US3051453A - Mixing apparatus - Google Patents

Mixing apparatus Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3051453A
US3051453A US821917A US82191759A US3051453A US 3051453 A US3051453 A US 3051453A US 821917 A US821917 A US 821917A US 82191759 A US82191759 A US 82191759A US 3051453 A US3051453 A US 3051453A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
branch
branches
mixing
stream
sub
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US821917A
Inventor
Sluijters Robert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Akzona Inc
Original Assignee
American Enka Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by American Enka Corp filed Critical American Enka Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3051453A publication Critical patent/US3051453A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D1/00Treatment of filament-forming or like material
    • D01D1/06Feeding liquid to the spinning head
    • D01D1/065Addition and mixing of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt; Homogenising
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40Static mixers
    • B01F25/42Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/432Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction with means for dividing the material flow into separate sub-flows and for repositioning and recombining these sub-flows; Cross-mixing, e.g. conducting the outer layer of the material nearer to the axis of the tube or vice-versa
    • B01F25/4321Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction with means for dividing the material flow into separate sub-flows and for repositioning and recombining these sub-flows; Cross-mixing, e.g. conducting the outer layer of the material nearer to the axis of the tube or vice-versa the subflows consisting of at least two flat layers which are recombined, e.g. using means having restriction or expansion zones
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/695Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates
    • B29C48/70Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows
    • B29C48/705Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows in the die zone, e.g. to create flow homogeneity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/695Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates
    • B29C48/70Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows
    • B29C48/71Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows for layer multiplication
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S425/00Plastic article or earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus
    • Y10S425/049Spinnerette mixer

Definitions

  • MIXING APPARATUS Filed June 22, 1959 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 IN V EN TOR.
  • the present invention relates generally to the mixing of flowing streams of gaseous, liquid and/or granular media through the use of stationary bafiles or pipe re strictors providing a tortuous flow path and more particularly to an improved apparatus for displacing portions or particles from a stream of previously combined materials relative one to the other in a specific manner in order to expedite thorough and homogenous intermixing of the combined materials.
  • the aforesaid copening application discloses a mixing process and apparatus designed specifically to obviate difficulties encountered with commercially available mixers.
  • the system described therein divides a flowing stream into a plurality of partial streams and shifts one partial stream relative to others, as is known in this art, but also deforms or alters the cross-sectional shape of the partial stream to such an extent that the same overlaps or is caused to contribute to a plurality of partial streams on passage through the next subsequent mixing stage.
  • the division and intermingling of partial streams of course may be continued as long as deemed necessary or desirable.
  • the system of mixing described above provides many advantages over known mixers. For example, it is possible, when mixing viscous substances, to predict exactly the mixing action and the result to be obtained, this result depending only on the construction of the mixing unit. Thus, it is possible to obtain a mixing action of any desired degree of uniformity. Moreover, only a fraction of the energy required of known mixers is utilized with the disclosed apparatus.
  • a primary object of this invention is to provide a mixing apparatus not having the disadvantages enumerated above.
  • An additional object of the present invention is to provide a mixing apparatus having the advantages enumerated above but which does not require a complicated system for introducing streams of substances thereto.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide a unitary or sectionalized bafile system which can be placed into the supply line of flowing materials in order to insure thorough and uniform homogenization thereof.
  • baflle system which divides a main stream containing substances to be blended into a number of branches or partial streams much in the manner of a family tree, displacing one partial stream with respect to adjacent partial streams while changing the cross-sectional shape thereof, and combining the partial streams in groups corresponding to the original dividing factor.
  • Corresponding branches of the family tree arrangement, so to speak, are maintained at an equal distance from the main body thereof, and portions of one branch are combined with corresponding portions from other branches, as will appear more fully hereinafter.
  • the present invention is similar to that described in the aforesaid copending application in that the main stream is divided into several smaller streams, but this division now occurs stepwise, or progressively, rather than simultaneously. If, for example, the main stream is first divided into two branches, or partial streams, the next subsequent division will produce four new branches, two each from the original branches, and the next step of course would result in eight branches, and so forth. This system may be continued at will and any other dividing factor obviously could be used.
  • the branches so produced are spaced dilferent distances one from the other.
  • the distance between two branches taken in conjunction with the family tree, as used herein, is the geometrical length of a communicating line between the points at which said branches are formed, and measured along stream lines. It may be imagined, therefore, that the length is measured by going upstream from one of the dividing points to a point from which another dividing point can be reached upon following of another branch stream.
  • the divisions or branches having only the original main stream as their common tree ultimately ultimately are located .the greatest distance from one another.
  • FIGURE 1 is a plan view of a component part of the mixer apparatus, if constructed in the most simple manner;
  • FIGURE 2 is a perspective view of the sheet metal part shown in FIGURE 1, but illustrating the bends necessary for assembly with other parts to produce a mixing stage;
  • FIGURE 3 is a perspective view of two pre-formed 'sheet metal parts such "as shown in FIGURE 2 in assembled condition to provide one mixing stage;
  • FIGURE 4 is a perspective view of a mixer apparatus constructed in accordance with this invention and assembled within a tubular supply conduit having a square cross-section, but showing only the lower wall and one side wall thereof, and omitting one group of tabs appearing in FIGURES 1, 2 and 3;
  • FIGURE 5 is a perspective view of an alternative sheet 'metal part that is used in constructing the apparatus appearing in FIGURE 4, there being required two of these sheet metal parts for each mixing stage;
  • FIGURE '6 is a cross-sectional view of a material to be mixed or blended by the apparatus of FIGURE 4, "illustrating by way of example a portion of black pigment disposed as a layer in a larger portion of white vijscous material;
  • FIGURE 7 is a cross-sectional view, taken along the line 77 of FIGURE 4, and indicating the disposition "of material after passage into the first mixing stage;
  • FIGURE 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 8-8 of FIGURE 4, and illustrating the disposition of material when emerging from the first mixing stage;
  • FIGURE 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 99 of FIGURE 4, and illustrating entrance of the material into the next or second mixing stage;
  • FIGURE 10 is 'a schematic flow sheet illustrating the manner in which the main stream is divided, combined
  • FIGURE lliis a schematic diagram illustrating an alternative flow systern which could be accomplished upon slight modification of the apparatus shown in FIGURE 4.
  • the proposed mixing apparatus should be constructed in such a way that the guide elements receiving the main stream "from the supply conduit should first divide the same into a system of smaller streams which in themselves split up in the manner of a family tree, after which the most finely divided streams then join in groups corresponding to the initial division or dividing factor.
  • the pattern of guide elements-forming these divisions should repeat one or'r nore times in the same geometric 'or symmetric order until the discharge end of the apparatus is reached.
  • FIGURE 4 Only one vertical wall 10 and the bottom 11 of such a conduit appears in FIGURE 4, although portions 10', 11' of a complementary wall and top, respectively, have been shown in order to clarify passage of fluid through the apparatus.
  • the walls, top and bottom intersect with and block off unused areas defined by the baffles, as illustrated.
  • the mixing apparatus indicated generally at 12 in FIGURE 4 is snugly fitted within the tubular housing and serves to deflect, divide, and combine flowing streams in the manner shown by arrows, to be discussed more 'etc., as will be evident upon comparison of FIGURES 6 and 8.
  • the bafile pieces, or guide elements which may be identical except that successive mixing stages are reversed in a manner to be described, can conveniently be formed from a flat sheet or metal plate 13 suitably notched at 14, .15, as shown in FIGURE 1.
  • the notch 15 should have a length greater than notch 14.
  • the remaining tabs 18, 20, which are produced by notch 14, provide divider surfaces not appearing on the mixing apparatus shown in FIGURE 4, but which may be used as a leading edge to facilitate division into branch streams.
  • Such additional dividers generally are necessary only when the flow through the mixer shown is turbulent in nature, and are not usually required for laminar flow. These tabs were omitted from FIGURE 4 so that the passage of branch streams therethrough can be more easily understood.
  • the remaining fiat portion 21 of the metal plate 16 forms a flat inner wall surface extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the mixing apparatus and supply conduit. This surface, therefore, forms one of the inner walls which are coextensive with a transition area in one mixing stage.
  • the metal plate 13 of FIGURE 1 should be bent or otherwise formed into the shape appearing in FIGURE 2, after which the same may be combined with a complementing plate to form a single mixing stage such as appears in FIGURE 3, wherein the incoming stream (traveling from the left of this figure to the right) is divided, transposed, altered in cross-sectional shape, and permitted to combine.
  • the metal plate 13A shown in FIGURE 5 is provided only with the deflector surfaces 16A, 17A, and inner wall surface 21A, for reasons given above.
  • These plates may be formed by injection molding, if desired, or they may be stamped from a continuous sheet. 7 Moreover, they may be secured one to the other, and to the supply conduit if necessary, by welding, soldering, or in any other convenient manner. In some instances, it may be necessary only to force these elements together and into the conduit.
  • the tabs shown may be bent in either direction. In other words, the initial division of material may shift one section up and the adjacent section It should be pointed out, however, that the tabs of the two metal parts making up one mixing stage must be bent reversely from those on the adjacentmixing stages. Two of the parts shown in FIG- above to form one mixing stage.
  • URE 5 may be placed together in the manner indicated The two parts forming the next succeeding stage, however, must have tabs bent in the opposite direction, as will appear upon inspec tion of FIGURE 4. 1
  • FIGURE 4 Operation of the apparatus shown in FIGURE 4 can best be understood by reference also to FIGURES 6-9, inclusive, and the flow sheet shown in FIGURE 10.
  • a flowing stream of material 22 (indicated only by arrows in this figure), which has previously been injected with a pigment, for example, 23 is introduced into the mixer 12 from the upper left of FIGURE 4 and flows therethrough to emerge at the lower right of this figure.
  • This main stream of combined materials is illustrated by line 24 in FIGURE 10.
  • the leading edge of the first flat surface 2118 (which happens to extend vertically, as indicated by dotted lines in FIGURE 6) divides the stream into first and second main branches, indicated at 25 and 26 in FIGURE 10. The same division of course would occur had divider tabs 18, 20 been utilized.
  • a first main branch engages defiector plate 17A and is shifted upwardly while the crosssectional shape thereof is simultaneously changed from rectangular (see FIGURE 6, the material on the left side of the dotted line) to square (see FIGURE 7, the material in the upper left corner). Since the area is reduced, the velocity of course is increased. The same occurs to second main branch 26, but it is shifted vertically downwardly by the deflector plate 16A appearing only in dotted lines in FIGURE 4.
  • each branch is widened and returned to its original shape, but with the longitudinal axis extending horizontally rather than vertically as when it entered the mixing stage.
  • Everything above the horizontal dotted line in FIGURE 8 represents the branch 25, while everything therebelow represents branch 26.
  • branch 25 upon passage into the next mixing stage one part of branch 25 will be channeled with one part of branch 26, the next dividing edge being represented by the vertical dotted line in FIGURE 8.
  • first main branch 25 is divided into first and second subbranches 27, 28, respectively, (see FIGURE 10) and second main branch 26 is divided into third and fourth sub-branches 30, 31, respectively.
  • These sub-branches are shifted, altered in cross-section to appear as in FIG- URE 9, and then flattened again to the FIGURE 8 configuration, but with four layers of pigment 23 (not shown).
  • the main concept here as explained in said copending application Serial No. 774,305, is to divide and combine portions until the layers 22, 23 become infinitely small to insure thorough mixing.
  • first main branch 25 upon discharge of the sub-branches 27, 28, 30 and 31 from the trailing edge of the second Wall plate 21A, one sub-branch from first main branch 25 will be combined with a sub-branch from second main branch 26.
  • main branch 26 is now formed from sub-branches 28, 31, see FIGURE 10.
  • modified main branches 25A, 26A will be introduced into the next mixing stage of the apparatus shown.
  • One mixing stage may be defined as the bafile structure included between the leading edge of the first (vertical) wall surface 21A to the trailing edge of the second horizontal wall surface 21A.
  • modified first main branch 25A is divided into first and second modified sub-branches 3'2, 33, respectively, and modified second main branch 26A is divided into third and fourth modified sub-branches 34, 35, respectively.
  • FIGURE 11 With attention now directed to FIGURE 11, a slightly different system of dividing and combining will be explained. It will be understood that baffles should be added to the apparatus of FIGURE 4 to prevent combining of sub-branches until the same have been individually divided into the smallest portions desired. The same effect may be obtained, of course, by providing small conduits within the mixer and, for purposes of this discussion, the lines shown in FIGURE 11 may represent such conduits. The same would not be spread out as shown, however, but should be confined to the space required of the illustrated apparatus.
  • a main stream 44 of viscose, for example, having a layer of pigment, for example, is introduced into the mixer.
  • the present invention obviously is not limited to such a combination of materials, but has been found to blend the same very thoroughly and efficiently.
  • the main stream 44 is divided into first and second main branches 45, 46, respectively, by the first stage of the mixing apparatus.
  • the first main branch 45 is sub-divided into first and second sub-branches 47, 48, while the second main branch 46 is sub-divided into third and fourth sub-branches 50, 51.
  • the alternative system differs from the first embodiment described hereinabove. Instead of combining alternate or preselected ones of these sub-branches, the same are again sub-divided into respective pairs of the eight ramifications 52, 5'3, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, and 60, as shown. If further division is deemed unnecessary for thorough mixing, the ramifications are then united in pre-selected pairs to form the four modified subbranches 61, 62, 63 and 64. These modified sub-branches are next combined in alternate pairs to form modified first and second main branches 65, 66, respectively. These modified main branches are finally united to form a modified or thoroughly mixed main stream 67.
  • a mixing apparatus comprising a conduit of uniform cross section for supplying a main stream of material to be blended, means within said conduit for dividing said main stream into first and second branch streams, means Within said conduit for simultaneously sub-dividing said first branch stream into first and second sub-branch streams and said second branch stream into third and fourth sub branch streams, means within said conduit for directly combining said first sub-branch stream with said third sub-branch stream and said second sub-branch stream with said fourth sub-branch stream, thereby producing modified first and second branch streams, and means for directly combining said first and second modified branch streams into a modified main stream.
  • a mixer apparatus for insertion into a tubular supply conduit having parallel top and bottom walls and parallel first and second side walls extending normally between said top and bottom walls including at least one mixing stage comprising a first divider plate extending normally between said top and bottom walls intermediate said first and second side walls, said first divider plate having leading and trailing edges, a first deflector plate bridging the space between said first divider plate and said first side wall and extending from a point flush with said bottom wall in substantial alignment with the leading edge of said first divider plate to a point intermediate said top and bottom walls in substantial alignment with the trailing edge of said first divider plate, 'a second deflector plate bridging the space between said first divider plate and said second side wall and extending from a point flush with said top wall in substantial alignment with the leading edge of said first divider plate to a point intermediate said top and bottom walls in substantial alignment with the trailing edge of said first divider plate, a second divider plate extending normally between said first and second side walls intermediate said top and bottom walls, said second divider plate also
  • a third deflector plate bridging the space between said second divider plate and said top wall and extending from a point intermediate said side walls in substantial alignment with the leading edge of said second divider plate to a point flush with said second side Wall in substantial alignment with the trailing edge of said second divider plate
  • a fourth deflector plate bridging the space between said second divider plate and said bottom wall and extending from a point intermediate said side walls in substantial alignment with the leading edge of said second divider plate to a point flush with said first side Wall in substantial alignment with the trailing edge of said second divider plate.

Description

1952 R. SLUIJTERS 3,051,453
MIXING APPARATUS Filed June 22, 1959 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 IN V EN TOR. ROBERT SLU IJTERS BY 3w 1 AT RN Y Aug. 28, 1962 R. SLUIJTERS 3,051,453
' MIXING APPARATUS Filed June 22, 1959 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. ROBERT SLUIJTERS d/LM a.)- BY A 0 EY.
Aug. 28, 1962 R. SLUIJTERS 3,051,453
MIXING APPARATUS Filed June 22, 1959 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 IN V EN TOR. ROBERT SLUIJTERS ATT NE Unite Patented Aug. 28, 1962 3,051,453 MIXING APPARATUS Robert Sluijters, Arnhem, Netherlands, assignor to American Enka Corporation, Erika, N.C., a corporation of Delaware Filed June 22, 1959, Ser. No. 821,917 Claims priority, application Netherlands July 8, 1958 3 Claims. (Cl. 259-4) The present invention relates generally to the mixing of flowing streams of gaseous, liquid and/or granular media through the use of stationary bafiles or pipe re strictors providing a tortuous flow path and more particularly to an improved apparatus for displacing portions or particles from a stream of previously combined materials relative one to the other in a specific manner in order to expedite thorough and homogenous intermixing of the combined materials.
Mixing apparatus of the type presently under consideration is generally known to this art, as thoroughly discussed in copending and commonly owned application Serial No. 774,305, filed November 17, 1958. Reference may be had to this application for an analysis of the disdvantages of previously known mixers or blenders employing stationary baflies.
The aforesaid copening application discloses a mixing process and apparatus designed specifically to obviate difficulties encountered with commercially available mixers. The system described therein divides a flowing stream into a plurality of partial streams and shifts one partial stream relative to others, as is known in this art, but also deforms or alters the cross-sectional shape of the partial stream to such an extent that the same overlaps or is caused to contribute to a plurality of partial streams on passage through the next subsequent mixing stage. The division and intermingling of partial streams of course may be continued as long as deemed necessary or desirable.
The system of mixing described above provides many advantages over known mixers. For example, it is possible, when mixing viscous substances, to predict exactly the mixing action and the result to be obtained, this result depending only on the construction of the mixing unit. Thus, it is possible to obtain a mixing action of any desired degree of uniformity. Moreover, only a fraction of the energy required of known mixers is utilized with the disclosed apparatus.
Nothwithstanding the foregoing, however, it has now been found that the system described in said copending application Serial No. 774,305 also presents certain dis- ,advantages which the present invention is intended tov For example, the previously described system overcome. suggests as a preferred embodiment that the two substances or materials to be combined or blended be initially introduced one to the other in a concentric fashion.
In other words, two concentric flowing streams must be provided before one can be introduced into theother. It appears now that deviations from the concentricity of the twoinitial streams produces non-uniform mixing.
Moreover, although parts of the two" substances which join one another are indeed intensively mixed, the partial streams as as entirety are not too thoroughly guided one through another.
A primary object of this invention is to provide a mixing apparatus not having the disadvantages enumerated above.
hereinabove, but which is more economical to manufacture and easier to service.
An additional object of the present invention is to provide a mixing apparatus having the advantages enumerated above but which does not require a complicated system for introducing streams of substances thereto.
A further object of this invention is to provide a unitary or sectionalized bafile system which can be placed into the supply line of flowing materials in order to insure thorough and uniform homogenization thereof.
These and other objects may be accomplished in accordance with the present invention by providing a baflle system which divides a main stream containing substances to be blended into a number of branches or partial streams much in the manner of a family tree, displacing one partial stream with respect to adjacent partial streams while changing the cross-sectional shape thereof, and combining the partial streams in groups corresponding to the original dividing factor. Corresponding branches of the family tree arrangement, so to speak, are maintained at an equal distance from the main body thereof, and portions of one branch are combined with corresponding portions from other branches, as will appear more fully hereinafter.
The present invention is similar to that described in the aforesaid copending application in that the main stream is divided into several smaller streams, but this division now occurs stepwise, or progressively, rather than simultaneously. If, for example, the main stream is first divided into two branches, or partial streams, the next subsequent division will produce four new branches, two each from the original branches, and the next step of course would result in eight branches, and so forth. This system may be continued at will and any other dividing factor obviously could be used.
With the thus formed so-called family tree of partial streams, the branches so produced are spaced dilferent distances one from the other. The distance between two branches taken in conjunction with the family tree, as used herein, is the geometrical length of a communicating line between the points at which said branches are formed, and measured along stream lines. It may be imagined, therefore, that the length is measured by going upstream from one of the dividing points to a point from which another dividing point can be reached upon following of another branch stream. Thus, the divisions or branches having only the original main stream as their common tree ultimately are located .the greatest distance from one another.
By groupwiseuniting of these divisionsin numbers which always correspond to the dividing factor of the family tree, it was found that exchange of material from one part of the main stream to any other part could be attained in the shortest period of time. Consequently, the
'orientation of the original components in the main stream prior branch streams, are formed upon subsequent divisions. This requirement is satisfied if the cross-sectional shape of the branch streams is altered immediately before the new division occurs. Consequently,-each new branch stream formed will contain a portion of the immediately preceding branch streams, but the particles thereof will appear in a new relationship'with respect to each other.
Although, as remarked above, it is possible in principle to divide and re-divide the main stream into groups of three, for example, or more partial streams, it is preferred according to this invention to utilize a dividing factor of two. It is even more preferable to divide and sub-divide into eight partial streams before uniting these streams pair-wise in the manner described. Not only is ja more simple system now available, it has also been found that a more rapid and intensive mixing is possible, and in a more limited space.
Although various solutions to the mixing problem described are possible, and various cross-sectional shapes of the branch streams could operate successfully, it has been found that most elficient results are obtained if the main "stream is first divided into branches having rectangular cross-section with a length-to-width ratio of 2:1, then altered into a square cross-sectional shape, and then reformed into a rectangular cross-section, but having a length-to-width ratio of 1:2.
\A more thorough understanding of this invention will occur upon study of the following specific disclosure, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIGURE 1 is a plan view of a component part of the mixer apparatus, if constructed in the most simple manner;
FIGURE 2 is a perspective view of the sheet metal part shown in FIGURE 1, but illustrating the bends necessary for assembly with other parts to produce a mixing stage; FIGURE 3 is a perspective view of two pre-formed 'sheet metal parts such "as shown in FIGURE 2 in assembled condition to provide one mixing stage;
FIGURE 4 is a perspective view of a mixer apparatus constructed in accordance with this invention and assembled within a tubular supply conduit having a square cross-section, but showing only the lower wall and one side wall thereof, and omitting one group of tabs appearing in FIGURES 1, 2 and 3;
FIGURE 5 is a perspective view of an alternative sheet 'metal part that is used in constructing the apparatus appearing in FIGURE 4, there being required two of these sheet metal parts for each mixing stage;
FIGURE '6 is a cross-sectional view of a material to be mixed or blended by the apparatus of FIGURE 4, "illustrating by way of example a portion of black pigment disposed as a layer in a larger portion of white vijscous material;
, FIGURE 7 is a cross-sectional view, taken along the line 77 of FIGURE 4, and indicating the disposition "of material after passage into the first mixing stage;
FIGURE 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 8-8 of FIGURE 4, and illustrating the disposition of material when emerging from the first mixing stage;
FIGURE 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 99 of FIGURE 4, and illustrating entrance of the material into the next or second mixing stage;
FIGURE 10 is 'a schematic flow sheet illustrating the manner in which the main stream is divided, combined,
re-divided, etc., with the apparatus shown in FIGURE 4; and... p FIGURE lliis a schematic diagram illustrating an alternative flow systern which could be accomplished upon slight modification of the apparatus shown in FIGURE 4.
According to this invention, as explained earlier, the proposed mixing apparatus should be constructed in such a way that the guide elements receiving the main stream "from the supply conduit should first divide the same into a system of smaller streams which in themselves split up in the manner of a family tree, after which the most finely divided streams then join in groups corresponding to the initial division or dividing factor. The pattern of guide elements-forming these divisions should repeat one or'r nore times in the same geometric 'or symmetric order until the discharge end of the apparatus is reached.
A mixer having a dividing factor of two will now be described with attention directed to the drawings.
Although a mixing apparatus consisting of interconnecting tubes disposed within a cylindrical housing could be utilized, a particularly compact and more simple unit performing the same function may be obtained through the use of a supply conduit having a square shape in cross-section. Only one vertical wall 10 and the bottom 11 of such a conduit appears in FIGURE 4, although portions 10', 11' of a complementary wall and top, respectively, have been shown in order to clarify passage of fluid through the apparatus. The walls, top and bottom intersect with and block off unused areas defined by the baffles, as illustrated.
The mixing apparatus indicated generally at 12 in FIGURE 4 is snugly fitted within the tubular housing and serves to deflect, divide, and combine flowing streams in the manner shown by arrows, to be discussed more 'etc., as will be evident upon comparison of FIGURES 6 and 8.
The bafile pieces, or guide elements, which may be identical except that successive mixing stages are reversed in a manner to be described, can conveniently be formed from a flat sheet or metal plate 13 suitably notched at 14, .15, as shown in FIGURE 1. The notch 15 should have a length greater than notch 14. The remaining tabs 18, 20, which are produced by notch 14, provide divider surfaces not appearing on the mixing apparatus shown in FIGURE 4, but which may be used as a leading edge to facilitate division into branch streams. Such additional dividers generally are necessary only when the flow through the mixer shown is turbulent in nature, and are not usually required for laminar flow. These tabs were omitted from FIGURE 4 so that the passage of branch streams therethrough can be more easily understood. I The remaining fiat portion 21 of the metal plate 16 forms a flat inner wall surface extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the mixing apparatus and supply conduit. This surface, therefore, forms one of the inner walls which are coextensive with a transition area in one mixing stage.
The metal plate 13 of FIGURE 1 should be bent or otherwise formed into the shape appearing in FIGURE 2, after which the same may be combined with a complementing plate to form a single mixing stage such as appears in FIGURE 3, wherein the incoming stream (traveling from the left of this figure to the right) is divided, transposed, altered in cross-sectional shape, and permitted to combine.
The metal plate 13A shown in FIGURE 5 is provided only with the deflector surfaces 16A, 17A, and inner wall surface 21A, for reasons given above. A pair of these plates, opening toward each other so that the notches will interlock, form one stage of the apparatus appearing in 'FIGURE'4. These plates may be formed by injection molding, if desired, or they may be stamped from a continuous sheet. 7 Moreover, they may be secured one to the other, and to the supply conduit if necessary, by welding, soldering, or in any other convenient manner. In some instances, it may be necessary only to force these elements together and into the conduit.
The tabs shown, of course, may be bent in either direction. In other words, the initial division of material may shift one section up and the adjacent section It should be pointed out, however, that the tabs of the two metal parts making up one mixing stage must be bent reversely from those on the adjacentmixing stages. Two of the parts shown in FIG- above to form one mixing stage.
URE 5 may be placed together in the manner indicated The two parts forming the next succeeding stage, however, must have tabs bent in the opposite direction, as will appear upon inspec tion of FIGURE 4. 1
Operation of the apparatus shown in FIGURE 4 can best be understood by reference also to FIGURES 6-9, inclusive, and the flow sheet shown in FIGURE 10. A flowing stream of material 22 (indicated only by arrows in this figure), which has previously been injected with a pigment, for example, 23 is introduced into the mixer 12 from the upper left of FIGURE 4 and flows therethrough to emerge at the lower right of this figure. This main stream of combined materials is illustrated by line 24 in FIGURE 10. When this material enters the mixing apparatus, the leading edge of the first flat surface 2118 (which happens to extend vertically, as indicated by dotted lines in FIGURE 6) divides the stream into first and second main branches, indicated at 25 and 26 in FIGURE 10. The same division of course would occur had divider tabs 18, 20 been utilized.
Upon division into two main branches (2'5, 26, FIG- URE by the edge of first flat surface 21A (FIGURE 4), a first main branch (for example, 25) engages defiector plate 17A and is shifted upwardly while the crosssectional shape thereof is simultaneously changed from rectangular (see FIGURE 6, the material on the left side of the dotted line) to square (see FIGURE 7, the material in the upper left corner). Since the area is reduced, the velocity of course is increased. The same occurs to second main branch 26, but it is shifted vertically downwardly by the deflector plate 16A appearing only in dotted lines in FIGURE 4. *Upon leaving the transition area of square cross-section, each branch is widened and returned to its original shape, but with the longitudinal axis extending horizontally rather than vertically as when it entered the mixing stage. Everything above the horizontal dotted line in FIGURE 8 represents the branch 25, while everything therebelow represents branch 26. Moreover, it can be seen that upon passage into the next mixing stage one part of branch 25 will be channeled with one part of branch 26, the next dividing edge being represented by the vertical dotted line in FIGURE 8.
Upon discharge from the trailing edge of the second flat plate 21A in FIGURE 4 the two branches will appear as a main body such as shown in FIGURE 8. This condition never exists actually, however, because at the same instant the branches discharge from one wall plate 21A or immediately prior thereto, depending on mixer construction, they come into contact with a succeeding plate disposed in a plane normal thereto. Consequently, first main branch 25 is divided into first and second subbranches 27, 28, respectively, (see FIGURE 10) and second main branch 26 is divided into third and fourth sub-branches 30, 31, respectively. These sub-branches are shifted, altered in cross-section to appear as in FIG- URE 9, and then flattened again to the FIGURE 8 configuration, but with four layers of pigment 23 (not shown). The main concept here, as explained in said copending application Serial No. 774,305, is to divide and combine portions until the layers 22, 23 become infinitely small to insure thorough mixing.
It is also important to note that, upon discharge of the sub-branches 27, 28, 30 and 31 from the trailing edge of the second Wall plate 21A, one sub-branch from first main branch 25 will be combined with a sub-branch from second main branch 26. The first main branch 25, therefore, is now comprised of sub-branch 27 forming an original portion thereof, and sub-branch 30 which originally was a part of second main branch 26. Likewise, main branch 26 is now formed from sub-branches 28, 31, see FIGURE 10.
From the foregoing, it will appear that modified main branches 25A, 26A will be introduced into the next mixing stage of the apparatus shown. One mixing stage may be defined as the bafile structure included between the leading edge of the first (vertical) wall surface 21A to the trailing edge of the second horizontal wall surface 21A. This operaiton may be understood more clearly from FIGURE 10, wherein modified first main branch 25A is divided into first and second modified sub-branches 3'2, 33, respectively, and modified second main branch 26A is divided into third and fourth modified sub-branches 34, 35, respectively.
Division of branches into sub-branches, alteration in cross-sectional shape, and re-combining with selected subbranches from other branches continues throughout the apparatus in the same manner described above. At the discharge end of the mixer sub-branches unite in pairs as shown at 36, 37; 38, 40 (FIGURE 10), and the resulting main branches 41, 42, respectively, flow together as at 43 to produce a new or modified main stream of thorough- 'ly blended materials. Theoretically, this main stream 43 will consist of an infinite number of layers of the starting material 22, 23, with each layer being of infinitesimal thickness. The actual result depends, of course, on the number of mixing stages utilized.
With attention now directed to FIGURE 11, a slightly different system of dividing and combining will be explained. It will be understood that baffles should be added to the apparatus of FIGURE 4 to prevent combining of sub-branches until the same have been individually divided into the smallest portions desired. The same effect may be obtained, of course, by providing small conduits within the mixer and, for purposes of this discussion, the lines shown in FIGURE 11 may represent such conduits. The same would not be spread out as shown, however, but should be confined to the space required of the illustrated apparatus.
In the modified system, a main stream 44 of viscose, for example, having a layer of pigment, for example, is introduced into the mixer. The present invention obviously is not limited to such a combination of materials, but has been found to blend the same very thoroughly and efficiently. The main stream 44 is divided into first and second main branches 45, 46, respectively, by the first stage of the mixing apparatus. The first main branch 45 is sub-divided into first and second sub-branches 47, 48, while the second main branch 46 is sub-divided into third and fourth sub-branches 50, 51.
At this stage, the alternative system differs from the first embodiment described hereinabove. Instead of combining alternate or preselected ones of these sub-branches, the same are again sub-divided into respective pairs of the eight ramifications 52, 5'3, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, and 60, as shown. If further division is deemed unnecessary for thorough mixing, the ramifications are then united in pre-selected pairs to form the four modified subbranches 61, 62, 63 and 64. These modified sub-branches are next combined in alternate pairs to form modified first and second main branches 65, 66, respectively. These modified main branches are finally united to form a modified or thoroughly mixed main stream 67.
It is pointed out that many modifications of the present invention will be possible. The flat metal plates suitably bent to form tabs clearly relate to only one method of assembling the mixing apparatus. It should be noted in this connection that the mixer shown in FIGURE 4 is not provided with voids which would necessarily occur if only flat plates were used in construction. The voids would serve no useful purpose and have been shown as filled, although in actual practice the surfaces 10, 11' would extend as an additional wall and top, respectively, so that the two walls, top and bottom together will define a tubular structure of square cross section in the embodiment described herein above. It might be found expedient to cast or otherwise form each mixing stage from solid material, or the entire apparatus might be formed in a single operation. Obviously, however, the
material from which the same is formed, or the manner of construction, depends on the end use and per se form no part of the present invention.
Inasmuch as other modifications will become apparent to those skilled in this art, it is intended that this invention be limited in scope only to the extent set forth in the following claims.
What is claimed is: g
l. A mixing apparatus comprising a conduit of uniform cross section for supplying a main stream of material to be blended, means within said conduit for dividing said main stream into first and second branch streams, means Within said conduit for simultaneously sub-dividing said first branch stream into first and second sub-branch streams and said second branch stream into third and fourth sub branch streams, means within said conduit for directly combining said first sub-branch stream with said third sub-branch stream and said second sub-branch stream with said fourth sub-branch stream, thereby producing modified first and second branch streams, and means for directly combining said first and second modified branch streams into a modified main stream.
2. A mixer apparatus for insertion into a tubular supply conduit having parallel top and bottom walls and parallel first and second side walls extending normally between said top and bottom walls including at least one mixing stage comprising a first divider plate extending normally between said top and bottom walls intermediate said first and second side walls, said first divider plate having leading and trailing edges, a first deflector plate bridging the space between said first divider plate and said first side wall and extending from a point flush with said bottom wall in substantial alignment with the leading edge of said first divider plate to a point intermediate said top and bottom walls in substantial alignment with the trailing edge of said first divider plate, 'a second deflector plate bridging the space between said first divider plate and said second side wall and extending from a point flush with said top wall in substantial alignment with the leading edge of said first divider plate to a point intermediate said top and bottom walls in substantial alignment with the trailing edge of said first divider plate, a second divider plate extending normally between said first and second side walls intermediate said top and bottom walls, said second divider plate also having leading and trailing edges, the
leading edge of which is in substantial alignment with the trailing edge of said first divider plate, a third deflector plate bridging the space between said second divider plate and said top wall and extending from a point intermediate said side walls in substantial alignment with the leading edge of said second divider plate to a point flush with said second side Wall in substantial alignment with the trailing edge of said second divider plate, and a fourth deflector plate bridging the space between said second divider plate and said bottom wall and extending from a point intermediate said side walls in substantial alignment with the leading edge of said second divider plate to a point flush with said first side Wall in substantial alignment with the trailing edge of said second divider plate.
3. A mixer apparatus as set forth in claim 2 and further comprising a plurality of said mixing stages, each successive stage being reversed from the immediately preceding stage.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 832,400 Lyons Oct. 2, 1906
US821917A 1958-07-08 1959-06-22 Mixing apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3051453A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL883989X 1958-07-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3051453A true US3051453A (en) 1962-08-28

Family

ID=19853649

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US821917A Expired - Lifetime US3051453A (en) 1958-07-08 1959-06-22 Mixing apparatus

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3051453A (en)
BE (1) BE578478A (en)
FR (1) FR1226883A (en)
GB (1) GB883989A (en)
NL (2) NL229424A (en)

Cited By (87)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3195865A (en) * 1960-09-09 1965-07-20 Dow Chemical Co Interfacial surface generator
US3206170A (en) * 1959-10-13 1965-09-14 American Enka Corp Mixing apparatus
US3328003A (en) * 1965-02-09 1967-06-27 Dow Chemical Co Method and apparatus for the generation of a plurality of layers in a flowing stream
US3337194A (en) * 1965-08-09 1967-08-22 Phillips Petroleum Co In-line blender
US3394924A (en) * 1966-07-18 1968-07-30 Dow Chemical Co Interfacial surface generator
US3395898A (en) * 1967-01-26 1968-08-06 Christianus Marinus Theresia Westelaken Bulk blender
US3406947A (en) * 1966-08-19 1968-10-22 Dow Chemical Co Interfacial surface generator
DE1557058B2 (en) * 1966-05-06 1970-07-23 Bayer Ag Device for continuous mixing and homogenization of viscous liquids or liquids with powdery substances
US3620506A (en) * 1970-07-07 1971-11-16 Fmc Corp Fluid-mixing device
US3623704A (en) * 1970-08-03 1971-11-30 Dow Corning Static mixing device
US3635444A (en) * 1970-09-08 1972-01-18 Amvit Static mixer
US3643927A (en) * 1970-10-15 1972-02-22 Phillips Petroleum Co Stationary mixture and method for mixing material
US3652061A (en) * 1971-03-04 1972-03-28 Dow Chemical Co Interfacial surface generator and method of preparation thereof
US3697050A (en) * 1970-12-14 1972-10-10 Xerox Corp Cross-mixing baffle
US3831904A (en) * 1969-11-14 1974-08-27 Akzona Inc Common plane sequential mixing apparatus
US3857551A (en) * 1973-06-21 1974-12-31 Nus Corp Device to dampen fluctuations in the concentration of a substance in a flowing stream of fluid
JPS5031113A (en) * 1973-07-23 1975-03-27
US3893654A (en) * 1972-03-18 1975-07-08 Harunobu Miura Mixing apparatus
DE2459355A1 (en) * 1973-12-27 1975-07-10 Komax Systems Inc STATIONARY MIXING DEVICE
US3929318A (en) * 1974-12-09 1975-12-30 Exxon Research Engineering Co Static mixers for viscous material
DE2508482A1 (en) * 1974-02-28 1976-01-29 Union Carbide Corp MIXING DEVICE
US3950476A (en) * 1967-08-19 1976-04-13 Akzona Incorporated Manufacture of unique synthetic film and yarn
US3995981A (en) * 1971-09-15 1976-12-07 Messrs. Demag Ag Feedhead device for the moulding of plastics materials to be formed from a plurality of liquid constituents
US4019719A (en) * 1975-06-05 1977-04-26 Schuster Hans H Fluid mixing device
US4034965A (en) * 1973-12-27 1977-07-12 Komax Systems, Inc. Material distributing and mixing apparatus
JPS5316139B1 (en) * 1971-05-17 1978-05-30
US4112520A (en) * 1976-03-25 1978-09-05 Oscar Patton Gilmore Static mixer
US4127210A (en) * 1977-03-16 1978-11-28 Chrysler Corporation Master cylinder reservoir
US4147270A (en) * 1977-03-18 1979-04-03 Chrysler Corporation Master cylinder reservoir
US4179222A (en) * 1978-01-11 1979-12-18 Systematix Controls, Inc. Flow turbulence generating and mixing device
US4222672A (en) * 1979-04-19 1980-09-16 University Patents, Inc. Static mixer
US4222671A (en) * 1978-09-05 1980-09-16 Gilmore Oscar Patrick Static mixer
US4318623A (en) * 1979-11-20 1982-03-09 Alternate Liquid Fuels Corp. Alternate liquid fuel processing apparatus
EP0066977A1 (en) * 1981-05-18 1982-12-15 Sekisui Kaseihin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus for preparing thermoplastic foams
US4461579A (en) * 1981-07-31 1984-07-24 Statiflo, Inc. Motionless mixer combination
US4600544A (en) * 1982-11-29 1986-07-15 Merix Corporation Packing unit and method of making
WO1990000929A1 (en) * 1988-07-27 1990-02-08 Vortab Corporation Static fluid flow mixing apparatus
US5063000A (en) * 1989-05-03 1991-11-05 Mix Thomas W Packing elements
US5262119A (en) * 1992-04-27 1993-11-16 Owens-Illinois Plastics Products Inc. Plastic system for injection molding and extruding a hollow tube for forming a plastic container by blowing
US5407607A (en) * 1993-11-09 1995-04-18 Mix; Thomas W. Structured packing elements
WO1995018923A1 (en) * 1994-01-04 1995-07-13 Komax Systems, Inc. Stationary material mixing apparatus
US5470462A (en) * 1992-11-05 1995-11-28 Gauger; Raymond G. Apparatus for preventing scale formation in water systems
US5522661A (en) * 1994-02-16 1996-06-04 Tokyo Nisshin Jabara Co., Ltd. Static mixing module and mixing apparatus using the same
US5549820A (en) * 1994-03-04 1996-08-27 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus for removing a component from solution
EP0749776A1 (en) 1995-06-21 1996-12-27 Sulzer Chemtech AG Mixer with tubular housing
US5800059A (en) * 1995-05-09 1998-09-01 Labatt Brewing Company Limited Static fluid flow mixing apparatus
US5851067A (en) * 1996-07-05 1998-12-22 Sulzer Chemtech Ag Static mixer with a bundle of chambered strings
US5866910A (en) * 1995-05-09 1999-02-02 Labatt Brewing Company Limited Flow-through photo-chemical reactor
US5882774A (en) * 1993-12-21 1999-03-16 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Optical film
US5976424A (en) * 1996-07-31 1999-11-02 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method for making multilayer optical films having thin optical layers
US6071450A (en) * 1997-12-31 2000-06-06 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for making water degradable polymer microlayer film
US6117438A (en) * 1997-12-31 2000-09-12 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Water degradable microlayer polymer film and articles including same
US6261674B1 (en) 1998-12-28 2001-07-17 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Breathable microlayer polymer film and articles including same
US6350518B1 (en) 1998-06-01 2002-02-26 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Methods of making blend compositions of an unmodified poly vinyl alcohol and a thermoplastic elastomer
US6586354B1 (en) 1998-12-28 2003-07-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Microlayer breathable hybrid films of degradable polymers and thermoplastic elastomers
US6599008B2 (en) * 2000-02-17 2003-07-29 Sulzer Chemtech Ag Static mixer
US6623155B1 (en) * 1999-05-11 2003-09-23 Statiflo International Limited Static mixer
US20040008576A1 (en) * 2002-07-10 2004-01-15 Tah Industries, Inc. Method and apparatus for reducing fluid streaking in a motionless mixer
US20040028899A1 (en) * 2002-08-06 2004-02-12 Peronnet-Paquin Anne Therese Preparation of co-extruded multi-layered rubber composite and use as component of a tire
US20040089412A1 (en) * 2002-11-12 2004-05-13 Topolkaraev Vasily A. Methods of making responsive film with corrugated microlayers having improved properties
US20040141413A1 (en) * 2002-12-06 2004-07-22 Wilhelm A. Keller Static mixer
US20050049566A1 (en) * 2003-08-25 2005-03-03 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent article formed with microlayered films
US20050080665A1 (en) * 2001-11-27 2005-04-14 Accenture Global Services, Gmbh Context sensitive advertisement delivery framework
US20050107524A1 (en) * 2003-09-10 2005-05-19 Cold Spring Technology, Inc. Enhanced protective coating for concrete, steel, wood and other surfaces
US20050219947A1 (en) * 2004-03-31 2005-10-06 Carlson Richard F Replaceable mixing elements for motionless mixer
US6984439B2 (en) 2002-11-12 2006-01-10 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Responsive film with corrugated microlayers having improved properties
US20060149199A1 (en) * 2004-12-30 2006-07-06 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Degradable breathable multilayer film with improved properties and method of making same
US20060149200A1 (en) * 2004-12-30 2006-07-06 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Degradable breathable multilayer film with improved properties and method of making same
US20070049888A1 (en) * 2005-08-31 2007-03-01 Soerens Dave A Absorbent core comprising a multi-microlayer film
US20070242560A1 (en) * 2006-01-18 2007-10-18 Yoshihiro Norikane Microscopic flow passage structure, microscopic liquid droplet generating method, microscopic liquid droplet generating system, particles, and microcapsules
WO2009095231A2 (en) 2008-01-31 2009-08-06 Cryovac, Inc. Gas-barrier films and sheets
WO2009157995A1 (en) 2008-06-26 2009-12-30 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company, Inc. Exhaust gas additive/treatment system and mixer for use therein
US20100097883A1 (en) * 2008-10-17 2010-04-22 Sasan Habibi-Naini Static mixer and method of making same
WO2010089446A1 (en) * 2008-12-29 2010-08-12 Upm-Kymmene Corporation Process and apparatus for the homogenization of feed stock
US7852560B2 (en) 1993-12-21 2010-12-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Display incorporating reflective polarizer
US20110075512A1 (en) * 2009-09-25 2011-03-31 Nordson Corporation Cross flow inversion baffle for static mixer
US20110206973A1 (en) * 2008-10-24 2011-08-25 Toray Tonen Specialty Separator Godo Kaisha Multi-layer microporous membranes and methods for making and using such membranes
JP2011206677A (en) * 2010-03-30 2011-10-20 Yotaro Hatamura Mixer, gradation mixture and method of manufacturing mixture
JP2011206678A (en) * 2010-03-30 2011-10-20 Yotaro Hatamura Mixer, gradation mixture and method of manufacturing mixture
WO2011162728A1 (en) 2010-06-23 2011-12-29 Gluetec Gmbh & Co. Kg Static mixer with asymmetric mixing elements
CN102489196A (en) * 2011-12-16 2012-06-13 无锡威孚力达催化净化器有限责任公司 Flow guide atomizing mixer
WO2012096248A1 (en) 2011-01-11 2012-07-19 東レバッテリーセパレータフィルム合同会社 Multilayer microporous film, process for production of the film, and use of the film
US20120279207A1 (en) * 2011-05-04 2012-11-08 Gerd Gaiser Mixing element
US9839883B2 (en) * 2016-03-18 2017-12-12 Komax Systems, Inc. Channel mixing apparatus
EP3338882A1 (en) 2016-12-14 2018-06-27 Felix Streiff Mixing element with high strength and mixing effect
US11391522B2 (en) * 2020-04-20 2022-07-19 Mikutay Corporation Tube and chamber type heat exchange apparatus having an enhanced medium directing assembly
US11566855B2 (en) * 2019-08-09 2023-01-31 Mikutay Corporation Tube and chamber heat exchange apparatus having a medium directing assembly with enhanced medium directing panels

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US832400A (en) * 1906-02-10 1906-10-02 Percy M Lyons Mixer.

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US832400A (en) * 1906-02-10 1906-10-02 Percy M Lyons Mixer.

Cited By (120)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3206170A (en) * 1959-10-13 1965-09-14 American Enka Corp Mixing apparatus
US3195865A (en) * 1960-09-09 1965-07-20 Dow Chemical Co Interfacial surface generator
US3328003A (en) * 1965-02-09 1967-06-27 Dow Chemical Co Method and apparatus for the generation of a plurality of layers in a flowing stream
US3337194A (en) * 1965-08-09 1967-08-22 Phillips Petroleum Co In-line blender
DE1557058B2 (en) * 1966-05-06 1970-07-23 Bayer Ag Device for continuous mixing and homogenization of viscous liquids or liquids with powdery substances
US3394924A (en) * 1966-07-18 1968-07-30 Dow Chemical Co Interfacial surface generator
US3406947A (en) * 1966-08-19 1968-10-22 Dow Chemical Co Interfacial surface generator
US3395898A (en) * 1967-01-26 1968-08-06 Christianus Marinus Theresia Westelaken Bulk blender
US3950476A (en) * 1967-08-19 1976-04-13 Akzona Incorporated Manufacture of unique synthetic film and yarn
US3831904A (en) * 1969-11-14 1974-08-27 Akzona Inc Common plane sequential mixing apparatus
US3620506A (en) * 1970-07-07 1971-11-16 Fmc Corp Fluid-mixing device
US3623704A (en) * 1970-08-03 1971-11-30 Dow Corning Static mixing device
US3635444A (en) * 1970-09-08 1972-01-18 Amvit Static mixer
US3643927A (en) * 1970-10-15 1972-02-22 Phillips Petroleum Co Stationary mixture and method for mixing material
US3697050A (en) * 1970-12-14 1972-10-10 Xerox Corp Cross-mixing baffle
US3652061A (en) * 1971-03-04 1972-03-28 Dow Chemical Co Interfacial surface generator and method of preparation thereof
JPS5316139B1 (en) * 1971-05-17 1978-05-30
US3995981A (en) * 1971-09-15 1976-12-07 Messrs. Demag Ag Feedhead device for the moulding of plastics materials to be formed from a plurality of liquid constituents
US3893654A (en) * 1972-03-18 1975-07-08 Harunobu Miura Mixing apparatus
US3857551A (en) * 1973-06-21 1974-12-31 Nus Corp Device to dampen fluctuations in the concentration of a substance in a flowing stream of fluid
JPS5031113A (en) * 1973-07-23 1975-03-27
US3923288A (en) * 1973-12-27 1975-12-02 Komax Systems Inc Material mixing apparatus
JPS5097957A (en) * 1973-12-27 1975-08-04
US4034965A (en) * 1973-12-27 1977-07-12 Komax Systems, Inc. Material distributing and mixing apparatus
DE2459355A1 (en) * 1973-12-27 1975-07-10 Komax Systems Inc STATIONARY MIXING DEVICE
JPS5421987B2 (en) * 1973-12-27 1979-08-03
DE2508482A1 (en) * 1974-02-28 1976-01-29 Union Carbide Corp MIXING DEVICE
US3963221A (en) * 1974-02-28 1976-06-15 Union Carbide Corporation Mixing apparatus
US3929318A (en) * 1974-12-09 1975-12-30 Exxon Research Engineering Co Static mixers for viscous material
US4019719A (en) * 1975-06-05 1977-04-26 Schuster Hans H Fluid mixing device
US4112520A (en) * 1976-03-25 1978-09-05 Oscar Patton Gilmore Static mixer
US4127210A (en) * 1977-03-16 1978-11-28 Chrysler Corporation Master cylinder reservoir
US4147270A (en) * 1977-03-18 1979-04-03 Chrysler Corporation Master cylinder reservoir
US4179222A (en) * 1978-01-11 1979-12-18 Systematix Controls, Inc. Flow turbulence generating and mixing device
US4222671A (en) * 1978-09-05 1980-09-16 Gilmore Oscar Patrick Static mixer
US4222672A (en) * 1979-04-19 1980-09-16 University Patents, Inc. Static mixer
US4318623A (en) * 1979-11-20 1982-03-09 Alternate Liquid Fuels Corp. Alternate liquid fuel processing apparatus
EP0066977A1 (en) * 1981-05-18 1982-12-15 Sekisui Kaseihin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus for preparing thermoplastic foams
US4461579A (en) * 1981-07-31 1984-07-24 Statiflo, Inc. Motionless mixer combination
US4600544A (en) * 1982-11-29 1986-07-15 Merix Corporation Packing unit and method of making
WO1990000929A1 (en) * 1988-07-27 1990-02-08 Vortab Corporation Static fluid flow mixing apparatus
US4929088A (en) * 1988-07-27 1990-05-29 Vortab Corporation Static fluid flow mixing apparatus
US5063000A (en) * 1989-05-03 1991-11-05 Mix Thomas W Packing elements
US5262119A (en) * 1992-04-27 1993-11-16 Owens-Illinois Plastics Products Inc. Plastic system for injection molding and extruding a hollow tube for forming a plastic container by blowing
US5470462A (en) * 1992-11-05 1995-11-28 Gauger; Raymond G. Apparatus for preventing scale formation in water systems
US5758967A (en) * 1993-04-19 1998-06-02 Komax Systems, Inc. Non-clogging motionless mixing apparatus
US5407607A (en) * 1993-11-09 1995-04-18 Mix; Thomas W. Structured packing elements
US5578254A (en) * 1993-11-09 1996-11-26 Mix; Thomas W. Structured packing elements
US5882774A (en) * 1993-12-21 1999-03-16 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Optical film
US7083847B2 (en) 1993-12-21 2006-08-01 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical film
US7297393B2 (en) 1993-12-21 2007-11-20 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical film
US7852560B2 (en) 1993-12-21 2010-12-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Display incorporating reflective polarizer
US6613421B2 (en) 1993-12-21 2003-09-02 3M Innovative Properties Company Optical film
WO1995018923A1 (en) * 1994-01-04 1995-07-13 Komax Systems, Inc. Stationary material mixing apparatus
US5522661A (en) * 1994-02-16 1996-06-04 Tokyo Nisshin Jabara Co., Ltd. Static mixing module and mixing apparatus using the same
US5695645A (en) * 1994-03-04 1997-12-09 Eastman Kodak Company Methods for removing silver from spent photoprocessing solution
US5688401A (en) * 1994-03-04 1997-11-18 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus for removing silver from spent photoprocessing solution
US5549820A (en) * 1994-03-04 1996-08-27 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus for removing a component from solution
US5866910A (en) * 1995-05-09 1999-02-02 Labatt Brewing Company Limited Flow-through photo-chemical reactor
US5800059A (en) * 1995-05-09 1998-09-01 Labatt Brewing Company Limited Static fluid flow mixing apparatus
US6000841A (en) * 1995-05-09 1999-12-14 Labatt Brewing Company Limited Static fluid flow mixing apparatus
EP0749776A1 (en) 1995-06-21 1996-12-27 Sulzer Chemtech AG Mixer with tubular housing
US5851067A (en) * 1996-07-05 1998-12-22 Sulzer Chemtech Ag Static mixer with a bundle of chambered strings
US5976424A (en) * 1996-07-31 1999-11-02 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method for making multilayer optical films having thin optical layers
US6071450A (en) * 1997-12-31 2000-06-06 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for making water degradable polymer microlayer film
US6117438A (en) * 1997-12-31 2000-09-12 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Water degradable microlayer polymer film and articles including same
US6350518B1 (en) 1998-06-01 2002-02-26 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Methods of making blend compositions of an unmodified poly vinyl alcohol and a thermoplastic elastomer
US6261674B1 (en) 1998-12-28 2001-07-17 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Breathable microlayer polymer film and articles including same
US6586354B1 (en) 1998-12-28 2003-07-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Microlayer breathable hybrid films of degradable polymers and thermoplastic elastomers
US6623155B1 (en) * 1999-05-11 2003-09-23 Statiflo International Limited Static mixer
US6599008B2 (en) * 2000-02-17 2003-07-29 Sulzer Chemtech Ag Static mixer
US20050080665A1 (en) * 2001-11-27 2005-04-14 Accenture Global Services, Gmbh Context sensitive advertisement delivery framework
US20040008576A1 (en) * 2002-07-10 2004-01-15 Tah Industries, Inc. Method and apparatus for reducing fluid streaking in a motionless mixer
US6773156B2 (en) 2002-07-10 2004-08-10 Tah Industries, Inc. Method and apparatus for reducing fluid streaking in a motionless mixer
US7198744B2 (en) 2002-08-06 2007-04-03 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Preparation of co-extruded multi-layered rubber composite and use as component of a tire
US20040028899A1 (en) * 2002-08-06 2004-02-12 Peronnet-Paquin Anne Therese Preparation of co-extruded multi-layered rubber composite and use as component of a tire
US7303642B2 (en) 2002-11-12 2007-12-04 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Methods of making responsive film with corrugated microlayers having improved properties
US20040089412A1 (en) * 2002-11-12 2004-05-13 Topolkaraev Vasily A. Methods of making responsive film with corrugated microlayers having improved properties
US6984439B2 (en) 2002-11-12 2006-01-10 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Responsive film with corrugated microlayers having improved properties
US20040141413A1 (en) * 2002-12-06 2004-07-22 Wilhelm A. Keller Static mixer
US20060187752A1 (en) * 2002-12-06 2006-08-24 Mixpac Systems Static mixer
US7841765B2 (en) * 2002-12-06 2010-11-30 Sulzer Mixpac Ag Static mixer
US20080232191A1 (en) * 2002-12-06 2008-09-25 Sulzer Mixpac Ag Static mixer
US7325970B2 (en) * 2002-12-06 2008-02-05 Sulzer Mixpac Ag Static mixer
US8317767B2 (en) 2003-08-25 2012-11-27 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent article formed with microlayered film
US7179952B2 (en) 2003-08-25 2007-02-20 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent article formed with microlayered films
US20070129698A1 (en) * 2003-08-25 2007-06-07 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent Article formed with Microlayered Film
US20050049566A1 (en) * 2003-08-25 2005-03-03 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent article formed with microlayered films
US20050107524A1 (en) * 2003-09-10 2005-05-19 Cold Spring Technology, Inc. Enhanced protective coating for concrete, steel, wood and other surfaces
US7137731B2 (en) * 2004-03-31 2006-11-21 Komax Systems, Inc. Replaceable mixing elements for motionless mixer
US20050219947A1 (en) * 2004-03-31 2005-10-06 Carlson Richard F Replaceable mixing elements for motionless mixer
US20060149199A1 (en) * 2004-12-30 2006-07-06 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Degradable breathable multilayer film with improved properties and method of making same
US7619132B2 (en) 2004-12-30 2009-11-17 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Degradable breathable multilayer film with improved properties and method of making same
US20060149200A1 (en) * 2004-12-30 2006-07-06 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Degradable breathable multilayer film with improved properties and method of making same
US20070049888A1 (en) * 2005-08-31 2007-03-01 Soerens Dave A Absorbent core comprising a multi-microlayer film
US8821006B2 (en) * 2006-01-18 2014-09-02 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Microscopic flow passage structure, microscopic liquid droplet generating method, microscopic liquid droplet generating system, particles, and microcapsules
US20070242560A1 (en) * 2006-01-18 2007-10-18 Yoshihiro Norikane Microscopic flow passage structure, microscopic liquid droplet generating method, microscopic liquid droplet generating system, particles, and microcapsules
WO2009095231A3 (en) * 2008-01-31 2009-12-17 Cryovac, Inc. Gas-barrier films and sheets
US20110039098A1 (en) * 2008-01-31 2011-02-17 Roberto Forloni Gas-barrier films and sheets
WO2009095231A2 (en) 2008-01-31 2009-08-06 Cryovac, Inc. Gas-barrier films and sheets
WO2009157995A1 (en) 2008-06-26 2009-12-30 Tenneco Automotive Operating Company, Inc. Exhaust gas additive/treatment system and mixer for use therein
EP2310650A4 (en) * 2008-06-26 2015-05-27 Tenneco Automotive Operating Exhaust gas additive/treatment system and mixer for use therein
US20100097883A1 (en) * 2008-10-17 2010-04-22 Sasan Habibi-Naini Static mixer and method of making same
US8753006B2 (en) * 2008-10-17 2014-06-17 Sulzer Mixpac Ag Static mixer
US20110206973A1 (en) * 2008-10-24 2011-08-25 Toray Tonen Specialty Separator Godo Kaisha Multi-layer microporous membranes and methods for making and using such membranes
WO2010089446A1 (en) * 2008-12-29 2010-08-12 Upm-Kymmene Corporation Process and apparatus for the homogenization of feed stock
CN102271793A (en) * 2008-12-29 2011-12-07 芬欧汇川有限公司 Process and apparatus for the homogenization of feed stock
US7985020B2 (en) * 2009-09-25 2011-07-26 Nordson Corporation Cross flow inversion baffle for static mixer
US20110075512A1 (en) * 2009-09-25 2011-03-31 Nordson Corporation Cross flow inversion baffle for static mixer
JP2011206678A (en) * 2010-03-30 2011-10-20 Yotaro Hatamura Mixer, gradation mixture and method of manufacturing mixture
JP2011206677A (en) * 2010-03-30 2011-10-20 Yotaro Hatamura Mixer, gradation mixture and method of manufacturing mixture
WO2011162728A1 (en) 2010-06-23 2011-12-29 Gluetec Gmbh & Co. Kg Static mixer with asymmetric mixing elements
WO2012096248A1 (en) 2011-01-11 2012-07-19 東レバッテリーセパレータフィルム合同会社 Multilayer microporous film, process for production of the film, and use of the film
US20120279207A1 (en) * 2011-05-04 2012-11-08 Gerd Gaiser Mixing element
US9433906B2 (en) * 2011-05-04 2016-09-06 Eberspächer Exhaust Technology GmbH & Co. KG Mixing element
CN102489196A (en) * 2011-12-16 2012-06-13 无锡威孚力达催化净化器有限责任公司 Flow guide atomizing mixer
US9839883B2 (en) * 2016-03-18 2017-12-12 Komax Systems, Inc. Channel mixing apparatus
EP3338882A1 (en) 2016-12-14 2018-06-27 Felix Streiff Mixing element with high strength and mixing effect
US11566855B2 (en) * 2019-08-09 2023-01-31 Mikutay Corporation Tube and chamber heat exchange apparatus having a medium directing assembly with enhanced medium directing panels
US11391522B2 (en) * 2020-04-20 2022-07-19 Mikutay Corporation Tube and chamber type heat exchange apparatus having an enhanced medium directing assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE578478A (en) 1900-01-01
GB883989A (en) 1961-12-06
NL103356C (en) 1900-01-01
FR1226883A (en) 1960-08-16
NL229424A (en) 1900-01-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3051453A (en) Mixing apparatus
EP0815929B1 (en) Static mixer
JP2891438B2 (en) Static mixing device
US3206170A (en) Mixing apparatus
US3051452A (en) Process and apparatus for mixing
JP3385042B2 (en) Mixing device
KR101010872B1 (en) static mixer
US6599008B2 (en) Static mixer
EP1242171B1 (en) Micromixer
DE10296876B4 (en) Micro-mixer
DE1710623A1 (en) Device for spinning synthetic composite threads
US3613173A (en) Mix-spinning apparatus
DE202016008932U1 (en) Double wedge mixing tray and associated static mixer
JPH09901A (en) Mixer and usage thereof
US3295552A (en) Apparatus for combining spinning compositions
USRE28072E (en) Mixing apparatus
DE7733456U1 (en) STATIC MIXER
ES337232A1 (en) Apparatus for spinning a miltifilament yarn
DE102020210310A1 (en) Compact heat exchanger
DE357304C (en) Burner for gas firing
SU784900A1 (en) Static mixer
DE1059888B (en) Method and device for carrying out an exchange of substance and / or heat between gaseous and / or liquid media
DE358018C (en) Mixing device for gases
DE3229486A1 (en) Static grooved-tube mixer
JPS5841081B2 (en) Gas-liquid contact device