WO1989002579A1 - Procede et systeme pour commander une pompe mecanique afin de controler et optimiser les performances du reservoir et des equipements - Google Patents

Procede et systeme pour commander une pompe mecanique afin de controler et optimiser les performances du reservoir et des equipements Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1989002579A1
WO1989002579A1 PCT/US1987/002244 US8702244W WO8902579A1 WO 1989002579 A1 WO1989002579 A1 WO 1989002579A1 US 8702244 W US8702244 W US 8702244W WO 8902579 A1 WO8902579 A1 WO 8902579A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flow
pump
fluid
rate
voltage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1987/002244
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Frank John Walker, Sr.
Frank John Walker, Jr.
Original Assignee
Walker Frank John Sr
Walker Frank John Jr
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Walker Frank John Sr, Walker Frank John Jr filed Critical Walker Frank John Sr
Priority to PCT/US1987/002244 priority Critical patent/WO1989002579A1/fr
Publication of WO1989002579A1 publication Critical patent/WO1989002579A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/008—Monitoring of down-hole pump systems, e.g. for the detection of "pumped-off" conditions
    • E21B47/009—Monitoring of walking-beam pump systems
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/10—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
    • E21B47/113—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements using electrical indications; using light radiations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/20—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow
    • G01F1/22—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow by variable-area meters, e.g. rotameters
    • G01F1/24—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow by variable-area meters, e.g. rotameters with magnetic or electric coupling to the indicating device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/20—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow
    • G01F1/22—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow by variable-area meters, e.g. rotameters
    • G01F1/26—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow by variable-area meters, e.g. rotameters of the valve type

Definitions

  • the well- bore is typically lined with one or more strings of heavy steel casing to prevent the hole from collapsing under pressure.
  • a section of casing is then cemented in place by pumping a high-strength cement slurry down its interior and circulating it back towards the surface through cementing ports to fill a portion of the annulus between the well-bore and the liner.
  • Various known methods including cementing packers and staged cementing, are frequently used to keep the cementing materials from contacting and infiltrating the most productive reservoirs.
  • the casing and cement also serve to shut-off the flow of unwanted water into the well from porous formations that lie above or below the productive zones of interest.
  • suction efficiency is near 100% for mechanical pumps operating at slow pumping speeds, and decreases as the pumping speed is increased.
  • suction efficiency continuously declines since there is progressively less hydrostatic pressure at the pump inlet . to drive liquid past the standing valve and into the pumping chamber. This decline typically is on the order of a few percentage points, and is essentially linear with time.
  • An embodiment of the present invention measures, computes and displays all important reservoir and equipment performance parameters, and automatically alerts the operator if the production potential of either well or pumping equipment falls below a minimum acceptable level of performance.
  • a manual override circuit is provided to bypass automatic operation of the well should the operator so desire.
  • the invention is provided with an automatic warning system that alerts the operator whenever 1) the volumetric efficiency of all downhole pumping equipment falls below a minimum acceptable value, 2) the fluid flow- sensing element of the control circuit ceases to operate properly, or is improperly sized for the particular installation, or 3) normal control-system power is interrupted. Provision is also made for the more rapid sequencing of each pump cycle so that prime mover operation is limited in duration and eventually terminated in situations where an adequate flow of liquids can not be properly established or maintained from the wellhead. This last feature restricts the operation of pumping equipment in situations that might otherwise cause damage to the downhole pump or stuffing box rubbers, or in situations where an excessive amount of power is being wasted by inefficient pumping.
  • cement 80 and casing 64 are both selectively perforated at multiple location 82 to provide permeable flow- channels through which desired fluids may enter the casing 64 from the reservoir 84. If necessary, the reservoir 84 may be stimulated by acid or hydraulic fracture 86 to enhance the rate of fluid entry into said casing 64.
  • a thin low friction thrust washer 132 is positioned around the shaft 138 immediately adjacent to the rear edge of the magnet, and this entire assembly is inserted through the housing bore-hole 117 and 115 to engage the clapper arm 160 which holds this member in position.
  • the baffle-plate 116 is installed at the bottom of the PCB chamber 144 using an O-Ring 134 and cap screws 110 to provide a secure barrier between both chambers.
  • the lower baffle-plate protrusion 118 extends into the interior of the hollow cylindrical magnet 124 to engage the end of its pivot shaft to limit the axial play of this assembly.
  • the completed PCB 106 with all electronic components is mounted on three small standoffs 114 with screws 104 that serve to position this assembly within the outer PCB chamber. Due to space limitations, all solid-state components with the exception of the linear Hall-effect sensor 112 and its adjacent temperature compensating zener diode 108 are mounted on the top surface of the PCB, away from the baffle-plate 116 and magnet 124.
  • One such Hall-effect sensor is made by Texas Instruments under product No. TL-173. This construction provides for easy access to several trim pots during calibration operations.
  • the angular position of shaft 138 is then adjusted by a negative rotation of approximately 12 degrees in order to obtain the desired phasing for a zero flow condition.
  • the clapper member is permanently attached to the pivot shaft by a set screw 162 and adhesive material introduced into the clearance between shaft and clapper boss. After such bonding, the housing access port 170 and shaft bore-hole 115 are then plugged with removable caps 164 and 168, respectively, using either thread compound, O-Rings or gaskets as desired.
  • a manual DPDT switch 234 is connected to the emitter of transistor 230.
  • a "second-pass" NPN power transistor 214 is controlled by an voltage sensing op- amp 250 with feedback loop and voltage regulating zener diode 240 to provide for a highly regulated "B+" output voltage of approximately 15.0 vdc.
  • the emergency "V e " power supply 210 of the DPCU 2 regulates the automatic shutdown of all critical system components whenever total interruption of normal operating power is warranted.
  • the clapper motion detector 330 ( Figure 8B) limits the operation of both downhole and surface mounted pumping equipment should the fluid sensor 48 cease to function properly during any production period, as hereinafter described.
  • a fixed-resistance voltage dividing network 332 applies an input control signal of approximately 99% of Vb to the positive input of a voltage sensing op-amp 334 that has a time-averaged reference voltage signal applied to its negative input from the buffered output "V22" of a "short-term” pumping rate integrator 502.
  • An RC circuit 331 with decaying time-constant of approximately 20 seconds is quickly charged by the output of op-amp 334.
  • a second voltage comparing op-amp 333 has output of RC circuit 331 applied directly to its negative input pin.
  • the initial Prime Period could require many hours to complete; under these circumstances such priming is best accomplished by placing the controller 2 in its "manual" mode of operation by means of switch 234 so that the four-cycle shutdown circuit 500 will not automatically limit pump operation to four successive Prime Intervals of 16 minutes each. After completion of this initial Priming Period, the controller should then be placed in its "automatic" " control mode to provide for the continued automatic regulation of the prime mover relay 445.
  • the "pump-off" detector 380 includes an input signal buffer 383 that serves to impart a high reverse current sink impedance to the processed flow-rate signal, as viewed from the input nodes of the two analog integrators 402 and 502 discussed below.
  • a primary analog signal integrator 502 delivers a buffered output voltage "V22" that is linearly related to the average "short-term” pumping rate of all- downhole equipment.
  • a secondary analog signal integrator 402 delivers a buffered output voltage "V100” that is linearly related to the long-term “baseline” pumping rate of all downhole equipment.
  • a pumping-rate signal comparator 391 delivers a "high" output voltage signal whenever the average short-term pumping rate exceeds approximately 98% of the baseline pumping rate.
  • this input buffer By constructing this input buffer as a voltage follower, its instantaneous output voltage "Vbo" will be equal to the input flow- rate signal at all times, and yet reverse-current will be blocked.
  • This buffered voltage is applied directly to the input side of both the primary and secondary pumping-rate signal integrators 402 and 502.
  • the total amount of time required for the motor controller to respond to fluid "pump-off” may be computed as the summation of an initial "Pump-Off" detection time interval (T ⁇ -TQ) and a final verification time interval (T2- ) . Since the verification time interval always remains fixed by circuit design at approximately 30 seconds, the detection times for the two illustrated examples of Figures 10 and 11 must be 4 seconds and 30 seconds respectively.
  • the basic relationship that controls circuit response immediately following fluid "pump- off" is:
  • the length of time that transpires between initial switching at time “T]_” and final switching at time “T2” can- be .shown to decrease as the controlling value of "Qp/Qp” increases. Should this time interval be less than the required 30 second Verification Period, then the integrated control signal 371 will reverse its course of direction before the Verification Period can be terminated, thereby preventing the incorrect shutdown of the prime mover.
  • the limiting value of "Qp/Qp" for proper control system response is therefore determined by switching times "T_” and " 2" that differ by the exact duration of the Verification Period. This value, as previously reported, has been computed to be 0.956 using the iterative methods and time-constants 'set forth above.
  • Binary ripple counter 476 (Figure 8C) , interconnected with one pole of rotary switch 294, serves to reduce the VCO output frequency by a constant division of either 4096, 2048, 1024, or 512 in order to properly compensate for the installed orifice size A through D of fluid sensor 48.
  • a second division circuit 478 controlled by DPDT switch 488 divides the fluid volume frequency signal by a constant factor of
  • counter 494 is reset to "0" at the start of each 24 hour counting period by the output of delayed-pulse generator 506, which is similar in construction to previously described delayed-pulse generator 290.
  • This second pulse generator 506 receives its triggering input pulse from NOR gate 504, which also latches counter 494.
  • Pulse generator 506 serves to delay the reset of counter 494 by a few milliseconds whenever NOR gate 504 issues its sequencing output pulse, in order that counter 494 might first latch its existing pulse count in memory before resetting to start a new fluid entry rate measurement.
  • BCD counter 542 integrates the resulting instantaneous digital frequency over its 120 second counting period to arrive at a true average value of the normalized "Vb" flow-rate signal upon which the measure of downhole pump efficiency is based.
  • both input voltages "V429” and "V471" of voltage comparator 473 will be exactly equal to each other at the conclusion of each two-minute pump efficiency measuring period whenever the established pumping rate "Qp" is exactly 25% of the programmed pump displacement. Any pump efficiency greater than 25% will result in "V429” being greater than "V471”, and any efficiency less than 25% will result in "V429” being less than "V471", at the conclusion of the two- minute pulse counting period.
  • the four-cycle shutdown 500 ( Figure 8B) of the DPCU 2 is provided to terminate the automatic operation of all downhole and surface mounted pumping equipment whenever the measured performance of either the fluid sensor or downhole pump is determined to be unacceptable during each of four consecutive operating cycles.
  • a pulse-shaping AND gate 567 has both of its inputs connected to the prime control buss 435, and its output connected to the input clock register of decade counter 569.
  • the reset of this counter is connected to a signal blocking AND gate 571 that has one input connected to the inverted output of the clapper motion detector 330, and the other input connected to the non- inverted output of the low pump efficiency evaluator 470 ( Figure 8D) .

Abstract

Procédé et appareil pour optimiser le rendement global de la production de n'importe quel puits de pompage sur la base de mesures précises du débit moyen dans le temps avec lequel sort le fluide de la tête de puits. L'appareil perfectionné comprend des détecteurs électroniques totalement étanches à compensation thermique qui mesurent avec précision la vitesse instantanée d'un flux pulsé et d'un flux en régime permanent, ainsi que des dispositifs permettant de traiter les informations relatives aux débits mesurés en vue de déterminer les performances des équipements du fond du trou et des réservoirs de fluides. L'appareil s'étalonne automatiquement sur n'importe quel puits, et compense automatiquement les variations normales des performances des équipements du fond de trou et des réservoirs, qui limitent généralement le fonctionnement des dispositifs classiques de commande du puits. L'appareil se monte aisément au niveau du sol sans modifications importantes des équipements existants de tête de puits, et s'adapte facilement pour commander efficacement des équipements de pompage mis en oeuvre avec n'importe quel autre type de réservoir de fluide.
PCT/US1987/002244 1987-09-09 1987-09-09 Procede et systeme pour commander une pompe mecanique afin de controler et optimiser les performances du reservoir et des equipements WO1989002579A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1987/002244 WO1989002579A1 (fr) 1987-09-09 1987-09-09 Procede et systeme pour commander une pompe mecanique afin de controler et optimiser les performances du reservoir et des equipements

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1987/002244 WO1989002579A1 (fr) 1987-09-09 1987-09-09 Procede et systeme pour commander une pompe mecanique afin de controler et optimiser les performances du reservoir et des equipements

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1989002579A1 true WO1989002579A1 (fr) 1989-03-23

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PCT/US1987/002244 WO1989002579A1 (fr) 1987-09-09 1987-09-09 Procede et systeme pour commander une pompe mecanique afin de controler et optimiser les performances du reservoir et des equipements

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EA026205B1 (ru) * 2013-09-03 2017-03-31 Тоо "Алстронтелеком" Способ вывода на эффективный режим работы скважины, оборудованной глубинным насосом, по записи индикаторной кривой
WO2019060227A1 (fr) * 2017-09-22 2019-03-28 General Electric Company Système et procédé pour déterminer la production d'une pluralité de puits
CN113515828A (zh) * 2021-05-06 2021-10-19 北京百度网讯科技有限公司 能源补偿的方法、装置、设备以及存储介质

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR690387A (fr) * 1929-10-12 1930-09-19 Appareil automatique de signalisation du mouvement ou de l'arrêt des gaz ou liquides dans les conduites
US2674880A (en) * 1952-04-25 1954-04-13 Shell Dev Variable area flowmeter
WO1983000220A1 (fr) * 1981-07-09 1983-01-20 American Flow Systems Inc Controleur et detecteur d'ecoulement
EP0213838A1 (fr) * 1985-08-14 1987-03-11 Ronald Northedge Appareils de mesure de débit

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR690387A (fr) * 1929-10-12 1930-09-19 Appareil automatique de signalisation du mouvement ou de l'arrêt des gaz ou liquides dans les conduites
US2674880A (en) * 1952-04-25 1954-04-13 Shell Dev Variable area flowmeter
WO1983000220A1 (fr) * 1981-07-09 1983-01-20 American Flow Systems Inc Controleur et detecteur d'ecoulement
EP0213838A1 (fr) * 1985-08-14 1987-03-11 Ronald Northedge Appareils de mesure de débit

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EA026205B1 (ru) * 2013-09-03 2017-03-31 Тоо "Алстронтелеком" Способ вывода на эффективный режим работы скважины, оборудованной глубинным насосом, по записи индикаторной кривой
WO2019060227A1 (fr) * 2017-09-22 2019-03-28 General Electric Company Système et procédé pour déterminer la production d'une pluralité de puits
CN113515828A (zh) * 2021-05-06 2021-10-19 北京百度网讯科技有限公司 能源补偿的方法、装置、设备以及存储介质
CN113515828B (zh) * 2021-05-06 2023-09-29 北京百度网讯科技有限公司 能源补偿的方法、装置、设备以及存储介质

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