smaller than the distance d in Fig.2.
- the meniscus shape is independent of orientation and thus of gravity.
- the shape will be perfectly spherical and independent of orientation if the densities of the liquids are equal. This requirement can also be satisfied in the electrowetting lens according to the invention.
- the non-conductive liquid is a silicone oil, i.e. a siloxane, having phenyl groups.
- a silicone oil i.e. a siloxane, having phenyl groups.
- Such an oil remains long in the liquid state on addition/substitution with more phenyl groups.
- the present invention encompasses the use of phenylmethylsiloxane in at least one of the fluid bodies of an electrowetting element, to increase the difference in refractive index between both fluid bodies present in the fluid chamber.
- the or each bearing could for instance be an oil bearing, configured by providing the first and/or second body 33, 35 with an annular groove, in which upon rotation of the second body 35, pressure will build up, centering the second body 35 in the first body 33.
- the second body 35 is provided at its outer surface with coupling means in the form of four hydrophilic areas 44, said number corresponding to the number of volumes 37a-d.
- These areas 44 could for instance be made of or covered by a material having a wettability by the second fluid 37 that is higher than the wettability by the first fluid 36, which material could for instance be glass.
- the areas 44 are separated from each other in radial direction by areas 45, made of or covered by hydrophobic material, which could be a selection from any of the materials mentioned before.
- the hydrophilic areas 44 may be recessed to enhance the coupling force with the volumes.
- two or more of the volumes 37a-d could be interconnected via at least one suitable conduit 39 in second body 35, as illustrated in broken lines in Figs. 4 A and 4B.
- the areas of high and low wettability 44, 45 may be omitted, but can also be maintained, to increase the maximum force of the motor may exert.
- the volumes 37a-d would move towards the second electrodes II (featuring the higher wettability) up till the edge of the hydrophilic area 44. Subsequently, the second electrodes II due to wetting forces would be drawn to the volumes 37a-d, causing the first body 33 to rotate anti-clockwise. From this discussion it is also immediately clear that for the operation of the motor 30 it is irrelevant whether the electrodes 40 are positioned on the static body or the movable body. Therefore, although in practice the electrodes 40 will usually be placed on the static body to avoid wiring problems, the presented embodiment should in no way be seen as limiting.
- the motor described may suffer from flattening of one of the fluids due to the exerted centrifugal force of the motor, which will influence its performance. According to the invention this can be prevented by using one of the compounds described above, for example one of the compounds of table 1.
- This table gives also the densities of some compounds.
- the present compounds are preferably used as, or in, the non-conducting or non-polar liquid pr fluid. Because most of the compounds have a density larger than water, which is usually the conducting liquid), it will be obvious that said compounds should be mixed with a compound having lower density, to match with the density of water.
- an electrowetting lens as an example of an optical electrowetting module, the invention is not in any way limited to such a lens.
- the invention may be used in any optical electrowetting module, such as a variable- focus lens, a zoom lens, a diaphragm, a filter and a beam deflector.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/555,261 US7327524B2 (en) | 2003-05-06 | 2004-05-03 | Electrowetting module |
EP04730907A EP1623262B1 (en) | 2003-05-06 | 2004-05-03 | Electrowetting module |
AT04730907T ATE529775T1 (en) | 2003-05-06 | 2004-05-03 | ELECTROWETTING MODULES |
KR1020057020949A KR101101400B1 (en) | 2003-05-06 | 2004-05-03 | Electrowetting renz |
JP2006506935A JP5009610B2 (en) | 2003-05-06 | 2004-05-03 | Electrowetting module |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03076375 | 2003-05-06 | ||
EP03076375.9 | 2003-05-06 | ||
EP03102520.8 | 2003-08-13 | ||
EP03102520 | 2003-08-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004099844A1 true WO2004099844A1 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
Family
ID=33436117
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2004/050568 WO2004099844A1 (en) | 2003-05-06 | 2004-05-03 | Electrowetting module |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7327524B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1623262B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5009610B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101101400B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE529775T1 (en) |
TW (1) | TWI336786B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004099844A1 (en) |
Cited By (25)
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WO2006092804A2 (en) * | 2005-03-03 | 2006-09-08 | Visionix Ltd. | Variable lens phoropter |
WO2006123288A2 (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2006-11-23 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Electrowetting element, lens system, electronic device and driving method |
EP1816504A1 (en) * | 2006-02-01 | 2007-08-08 | Varioptic | Multi-phase liquid composition and variable-focus optical lens driven by electrowetting that incorporates the same |
WO2007097709A1 (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2007-08-30 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | Method for forming variable focus liquid lenses in a tubular housing |
WO2008110560A1 (en) * | 2007-03-13 | 2008-09-18 | Varioptic | Dielectric and hydrophobic coatings for electrowetting applications |
WO2009068774A2 (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2009-06-04 | France Telecom | Electromagnetic antenna reconfigurable by electrowetting |
US7813047B2 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2010-10-12 | Hand Held Products, Inc. | Apparatus and method comprising deformable lens element |
US8027096B2 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2011-09-27 | Hand Held Products, Inc. | Focus module and components with actuator polymer control |
US8027095B2 (en) | 2005-10-11 | 2011-09-27 | Hand Held Products, Inc. | Control systems for adaptive lens |
JP2012155347A (en) * | 2006-08-23 | 2012-08-16 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | System for variably refracting ultrasound and/or light |
US8526113B2 (en) | 2010-09-27 | 2013-09-03 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Liquid meniscus lens including gradient thickness dielectric coating |
US8634145B2 (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2014-01-21 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Liquid meniscus lens with concave torus-segment meniscus wall |
US8638502B2 (en) | 2010-09-29 | 2014-01-28 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Liquid meniscus lens with non-spherical meniscus wall |
US8638501B2 (en) | 2010-07-27 | 2014-01-28 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Liquid meniscus lens with convex torus-segment meniscus wall |
US8665526B2 (en) | 2010-05-14 | 2014-03-04 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Arcuate liquid meniscus lens |
US8687280B2 (en) | 2010-09-29 | 2014-04-01 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Liquid meniscus lens including meniscus wall with microchannels |
US8693104B2 (en) | 2010-08-24 | 2014-04-08 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Lens with compound linear-convex meniscus wall |
US8743467B2 (en) | 2010-06-29 | 2014-06-03 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Lens with conical frustum meniscus wall |
US8767309B2 (en) | 2010-09-08 | 2014-07-01 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Lens with multi-convex meniscus wall |
US8767308B2 (en) | 2010-08-23 | 2014-07-01 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc | Negative add liquid meniscus lens |
US8867141B2 (en) | 2011-03-18 | 2014-10-21 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Lens with multi-concave meniscus wall |
WO2015022027A1 (en) * | 2013-08-14 | 2015-02-19 | Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg | Fluidically controlled optical router |
US9182521B2 (en) | 2010-05-14 | 2015-11-10 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Liquid meniscus lens including variable voltage zones |
US10520753B2 (en) | 2010-09-27 | 2019-12-31 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Lens with multi-segmented linear meniscus wall |
US11506824B2 (en) | 2017-04-11 | 2022-11-22 | Lg Innotek Co., Ltd. | Circuit for controlling liquid lens |
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CN1754112A (en) * | 2003-02-25 | 2006-03-29 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | Objective lens for optical disk recording/reproducing device comprising variable lens formed by the interface of two immiscible fluids |
CN100422788C (en) * | 2004-01-30 | 2008-10-01 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | Variable focus lens package |
JP2008524777A (en) * | 2004-12-21 | 2008-07-10 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | Optical scanning device |
JP2006285031A (en) * | 2005-04-01 | 2006-10-19 | Sony Corp | Variable focus lens, optical apparatus using the same, manufacturing method of variable focus lens |
KR100790732B1 (en) * | 2006-02-15 | 2008-01-02 | 삼성전기주식회사 | Insulating Liquid For Liquid Lens Satisfying Reliability And Liquid Lens Using The Same |
US7554743B2 (en) * | 2006-05-30 | 2009-06-30 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Variable-focus lens assembly |
US20100286476A1 (en) * | 2009-05-05 | 2010-11-11 | Hongrui Jiang | Endoscope With Tunable-Focus Microlens |
KR101557802B1 (en) * | 2009-10-14 | 2015-10-06 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Display device using electrowetting |
TWI451127B (en) * | 2012-02-10 | 2014-09-01 | Au Optronics Corp | Electro-wetting display device |
US9389342B2 (en) | 2013-03-07 | 2016-07-12 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Variable focus lens system |
US10295819B1 (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2019-05-21 | Corning Incorporated | Naphtyl based high index hydrophobic liquids and transmission recovery agents for liquid lens formulations |
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WO2003069380A1 (en) * | 2002-02-14 | 2003-08-21 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Variable focus lens |
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2004
- 2004-05-03 EP EP04730907A patent/EP1623262B1/en active Active
- 2004-05-03 WO PCT/IB2004/050568 patent/WO2004099844A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-05-03 US US10/555,261 patent/US7327524B2/en active Active
- 2004-05-03 KR KR1020057020949A patent/KR101101400B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2004-05-03 JP JP2006506935A patent/JP5009610B2/en active Active
- 2004-05-03 AT AT04730907T patent/ATE529775T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-05-04 TW TW093112537A patent/TWI336786B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (40)
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WO2006092804A3 (en) * | 2005-03-03 | 2007-05-24 | Visionix Ltd | Variable lens phoropter |
WO2006092804A2 (en) * | 2005-03-03 | 2006-09-08 | Visionix Ltd. | Variable lens phoropter |
WO2006123288A2 (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2006-11-23 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Electrowetting element, lens system, electronic device and driving method |
WO2006123288A3 (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2007-03-08 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Electrowetting element, lens system, electronic device and driving method |
JP2008541184A (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2008-11-20 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | Electrowetting element, lens system, electronic apparatus, and driving method |
US7679833B2 (en) | 2005-05-20 | 2010-03-16 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Electrowetting element, lens system, electronic device and driving method |
US8027095B2 (en) | 2005-10-11 | 2011-09-27 | Hand Held Products, Inc. | Control systems for adaptive lens |
US7780874B2 (en) | 2006-02-01 | 2010-08-24 | Varioptic | Multi-phase liquid composition and optical electrowetting device that incorporates the same |
EP1816504A1 (en) * | 2006-02-01 | 2007-08-08 | Varioptic | Multi-phase liquid composition and variable-focus optical lens driven by electrowetting that incorporates the same |
WO2007088454A3 (en) * | 2006-02-01 | 2007-11-29 | Varioptic Sa | Multi-phase liquid composition and variable-focus optical lens driven by electrowetting that incorporates the same |
WO2007097709A1 (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2007-08-30 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | Method for forming variable focus liquid lenses in a tubular housing |
JP2012155347A (en) * | 2006-08-23 | 2012-08-16 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | System for variably refracting ultrasound and/or light |
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US7813047B2 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2010-10-12 | Hand Held Products, Inc. | Apparatus and method comprising deformable lens element |
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US9134464B2 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2015-09-15 | Hand Held Products, Inc. | Focus module and components with actuator |
US9207367B2 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2015-12-08 | Hand Held Products, Inc. | Apparatus and method comprising deformable lens element |
US8505822B2 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2013-08-13 | Hand Held Products, Inc. | Apparatus and method comprising deformable lens element |
US9739911B2 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2017-08-22 | Hand Held Products, Inc. | Focus module and components with actuator |
WO2008110560A1 (en) * | 2007-03-13 | 2008-09-18 | Varioptic | Dielectric and hydrophobic coatings for electrowetting applications |
US20100265143A1 (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2010-10-21 | France Telecom | Electromagnetic antenna reconfigurable by electrowetting |
US8373605B2 (en) | 2007-11-08 | 2013-02-12 | France Telecom | Electromagnetic antenna reconfigurable by electrowetting |
WO2009068774A3 (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2009-08-06 | France Telecom | Electromagnetic antenna reconfigurable by electrowetting |
WO2009068774A2 (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2009-06-04 | France Telecom | Electromagnetic antenna reconfigurable by electrowetting |
US8665526B2 (en) | 2010-05-14 | 2014-03-04 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Arcuate liquid meniscus lens |
US9182521B2 (en) | 2010-05-14 | 2015-11-10 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Liquid meniscus lens including variable voltage zones |
US8743467B2 (en) | 2010-06-29 | 2014-06-03 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Lens with conical frustum meniscus wall |
US8638501B2 (en) | 2010-07-27 | 2014-01-28 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Liquid meniscus lens with convex torus-segment meniscus wall |
US8634145B2 (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2014-01-21 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Liquid meniscus lens with concave torus-segment meniscus wall |
US8767308B2 (en) | 2010-08-23 | 2014-07-01 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc | Negative add liquid meniscus lens |
US8693104B2 (en) | 2010-08-24 | 2014-04-08 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Lens with compound linear-convex meniscus wall |
US8767309B2 (en) | 2010-09-08 | 2014-07-01 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Lens with multi-convex meniscus wall |
US8526113B2 (en) | 2010-09-27 | 2013-09-03 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Liquid meniscus lens including gradient thickness dielectric coating |
US10520753B2 (en) | 2010-09-27 | 2019-12-31 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Lens with multi-segmented linear meniscus wall |
US8687280B2 (en) | 2010-09-29 | 2014-04-01 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Liquid meniscus lens including meniscus wall with microchannels |
US8638502B2 (en) | 2010-09-29 | 2014-01-28 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Liquid meniscus lens with non-spherical meniscus wall |
US8867141B2 (en) | 2011-03-18 | 2014-10-21 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Lens with multi-concave meniscus wall |
WO2015022027A1 (en) * | 2013-08-14 | 2015-02-19 | Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg | Fluidically controlled optical router |
US11506824B2 (en) | 2017-04-11 | 2022-11-22 | Lg Innotek Co., Ltd. | Circuit for controlling liquid lens |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE529775T1 (en) | 2011-11-15 |
EP1623262B1 (en) | 2011-10-19 |
KR20060009295A (en) | 2006-01-31 |
JP2006525545A (en) | 2006-11-09 |
JP5009610B2 (en) | 2012-08-22 |
TWI336786B (en) | 2011-02-01 |
US20060215274A1 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
US7327524B2 (en) | 2008-02-05 |
TW200513676A (en) | 2005-04-16 |
EP1623262A1 (en) | 2006-02-08 |
KR101101400B1 (en) | 2012-01-02 |
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