US2293207A - Apparatus for panning and/or tilting motion picture apparatus - Google Patents

Apparatus for panning and/or tilting motion picture apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2293207A
US2293207A US291884A US29188439A US2293207A US 2293207 A US2293207 A US 2293207A US 291884 A US291884 A US 291884A US 29188439 A US29188439 A US 29188439A US 2293207 A US2293207 A US 2293207A
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United States
Prior art keywords
panning
shaft
gear
tilting
secured
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US291884A
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Byron C Haskin
Albert W Tondreau
Herman C Muhlbach
Arndt William Frederick
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Warner Bros Entertainment Inc
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Warner Bros Entertainment Inc
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Priority to US291884A priority Critical patent/US2293207A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03BAPPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B15/00Special procedures for taking photographs; Apparatus therefor
    • G03B15/08Trick photography
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19Gearing
    • Y10T74/19219Interchangeably locked
    • Y10T74/19377Slidable keys or clutches
    • Y10T74/19414Single clutch shaft
    • Y10T74/19419Progressive
    • Y10T74/19423Multiple key
    • Y10T74/19428Spur
    • Y10T74/19437Electrically operated
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/20Control lever and linkage systems
    • Y10T74/20207Multiple controlling elements for single controlled element
    • Y10T74/20238Interlocked
    • Y10T74/20244Push button

Definitions

  • HASKIN ETAL APPARATUS FOR PANNING AND/OR TILTING MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS l5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Aug. 25, 1939 INVENTORS BYIPaN C. Man/N MEET W TONDPEAU BY HEPMAA gMl HMH WILL/AM .A/P/VPT ATTORNEY APPARATUS FOR PANNING AND/OR TILTING MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS B. c HASKIN EI'AL 15 Sheets-Sheat 8 Filed Aug. 25, 1959 FIELZ 8.
  • This invention relates to motion-picture apparatus and has particular reference to apparatus for automatically or manually panning and/or tilting a camera, projector or the like motion picture apparatus.
  • One object of the invention is to move a motion picture apparatus in a predetermined path.
  • a further object of the invention is to pan and/or tilt a motion picture apparatus in a predetermined path any number of times while insuring that the same field of view is presented to each successive film frame area during eachtraverse of the apparatus through that path.
  • Another object of the invention is to pan and/or tilt a motion picture apparatus at predetermined difierent speeds during predetermined portions of the path of movement thereof.
  • Another object of the invention is to selectively determine any one of a large number of paths of movement of a motion picture apparatus and thereafter automatically move the apparatus through that predetermined path.
  • Another object is to enable the use of a single motor for panning and/or tilting a motion picture apparatus in apredetermined manner.
  • Another object of the invention is to enable the same objective lens to be used for either a camera or a projector while supporting such' camera or projector for movement about an axis passing through the center of the objective lens.
  • Another object of the invention is to remotely control a variable speed transmission device in a predetermined manner.
  • the invention has particular value in the pro duction of split screen type of composite motion pictures wherein. one component of a scene to be projected is first photographed while using a mask to mask off a certain area of the image of the scene on the negative film. While a different component of the-scene is being photographed on the same or a different negative film in a subsequent operation, a mask complementary to the one previously used is employed to mask off the area of the image of the second component corresponding to the area already photographed.
  • a mask complementary to the one previously used is employed to mask off the area of the image of the second component corresponding to the area already photographed.
  • the final composite film of the negative film or films- is obtained.
  • the two components of the scene portrayed thereon will appear to have been photographed at the same time and will appear to be photographed of a single unitary scene.
  • This type of photographic operation -enables one component of the scene to be an actual full size or miniature set while the other component is a painting or picture.
  • pictures of the above type have the apparatus, as illustrated in Fig. 2, showing been obtainable only in cases where the camera has been held stationary during the photographic operation.
  • the present invention enables split screen shots of the above type to be made during panning and/or tilting of the camera whereby to increase the dramatic effect of the scene being photographed.
  • Fig. 1 is a front view of the panning and tilting apparatus for panning and/or tilting a mo- 1! tion picture camera or projector in apredetermined path of movement and embodyin the 7 present invention, thisview showing a camera being supported by the apparatus.
  • Fig. 2 is a side view of the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a side view of the upper part only of Fig. 6 is a sectional plan view of part of the cable drive and is taken along the line 8-6 of Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 7 is, a sectional plan view through the base of the-panning and tilting apparatus and is taken substantially along the line 1-1 of Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 8 is a sectional view through one of the cable tensioning adjustments and is taken along the line 8-8 of Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 9 isa sectional view through the clutch (0 for coupling the control drum to the motor drive.
  • Fig. 10 is a sectional view through the main 7 speed transmission and reversing mechanism and is taken along the line Ill-l0 of Fig. 11.
  • Fig. 11 is a transverse sectional view through the speed transmission and is taken along the line ll-
  • Fig. 12 is a transverse sectional view throu h the reversing mechanism and is taken along the line
  • Fig. 13 is a fragmentary sectional view through the reversing mechanism and is taken along the line "-43 of Fig. 12.
  • Fig. 14 is a sectional view through one of the speed reduction units for driving the control drum at a reduced speed and is taken along the line ll-ll of. Fig. 7.
  • Fig. 15 is a sectional plan view through the the control drum and one of a bank of switches operated thereby.
  • Fig. 18 is a view, partly in section, of the differential drive and tilt limit switch mechanism and is taken along the line lC-ll of Fig. 19.
  • Fig. 19 is a sectional elevational view taken along the line
  • Figs. 20 to 24, inclusive are diagrammatic views of different sections clone of the remotely controlled speed change gear transmissions for controlling the panning and tilting movement of the apparatus.
  • Fig. 25 is a sectional view of one bank of manually operated switches for controlling the operation of one of the panning and tilting-change speed transmissions.
  • Fig. 26 is a transverse sectional view, with parts broken away, through the bank of switches illustrated in Fig. 25 and is taken along the line 26- 26 of that figure.
  • Fig. 27 is a fragmentary sectional view illustrating the non-positive operation of one of the driving or stopping plungers and the disc engaged .thereby, incorporated in the panning and tilting change speed transmissions.
  • Fig. 28 is a sectional view of the panning change speed transmission and is taken along the line 28-28 of Fig. 7.
  • Fig. 29 is a rear view of the change speed transmission shown in Fig. 28, and is taken along the line 29-29 of that figure.
  • Fig. 30 is a sectionalview through one of the drive units of the change speed transmission and is taken along the line 3MB of Fig. 28.
  • Fig. 31 is a schematic circuit diagram illustrating the relays and circuit connections therefor for the manual and automatic remote control of the panningand tilting change speed transmissions.
  • Fig. 32 is a transverse, sectional view through the cradle and a motion picture camera supported e y- Y v Fig. 33 is a sectional view" through part of the focusing adjustment for a motion picture camera or projector and is taken along the line 33-33 of Fig.32..
  • Fig. 34 is a schematicircuit diagram' of the motor system and controls thYr'efolr,
  • Fig. 35 is a plan viewyof the'pannlng and tilt.- ing apparatus with a projector thereonforprojecting a picture on a sensitized surface.
  • Fig. 36 is a sectional elevational view of aprojector supported on the cradle.
  • Figs. 37 to 4 2, inclusive illustrate a method in-, volving the use of the apparatus. of this-invention for obtaining a pan shot from a physical set to a painting.
  • Fig. 37 is a perspective view of the physical set and camera arranged in front there-p of.
  • Fig. 38 is a front view of a sensitized sheet of paper having a latent image of the set shown in Fig. 37 impressed thereon;
  • Fig. 39 is a front view of the sheet of Fig. 38 after being developed and with a supplementary painting or drawing I formed thereon.
  • Figs. 40, 41 and 42 are fragusing the apparatus of this invention. to obtain a composite picture involving panning from a full sized set to a miniature set.
  • Figs. 43 and 44 are fragmentary portions of a motion picture film showing photographic images produced thereon in the course of this method.
  • Figs. 47 and 48 illustrate a method of using the apparatus of this invention for panning and tilting from one full sized set to another while supplying in a separate step a painting, or the like, supplementary to and conjoining said full sized sets.
  • Figs. 49 and 50 illustrate a method involving the use of the apparatus of this invention for panning and tilting from a full sized set to a miniature set, or the like.
  • Figs. 51 and 52 illustrate two different methods of using the apparatus f this invention for obtaining tilt shots without panning.
  • Figs. 53 to 58, inclusive illustrate a method involving the use of the apparatus of this invention for obtaining a composite shot which includes pan and tilt movement eparately and in combination and wherein the c posite shot involves afull sized scene involvin action, a supplementary full sized set involvin action, a miniature set involving action and painting or drawing supplementing the full sized set.
  • Figs. 59 to 62 illustrate the use of the apparatus of this invention in combination with a matt movablewith the camera for obtaining double exposure shots.
  • Fig. 63 is a sectional view of-the camera motor adapter and clutch and is taken along the line 63-83 of Fig. 2.
  • Support I 3 is movable about a vertical pan axis on a base generally indicated at ll, the vertical pan axis also intersecting the nodal point of emergence of the lens 9.
  • the cradle ill and support ll comprise a power head formovably supporting the camera ll or'projector l2.
  • a pan shaft ii for causing a panning movement of the apparatusand a tilt shaft l6 for causing a tilting movement of the apparatus in a manner described hereinafter are driven through change speed transmissions l1 and I8, respectively, by a single motor l9.
  • a control drum 20, rotatably mounted in the base H, is also driven by the motor l9 at a constant speed and has an array of holes therein into which pins are adapted to be set in a predetermined order depending on the particular V the end of a tumbler lever 4
  • the motor I9 drives a transversely extending spindle 25 through a pair of spiral gears 28.
  • Spindle 25 is joumalled in a bearing 25' mounted on a bracket extending from the floor 23 and is also joumalled in bearings 21 and 28 formed in the walls of a combined speed change and reversing mechanism, generally indicated at 29, (Figs. 10 to 13, inclusive).
  • Mechanism 29 is mounted on'the floor 23 of base I4.
  • a hand wheel 39 (Fig. 'l) is provided on theend of spindle 25 to enable manual rotation of spindle 25 when desired.
  • fixed on spindle 25 meshes with a similar gear 32 secured on a counter shaft 33, journalled in bearings formed in the casing 53 of the change speed mechanism 29.
  • Shaft 33 has secured thereon a bearing as provided in the wall of the housing 54.
  • a gear 89 secured on shaft 51 within the housing 54 remains in constant mesh-with a pair of idler gears 8
  • Lever 85 is joumalled, on annular shoulder 58 (Figs. 10 and 13) extending outwardly from the wall of housing 53 to form a bearing which surrounds the shaft 51.
  • the lever 85 extendsthrough an aperture 68 formed in the top wall of housing 54 and has a handle 19 secured thereto, similar to that of 45, for shifting the lever 85 back and forth.
  • Handle 19 has a spring pressed plunger 1
  • extends through an opening 53 of the casing with any of the various drive gears 34 to 38, in-
  • the handle 45 comprises a plunger 41 (Fig. 11) pressed inwardly by a compression spring 48 into one of a series of apertures 49 formed in the outer wall of casing 53.
  • An outer sleeve 59 is secured to the end of plunger 41 to cause the same to be retracted when the sleeve 59 is drawn outwardly.
  • the gear sleeve .42 may be slid longitudinally along the shaft 43 to align and mesh the tumbler gear 39 with any desired one of the drive gears 34 to 38, inclusive, to thereby drive the apparatus at a desired speed.
  • the plunger 48 is then allowed to be pressed inwardly by the spring 48 into a corresponding one of the apertures 49 to lock the tumbler gear 39 in mesh with the corresponding drive gear.
  • the shaft 43 is joumalled in bearings 5I and 52 provided in the opposite walls of casing 53 and extends into a reversing gear housing 54 suitably secured to the transmission housing 53.
  • a drive gear 55 holes 12 and 13 (Fig. 12).
  • Control drum drive The drive shaft 51 extends through a gear box 15, also mounted on the floor 23 of the base I4, and is joumalled in bearings 16 and 11 formed in the casing of a speed eduction unit generally indicated at 18 (Figs. '1, 14 and 15) for driving the control drum 29 at a reduced speed.
  • a worm 89 fixed on the shaft 51in the casing of unit 18 meshes with a worm wheel 8
  • a worm 85 also fixed to the vertical shaft 82, meshes with a worm wheel 85 fixed on a horizontal shaft 81 which is joumalled in bearings 88 and 89 of the casing.
  • the casing of the speed reduction unit 18 is supported from the floor 23.
  • the shaft 81 extends outside of the unit 18 and is journaled in ⁇ ; bearing formed in a driven clutch member I92.
  • a clutch member 99 is slidably keyed at 9I to the shaft 81 for movement longitudinally therealong bifurcated clutch shifting lever 94.
  • Lever 94 is secured on the end of shaft 43 within the housing pivotally mounted on a vertical shaft 95 extending from a bracket 99 (Fig. 2) projecting from the floor 23 and isprovided with a handl 95 whereby the clutch plate 99 may be moved longitudinally along the shaft 81 against the action of a compression spring 91, one end of which abuts a sleeve 98 fixed to shaft 81.
  • Clutch plate 99 has a single pin I99 extending therefrom and en-' gageable in an aperture !9I formed in the driven clutch plate I92.
  • Clutch plate I92 is fixed to theend of a stub shaft I93 joumalled in a bearing the hubs H9 and III of drum 29 secured thereto.
  • the control drum 20 When the handle 35 is moved counter-clock- ..wise to disengage the pin I from the aperture IOI in the driven clutch plate I02, the control drum 20 is free to be rotated independently of the motor drive therefor to enable the various pins 2
  • a hand wheel II2 secured to the drum shaft I01 is provided for this purpose.
  • the drum 20 is normally covered for protection by means 01' a cover I I3 hinged to the base I4 at H4 and H5 (Figs. land 2) and normally secured in closed position by suitable locking screws Hi.
  • cover II3 When it is desired to change the variouspins 2I (Figs. 4 and 17) the cover II3 may be removed from its closed position enabling access to the surface of the control drum 20.
  • the tilting group I2I is divided into two sub-groups of holes; one subgroup I23 for controlling the tilting movement upwardly, and the other sub-group I24 for controlling the tilting movement of the apparatus downwardly.
  • the panning group I22 is divided into two sub-groups, one sub-group I25 for controlling the leftward panning movement of the apparatus, and the other sub-group I26 for' controlling th rightward panning movement of the apparatus.
  • Each of the sub-groups of holes I23, I24, I25 and I26 is divided into five sets of pairs as at I28A, I268, I26C, etc.,. each of these pair being aligned in a circumferential extending column for controlling the movement of the apparatus in a particular direction and at a particular speed which is noted (as at I21) directly above each pair.
  • the speed notations are calibrated in degrees of turning movement of the apparatus (about the pan or tilt axis) per foot of film traversed through the camera or projector, assuming that the change speed mechanism 29 is set for a certain standard speed.
  • the column of holes I26A enables control (when pins are provided therein) of a certain driving mechanism or unit A (to be described hereinafter) in vals for the purpose of manual control of the apparatus in a manner described hereinafter.
  • a pin when placed in a right hand hold in one of the circumferential columns I26A, 125B, etc. of holes, causes (when this pin closes the respective one of the bank of switches 22) the respective drive unit A, B, etc., to be energized to start the apparatus in the corresponding direc tion and at the corresponding speed noted at I21 for this particular column.
  • a pin when placed in a lefthand hole in one or the circumferential columns I26A, I263, etc. of holes, causes (when this pin closes the respective one of the bank of switches 22) the respective drive unit A, B, etc., to be disengaged, assuming that this respective unit has been previously energized, thereby discontinuing movement of the apparatus in that particular direction and at that particular speed.
  • one of the bank of switches 22 is provided in alignment with a different one of the circumferentially extending rows of holes in drum 20.
  • Each of these switches the speed transmission unit I1 to pan the camera or projector leftwardly, at a rate of speed of for each foot of film, about the vertical pan axis.
  • the column of holes I25L enables control of the driving unitL to tilt the apparatus upwardly at a tilting speed of per foot of film about the horizontal tilt axis.
  • the column of holes I26R enables control of the driving unit R to tilt the apparatus downwardly at a tilting speed of 36 per foot of film.
  • a circumferential row of permanently positioned pins I30 are positioned around the "circumference of the drum 20 and in alignment with the various horizontal rows I20 of holes therein to intermittently operate a switch 22X, in the nisms I1 and I8, respectively.
  • the gear box 15 has a spiral gear I45 therein secured on the drive shaft 51 which meshes with a similar spiral gear I46 secured on a shaft I41 for driving both the panning and tilting mecha- Shaft I41 is and I49 formed in the casing of the gear box 15 and is journalled at the other end in bearings I50 and I5I formed in the casing I52 of a gear reduction unit I52, supported from the floor 23.
  • the end I53 of shaft I41 has a square shank formed therein whereby it may be rotated manually by a suitable crank (not shown) i the base I4 co-axial with shaft I41.
  • a worm I55 (Fig. 16) is secured on the shaft I41 within the casing I52 and meshes with a worm wheel I56 secured ona shaft I51 journalled in bearings provided in the casing I62.
  • a spiral gear I58 is secured on the end of shaft I51, extending outside of the casing I52, and meshes with a similar gear I68 secured on a shaft I6I journalled in outboard bearings I62 and. I63 secured on the face of the gear casing I52.
  • Shaft I6I is journalled at the other end thereof in a bearing 'I64 supported by the casings I65 and I66 of the change speed transmissions I1 and I8, respectively.
  • a gear I61 secured on shaft I6I meshes with gears I68 and I18 secured on the ends of drive shafts HI and- I12, respectively, forming the driving means for the change speed mechanisms I1 and I8, re-
  • shaft I1I is journalled in bearings I13 and I14 formed in the end walls of the casing I65 and has a set of drive gears I15, I16, I11, I18, and I19 of pro-" gressively increasing pitch diameters secured in spaced relation with each other thereon; These gears mesh with driven gears I15a, "Ba, "10., "Ba and I19a, respectively, forming part of individual upper drive members or units A, B, C, D and E, respectively. These various units are all independently journalled on an upper shaft clusive, are identical with each other and therefore only one (the one E connected to gear I19a) will be described in detail.
  • the drive unit E comprises an annular drum I81 journalled on the shaft I8I and secured by screws I88 to the respective gear Him.
  • the drum I81 has a pro- .jection I98 (Fig. 30) thereon forming a cup or socket I9I therein to receive the energizing coil I92 of a solenoid assembly.
  • a cap member I93 threadably secured in the cup I9I holds the coil I92 in place and has a sliding bearing aperture formed centrally therein to receive and slidably guide a plunger 095E.
  • Plunger I95E is threadably secured to a cup shaped armature I99 at one end thereof.
  • Armature I99 is slidably fitted in a bearing I96 formed in the drum I81 and is movable against the action of a compression spring I91 interposed between armature I99 and the drum I81, on energization of the coil I92, to-rnove the plunger I95E toward the right;
  • a disc ISBE secured to the shaft, I8I directly adjacent the gear I19a has an aperture 288E formed therein which is adapted to be engaged by the plunger I95E when moved to the right on energization of coil I92, thereby'coupling the gear I'Hla to shaft I8I to drive the same.
  • 'A-ring 28I of insulating material is securely fitted on the periphery of the drum I81 and has a pair of spaced conductor slip rings 282 and 283 secured in circumferential grooves formed therein.
  • Conductors 284 and 285 connect the slip rings 282 and 283 to the opposite ends of the energizing 011 I92.
  • Terminal block 2I8 is fitted in a socket formed in the top wall of the casing I65.
  • Brushes 286 and 281 are resiliently urged against the slip rings 282 and 283, respectively,
  • a flexible conductor (not shown) is connected between each of the brushes 286 and 281 and its respective one of the screws 2I3' and 2I4, to insure a good electrical connection between the brushes and their respective conductors 2
  • the conductors 2H and 2I2 are provided in a circuit controlled by one of the bank of switches 22 in a manner described hereinafter whereby to cause the gear I19a (driven at a particular speed determined by the ratio between gears I19 and H911) to be coupled to the disc I98E and thus drive shaft I8I.
  • the various units A, B, C and D although identical with the above mentioned unit E, are adapted, when energized, to rotate the shaft I8I in the same-direction but at different speeds due to the different ratios between the constantly rotating gears I15, I16, I11, I18, I19, and the gears I15a, I16a, I11a, I18a, I19a, respectively.
  • the lower units F, G, H, J and K are also identical with the unit E to drive the shaft I84 in the same direction (and in the same direction as shaft I8I) but at different speeds, which speeds, incidentally, are the .base I4 by bolts 2I1.
  • the support I3 comprises a circular base 2I5 rotatably supported on a circular table 2I6 secured to the A race of ball thrust bearings 2I8 concentric with table 2I6 rotatably supports the base 2I5 on top of table 2I6.
  • a circular skirt 228 extending over the race of ball bearings 2I8 lies in juxtaposition with a flat surface 22I formed on the table member 2i 6.
  • a continuous band of felt 222, 'or the like, forming a sealing member to prevent the entrance of dirt, dust, or the like, into the ball bearings 2I8 is secured in a continuous channel formed in the bottom of the skirt 228 and rides in engagement with the flat surface 22I.
  • the remainder of the support I3 comprises

Description

Aug. 18, 1942. c, sKm ETAL 2,293,207
APPARATUS FOR PANNING AND/OR TILTING MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS Filed Aug. 25, 1959 15 Sheets-Shet 1 INVENTOR5 51020! C. HASKIN ALBERT W. Tcwaemu HEP/WAN C. Mum anc/v g-18,19 2. B. c HASKIN Em 2,293 207 APPARATUS FOR PANNING AND/OR TiLTING MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS Filed Aug. 25, 1939 15 Sheets-Sheet 2 1N VENTOR5 Brmv C. Has/(0v ALAERT w. Tan/P125790 BY HEAMM/ c. MUHLBACH PY/LUAM FAR/v07 W ATTORNEY.
.Aug. 18, 1942. B. HASKIN ETAL APPARATUS FOR PANNING AND/OR TILTING MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS l5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Aug. 25, 1939 m w M f v w p a 2 M a a Q a 4 M 0 1 M2 3 H E 5 5 .H l u w m M INVENTORS YPOIV HAsIr/N 2 m w -2:, BY 93 2 4 F' 0 7 ATTORNEY Aug. 18, 1942. a. c. HASKIN ETAL APPARATUS FOR PANNING AND/OR TILTING MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS l5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Aug. 25, 1939 INVENTORS BYIPaN C. Man/N MEET W TONDPEAU BY HEPMAA gMl HMH WILL/AM .A/P/VPT ATTORNEY APPARATUS FOR PANNING AND/OR TILTING MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS B. c HASKIN EI'AL 15 Sheets-Sheat 8 Filed Aug. 25, 1959 FIELZ 8.
BY Hm? ATTORNEY r w F A I z A mf lulll ||L||4| l I I M J I E 1 Wm 1 t n. E F m f r P w x J r 1 2 (x 13,1942- B. c. HASKIN El AL 2,293,207"
APPARATUS FOR PANNING AND/OR TILTING MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS Filed Aug.v 25, 1959 15 Sheets-Sheet 9 Y WM MurggAc/v ATTORNE B. C. HASKIN ETAL APPARATUS FOR PANNING AND/OR TIL'IING MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS Filed Aug. 25, 1959 15 Sheets-Sheet 10 ATTORNEY Aug. 18, 1942.
B. c. HASKIN ETAL 2,293,207
APPARATUS FOR PANNING AND/OR TILTING MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS Filed Aug. 25, 1939 15 Sheets-Sheet l1 F'IEJSE.
IN v WWW wtkrm TI'ORNEY 1942- B. c. HAS'KIN ETAL 2,293,207
APPARATUS FOR PANNING AND/OR TILTING MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS Filed Aug. 25, 1939 '15 Sheets-Sheet 12 INV NTOR S M-TTTORNEY" J Aug. 18, 1942. a. c. HASKIN ETAL APPARATUS FOR PANNING AND/OR TILTING MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS Filed Aug. *25, 1939 15 Sheets-Sheet 15 FIEAE.
n E w m /J F E 4 .JT 7 a; 4 M m INVENTOR5 firm C. Hnmu ALBCRT W 7b/vmnw Hremwc Mumwn Mum FAQ/var ATTORNEY.
8,19 2- B. c. HASKIN HAL 2,293,201
APPARATUS FOR PANNING AND/OR TILTING MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS Filed Aug. 25, 1959 15 Sheets-Sheet 14 ATTORNEY.
Aug. 18, 1942. a. c. HASKIN ETAL APPARATUS FOR PANNING AND/OR TILTING MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS Filed Aug. 25, 1939 15 Sheets-Sheet l5 IINVENTORS Draw/v C. man/M ALsnz-r W Town-Au BY Hzwmv C. NUHLBACH mm FAR/V07 ATTORNEY.
Patented Aug. 18, 1942 arrsaa'rus FORPANNING AND/R 'rmrme MOTION rro'rnaa APPARATUS Byron C. Haskin and Albert W. Tondreau, Beverly Hills, and Herman (L'Muhlbach and William Frederick Arndt, Los Angeies, Calii'., assignors to Warner Bros. Pictures, Inc., New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application August 25. 1939, Serial No. 291,884
37 Claims.
This invention relates to motion-picture apparatus and has particular reference to apparatus for automatically or manually panning and/or tilting a camera, projector or the like motion picture apparatus.
One object of the invention is to move a motion picture apparatus in a predetermined path.
A further object of the invention is to pan and/or tilt a motion picture apparatus in a predetermined path any number of times while insuring that the same field of view is presented to each successive film frame area during eachtraverse of the apparatus through that path.
Another object of the invention is to pan and/or tilt a motion picture apparatus at predetermined difierent speeds during predetermined portions of the path of movement thereof.
Another object of the invention is to selectively determine any one of a large number of paths of movement of a motion picture apparatus and thereafter automatically move the apparatus through that predetermined path.
Another object is to enable the use of a single motor for panning and/or tilting a motion picture apparatus in apredetermined manner.
Another object of the invention is to enable the same objective lens to be used for either a camera or a projector while supporting such' camera or projector for movement about an axis passing through the center of the objective lens. Another object of the invention is to remotely control a variable speed transmission device in a predetermined manner.
The invention has particular value in the pro duction of split screen type of composite motion pictures wherein. one component of a scene to be projected is first photographed while using a mask to mask off a certain area of the image of the scene on the negative film. While a different component of the-scene is being photographed on the same or a different negative film in a subsequent operation, a mask complementary to the one previously used is employed to mask off the area of the image of the second component corresponding to the area already photographed. When the final composite film of the negative film or films-is obtained. the two components of the scene portrayed thereon will appear to have been photographed at the same time and will appear to be photographed of a single unitary scene. This type of photographic operation-enables one component of the scene to be an actual full size or miniature set while the other component is a painting or picture.
Heretofore, pictures of the above type have the apparatus, as illustrated in Fig. 2, showing been obtainable only in cases where the camera has been held stationary during the photographic operation. The present invention enables split screen shots of the above type to be made during panning and/or tilting of the camera whereby to increase the dramatic effect of the scene being photographed.
The manner in which the above and other objects of the invention are accomplished will be readily understood on reference to the following specification read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
Fig. 1 is a front view of the panning and tilting apparatus for panning and/or tilting a mo- 1! tion picture camera or projector in apredetermined path of movement and embodyin the 7 present invention, thisview showing a camera being supported by the apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a side view of the upper part only of Fig. 6 is a sectional plan view of part of the cable drive and is taken along the line 8-6 of Fig. 4. I
Fig. 7 is, a sectional plan view through the base of the-panning and tilting apparatus and is taken substantially along the line 1-1 of Fig. 4. Fig. 8 is a sectional view through one of the cable tensioning adjustments and is taken along the line 8-8 of Fig. 4.
Fig. 9 isa sectional view through the clutch (0 for coupling the control drum to the motor drive.
Fig. 10 is a sectional view through the main 7 speed transmission and reversing mechanism and is taken along the line Ill-l0 of Fig. 11.
Fig. 11 is a transverse sectional view through the speed transmission and is taken along the line ll-|i of Fig. 10.
Fig. 12 is a transverse sectional view throu h the reversing mechanism and is taken along the line |z of Fig.10.
Fig. 13 is a fragmentary sectional view through the reversing mechanism and is taken along the line "-43 of Fig. 12.
Fig. 14 is a sectional view through one of the speed reduction units for driving the control drum at a reduced speed and is taken along the line ll-ll of. Fig. 7.
Fig. 15 is a sectional plan view through the the control drum and one of a bank of switches operated thereby.
Fig. 18 is a view, partly in section, of the differential drive and tilt limit switch mechanism and is taken along the line lC-ll of Fig. 19.
Fig. 19 is a sectional elevational view taken along the line |9i9 of Fig. 18.
Figs. 20 to 24, inclusive, are diagrammatic views of different sections clone of the remotely controlled speed change gear transmissions for controlling the panning and tilting movement of the apparatus.
Fig. 25 is a sectional view of one bank of manually operated switches for controlling the operation of one of the panning and tilting-change speed transmissions.
Fig. 26 is a transverse sectional view, with parts broken away, through the bank of switches illustrated in Fig. 25 and is taken along the line 26- 26 of that figure.
Fig. 27 is a fragmentary sectional view illustrating the non-positive operation of one of the driving or stopping plungers and the disc engaged .thereby, incorporated in the panning and tilting change speed transmissions.
Fig. 28 is a sectional view of the panning change speed transmission and is taken along the line 28-28 of Fig. 7.
Fig. 29 is a rear view of the change speed transmission shown in Fig. 28, and is taken along the line 29-29 of that figure.
Fig. 30 is a sectionalview through one of the drive units of the change speed transmission and is taken along the line 3MB of Fig. 28.
Fig. 31 is a schematic circuit diagram illustrating the relays and circuit connections therefor for the manual and automatic remote control of the panningand tilting change speed transmissions.
Fig. 32 is a transverse, sectional view through the cradle and a motion picture camera supported e y- Y v Fig. 33 is a sectional view" through part of the focusing adjustment for a motion picture camera or projector and is taken along the line 33-33 of Fig.32..
Fig. 34 is a schematicircuit diagram' of the motor system and controls thYr'efolr,
Fig. 35 is a plan viewyof the'pannlng and tilt.- ing apparatus with a projector thereonforprojecting a picture on a sensitized surface. 1
Fig. 36 is a sectional elevational view of aprojector supported on the cradle.
Figs. 37 to 4 2, inclusive,"illustrate a method in-, volving the use of the apparatus. of this-invention for obtaining a pan shot from a physical set to a painting. Fig. 37 is a perspective view of the physical set and camera arranged in front there-p of. Fig. 38 is a front view of a sensitized sheet of paper having a latent image of the set shown in Fig. 37 impressed thereon; Fig. 39 is a front view of the sheet of Fig. 38 after being developed and with a supplementary painting or drawing I formed thereon. Figs. 40, 41 and 42 are fragusing the apparatus of this invention. to obtain a composite picture involving panning from a full sized set to a miniature set. 43 illustrates a full sized set and-camera arranged in front thereof for panning movement thereacross. Fig. 44 illustrates a miniature set and camera arranged in front thereof for panning movement thereacross. Figs. 45 and 46 are fragmentary portions of a motion picture film showing photographic images produced thereon in the course of this method.
Figs. 47 and 48 illustrate a method of using the apparatus of this invention for panning and tilting from one full sized set to another while supplying in a separate step a painting, or the like, supplementary to and conjoining said full sized sets.
Figs. 49 and 50 illustrate a method involving the use of the apparatus of this invention for panning and tilting from a full sized set to a miniature set, or the like.
Figs. 51 and 52 illustrate two different methods of using the apparatus f this invention for obtaining tilt shots without panning.
Figs. 53 to 58, inclusive, illustrate a method involving the use of the apparatus of this invention for obtaining a composite shot which includes pan and tilt movement eparately and in combination and wherein the c posite shot involves afull sized scene involvin action, a supplementary full sized set involvin action, a miniature set involving action and painting or drawing supplementing the full sized set.
Figs. 59 to 62 illustrate the use of the apparatus of this invention in combination with a matt movablewith the camera for obtaining double exposure shots.
Fig. 63 is a sectional view of-the camera motor adapter and clutch and is taken along the line 63-83 of Fig. 2. v
General assembly the nodal point of emergence of the objective lens 9 for either the camera II or the projector l2. Support I 3 is movable about a vertical pan axis on a base generally indicated at ll, the vertical pan axis also intersecting the nodal point of emergence of the lens 9. The cradle ill and support ll comprise a power head formovably supporting the camera ll or'projector l2.
A pan shaft ii for causing a panning movement of the apparatusand a tilt shaft l6 for causing a tilting movement of the apparatus in a manner described hereinafter are driven through change speed transmissions l1 and I8, respectively, by a single motor l9.
A control drum 20, rotatably mounted in the base H, is also driven by the motor l9 at a constant speed and has an array of holes therein into which pins are adapted to be set in a predetermined order depending on the particular V the end of a tumbler lever 4|.
various pins, as at 2I (Fig. 4) operate a bank of switches generally indicated at 22 (Fig. 1'1) which The motor I9 is supported upon the iloor 23 1 (Fig. '1) of the base I4 and is adapted to be stopped against rotation by a brake, generally indicated at 24, of the electro-magnetic type,
well known in the art, which brakes the motor I9 when no current is passed through the energizing coil thereof. The motor I9 drives a transversely extending spindle 25 through a pair of spiral gears 28. Spindle 25 is joumalled in a bearing 25' mounted on a bracket extending from the floor 23 and is also joumalled in bearings 21 and 28 formed in the walls of a combined speed change and reversing mechanism, generally indicated at 29, (Figs. 10 to 13, inclusive). Mechanism 29 is mounted on'the floor 23 of base I4. A hand wheel 39 (Fig. 'l) is provided on theend of spindle 25 to enable manual rotation of spindle 25 when desired.
Referring to Figs. 10 and 11, a gear 3| fixed on spindle 25 meshes with a similar gear 32 secured on a counter shaft 33, journalled in bearings formed in the casing 53 of the change speed mechanism 29. Shaft 33 has secured thereon a bearing as provided in the wall of the housing 54. A gear 89 secured on shaft 51 within the housing 54 remains in constant mesh-with a pair of idler gears 8| and 82 joumalled on stub shafts 83 and 54, respectively, provided on the forked ends of a reversing lever 85. Lever 85 is joumalled, on annular shoulder 58 (Figs. 10 and 13) extending outwardly from the wall of housing 53 to form a bearing which surrounds the shaft 51. The lever 85 extendsthrough an aperture 68 formed in the top wall of housing 54 and has a handle 19 secured thereto, similar to that of 45, for shifting the lever 85 back and forth.
Handle 19 has a spring pressed plunger 1| 5 therein adapted to fit into either of a pair of number of drive gears 34, 35,38, 31 and 38 of progressively increasing diameters, any of which is adapted to mesh with a tumbler gear 39 rotatably mounted on a stub shaft 49 mounted on Lever -4| is journalled on a gear sleeve 42,'slidably keyed at 42' to a shaft 43, and having formed thereon a gear 44 in constant mesh with the tumbler gear 39. A handle 45 forming part of the tumbler lever 4| extends through an opening 53 of the casing with any of the various drive gears 34 to 38, in-
clusive, whereby to drive the shaft 43 at different speeds.
The handle 45 comprises a plunger 41 (Fig. 11) pressed inwardly by a compression spring 48 into one of a series of apertures 49 formed in the outer wall of casing 53. An outer sleeve 59 is secured to the end of plunger 41 to cause the same to be retracted when the sleeve 59 is drawn outwardly. By retracting the sleeve 59 and moving the handle 45 sideways, the gear sleeve .42 may be slid longitudinally along the shaft 43 to align and mesh the tumbler gear 39 with any desired one of the drive gears 34 to 38, inclusive, to thereby drive the apparatus at a desired speed.
The plunger 48 is then allowed to be pressed inwardly by the spring 48 into a corresponding one of the apertures 49 to lock the tumbler gear 39 in mesh with the corresponding drive gear.
Referring now to Figs. 10, 12 and 13, the shaft 43 is joumalled in bearings 5I and 52 provided in the opposite walls of casing 53 and extends into a reversing gear housing 54 suitably secured to the transmission housing 53. A drive gear 55 holes 12 and 13 (Fig. 12). When the handle 19 is moved-into the position shown in Fig. 12 to engage plunger H with hole 12, the idler gear II will be brought into mesh with the drive gear to transmit rotation to the shaft 51 in a forward direction- When the handle 19 is moved to the right to engage the plunger 1| in 'thehole 13, the idler gear 82 will be brought into mesh with the idler gear 59. Due to the fact that the gear train is now increased by one, the shaft 51 will be rotated in a reverse direction. In the .reverse Position of the lever 85, the handle 19 engages and closes the contacts of a switch 14, the operation of which will be described hereinafter.
Control drum drive The drive shaft 51 extends through a gear box 15, also mounted on the floor 23 of the base I4, and is joumalled in bearings 16 and 11 formed in the casing of a speed eduction unit generally indicated at 18 (Figs. '1, 14 and 15) for driving the control drum 29 at a reduced speed. A worm 89 fixed on the shaft 51in the casing of unit 18 meshes with a worm wheel 8| fixed on the lower end ,of a vertical stub shaft 82 journailed in bearings 83 and 84 formed in the top and bottom walls, respectively, of the casing. A worm 85, also fixed to the vertical shaft 82, meshes with a worm wheel 85 fixed on a horizontal shaft 81 which is joumalled in bearings 88 and 89 of the casing. The casing of the speed reduction unit 18 is supported from the floor 23.
Referring to Figs. 7 and 9, the shaft 81 extends outside of the unit 18 and is journaled in}; bearing formed in a driven clutch member I92. A clutch member 99 is slidably keyed at 9I to the shaft 81 for movement longitudinally therealong bifurcated clutch shifting lever 94. Lever 94 is secured on the end of shaft 43 within the housing pivotally mounted on a vertical shaft 95 extending from a bracket 99 (Fig. 2) projecting from the floor 23 and isprovided with a handl 95 whereby the clutch plate 99 may be moved longitudinally along the shaft 81 against the action of a compression spring 91, one end of which abuts a sleeve 98 fixed to shaft 81. Clutch plate 99 has a single pin I99 extending therefrom and en-' gageable in an aperture !9I formed in the driven clutch plate I92. Clutch plate I92 is fixed to theend of a stub shaft I93 joumalled in a bearing the hubs H9 and III of drum 29 secured thereto.
When the handle 35 is moved counter-clock- ..wise to disengage the pin I from the aperture IOI in the driven clutch plate I02, the control drum 20 is free to be rotated independently of the motor drive therefor to enable the various pins 2| iobe. set or removed. A hand wheel II2 secured to the drum shaft I01 is provided for this purpose.
The drum 20 is normally covered for protection by means 01' a cover I I3 hinged to the base I4 at H4 and H5 (Figs. land 2) and normally secured in closed position by suitable locking screws Hi. When it is desired to change the variouspins 2I (Figs. 4 and 17) the cover II3 may be removed from its closed position enabling access to the surface of the control drum 20.
Control drum and switches controlled thereby for the purpose of controlling the panning movement of the apparatus. The tilting group I2I is divided into two sub-groups of holes; one subgroup I23 for controlling the tilting movement upwardly, and the other sub-group I24 for controlling the tilting movement of the apparatus downwardly. Likewise, the panning group I22 is divided into two sub-groups, one sub-group I25 for controlling the leftward panning movement of the apparatus, and the other sub-group I26 for' controlling th rightward panning movement of the apparatus.
Each of the sub-groups of holes I23, I24, I25 and I26 is divided into five sets of pairs as at I28A, I268, I26C, etc.,. each of these pair being aligned in a circumferential extending column for controlling the movement of the apparatus in a particular direction and at a particular speed which is noted (as at I21) directly above each pair. The speed notations are calibrated in degrees of turning movement of the apparatus (about the pan or tilt axis) per foot of film traversed through the camera or projector, assuming that the change speed mechanism 29 is set for a certain standard speed. Thus, the column of holes I26A enables control (when pins are provided therein) of a certain driving mechanism or unit A (to be described hereinafter) in vals for the purpose of manual control of the apparatus in a manner described hereinafter.
A pin, when placed in a right hand hold in one of the circumferential columns I26A, 125B, etc. of holes, causes (when this pin closes the respective one of the bank of switches 22) the respective drive unit A, B, etc., to be energized to start the apparatus in the corresponding direc tion and at the corresponding speed noted at I21 for this particular column.
Likewise, a pin, when placed in a lefthand hole in one or the circumferential columns I26A, I263, etc. of holes, causes (when this pin closes the respective one of the bank of switches 22) the respective drive unit A, B, etc., to be disengaged, assuming that this respective unit has been previously energized, thereby discontinuing movement of the apparatus in that particular direction and at that particular speed.
Referring to Figs. 4, 1'7 and 31, one of the bank of switches 22 is provided in alignment with a different one of the circumferentially extending rows of holes in drum 20. Each of these switches the speed transmission unit I1 to pan the camera or projector leftwardly, at a rate of speed of for each foot of film, about the vertical pan axis. Likewise, for example, the column of holes I25L enables control of the driving unitL to tilt the apparatus upwardly at a tilting speed of per foot of film about the horizontal tilt axis. Similarly, for example, the column of holes I26R enables control of the driving unit R to tilt the apparatus downwardly at a tilting speed of 36 per foot of film.
A circumferential row of permanently positioned pins I30 are positioned around the "circumference of the drum 20 and in alignment with the various horizontal rows I20 of holes therein to intermittently operate a switch 22X, in the nisms I1 and I8, respectively.
journalled at one end thereof in bearings I48 bank of aligned switches 22, at equi-timed intercomprises a flexible but stationary contact spring arm I33 and a flexible movable contact spring arm I34 separated by an insulated spacer I35 and secured by a screw I 36 to an insulated block I31, which is secured bya screw I38 to the fioor 23. Screw I38, however, does not contact the spring arm I33. The contact points I40 of the contact arms I33 and I34 are normally apart but are moved into contact to close a circuit between justed, adjusts the position of the respective one of the contact points I40. From the above, it will be readily understood that as the drum 20 is rotated, different ones of the aligned switches in the bank 22 will be momentarily closed in a predetermined-order accordin to the positioning of the various pins (2|) in the array of holes in drum 20.
The spacing of the various horizontal rows I20 of holes and the arrangement of the gear train forrotating drum 20 are such that drum 20 is rotated a distance equal to the spacing between two successive rows I 20 of holes for each foot of film traversed when mechanism '29 is set for the hereinbefore described standard speed. Thus it will be seen that different ones of switches 22 may be operated at the end of each foot of travel of the film or at the end of a film travel equal to a multiple of one foot.
Panning and tilting drive Referring in particular to Figs. 4, 7 and 16, the gear box 15 has a spiral gear I45 therein secured on the drive shaft 51 which meshes with a similar spiral gear I46 secured on a shaft I41 for driving both the panning and tilting mecha- Shaft I41 is and I49 formed in the casing of the gear box 15 and is journalled at the other end in bearings I50 and I5I formed in the casing I52 of a gear reduction unit I52, supported from the floor 23. The end I53 of shaft I41 has a square shank formed therein whereby it may be rotated manually by a suitable crank (not shown) i the base I4 co-axial with shaft I41.
manually as well as by the motorv I9.
A worm I55 (Fig. 16) is secured on the shaft I41 within the casing I52 and meshes with a worm wheel I56 secured ona shaft I51 journalled in bearings provided in the casing I62. A spiral gear I58 is secured on the end of shaft I51, extending outside of the casing I52, and meshes with a similar gear I68 secured on a shaft I6I journalled in outboard bearings I62 and. I63 secured on the face of the gear casing I52. Shaft I6I is journalled at the other end thereof in a bearing 'I64 supported by the casings I65 and I66 of the change speed transmissions I1 and I8, respectively. A gear I61 secured on shaft I6I meshes with gears I68 and I18 secured on the ends of drive shafts HI and- I12, respectively, forming the driving means for the change speed mechanisms I1 and I8, re-
spectively. Panning and. tilting change speed mechanisms The change speed mechanisms I1 and I8 are identical with each other and, for the sake of vbrevity, only one (I1) will be described indetail.
Referring to Figs. 28, 29 and 30, shaft I1I is journalled in bearings I13 and I14 formed in the end walls of the casing I65 and has a set of drive gears I15, I16, I11, I18, and I19 of pro-" gressively increasing pitch diameters secured in spaced relation with each other thereon; These gears mesh with driven gears I15a, "Ba, "10., "Ba and I19a, respectively, forming part of individual upper drive members or units A, B, C, D and E, respectively. These various units are all independently journalled on an upper shaft clusive, are identical with each other and therefore only one (the one E connected to gear I19a) will be described in detail.
Referring to Figs. 2a and so, the drive unit E comprises an annular drum I81 journalled on the shaft I8I and secured by screws I88 to the respective gear Him. The drum I81 has a pro- .jection I98 (Fig. 30) thereon forming a cup or socket I9I therein to receive the energizing coil I92 of a solenoid assembly. A cap member I93 threadably secured in the cup I9I holds the coil I92 in place and has a sliding bearing aperture formed centrally therein to receive and slidably guide a plunger 095E. Plunger I95E is threadably secured to a cup shaped armature I99 at one end thereof. Armature I99 is slidably fitted in a bearing I96 formed in the drum I81 and is movable against the action of a compression spring I91 interposed between armature I99 and the drum I81, on energization of the coil I92, to-rnove the plunger I95E toward the right; A disc ISBE secured to the shaft, I8I directly adjacent the gear I19a has an aperture 288E formed therein which is adapted to be engaged by the plunger I95E when moved to the right on energization of coil I92, thereby'coupling the gear I'Hla to shaft I8I to drive the same.
'A-ring 28I of insulating material is securely fitted on the periphery of the drum I81 and has a pair of spaced conductor slip rings 282 and 283 secured in circumferential grooves formed therein. Conductors 284 and 285 connect the slip rings 282 and 283 to the opposite ends of the energizing 011 I92.
tively, secured in a terminal block 2"] of insulating material. Terminal block 2I8 is fitted in a socket formed in the top wall of the casing I65. Brushes 286 and 281 are resiliently urged against the slip rings 282 and 283, respectively,
by springs provided in the quill bearings 288 and 289 and are electrically connected to conductors 2H and 2I2 by screws 2I3 and 2I4, respectively. Preferably a flexible conductor (not shown) is connected between each of the brushes 286 and 281 and its respective one of the screws 2I3' and 2I4, to insure a good electrical connection between the brushes and their respective conductors 2| I and H2. Thus, when a current is passed through the conductors 2H and 212 the solenoid assembly on drum I81 will be engaged to urge the" plunger I95E against the side of" disc IHBE and to cause the plunger to engage the aperture 288E when this plunger is moved into alignment with that aperture.
The conductors 2H and 2I2 are provided in a circuit controlled by one of the bank of switches 22 in a manner described hereinafter whereby to cause the gear I19a (driven at a particular speed determined by the ratio between gears I19 and H911) to be coupled to the disc I98E and thus drive shaft I8I.
The various units A, B, C and D although identical with the above mentioned unit E, are adapted, when energized, to rotate the shaft I8I in the same-direction but at different speeds due to the different ratios between the constantly rotating gears I15, I16, I11, I18, I19, and the gears I15a, I16a, I11a, I18a, I19a, respectively. Likewise, the lower units F, G, H, J and K are also identical with the unit E to drive the shaft I84 in the same direction (and in the same direction as shaft I8I) but at different speeds, which speeds, incidentally, are the .base I4 by bolts 2I1.
same as the individual speeds of the respective units directly above these lower units. The manner in which these various drive units are controlled by the control drum 28 will be described hereinafter.
Panning drive Referring to Figs. 1, 2 and 4, the support I3 comprises a circular base 2I5 rotatably supported on a circular table 2I6 secured to the A race of ball thrust bearings 2I8 concentric with table 2I6 rotatably supports the base 2I5 on top of table 2I6. A circular skirt 228 extending over the race of ball bearings 2I8 lies in juxtaposition with a flat surface 22I formed on the table member 2i 6. A continuous band of felt 222, 'or the like, forming a sealing member to prevent the entrance of dirt, dust, or the like, into the ball bearings 2I8 is secured in a continuous channel formed in the bottom of the skirt 228 and rides in engagement with the flat surface 22I.
The remainder of the support I3 comprises
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2473736A (en) * 1946-05-22 1949-06-21 Stern Nathan Saliy Microfilm reader and projecting apparatus
US2648252A (en) * 1948-09-17 1953-08-11 Paramount Pictures Corp Control of camera-subject motion in motion-picture photography
US2687668A (en) * 1949-10-17 1954-08-31 Loew S Inc Apparatus for duplicating motionpicture shots
US2822720A (en) * 1951-08-01 1958-02-11 Douglas Newhall Method of image reproduction and control
US3209136A (en) * 1963-05-28 1965-09-28 Fisher Jules Remote control movement system including a unit for variably positioning a light source device and a controller therefor
US3399614A (en) * 1965-06-15 1968-09-03 George J. Fischer Remotely controlled mounts
US3592429A (en) * 1968-03-06 1971-07-13 Robert Eric Miller Gimbal mounting for instruments and machines
US5265129A (en) * 1992-04-08 1993-11-23 R. Brooks Associates, Inc. Support plate inspection device
US5305356A (en) * 1992-05-14 1994-04-19 Brooks Support Systems, Inc. Inspection device

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2473736A (en) * 1946-05-22 1949-06-21 Stern Nathan Saliy Microfilm reader and projecting apparatus
US2648252A (en) * 1948-09-17 1953-08-11 Paramount Pictures Corp Control of camera-subject motion in motion-picture photography
US2687668A (en) * 1949-10-17 1954-08-31 Loew S Inc Apparatus for duplicating motionpicture shots
US2822720A (en) * 1951-08-01 1958-02-11 Douglas Newhall Method of image reproduction and control
US3209136A (en) * 1963-05-28 1965-09-28 Fisher Jules Remote control movement system including a unit for variably positioning a light source device and a controller therefor
US3399614A (en) * 1965-06-15 1968-09-03 George J. Fischer Remotely controlled mounts
US3592429A (en) * 1968-03-06 1971-07-13 Robert Eric Miller Gimbal mounting for instruments and machines
US5265129A (en) * 1992-04-08 1993-11-23 R. Brooks Associates, Inc. Support plate inspection device
US5305356A (en) * 1992-05-14 1994-04-19 Brooks Support Systems, Inc. Inspection device

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