US2117270A - Apparatus for producing progressively delayed combustion - Google Patents

Description

F. S. BLOOM May 17, 1938.

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING PROGRESSIVELY DELAYED COMBUSTION Filed June 29, 1935 .520mm y W5,

IIIII WM M4 Patented May 17, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT oFFlcE APPARATUS ml, m6 m- SlmY mm mS'IlON rnaanu-,rlua-n" mllleztlsehlhm zenn- (cnss-nn Thislnventlonrelatestnanewandimln'uved method and apparatus forpmgmssively delayed combustion, termed "long'ilame combustion, in furnaces, in which 5 amaterialsuchassteelisxequiredtnheheated. Thesefumacesmayheemtinmmsinbmm theymayhavehealthsin'hiehthematmialto be heated lies stationary during the heating period. Undereitheroflmatingit fwisdesirablethatheatdnetodfuel videanewand improvedlongllamehllrnerandv 40'methodofoperation.

Itisalsoanobjectofthisinvmtimtnpmvide means and methods whereby the direction of owofthefuelandairfm'itsaxe renderedsubstantiallyparallel. v

45 Itisanotherohjectoftheinvmmtnpmvide meansandmethodsfuralimitedand controlled quantity ofairinto minetwithacurrentofgas,sothatvlthaminimnmdegreeof turbuleneeacrackngellectismodud.

50 Anadditionalobjectoftheinventionisto provide means and methods to control the amountofaix'whichcomesntoemtadwththe gnsbodyinsuchawaythattheammntofeomhustlonntoraisethetempalmgeofthe ssglssumnientlyvforennkingpmpiselected wthontuneasmlxtureofairorprematureomnbnsm.

Otherandfurtherobjectswlllanpearasthe Ihnvesho'noertainpreferredemhodimmts 5 ofmyinwntiminthedn'hg. inwhieh- Figure l is a vertical, longitudinal seetim` thromhoneformofbumer;

Flgurezisaviewofli'lgurelasseenanthe l.

FgureSixaviewsimilartol'lgurelbutM- y ingamodied formofburner; and 'Egm'e4isavlewofthehurneroflilglme3ls seenfromtherlght. 15

Referring rst to the form ol' showninlgurlandlthisformoibnmel `isdesignedforuseinsmallersil,

mhasbunlelslmvingpacitiesofotolm cllllicfeetonatunlgasperhour. Theburnerm inchldesahousingllwhichenelosesan airchaxnherltowhichisconnecbedtheair intakepipell. 'Ihetubulardischargeportlon Ilnfthelumsinghasanextensionliwhhhpmjectsintotheairchamberllbeyondthemtl'anfromtheairintakeplpe I3. Therear endofthehousingllisclosedbyaplateli whiehissecuredtothehousingbythebdtsl'l. Bymeanso'fspiderllthegasinletnmzlellis sumortedfmmtheplatelltheplateheimheld inplabybolml. Thegasinletlipellb secm'edtothenzlel. Thehoodllisthreadedupmtheouteraofthegasnomlelllnd isthnebyadjustabletowardorfromthecllmne member Ii. :5f

Theinialairnomzleisthreadedintothe clomreplnteIisothat'tmaybeadjustedtnmrdandfnlnthegasnozzle I9. The intermediatenolzleorairoontroltubellis homtheinnerfaoeoftheextendedportinnlim ofthetubularmemherllbymeansofthespider 25. Thenalairoontmltubeliissuppoed hmnthetuimlarmemberllhymeansofthe sliderllandis-heldinadjustedpositionb! meansofthebdtsnttingthromhslotted opmingslinthememherll. Theburnerassemblyisprovidedwiththeangelbymns ofwhinhitmaybesecuredtoaportblockllin hidlisfmmedthellol'tn.

'lm ,formofeonstruction showninlilgnresio andiisdesgnedespeciallyforusein withbmnelsoflargergascapacltythantheeonslructimshowninlguleslandthis lllrnu'mayalsohemadeinsmallersizes. The housingllthealrchamherlltowhidl air is led through pipe 42. This chamber 4I surrounds the inner tubular end 4l of the tubular discharge portion 44 of the housing. This portion 43 extends beyond the inlet opening from the pipe 42. The rear end of the housing 4l is closed by the closure member 45 held in place by thebolts 45. 'Ihe gas introduction tube 41 may be formed integral with the closure member 45 as shown and the rear end of the tube is threaded to receive the discharge end of the gas inlet pipe 48.

'I'he first air control tube 49 is supported from the second air control tube 5Il by means of spider 52. The air control tube 5|) is supported in turn from the housing 44 by the spider 5I. The tube 52 is supported from the outer housing member 44 by means of spider 54. The assembly is provided with a ilange 55 to engage the port block 55 which is provided with the burner discharge port 51. The sleeve 58 is supported upon the gas introduction tube 41 and is adjustable by means of knob 59 and the control rod 6D. Movement of the sleeve 58 back and forth varies the effective opening between the tube 41 and the air control tube 49. Similarly the sleeve Iil is slidably carried by the tube 43 and is adjustable by the knob 52 and .the control rod 63. Movement of the sleeve 6I serves to vary the eiective discharge area between the tube 49 and the second air control tube 50.

Referring first to `the form of construction shown in Figure 1, it is apparent that the gas stream which is introduced through the nozzle I9 draws with it an adjustable quantity of air as the gas enters the tube 23. 'I'he amount of air is controlled by the adjustment of the hood 22 to provide the desired clearance from the closure member I6. This air is drawn from the atmosphere and is independent of the air which is supplied through pipe I3 and which is preferably under moderate superatmospheric pressure. It will be apparent that the tubular portion I5 of the housing serves to deiect the air as it enters from the pipe I3 and insures a substantially uniform distribution of air around the periphery of the tubular portion. This air under pressure surrounds the air control tubes 24 and 2G. The amount of air entering between the discharge end of the tubular member 23 and the air control tube 24 is controlled by adjusting the tubular member 23 back and forth in its supporting member, the closure member IB. It will be apparent also that this adjustment will have some eiIect on the primary air port in under the edge of the hood 22. 'I'he amount of air which will be drawn in or permitted to enter through the passage between the first air control tube 24 and the second air control tube 21 is adjusted by movement of the tube 26 toward or from the tube 24.

In the 'form of construction shown in Figures 3 andA 4, all of the air utilized is supplied through the pipe 42. The amount which enters within the control tubes 49 and 5II is modified by the adjustment of the sleeves 58 and 6 I, as has already been described. It will also be understood that the relative pressures of the air and gas introduced into both forms of burners will have a material effect on the relative quantities of air drawn in at the several points. The parallel streams of air and gas pass through the port block where cracking takes place and luminosity is imparted to the name.

It will be seen from Figure 1 that the stream of gas which is directed through nozzle I9 is surrounded by a stream of air which flows in between nozzle Il and the adjustable tube 2l. A relatively small amount of air is entrained at this point.v An additional amount of air is entrained between tubes 2l and 24. 'I'his in turn surrounds the gas air stream passing through tube 23. Likewise, air admitted between tubes 24 and 25 again surrounds the stream. It will be noted that the admission of air at both latter points is controlled and usually only suificient is admitted to give a satisfactory luminosity to the iiame. Preferably, all these tubes have a Venturi contour, in order to reduce turbulence to a minimum. The bulk of the air passes around tube and envelops the stream of gas as it passes into the furnace. 'I'he parallel flow of the streams delays combustion and gives long ilame characteristics.

Similar results are obtained with the burner shown in Figures 3 and 4, which has corresponding adjustments. These types of burner have the great advantage of being able to denitely control the rate of mixing of air with the gas; in other words, it can be adjusted from a heavy, long, luminous ilame condition to the condition obtained with a clear flame burner. 'I'his is due quick burning, and also do not want an extremely slow rate of ilame propagation which would cause my flame to burn away from the port blocks. it is necessary to mix my air very carefully around the outside periphery of the gas stream in such a manner that the air does not mix with the center core of the gas stream, but does mix intimately in the outside layer of the gas stream. By this means I am able to get partial and quick burning of a small portion of my gas which is sufllcient to maintain combustion in the port block and the burner, and to heat the center gas core to such a temperature that cracking of carbon from the hydrocarbons of my gas takes place, and that resultant combustion progresses slowly from the center of the gas stream as the outside air mixes with it as the llame flows down through the furnace. 'I'he luminous llame which I obtain transfers quantities of heat at a much lower ilame temperature than a clear flame and this results in the effect of "softness referred to above.

I have found in the operation of my burner that the ow of air through the concentric open areas and paralleling the ow of the gas stream is the result not only of static pressure of the air, but also the aspirating effect of the gas stream, or, in the case of the succeeding nozzle, of the air and gas stream together. It will be noted that the air chamber is so designed as to prevent direct flow of the incoming air into the nozzle, it being arranged so that all the air travels around and finally enters the large circular space around the gas nozzle. By this means a good distribution of the air flow is obtained. I have found that the use of a Venturi type tube or nozzle is of great assistance in smoothing out the ilow and preventing turbulence. 'I'he form of construction has been designed to have an aspirating effect and thus prevent any back flow of gas into incoming air, -even if there is considerable difference in the velocities of the air and gas streams. It is usually quite diil'icult to maintain equal pressures of air and gas at all times due to variations in the amount required for various operating conditions. This situation is met by the type of burner disclosed herein, which does not rely on equal velocities of air and gas for parallel flow.

'I'he ability to regulate at will the amount of air entraiiied with the gas, by means of the ad- Justable collars shown in Figure 3, or by changing the location of the adjustable nozzles in Figure l, is also of great importance, as di'erent operations require dierent ilames, and I can readily change from a long, soft iiame to practically the condition obtained with the usual clear flame burner. I have found the addition of successively larger increments of air is of great advantage in reducing turbulence.

The type of construction which has been shown also provides means to light the burner from the outside of the furnace by the opening of the shutter 22. By revolving this shutter, availabler space is provided by which a flame from a gas torch,or similar means, may be drawn through the burner proper by the induction eil'ect of the gas which ilows from spud Il. This avoidsall chance for explosion in the furnace, it eliminates undesirable lighting holes in the furnace wall, and is of material assistance to the operator when a large number of burners are in use.

The burner is applicable to the use oi natural gas, coke oven gas, or 350 B. t. u. mixed coke oven and blast furnace gas. the long ilame luminosity, which can be obtained, being approximately the same, using either natural gas or coke oven lgas. With 350 B. t. u. mixed gas, the amount oi luminosity which can be obtained is lessthan with the richer fuel.

Patent No. 2,117,270.

While I have shown certain preferred embodiments of apparatus adapted for carrying out my invention, it will be obvious that it may be carried out in other forms of apparatus and in other ways, and I contemplate such changes and modications as come within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a burner, a gas nozzle for directing a gas stream, an air chamber surrounding the gas nozzle, a passage extending at substantially right angles to the axis of the gas nozzle for admitting air to the chamber, deflecting means in the air chamber opposite the entrance of the air passage into the chamber and extending from the discharge side of the chamber substantially around the gas nozzle to distribute air from said passage around the gas nozzle, and overlapping spaced concentric substantially cylindrical tubular members of successively larger diameters surrounding the gas nozzle, the spaces between said tubular members providing a plurality of annular openings extending parallel with the axis of the gas nozzle whereby air is directed into parallel ilow with the gas stream from the nozzle..

2. In a gas burner, an air chamber, a gas admission tube extending into one side of the chamber, an air admission pipe discharging into the chamber at approximately right angles to the gas tube, a cylindrical air control partition extending into the chamber from the side opposite the gas tube concentrically with said tube. the air control partition being larger than the gas tube and extending into the chamber beyond the end of the gas tube and also beyond .the discharge of the air admission pipe into the chamber, and an air control tube within the air control partition adjacent the gas admission tube.

FRED S. BIOOM.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Hay 1'?, 1958.

FRED S BLOOH.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above mmbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 5, second column, line 18, claim 1, after the comma and before "and" insert the words a discharge passage leading from the discharge side of. the air chamber; line 21, same claim, after "nozzle" and before the coma, insert the words within the discharge passage; line all, same clam 1, after air insert from the air chamber; lines 57 and 5B, claim 2, strike out "and an air control tube within the air control partition adjacent" and insert instead the words the air control partition extending beyond the chamber to form a discharge passage, andanair control tube within the air control par-- tition 'surrounding and spaced from; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record or the case 1n the Patent office.

Signed and sealed this 5th day of July, A. D. 1958.

( Seal) Henry Van Arsdale,

. Acting Commissioner of Patents.

ence in the velocities of the air and gas streams. It is usually quite diil'icult to maintain equal pressures of air and gas at all times due to variations in the amount required for various operating conditions. This situation is met by the type of burner disclosed herein, which does not rely on equal velocities of air and gas for parallel flow.

'I'he ability to regulate at will the amount of air entraiiied with the gas, by means of the ad- Justable collars shown in Figure 3, or by changing the location of the adjustable nozzles in Figure l, is also of great importance, as di'erent operations require dierent ilames, and I can readily change from a long, soft iiame to practically the condition obtained with the usual clear flame burner. I have found the addition of successively larger increments of air is of great advantage in reducing turbulence.

The type of construction which has been shown also provides means to light the burner from the outside of the furnace by the opening of the shutter 22. By revolving this shutter, availabler space is provided by which a flame from a gas torch,or similar means, may be drawn through the burner proper by the induction eil'ect of the gas which ilows from spud Il. This avoidsall chance for explosion in the furnace, it eliminates undesirable lighting holes in the furnace wall, and is of material assistance to the operator when a large number of burners are in use.

The burner is applicable to the use oi natural gas, coke oven gas, or 350 B. t. u. mixed coke oven and blast furnace gas. the long ilame luminosity, which can be obtained, being approximately the same, using either natural gas or coke oven lgas. With 350 B. t. u. mixed gas, the amount oi luminosity which can be obtained is lessthan with the richer fuel.

Patent No. 2,117,270.

While I have shown certain preferred embodiments of apparatus adapted for carrying out my invention, it will be obvious that it may be carried out in other forms of apparatus and in other ways, and I contemplate such changes and modications as come within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a burner, a gas nozzle for directing a gas stream, an air chamber surrounding the gas nozzle, a passage extending at substantially right angles to the axis of the gas nozzle for admitting air to the chamber, deflecting means in the air chamber opposite the entrance of the air passage into the chamber and extending from the discharge side of the chamber substantially around the gas nozzle to distribute air from said passage around the gas nozzle, and overlapping spaced concentric substantially cylindrical tubular members of successively larger diameters surrounding the gas nozzle, the spaces between said tubular members providing a plurality of annular openings extending parallel with the axis of the gas nozzle whereby air is directed into parallel ilow with the gas stream from the nozzle..

2. In a gas burner, an air chamber, a gas admission tube extending into one side of the chamber, an air admission pipe discharging into the chamber at approximately right angles to the gas tube, a cylindrical air control partition extending into the chamber from the side opposite the gas tube concentrically with said tube. the air control partition being larger than the gas tube and extending into the chamber beyond the end of the gas tube and also beyond .the discharge of the air admission pipe into the chamber, and an air control tube within the air control partition adjacent the gas admission tube.

FRED S. BIOOM.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Hay 1'?, 1958.

FRED S BLOOH.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above mmbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 5, second column, line 18, claim 1, after the comma and before "and" insert the words a discharge passage leading from the discharge side of. the air chamber; line 21, same claim, after "nozzle" and before the coma, insert the words within the discharge passage; line all, same clam 1, after air insert from the air chamber; lines 57 and 5B, claim 2, strike out "and an air control tube within the air control partition adjacent" and insert instead the words the air control partition extending beyond the chamber to form a discharge passage, andanair control tube within the air control par-- tition 'surrounding and spaced from; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record or the case 1n the Patent office.

Signed and sealed this 5th day of July, A. D. 1958.

( Seal) Henry Van Arsdale,

. Acting Commissioner of Patents.

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