US20100313677A1 - Strain Gauge Rosette for Internal Stress Measurement - Google Patents
Strain Gauge Rosette for Internal Stress Measurement Download PDFInfo
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- US20100313677A1 US20100313677A1 US12/744,189 US74418908A US2010313677A1 US 20100313677 A1 US20100313677 A1 US 20100313677A1 US 74418908 A US74418908 A US 74418908A US 2010313677 A1 US2010313677 A1 US 2010313677A1
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0047—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to residual stresses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
- G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
Definitions
- the invention relates to a strain gage rosette for internal stress measurement on workpieces according to the bore hole method according to the preamble of the patent claims 1 and 10 .
- internal stresses means stresses in a structural component that are effective without external mechanical loading and that are subject to a spatially homogeneous and temporally constant temperature field.
- the bore hole method is often utilized. Thereby, a hole is bored at a certain location of the structural component at which the internal stresses are to be determined, wherein the diameter and the bore depth of the hole is based on the test sample thickness. Through this bore hole, a portion of the internal stresses present in the material is released, whereby measurable deformations arise in the vicinity of the bore hole rim.
- the strains in three different directions must be determined, for example by applying three strain gages that are grouped around the bore hole. In this method, however, only relatively small strain gages can be used, because the substantial analogy between the differential strain and the triggered internal stress portions exists only in the direct vicinity of the bore hole.
- the strain gage rosette consists of a carrier film on which three measuring grids are arranged at the angular positions of 0°, 45° and 90° around a central middle point or center point.
- the difficulty is that the workpiece is to be bored exactly in the middle of the glued-on rosette. Namely, with a bore hole that is not centrally applied, the strain measuring grids, which are then arranged at different radial distance, detect a spacing distance dependent strain, which then lead to measurement errors.
- the strain gage rosette is glued-on with its center point exactly centered on a circuit board, whereby a centering bushing is soldered-on in the center of the circuit board.
- a central bore hole is provided in the centering bushing, and a centering pin is inserted in the central bore hole. The strain gage rosette is then glued onto the workpiece to be tested.
- a special drilling or boring apparatus of a U-shaped metal bail with a drill or borer guide is arranged over the strain gage rosette, and is applied or set-on exactly centered to the strain gage rosette by a centering pin that is inserted in the centering bushing. Then, after the centering, the centering pin is removed out of the drilling or boring apparatus, and the shaft of a drilling or boring machine is inserted into the drilling or boring apparatus, in order to introduce into the workpiece a very exact central bore hole between the glued-on measuring grids. The strains that are thereby triggered during the drilling or boring process are then converted into electrical signals by the is strain gage grids, and then the internal stresses are calculable from the electrical signals.
- the invention has the advantage that the measuring errors due to small eccentricities can largely be compensated through the radially oppositely arranged measuring grids of a common measuring direction. For that, simply the measuring signals of the oppositely lying measuring grid pairs must be determined, whereby the measuring error due to the eccentricity of the bore hole can advantageously be improved by a factor of up to 20.
- the invention further has the advantage that in such a rosette with two oppositely lying measuring grids of a measuring direction, the average value thereof can be achieved with the aid of a simple series or parallel circuit or simple arithmetic means, so that no significant measurement technological or equipment expenditure or effort is necessary for this.
- the invention additionally has the advantage that simply through a doubling of the measuring grids on an otherwise similar strain gage rosette, the measuring accuracy can be improved by a multiple in a simple manner, without needing to have increased the effort or expense for the central introduction of the bore hole.
- the additional effort or expanse for doubling the measuring grids on an otherwise similar rosette arrangement is relatively small, because the measuring grids are completely automatically produced through a common etching process on an otherwise similar carrier film or foil. Therefore, with such strain gage rosettes produced in an economical manner an increase of the measuring accuracy is advantageously to be achieved, even though the effort or expense of the centering accuracy can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 a six measuring grid bore hole rosette
- FIG. 2 a circuit foil for a six measuring grid bore hole rosette
- FIG. 3 an eight measuring grid bore hole rosette.
- FIG. 1 of the drawing shows a strain gage rosette 1 as a bore hole rosette, in which three similar or same-type measuring grids 3 , 4 , 5 are arranged at an angular spacing of 45° at a uniform radial spacing about a bore hole centering 2 , and an allocated similar or same-type measuring grid 6 , 7 , 8 lies respectively opposite the measuring grids 3 , 4 , 5 symmetrically to the bore hole centering 2 .
- the strain gage rosette 1 consists of a plastic carrier layer 9 on which six conventional meander-shaped measuring grids 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 are applied. All measuring grids 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 are thereby arranged concentrically about a central bore hole marking 2 . Thereby the three left- 3 , 4 , 5 , or right-side 6 , 7 , 8 measuring grids are provided like typical three grid bore hole rosettes about a bore hole marking 2 , whereby all measuring grids 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 comprise a common radial spacing to the bore hole marking 2 .
- the three left-side measuring grids 3 , 4 , 5 are thereby oriented in three different directions between 0 to 90°. Between the measuring grids 3 , 4 , 5 , a common angle of 45° is provided, so that the three left-side measuring grids 3 , 4 , 5 cover an angular range of 90°.
- the respective orientation of the measuring grids 3 , 4 , 5 is insignificant or unimportant, so that arrangements of 0°, 90° and 135°, or 0°, 60° and 120° also occur. Nonetheless, however, the three measuring grids 3 , 4 , 5 must always be oriented in different direction, so that an angular offset of 180° between two measuring grids 3 , 4 , 5 of a rosette was previously not known in bore hole rosettes.
- the internal stress measurement could, as an exception, also be detected with only two measuring grids oriented in deviating directions about a bore hole.
- the three left-side measuring grids 3 , 4 , 5 as well as by the three right-side measuring grids 6 , 7 , 8 , which lie opposite one another in a mirror symmetrical manner, and thus comprise a same spacing distance to the bore hole center point and the allocated opposite-lying measuring grids. Because all six measuring grids 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 are embodied similarly, the measuring grid pairs 3 , 8 ; 4 , 7 ; 5 , 6 respectively lying 180° opposite one another would basically have to detect the same strain during the boring process, because they are oriented in the same main strain direction.
- the invention now uses this fact in order to correct unavoidable bore hole tolerances and therewith measuring inaccuracies due to an eccentric bore hole arrangement. Namely, with the presently demanded measuring accuracies, partially only maximum permissible eccentricities of 0.02 mm are tolerable, which are achievable with conventional bore hole centering methods only with great measurement technological effort and expanse. Due to the influence on the internal stresses to be detected, mechanical bore hole centerings, such as center punching and the like, are not permitted, so that in practice generally only eccentricities of >0.02 mm are achievable.
- the invention suggests to provide two similar or same-type measuring grids 3 , 8 ; 4 , 7 ; 5 , 6 lying 180° opposite one another on a strain gage rosette for at least each main strain direction to be detected, whereby the deviation of the measuring grids due to the eccentricity of the bore hole is substantially compensatable by an average value formation. For that it is then necessary, however, to average the detected strain measurement values of a main strain direction in order to minimize the error caused thereby. This is, however, not completely successful, because the calculable internal stresses do not run proportional to the spacing distance of the bore hole, so that a residual error remains. However, practical tests have resulted in an improvement of the measuring accuracy by the factor 20, for a highest possible eccentricity accuracy of, for example 0.02 mm.
- the invention proposes three different methods for the corresponding average value formation of the two measuring grid pairs 3 , 8 ; 4 , 7 ; 5 , 6 that are arranged lying 180° opposite one another.
- the average value formation can be achieved by a series circuit connection of the respective opposite-lying and allocated two measuring grids 3 , 8 ; 4 , 7 ; 5 , 6 .
- Such a separate circuit foil 18 is shown in FIG. 2 of the drawing.
- the circuit foil 18 is connected via copper wires 12 , for example, with one another with the connection conductor paths 10 of the strain gage rosette guided out to the connection points 11 .
- the circuit foil 18 already includes hard-wired conductor paths bridges 13 , through which the measuring grid pairs 3 , 8 ; 4 , 7 ; 5 , 6 of a main strain direction, which are arranged lying 180° opposite one another, are circuit-connected in series. Then on the output side, only six measurement conductor points 14 are still present, like in a conventional bore hole rosette with three measuring grids.
- the six measuring grids 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 can also be circuit-connected in series in a conventional manner by means of the twelve connection points 11 of the six measuring grid bore hole rosette 1 , in order to obtain the average value of a strain direction respectively as output signals.
- Such a fixed circuit-connection could, however, be provided directly on the carrier film 9 of the bore hole rosette 1 . Because the conductor paths 10 would, however, cross one another thereby, this is only possible through a bore hole rosette 1 with a stacked construction.
- An average value formation could, however, also be achieved through a parallel circuit of the allocated measuring grid pairs 3 , 8 ; 4 , 7 ; 5 , 6 of a strain direction, which are arranged lying 180° opposite one another. Because the measurement signals of each measuring grid 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 are often still supplied to an analog-digital converter after the amplification, this could also be carried out subsequently in a computational manner by means of a simple computer circuit. Then for that purpose, in connection with larger eccentricities, correction factors could still be provided, which compensates the non-linearity to the bore hole deviation.
- FIG. 3 of the drawing A further embodiment of a strain gage rosette is shown in FIG. 3 of the drawing as an eight measuring grid bore hole rosette 15 .
- the additional measuring grid pair 16 , 17 is arranged in an angular spacing of 45° to the neighboring measuring grid pairs.
- an improvement of the accuracy is preferably achieved in connection with an eccentricity that would have extended in the grid-free direction in a six measuring grid bore hole rosette 1 .
- the measuring accuracy is already increased due to the increase of the evaluatable measurement signals, especially if the main strain direction extends in the direction that was previously not provided with a measuring grid.
- bore hole rosettes with further measuring grid pairs can still also be embodied, in so far as the space conditions on the carrier layer 9 allow this for the measuring grids arranged close to the bore hole.
- the two bore hole rosettes 1 , 15 have only a diameter or an edge length of preferably 12 mm. Therefore, an increase of the number of measuring grids over eight is preferably only presented for larger bore hole diameters.
- the bore hole diameter and its bore hole depth is primarily determined according to the analysis depth, so that not always only small bore hole diameters are sufficient.
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to a strain gage rosette for internal stress measurement on workpieces according to the bore hole method according to the preamble of the
patent claims - For certain workpieces or structural components it is often necessary to determine if internal stresses are present therein, and what magnitude and direction these comprise. In that regard, the term internal stresses means stresses in a structural component that are effective without external mechanical loading and that are subject to a spatially homogeneous and temporally constant temperature field.
- For measuring such internal stresses, there are various different testing methods with which the internal stress condition on the surface and in the interior of the material can be determined. In the range near the surface up to a depth of several millimeters, the bore hole method is often utilized. Thereby, a hole is bored at a certain location of the structural component at which the internal stresses are to be determined, wherein the diameter and the bore depth of the hole is based on the test sample thickness. Through this bore hole, a portion of the internal stresses present in the material is released, whereby measurable deformations arise in the vicinity of the bore hole rim.
- By measuring these deformations in the region of the bore hole, a conclusion can then be reached about the effective internal stresses. For that, the strains in three different directions must be determined, for example by applying three strain gages that are grouped around the bore hole. In this method, however, only relatively small strain gages can be used, because the substantial analogy between the differential strain and the triggered internal stress portions exists only in the direct vicinity of the bore hole.
- Such a method and a strain gage rosette used therefor is known from the DE-OS 25 58 768. Therein, the strain gage rosette consists of a carrier film on which three measuring grids are arranged at the angular positions of 0°, 45° and 90° around a central middle point or center point. In the internal stress measurement according to the bore hole method, the difficulty is that the workpiece is to be bored exactly in the middle of the glued-on rosette. Namely, with a bore hole that is not centrally applied, the strain measuring grids, which are then arranged at different radial distance, detect a spacing distance dependent strain, which then lead to measurement errors. Therefore, the strain gage rosette is glued-on with its center point exactly centered on a circuit board, whereby a centering bushing is soldered-on in the center of the circuit board. In that regard, a central bore hole is provided in the centering bushing, and a centering pin is inserted in the central bore hole. The strain gage rosette is then glued onto the workpiece to be tested.
- For the exact introduction of the bore hole, then a special drilling or boring apparatus of a U-shaped metal bail with a drill or borer guide is arranged over the strain gage rosette, and is applied or set-on exactly centered to the strain gage rosette by a centering pin that is inserted in the centering bushing. Then, after the centering, the centering pin is removed out of the drilling or boring apparatus, and the shaft of a drilling or boring machine is inserted into the drilling or boring apparatus, in order to introduce into the workpiece a very exact central bore hole between the glued-on measuring grids. The strains that are thereby triggered during the drilling or boring process are then converted into electrical signals by the is strain gage grids, and then the internal stresses are calculable from the electrical signals. Because a substantial analogy between the differential strain and the triggered internal stress portions exists only in the direct vicinity of the bore hole, the strain gages grouped around the bore hole must be relatively small. Therefore such strain gage rosettes often have only diameters of approximately 10 to 15 mm, so that already small eccentricities can cause relatively large measuring errors. Therefore, the required maximum acceptable eccentricities of 0.02 mm often cannot be realized even with the above described very complicated boring apparatus.
- Therefore, it is the underlying object of the invention to improve a measuring method and a strain gage rosette used therefor, for the internal stress measurement of workpieces according to the bore hole method in such a manner so that therewith very high measuring accuracies are achievable and this is realizable with the smallest possible measurement technology cost or effort.
- This object is achieved by the invention set forth in the
patent claims - The invention has the advantage that the measuring errors due to small eccentricities can largely be compensated through the radially oppositely arranged measuring grids of a common measuring direction. For that, simply the measuring signals of the oppositely lying measuring grid pairs must be determined, whereby the measuring error due to the eccentricity of the bore hole can advantageously be improved by a factor of up to 20.
- The invention further has the advantage that in such a rosette with two oppositely lying measuring grids of a measuring direction, the average value thereof can be achieved with the aid of a simple series or parallel circuit or simple arithmetic means, so that no significant measurement technological or equipment expenditure or effort is necessary for this.
- The invention additionally has the advantage that simply through a doubling of the measuring grids on an otherwise similar strain gage rosette, the measuring accuracy can be improved by a multiple in a simple manner, without needing to have increased the effort or expense for the central introduction of the bore hole. In that regard, the additional effort or expanse for doubling the measuring grids on an otherwise similar rosette arrangement is relatively small, because the measuring grids are completely automatically produced through a common etching process on an otherwise similar carrier film or foil. Therefore, with such strain gage rosettes produced in an economical manner an increase of the measuring accuracy is advantageously to be achieved, even though the effort or expense of the centering accuracy can be reduced.
- The invention is explained more closely in connection with an example embodiment, which is illustrated in the drawing. It is shown by:
-
FIG. 1 a six measuring grid bore hole rosette; -
FIG. 2 a circuit foil for a six measuring grid bore hole rosette; and -
FIG. 3 an eight measuring grid bore hole rosette. -
FIG. 1 of the drawing shows astrain gage rosette 1 as a bore hole rosette, in which three similar or same-type measuring grids type measuring grid measuring grids - In that regard, the
strain gage rosette 1 consists of a plastic carrier layer 9 on which six conventional meander-shaped measuring grids grids side grids grids measuring grids grids - Internal stresses in workpieces or structural components can arise through internal or external forces that act on the workpiece. The form changes caused by the forces are characterized by longitudinal and crosswise displacements. The three tensions or stresses referenced to the unit area correspond to the internal forces in the workpiece. The stress conditions can be characterized on one, two or three axes, whereby the deformation conditions are always characterized on three axes. Therefore it is necessary, as long as the main strain directions are not known, to provide three
measuring grids measuring grids measuring grids measuring grids - For the special case, that for example the internal stress in one is of the main stress directions is known, then the internal stress measurement could, as an exception, also be detected with only two measuring grids oriented in deviating directions about a bore hole. This is not relevant practically, however, so that previous bore hole rosettes comprise at least three measuring grids, of which the angular spacings are always <180°. Therefore, with the illustrated six measuring grid
bore hole rosette 1, the strains are detected in the three main strain directions of 0°, of 45° and 90°. This is achieved similarly by the three left-side measuringgrids grids measuring grids measuring grid pairs - The invention now uses this fact in order to correct unavoidable bore hole tolerances and therewith measuring inaccuracies due to an eccentric bore hole arrangement. Namely, with the presently demanded measuring accuracies, partially only maximum permissible eccentricities of 0.02 mm are tolerable, which are achievable with conventional bore hole centering methods only with great measurement technological effort and expanse. Due to the influence on the internal stresses to be detected, mechanical bore hole centerings, such as center punching and the like, are not permitted, so that in practice generally only eccentricities of >0.02 mm are achievable.
- Therefore the invention suggests to provide two similar or same-
type measuring grids factor 8 with the inventivebore hole rosette 1, compared to the highest possible maximum permissible eccentricity of a simple bore hole rosette with only three comparable measuring grids. - The invention proposes three different methods for the corresponding average value formation of the two
measuring grid pairs measuring grids separate circuit foil 18 is shown inFIG. 2 of the drawing. In that regard, thecircuit foil 18 is connected viacopper wires 12, for example, with one another with theconnection conductor paths 10 of the strain gage rosette guided out to the connection points 11. Thereby thecircuit foil 18 already includes hard-wired conductor paths bridges 13, through which the measuring grid pairs 3, 8; 4, 7; 5, 6 of a main strain direction, which are arranged lying 180° opposite one another, are circuit-connected in series. Then on the output side, only six measurement conductor points 14 are still present, like in a conventional bore hole rosette with three measuring grids. - However, the six
measuring grids hole rosette 1, in order to obtain the average value of a strain direction respectively as output signals. - Such a fixed circuit-connection could, however, be provided directly on the carrier film 9 of the
bore hole rosette 1. Because theconductor paths 10 would, however, cross one another thereby, this is only possible through abore hole rosette 1 with a stacked construction. - An average value formation could, however, also be achieved through a parallel circuit of the allocated measuring grid pairs 3, 8; 4, 7; 5, 6 of a strain direction, which are arranged lying 180° opposite one another. Because the measurement signals of each measuring
grid - A further embodiment of a strain gage rosette is shown in
FIG. 3 of the drawing as an eight measuring grid borehole rosette 15. This differs from the six measuring grid borehole rosette 1 simply by a further pair of similar or same-type measuring grids measuring grid pair hole rosette 1. Furthermore, the measuring accuracy is already increased due to the increase of the evaluatable measurement signals, especially if the main strain direction extends in the direction that was previously not provided with a measuring grid. Moreover, bore hole rosettes with further measuring grid pairs can still also be embodied, in so far as the space conditions on the carrier layer 9 allow this for the measuring grids arranged close to the bore hole. Namely, in the above described example embodiment, the two borehole rosettes
Claims (22)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102007056443.2 | 2007-11-23 | ||
DE102007056443A DE102007056443B3 (en) | 2007-11-23 | 2007-11-23 | Strain gauge rosette for residual stress measurement |
DE102007056443 | 2007-11-23 | ||
PCT/EP2008/009936 WO2009065615A1 (en) | 2007-11-23 | 2008-11-24 | Strain gauge rosette for internal stress measurement |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20100313677A1 true US20100313677A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
US8210055B2 US8210055B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US12/744,189 Expired - Fee Related US8210055B2 (en) | 2007-11-23 | 2008-11-24 | Strain gauge rosette for internal stress measurement |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US8210055B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2238420B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5237383B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101965506A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102007056443B3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009065615A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20140053675A1 (en) * | 2012-08-27 | 2014-02-27 | Shimano Inc. | Bicycle control device |
US20140224036A1 (en) * | 2013-02-12 | 2014-08-14 | Western New England University | Multidimensional strain gage |
CN107131987A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-09-05 | 常州大学 | A kind of ring strain ga(u)ge for boring method |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102013213219B4 (en) | 2013-07-05 | 2021-12-23 | Siemens Healthcare Gmbh | Device for determining deformation information for a board loaded with a load |
CN105091731B (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2017-07-25 | 浙江工业大学 | The axial deviation sensitive grid interdigitated metal foil gauge of the axial local derviation of measurable surface strain |
CN105318825B (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2018-02-02 | 浙江工业大学 | Axially distribution six sensitive grid full-bridges, three interdigital metal strain plate |
CN109781323A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-05-21 | 华东交通大学 | The method for detecting rail bottom residual stress after Switch quenching based on stress release theory |
CN112179310A (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2021-01-05 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Processing method and device for Printed Circuit Board (PCB) |
CN110715640A (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2020-01-21 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | Nail hole damage monitoring method |
CN112857638B (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2022-05-17 | 湖南应用技术学院 | Drilling internal stress measurement equipment and measurement method thereof |
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2007
- 2007-11-23 DE DE102007056443A patent/DE102007056443B3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-11-24 EP EP08851902.0A patent/EP2238420B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-11-24 JP JP2010534415A patent/JP5237383B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-11-24 WO PCT/EP2008/009936 patent/WO2009065615A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-11-24 CN CN2008801249300A patent/CN101965506A/en active Pending
- 2008-11-24 US US12/744,189 patent/US8210055B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US20060064264A1 (en) * | 2003-05-13 | 2006-03-23 | Pottebaum James R | Load cells for use in high precision load measuring system |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20140053675A1 (en) * | 2012-08-27 | 2014-02-27 | Shimano Inc. | Bicycle control device |
US9090304B2 (en) * | 2012-08-27 | 2015-07-28 | Shimano Inc. | Bicycle control device |
US20140224036A1 (en) * | 2013-02-12 | 2014-08-14 | Western New England University | Multidimensional strain gage |
US9250146B2 (en) * | 2013-02-12 | 2016-02-02 | Western New England University | Multidimensional strain gage |
CN107131987A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-09-05 | 常州大学 | A kind of ring strain ga(u)ge for boring method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN101965506A (en) | 2011-02-02 |
EP2238420A1 (en) | 2010-10-13 |
DE102007056443B3 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
US8210055B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 |
EP2238420B1 (en) | 2018-07-25 |
JP2011504589A (en) | 2011-02-10 |
JP5237383B2 (en) | 2013-07-17 |
WO2009065615A1 (en) | 2009-05-28 |
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