US928673A - Centrifugal apparatus for separating solid matters from air. - Google Patents

Description

A. LEBRASSEUR. GEHTBE'UGAL PI ,'US FOB SBPABATING SOLID MTTEBS PROM AIB. AWLIUATION FILED JULY 2o, 190s.

928,673. 'Iatented- July 2o, 1909.

. an axial direction from the center.

UNITED STATES .iranrorricn ANDRE LEBRASSEUR, PARIS, FRANCE, ASSIGNOR TO SVTURTEVANT ENGINEERING COMPANY, LIMITED, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, A CORPORATION OF GREAT BRITAIN.

CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS Foa sEPABA'riNG sonnol MATTERS Faoin am.

Specification of Letters Patent. A

Patented July 20, 1909.

To `all 'whom it may concern:

0 De 1t known that I, Annina LiiBnAssnUn, a citizen oi' the Republic of France, residing at Paris, France, have invented certain 'air and other gaseous fiuids by centrifugal action. In apparatusof this kind the centrifugal-force by which'the separation is enect-E ed varies directly vas the square of the speed, and inversely as the radius or' curvature of vthe -path described bythe revolving matters. In order to'be effective therefore it is advisable to keep they speed high and the radius of curvaturesmall. vIt is a common practice in cyclone separators to admit the air at the peripheryof the apparatus more or less tangentially and to allow it to escape in A Such constructions in the absence of special arrangements are objectionable in that interference takes place between the revolving air and the incoming air, and moreover a high counter pressure is produced, wliich causes an excessive loss of energy, the counter pressure in some plants of ordinary construction rising to as much as -or to 60% of the total pressure necessary to work the ap' p'aratus. I.

A known method or" avoiding the interference above referred to is that of intro-v ducing the stream of air into the apparatus through an iiiclosed channel, so that the rotating air cannot block the inlet opening. Moreover, to avoid the heavy losses from counter pressurethe speed is sometimes reduced by providing a relatively large inlet, but by so doing the advantages of high speed are sacriced. A further known construction in apparatus of this kind fonthe purpose of reducing counter pressure isthat in which the rotating body of air is given an annular form, a central' outlet ipipe being provided, extendinginto the separator and fitted at its base'with deiiectingblades for directing the air into the outlet pipestopping the spin or rot'atioii'offthe said pipe. `This constructioirwvhilebeing efective in use presents diiii'culti'es'afii'iv ingannfacture besides which it is expensive to make.

The presenti'invention has for its object to provide a separator of simple construction,

and cheap to make, and joiie thatis veryeffective in reducing counter "pressure without sacriiicing the advantages of y high speed. In my improved separator the 'air passed through an inclosed helical spiralclianne of continuously,increasing cross sectional area whereby the speed is4 gradually reduced either while the separation is taking place or after the separation has been effected. In some cases a.f.narrowcliannel`of uniform cross sectional area and of small radius is provided'at the entrance tothe helical spiral channel aforesaid, and in such casesthe separation is mainly effected in this introductory channel.4 The counter pressure is reduced .by the lessening. of the spin inthe helical channel, and at the same time the known advantage of. non-*interference between the .incoming air and the revolving air is secured. Moreover the spiral channel by reducing the spin trans-forms a portion of the aerodynamic energy due to motion iiito static pressure.

- In the accompanying drawing I have shown my improved separator with an 1ntroductory channel.

Figure l is a view of the separator, the outer casing being shown iii central section, and Fig. 2 is a sectional plan on the line X, X, Figal. i

A is the outerywall or casing of the separator, B is the inlet pipe, the central outlet pipe, and D is a disk diffuser which directs the -issuing air radially outward.

from F to Gr in Fig. Q of uniform cross sectioiiaiid'uniforni radius. Said channel then merges into a helical spiral channel ordifp thrown from the body of theair against the* cross' sectional area of thefuser H ofincreasing Icross sectional area extending around the central outlet pipe C -and terminating at ,the lower end ofsaid outlet pipe. Said diffuser channel is formed by helical spiral partitions arranged between the outer wall A and the central outletpipe- C. The increasing cross section of the spiral channel H in the construction shown is obtained partly lby sloping the outer wall A outwardly, partly by mcreasmg the .depth of thediiuser channel, andpartly by contracting the lower part of the central pipe C. It 1s not necessary of course to use all these ways combined to progressiiy increase the user channel.

In my Improved separator the air enters at a high speed .through the inlet channel E which' has a' small'radius and is. comparatively narrow measured from the outer wall to the inner Wall, and herein the separation 1s mamlyi eifected, the solid matters being louter wall of the separator.- ."This. part; of

the channel may be long orfshort as maybe found desirable for-any particular class of work, and may even be omitted altogether in which case the diifuser channel itself performs the separation. On leaving the chanlnel E the air enters the diffuser channel .H'

Where its speed drops progressivelyv until it 'emer es in the open part o low e level of thelnouth` o f the outlet pipe C. Said pipe as showiihas a larger d1am' eter attlthe flop than at thlllottom :had consuenyteairrismg" ouh-ei sill further loses its speed bo P pe rotational, the former .in inverse-proportion 'to the increase of the area of the pipe and the-latter in inverse proportionto the increase of the diameter of the pipe. Finally passes out betweenthe flat to of the separator and the disk diffuser The separated matters pass down the spiral channel H and into the hopper K at. the bottom of vthe apparatus.A

Important advantages possessed by my improved apparatus are a narrow stream ofair to be crossedby the heavyparticles projected outwardly by centrifugal action, andthe direction ofthe heavy. particles to" ward the lower part of the/apparatus by the inclined casing. The counter pressure. is .Ifeduced owing to the reduction of the spin in the diffuserv channel, and at the same time the known advantage of non-interference be# tween the incoming'air and the revolving air is secured. .Moreover the by reducing the speed of the air transforms the greater part of the aerodynamic energy due to motion into static pressure. -A

I am aware that it is known to employ' a cover over the outlet in apparatus of this Alrincit'lii'd alsoto employ 'an outlet pipe of axial and' iral diffuserincreasing diameter, and I do not claim'such per se or, apart from my improvements.

What I claimiisz- 1. In a centrifugal apparatus for separating solid matters from air, ,thel combination, with a chamber having a conical outer wall andl a central exit pipe, of a pair of spiral vanes arranged between said conical wall and said exit pipe and forming a heliing cross-sectional area bounded laterally by said conical wall and exit pipe, and vertically by said vanes, and an inlet pipe openchannel.

2. In a centrifugal apparatus for separating solid matters from air, the combination, with a chamber having a conical outer Wall and a central exit pipe, of spiral vanes arranged between said conical wall and said exit pipe an forming a helical spiral channel Aofprogressively increasing cross sectional area bounded laterally by said conical wall and exit pipe, andyertically by said vanes, and an et'pipe of uniform cross sectional area opening tangentiallyjinto said helical spiral channel. Y 3. In a centrifugal apparatus. for separating solid matters from air, the combination, with a chamber havin a conical outer wall and a cone'shaped. `exit pipe the taper of which is in the reverse direction to that of the conical outer wall, of spiral vanes arranged between saidconical wall-and said exitpipe and forming a helical spiral channel of progressively increasing 4cross sectionalarea bounded laterally by said conical wall and `exit pipe, and vertically by said into saidhelical s iral channel.

4. In a centri gal apparatus for separatingsolid matters from air, the combination, with achamber having a conical outer wall anda cone shaped exitpipe the taper of the conical outer wall,-of spiral vanes arranged between said conical wall and said exit pipe and forming a helical spiral channel of. progressively increasing cross sectionalarea bounded laterally by said conical wall and` exit pipe, and vertically by said vanes, and an inlet pipe of uniform cross channel.

5. In a'centrifugal 'apparatus for separating' solid matters from air, the combination, with a chamber having a conical outer wall and a cone shaped exit pipe the ta er arranged between said conical wall and said exit pipe`and forming a helical spiral chaning tangentially into said helical spiral of-which is in the .reverse direction to that of which is in the reverse direction to t at of the conical outer wall, of spiral vanes4 cal spiral channel of progressively increasvanes, and an inlet pipe opening tangentially 4` sectional area part .of which is straight and. part curved opening into said helical'spiral' nel of progressively increasing -cross lsectioiialarea bounded. laterally by said conical -helical spiral hannel,v and a disk diiuser arranged overhe top o the outlet endof I In testimony whereof I have hereunto` set I wall -andV exit pipe, and vertically by said my hand in presence of two subscribing witv"\7a1'1e sa'nd an ,inlet pipe of uniform cross nesses.

sctim'al afeeopening ngentially into said ANDRE LEBRASSEUR.

Witnesses f H. C. COXE,

theexit pipa GEO.' A. FLOWER.

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