EP0433152A1 - Electrofilter with cleaning system - Google Patents

Electrofilter with cleaning system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0433152A1
EP0433152A1 EP90403509A EP90403509A EP0433152A1 EP 0433152 A1 EP0433152 A1 EP 0433152A1 EP 90403509 A EP90403509 A EP 90403509A EP 90403509 A EP90403509 A EP 90403509A EP 0433152 A1 EP0433152 A1 EP 0433152A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
cleaning means
electrostatic filter
filter according
tubes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP90403509A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Albert Briand
Michel Pourprix
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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Application filed by Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA filed Critical Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Publication of EP0433152A1 publication Critical patent/EP0433152A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/74—Cleaning the electrodes
    • B03C3/743—Cleaning the electrodes by using friction, e.g. by brushes or sliding elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/74—Cleaning the electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrostatic filter provided with an unclogging or cleaning system.
  • an electrostatic filter In the case of a cylindrical geometry, an electrostatic filter generally consists of a tube axially traversed by a tensioned wire, or of a network of such tubes in parallel. One end of the tube leads to an intake pipe and the other end to an exhaust pipe, and an axial circulation of a gas to be dedusted takes place in the tube.
  • the object of the invention is therefore an electrostatic filter provided with an effective unclogging device which is composed, for each of the filtration systems consisting of a tube and a wire, of a cleaning means extending in the section of the tube, a control means capable of engaging the cleaning means in the tube and disengaging it from the tube by axial sliding.
  • the systems further comprise an additional closure means controlled by the control means, for closing the tube when the cleaning means is engaged and opening the tube when the cleaning means is released.
  • the cleaning means can for example be brushes or scraper lips arranged around cores sliding around the wires.
  • the means for closing and opening the tubes can take on the appearance of cups placed on the cleaning means or sealing rings arranged around the cores, and seals arranged on the cores and around the wires.
  • the tubes are constituted with an enlarged upper part in which the respective cup slides and a retaining part, located below the upper part, on which the cups abut.
  • the counterweights are on the other hand, like the cable to which they are suspended, separated from the respective wire by an electrical insulating zone when the corresponding cleaning means slides in the tube to carry out sweeping.
  • the electrical circuit consisting of the wire, the cleaning means, the cup, the counterweight and the cable is interrupted when the brush slides in the tube and the doctor blade.
  • the core can be provided with a wire scraping element.
  • FIG. 1A represents a single electrostatic filter consisting of a vertical tube 1 which opens at its lower end to a gas inlet pipe 2 via a closed tank 3 and at its upper end to an outlet pipe 4 via a funnel 5.
  • the funnel 5 is closed at the top by a cover 6 which is provided with a central opening closed by an insulating plug 7.
  • An electric power cable 8 arrives at the plug 7 and extends downward, in the tube 1, by a conductive wire 9 which passes through the plug 7 and which is stretched by a counterweight 10 inside the tank 3 Thanks to the electric power cable 8, the conducting wire 9 is brought to a potential different from that of the tube 1 connected to earth.
  • the plug 7 is provided with two other openings for the passage of two cables 11 from which is suspended a core 12 of cylindrical shape and which carries on its periphery the bristles, arranged in a radiating manner, of a brush 13.
  • the core 12 comprises a central opening into which the conductive wire 9 has been introduced.
  • the cleaning therefore consists in periodically sliding the brush 13 along the conducting wire 9 and the tube 1.
  • the solid deposits torn off fall to the bottom of the reservoir 3 which, for this purpose, extends notably below the lower end of the tube 1.
  • the brush 13 can be provided on the core 12 with a lip seal 14 which scrapes the conductive wire 9 and removes the deposit which may possibly cover it.
  • the openings of the plug 7 are provided with seals, not shown, which maintain the confinement of the gas flow.
  • the bristles of the brush 13, or of other materials such as felts for example, are of a nature suitable for removing the solid deposit as a function of the nature and the cohesion of this deposit. They can be provided metallic if necessary.
  • a cup 15 is placed on the core 12 and the brush 13 when they are in the funnel 5, and its diameter is greater than that of the tube 1 so that it comes to rest on the funnel 5, effectively obstructing the tube 1, when the cleaning is carried out and the brush 13 scrapes the wall of the tube 1. No rise in dust is to be feared.
  • the ropes 11 and the core 12 are advantageously made of electrical insulating material, but they can also be conductive. In all cases, it is necessary to interrupt the electrical supply to the conductive wire 9 during unclogging in order to avoid short-circuits with the tube 1.
  • the cleaning and sealing system is different in Figure 1B.
  • the central core 13 is replaced by a piston body 16 suspended from the cables 11 and whose diameter is almost equal to that of the tube 1. It carries on a top circumference a sealing ring 17 which rubs on the internal surface of the tube 1 and, on a lower circumference, a scraping lip 18 which scrapes the internal surface of the tube 1 and loosens the deposited dust.
  • the tube has a uniform section in this design.
  • the funnel 5 is therefore replaced by an electrically insulating jacket 20 in the form of a cylinder which extends the tube 1 proper.
  • the outlet pipe 4 opens downwards from the jacket 20; the piston body 16 is hoisted above this connection between two unclogging operations.
  • the filter of Figures 2, 3 and 4 is composed of six parallel vertical tubes 21 regularly distributed over a circle around a central tube 22 inactive.
  • the gas leaves the device via the outlet pipe 4 above the tubes 21 as in the previous embodiment, after passing through a collection tank 25.
  • the tubes 21 are connected to the collection tank 25 by funnels 26 made of insulating material each comprising an upper conical part 27 and a lower cylindrical connection part 28.
  • An insulating cover 29 is mounted on the upper face of the collection tank 25 and supports six motors 30, better represented in FIG. 3 and each of which drives a drum 31 from which hangs a rope 32 to which a brush 33 is suspended.
  • the conducting wires 34 stretched axially in the tubes 21 are fixed by their upper end to the cover 29 and are not directly connected to the electrical potential necessary for filtering.
  • the wires 34 extend into the distribution tank 24 where they are stretched by weights 35; to take account of the vortex circulation of gas, an insulating support piece 36 is incorporated into the device consisting of a plug 37 secured to the central tube 22, a rod 38 secured to the plug 37 and a star 39 secured to the stem 38 and the end of each of the branches has a hole in which a conductive wire 34 is threaded.
  • Figure 4 also shows the star 39.
  • the brushes 33 consist of a core 40 sliding on a respective conductive wire 34, of electrically conductive material and in electrical contact with the wire 34, of brush bristles or other materials for scraping the internal wall of the tubes 21 and d a cup 41 of electrically conductive material placed on the core 40, extending over the entire section of the tube 21 and provided with a passage opening for the rope 32 and the conductive wire 34.
  • the funnels 26 meet at a point-like confluence 42 where six conductive cables 43 are hung, each extending in a funnel 26 and terminated at their end by a counterweight 44.
  • An electric power cable 45 passes through the cover 29 by an insulating lug and carries the conducting cables 43 to the electrical potential intended for the conducting wires 34.
  • the conducting cable 43 corresponding to the tube 21 in question hangs against the funnel 26, and we note that its length is sufficient for the flyweight 44 door against the cylindrical part 28.
  • the funnel 26 is made of insulating material, the potential of the conductive cable 43 cannot be communicated to the conductive wire 34, and therefore no short-circuit due to the brush 33 is to be feared.
  • the cup 41 is used to close the tube 21 subjected to unclogging and rests at this time on an abutment surface 46 established on the cylindrical connection part 28, but which could also be established on the tube 21 itself.
  • the brushes 33 of the other tubes 21 are raised in the funnels 26 and the collection tank 25.
  • the cup 41 has been lifted from the abutment surface 46 by the core 40 and has collected the counterweight 44.
  • the conducting wire 34 is therefore brought to the potential necessary for filtration by means of a circuit comprising the electrical supply cable 45, a conductive cable 43, the cup 41 and the core 40. It is therefore possible to continue filtration even though one of the tubes 21 is subjected to unclogging and that there is a single device for feeding the conductive wires 34, that is to say which only branches out inside the device.
  • the cup 41 on the abutment surface 46 suppresses any gas flow through the tube 21 subjected to unclogging and temporarily unable to ensure filtration.
  • the cables 32 or 11 can be electrically conductive if necessary, for example if the gas is at high temperature.
  • the parts on which the they are wound or suspended, such as the drums 31, are then insulating.
  • the gases advantageously circulate upwardly through the tubes 1 or 21, so that the detached dust moves away falling from the installations downstream of the filter.

Abstract

Electrostatic filter provided for removing dust from gases and comprising a tube (1) traversed by an axial wire (9) at a different electrical potential. In order to clean the tube (1) of the dust deposit adhering to the wall, there is provision for a brush (13) actuated from the outside in order to slide in the tube (1) and a sealed means (15) for closing off the tube during the cleaning operation. No dismantling of the installation is therefore necessary. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention a trait à un filtre électrostatique pourvu d'un système de décolmatage ou de nettoyage.The invention relates to an electrostatic filter provided with an unclogging or cleaning system.

Dans le cas d'une géométrie cylindrique, un filtre électrostatique se compose généralement d'un tube traversé axialement par un fil tendu, ou d'un réseau de tels tubes en parallèle. Une extrémité du tube débouche sur une canalisation d'admission et l'autre extrémité sur une canalisation d'échappement, et une circulation axiale d'un gaz à dépoussiérer a lieu dans le tube.In the case of a cylindrical geometry, an electrostatic filter generally consists of a tube axially traversed by a tensioned wire, or of a network of such tubes in parallel. One end of the tube leads to an intake pipe and the other end to an exhaust pipe, and an axial circulation of a gas to be dedusted takes place in the tube.

En portant le fil à un potentiel différent de celui du tube, le gaz est ionisé, ce qui provoque en conséquence la charge électrique des poussières qui sont alors attirées par le tube auquel elles finissent par adhérer. Il se forme donc un dépôt sur la paroi interne du tube qu'il est nécessaire de nettoyer périodiquement. On peut avoir recours à un nettoyage en milieu liquide mais ce procédé a l'inconvénient de produire un volume d'effluents important qu'il faut pouvoir traiter ou stocker notamment dans le cas d'effluents radioactifs. Par contre, si on reste en voie sèche, on aura recours classiquement à des décolmatages de nature mécanique en infligeant au tube des chocs ou des ondes acoustiques, mais l'action ainsi produite n'est pas forcément efficace pour tous les types de poussières rencontrés.By bringing the wire to a potential different from that of the tube, the gas is ionized, which consequently causes the electrical charge of the dust which is then attracted by the tube to which they end up adhering. A deposit is therefore formed on the internal wall of the tube which it is necessary to clean periodically. It is possible to use cleaning in a liquid medium, but this process has the drawback of producing a large volume of effluents which must be able to be treated or stored, in particular in the case of radioactive effluents. On the other hand, if we remain in the dry process, we will conventionally resort to unclogging of a mechanical nature by inflicting shocks or acoustic waves on the tube, but the action thus produced is not necessarily effective for all the types of dust encountered. .

Il existe encore des systèmes dans lesquels une brosse ou un moyen de nettoyage équivalent coulisse dans le tube en raclant sa paroi, mais ils présentent l'inconvénient que la poussière est partiellement remise en suspension et qu'une quantité non négligeable parvient en aval du filtre, car l'alimentation électrique du tube doit être coupée pendant le nettoyage.There are still systems in which a brush or equivalent cleaning means slides in the tube by scraping its wall, but they have the disadvantage that the dust is partially resuspended and that a non-negligible quantity reaches downstream of the filter, since the electrical supply to the tube must be cut during cleaning.

L'objet de l'invention est donc un filtre électrostatique muni d'un dispositif de décolmatage efficace qui se compose, pour chacun des systèmes de filtration constitué d'un tube et d'un fil, d'un moyen de nettoyage s'étendant dans la section du tube, d'un moyen de commande apte à engager le moyen de nettoyage dans le tube et à le dégager du tube par coulissement axial. Les systèmes comprennent en outre un moyen supplémentaire d'obturation commandé par le moyen de commande, pour obturer le tube quand le moyen de nettoyage est engagé et ouvrir le tube quand le moyen de nettoyage est dégagé. Une barrière de confinement presque parfaite vis-à-vis des poussières remises en suspension est donc constituée.The object of the invention is therefore an electrostatic filter provided with an effective unclogging device which is composed, for each of the filtration systems consisting of a tube and a wire, of a cleaning means extending in the section of the tube, a control means capable of engaging the cleaning means in the tube and disengaging it from the tube by axial sliding. The systems further comprise an additional closure means controlled by the control means, for closing the tube when the cleaning means is engaged and opening the tube when the cleaning means is released. An almost perfect containment barrier against resuspended dust is therefore created.

Les moyens de nettoyage peuvent être par exemple des brosses ou des lèvres racleuses disposées autour de noyaux coulissant autour des fils. Les moyens d'obturation et d'ouverture des tubes peuvent prendre l'aspect de coupelles posées sur les moyens de nettoyage ou de bagues d'étanchéité disposées autour des noyaux, et des joints d'étanchéité disposés sur les noyaux et autour des fils. Dans le cas de coupelles, les tubes sont constitués avec une partie supérieure élargie dans laquelle la coupelle respective coulisse et une partie de retenue, située en dessous de la partie supérieure, sur laquelle les coupelles viennent buter.The cleaning means can for example be brushes or scraper lips arranged around cores sliding around the wires. The means for closing and opening the tubes can take on the appearance of cups placed on the cleaning means or sealing rings arranged around the cores, and seals arranged on the cores and around the wires. In the case of cups, the tubes are constituted with an enlarged upper part in which the respective cup slides and a retaining part, located below the upper part, on which the cups abut.

Au cours du, nettoyage, l'écoulement de gaz à travers un tube est donc interrompu. Les effets de cette interruption sont atténués si on dispose en parallèle plusieurs systèmes de filtration dont un seul à la fois est décolmaté. Un nouveau problème apparaît alors, car il est préférable d'utiliser un dispositif commun pour alimenter les fils, qui doivent donc rester au potentiel de fonctionnement pendant le décolmatage. Or, notamment pour des gaz à haute température, on est amené à construire le moyen de nettoyage en matériau conducteur. Les courts-circuits entre fil et tube peuvent malgré cela être évités si le circuit d'alimentation se ramifie en câbles, auxquels une masselotte est suspendue, associés à des fils respectifs. Le filtre est alors constitué de sorte que les masselottes sont recueillies par des coupelles conductrices électriques respectives posées sur les moyens de nettoyage lorsqu'ils sont dégagés des tubes. Les masselottes sont par contre, de même que le câble auquel elles sont suspendues, séparées du fil respectif par une zone isolante électrique lorsque le moyen de nettoyage correspondant coulisse dans le tube pour effectuer le ramonage. Avec une telle disposition, le circuit électrique constitué du fil, du moyen de nettoyage, de la coupelle, de la masselotte et du câble est interrompu quand la brosse coulisse dans le tube et le racle.During cleaning, the flow of gas through a tube is therefore interrupted. The effects of this interruption are mitigated if several filtration systems are available in parallel, only one of which is unclogged at the same time. A new problem then appears, because it is preferable to use a common device to supply the wires, which must therefore remain at the operating potential during unclogging. However, in particular for gases at high temperature, it is necessary to construct the cleaning means from conductive material. Short-circuits between wire and tube can nevertheless be avoided if the supply circuit branches into cables, to which a flyweight is suspended, associated with respective wires. The filter is then formed so that the weights are collected by respective electrically conductive cups placed on the cleaning means when they are released from the tubes. The counterweights are on the other hand, like the cable to which they are suspended, separated from the respective wire by an electrical insulating zone when the corresponding cleaning means slides in the tube to carry out sweeping. With such an arrangement, the electrical circuit consisting of the wire, the cleaning means, the cup, the counterweight and the cable is interrupted when the brush slides in the tube and the doctor blade.

Enfin, le noyau peut être pourvu d'un élément de raclage du fil.Finally, the core can be provided with a wire scraping element.

On va maintenant passer à la description détaillée de l'invention à l'aide des figures suivantes annexées à titre illustratif et non limitatif:

  • - les figures 1A et 1B représentent deux premières réalisations de l'invention;
  • - la figure 2, une troisième réalisation de l'invention;
  • - la figure 3 est une vue de dessus de la figure 2 avec une coupe selon la ligne III-III; et
  • - la figure 4 est un détail vu de dessous.
We will now proceed to the detailed description of the invention with the aid of the following figures which are annexed by way of illustration and not limitation:
  • - Figures 1A and 1B show two first embodiments of the invention;
  • - Figure 2, a third embodiment of the invention;
  • - Figure 3 is a top view of Figure 2 with a section along the line III-III; and
  • - Figure 4 is a detail seen from below.

La figure 1A représente un filtre électrostatique unique constitué d'un tube 1 vertical qui débouche par son extrémité inférieure sur une canalisation d'entrée de gaz 2 par l'intermédiaire d'un réservoir 3 clos et par son extrémité supérieure sur une canalisation de sortie 4 par l'intermédiaire d'un entonnoir 5. L'entonnoir 5 est refermé au sommet par un couvercle 6 qui est muni d'une ouverture centrale obturée par un bouchon 7 isolant. Un câble d'alimentation électrique 8 arrive au bouchon 7 et se prolonge vers le bas, dans le tube 1, par un fil conducteur 9 qui passe à travers le bouchon 7 et qui est tendu par une masselotte 10 à l'intérieur du réservoir 3. Grâce au câble d'alimentation électrique 8, le fil conducteur 9 est porté à un potentiel différent de celui du tube 1 relié à la terre.FIG. 1A represents a single electrostatic filter consisting of a vertical tube 1 which opens at its lower end to a gas inlet pipe 2 via a closed tank 3 and at its upper end to an outlet pipe 4 via a funnel 5. The funnel 5 is closed at the top by a cover 6 which is provided with a central opening closed by an insulating plug 7. An electric power cable 8 arrives at the plug 7 and extends downward, in the tube 1, by a conductive wire 9 which passes through the plug 7 and which is stretched by a counterweight 10 inside the tank 3 Thanks to the electric power cable 8, the conducting wire 9 is brought to a potential different from that of the tube 1 connected to earth.

Le bouchon 7 est pourvu de deux autres ouvertures pour le passage de deux filins 11 auxquels est suspendu un noyau 12 de forme cylindrique et qui porte sur sa périphérie les poils, disposés de manière rayonnante, d'une brosse 13. Le noyau 12 comprend une ouverture centrale dans laquelle le fil conducteur 9 a été introduit. Il en résulte que, quand on abaisse ou élève les filins 11, la brosse 13 coulisse le long du fil 9 à l'intérieur du tube 1 et de l'entonnoir 5. Dans le premier cas, les poils de la brosse 13 raclent la paroi interne du tube 1; dans le second cas, la brosse 13 est hors de contact avec l'entonnoir 5 et n'entrave pas l'écoulement du gaz.The plug 7 is provided with two other openings for the passage of two cables 11 from which is suspended a core 12 of cylindrical shape and which carries on its periphery the bristles, arranged in a radiating manner, of a brush 13. The core 12 comprises a central opening into which the conductive wire 9 has been introduced. As a result, when the cables 11 are lowered or raised, the brush 13 slides along the wire 9 inside the tube 1 and the funnel 5. In the first case, the bristles of the brush 13 scrape the inner wall of tube 1; in the second case, the brush 13 is out of contact with the funnel 5 and does not obstruct the flow of gas.

Le nettoyage consiste donc à faire coulisser périodiquement la brosse 13 le long du fil conducteur 9 et du tube 1. Les dépôts solides arrachés tombent au fond du réservoir 3 qui, à cet effet, s'étend notablement au-dessous de l'extrémité inférieure du tube 1. La brosse 13 peut être munie sur le noyau 12 d'un joint à lèvre 14 qui racle le fil conducteur 9 et ôte le dépôt qui peut éventuellement le recouvrir.The cleaning therefore consists in periodically sliding the brush 13 along the conducting wire 9 and the tube 1. The solid deposits torn off fall to the bottom of the reservoir 3 which, for this purpose, extends notably below the lower end of the tube 1. The brush 13 can be provided on the core 12 with a lip seal 14 which scrapes the conductive wire 9 and removes the deposit which may possibly cover it.

Les ouvertures du bouchon 7 sont pourvues de joints d'étanchéité non représentés qui maintiennent le confinement de l'écoulement gazeux.The openings of the plug 7 are provided with seals, not shown, which maintain the confinement of the gas flow.

Les poils de la brosse 13, ou d'autres matériaux tels que des feutres par exemple, sont de nature adaptée à l'arrachage du dépôt solide en fonction de la nature et de la cohésion de ce dépôt. On peut les prévoir métalliques si nécessaire.The bristles of the brush 13, or of other materials such as felts for example, are of a nature suitable for removing the solid deposit as a function of the nature and the cohesion of this deposit. They can be provided metallic if necessary.

Une coupelle 15 est posée sur le noyau 12 et la brosse 13 quand ils sont dans l'entonnoir 5, et son diamètre est supérieur à celui du tube 1 de sorte qu'elle vient se poser sur l'entonnoir 5, obstruant efficacement le tube 1, lorsque le nettoyage est effectué et que la brosse 13 racle la paroi du tube 1. Aucune remontée de poussière n'est à craindre.A cup 15 is placed on the core 12 and the brush 13 when they are in the funnel 5, and its diameter is greater than that of the tube 1 so that it comes to rest on the funnel 5, effectively obstructing the tube 1, when the cleaning is carried out and the brush 13 scrapes the wall of the tube 1. No rise in dust is to be feared.

Les filins 11 et le noyau 12 sont avantageusement en matériau isolant électrique, mais ils peuvent aussi être conducteurs. Dans tous les cas, il est nécessaire d'interrompre l'alimentation électrique du fil conducteur 9 pendant le décolmatage afin d'éviter les courts-circuits avec le tube 1.The ropes 11 and the core 12 are advantageously made of electrical insulating material, but they can also be conductive. In all cases, it is necessary to interrupt the electrical supply to the conductive wire 9 during unclogging in order to avoid short-circuits with the tube 1.

Le système de nettoyage et d'obturation est différent sur la figure 1B. Le noyau central 13 est remplacé par un corps de piston 16 suspendu aux filins 11 et dont le diamètre est presque égal à celui du tube 1. Il porte sur une circonférence supérieure une bague d'étanchéité 17 qui frotte sur la surface interne du tube 1 et, sur une circonférence inférieure, une lèvre de raclage 18 qui racle la surface interne du tube 1 et détache la poussière déposée. Enfin, un presse-étoupe 19, porté par le corps de piston 16, racle le fil 9 pour le nettoyer et complète l'étanchéité en interdisant tout passage de gaz entre ces deux pièces.The cleaning and sealing system is different in Figure 1B. The central core 13 is replaced by a piston body 16 suspended from the cables 11 and whose diameter is almost equal to that of the tube 1. It carries on a top circumference a sealing ring 17 which rubs on the internal surface of the tube 1 and, on a lower circumference, a scraping lip 18 which scrapes the internal surface of the tube 1 and loosens the deposited dust. Finally, a cable gland 19, carried by the piston body 16, scrapes the wire 9 to clean it and completes the seal by preventing any passage of gas between these two parts.

Il est préférable que le tube ait une section uniforme dans cette conception. L'entonnoir 5 est donc remplacé par une chemise 20 isolante de l'électricité en forme de cylindre qui prolonge le tube 1 proprement dit.It is preferable that the tube has a uniform section in this design. The funnel 5 is therefore replaced by an electrically insulating jacket 20 in the form of a cylinder which extends the tube 1 proper.

La canalisation de sortie 4 débouche vers le bas de la chemise 20; le corps de piston 16 est hissé au-dessus de ce raccordement entre deux opérations de décolmatage.The outlet pipe 4 opens downwards from the jacket 20; the piston body 16 is hoisted above this connection between two unclogging operations.

Le filtre des figures 2, 3 et 4 est composé de six tubes 21 verticaux parallèles régulièrement répartis sur un cercle autour d'un tube central 22 inactif. Le gaz quitte le dispositif par la canalisation de sortie 4 au-dessus des tubes 21 comme dans la réalisation précédente, après avoir traversé un réservoir de collecte 25. On retrouve une canalisation d'entrée 23 par laquelle arrive le gaz à l'extrémité inférieure des tubes 21 après avoir traversé un réservoir de distribution 24, mais ici la canalisation d'entrée 23 est tangente à la paroi circonférentielle du réservoir de distribution 24 en débouchant dans celui-ci, de manière à constituer un cyclone où le gaz à dépoussiérer est soumis à une circulation en vortex devant l'embouchure des tubes 21, ce qui favorise une répartition uniforme des débits.The filter of Figures 2, 3 and 4 is composed of six parallel vertical tubes 21 regularly distributed over a circle around a central tube 22 inactive. The gas leaves the device via the outlet pipe 4 above the tubes 21 as in the previous embodiment, after passing through a collection tank 25. There is an inlet pipe 23 through which the gas arrives at the lower end tubes 21 after passing through a distribution tank 24, but here the inlet pipe 23 is tangent to the circumferential wall of the distribution tank 24 by opening into it, so as to constitute a cyclone where the gas to be dedusted is subjected to a vortex circulation in front of the mouth of the tubes 21, which promotes a uniform distribution of flow rates.

Les tubes 21 se raccordent au réservoir de collecte 25 par des entonnoirs 26 en matériau isolant comprenant chacun une partie conique 27 supérieure et une partie de raccordement 28 cylindrique inférieure.The tubes 21 are connected to the collection tank 25 by funnels 26 made of insulating material each comprising an upper conical part 27 and a lower cylindrical connection part 28.

Un couvercle isolant 29 est monté sur la face supérieure du réservoir de collecte 25 et supporte six moteurs 30, mieux représentés figure 3 et dont chacun entraîne un tambour 31 d'où pend un filin 32 auquel une brosse 33 est suspendue. Dans cette réalisation, les fils conducteurs 34 tendus axialement dans les tubes 21 sont fixés par leur extrémité supérieure au couvercle 29 et ne sont pas reliés directement au potentiel électrique nécessaire au filtrage.An insulating cover 29 is mounted on the upper face of the collection tank 25 and supports six motors 30, better represented in FIG. 3 and each of which drives a drum 31 from which hangs a rope 32 to which a brush 33 is suspended. In this realization, the conducting wires 34 stretched axially in the tubes 21 are fixed by their upper end to the cover 29 and are not directly connected to the electrical potential necessary for filtering.

Les fils 34 s'étendent jusque dans le réservoir de distribution 24 où ils sont tendus par des masselottes 35; pour tenir compte de la circulation en vortex du gaz, on incorpore au dispositif une pièce isolante de soutien 36 constituée d'un bouchon 37 solidaire du tube central 22, une tige 38 solidaire du bouchon 37 et d'une étoile 39 solidaire de la tige 38 et dont l'extrémité de chacune des branches comporte un trou dans lequel un fil conducteur 34 est enfilé. La figure 4 représente également l'étoile 39.The wires 34 extend into the distribution tank 24 where they are stretched by weights 35; to take account of the vortex circulation of gas, an insulating support piece 36 is incorporated into the device consisting of a plug 37 secured to the central tube 22, a rod 38 secured to the plug 37 and a star 39 secured to the stem 38 and the end of each of the branches has a hole in which a conductive wire 34 is threaded. Figure 4 also shows the star 39.

Les brosses 33 sont constituées d'un noyau 40 coulissant sur un fil conducteur 34 respectif, en matériau conducteur électrique et en contact électrique avec le fil 34, de poils de brosse ou d'autres matériaux pour racler la paroi interne des tubes 21 et d'une coupelle 41 en matériau conducteur électrique posée sur le noyau 40, s'étendant sur toute la section du tube 21 et pourvue d'une ouverture de passage pour le filin 32 et le fil conducteur 34.The brushes 33 consist of a core 40 sliding on a respective conductive wire 34, of electrically conductive material and in electrical contact with the wire 34, of brush bristles or other materials for scraping the internal wall of the tubes 21 and d a cup 41 of electrically conductive material placed on the core 40, extending over the entire section of the tube 21 and provided with a passage opening for the rope 32 and the conductive wire 34.

En s'élargissant, les entonnoirs 26 se rejoignent en un confluent 42 ponctuel où sont accrochés six câbles conducteurs 43 s'étendant chacun dans un entonnoir 26 et terminés à leur extrémité par une masselotte 44. Un câble d'alimentation électrique 45 traverse le couvercle 29 par une cosse isolante et porte les câbles conducteurs 43 au potentiel électrique destiné aux fils conducteurs 34. Quand une brosse 33 effectue un travail de décolmatage, le câble conducteur 43 correspondant au tube 21 en question pend contre l'entonnoir 26, et on remarque que sa longueur est suffisante pour que la masselotte 44 porte contre la partie cylindrique 28. Comme l'entonnoir 26 est en matériau isolant, le potentiel du câble conducteur 43 ne peut être communiqué au fil conducteur 34, et aucun court-circuit dû à la brosse 33 n'est donc à redouter.By widening, the funnels 26 meet at a point-like confluence 42 where six conductive cables 43 are hung, each extending in a funnel 26 and terminated at their end by a counterweight 44. An electric power cable 45 passes through the cover 29 by an insulating lug and carries the conducting cables 43 to the electrical potential intended for the conducting wires 34. When a brush 33 performs unclogging work, the conducting cable 43 corresponding to the tube 21 in question hangs against the funnel 26, and we note that its length is sufficient for the flyweight 44 door against the cylindrical part 28. As the funnel 26 is made of insulating material, the potential of the conductive cable 43 cannot be communicated to the conductive wire 34, and therefore no short-circuit due to the brush 33 is to be feared.

La coupelle 41 est utilisée pour obturer le tube 21 soumis au décolmatage et repose à ce moment sur une surface de butée 46 établie sur la partie de raccordement cylindrique 28, mais qui pourrait également être établi sur le tube 21 lui-même.The cup 41 is used to close the tube 21 subjected to unclogging and rests at this time on an abutment surface 46 established on the cylindrical connection part 28, but which could also be established on the tube 21 itself.

Les brosses 33 des autres tubes 21 sont remontées dans les entonnoirs 26 et le réservoir de collecte 25. Dans cette position, la coupelle 41 a été soulevée de la surface de butée 46 par le noyau 40 et a recueilli la masselotte 44. Le fil conducteur 34 est donc porté au potentiel nécessaire à la filtration grâce à un circuit comprenant le câble d'alimentation électrique 45, un câble conducteur 43, la coupelle 41 et le noyau 40. Il est donc possible de poursuivre la filtration alors même qu'un des tubes 21 est soumis à un décolmatage et qu'il existe un dispositif d'alimentation unique des fils conducteurs 34, c'est-à-dire qui ne se ramifie qu'à l'intérieur du dispositif. La coupelle 41 sur la surface de butée 46 supprime tout débit de gaz à travers le tube 21 soumis au décolmatage et temporairement incapable d'assurer la filtration.The brushes 33 of the other tubes 21 are raised in the funnels 26 and the collection tank 25. In this position, the cup 41 has been lifted from the abutment surface 46 by the core 40 and has collected the counterweight 44. The conducting wire 34 is therefore brought to the potential necessary for filtration by means of a circuit comprising the electrical supply cable 45, a conductive cable 43, the cup 41 and the core 40. It is therefore possible to continue filtration even though one of the tubes 21 is subjected to unclogging and that there is a single device for feeding the conductive wires 34, that is to say which only branches out inside the device. The cup 41 on the abutment surface 46 suppresses any gas flow through the tube 21 subjected to unclogging and temporarily unable to ensure filtration.

Les filins 32 ou 11 peuvent être conducteurs électriques si cela est nécessaire, par exemple si le gaz est à haute température. Les pièces sur lesquel les ils sont enroulés ou suspendus, telles que les tambours 31, sont alors isolantes.The cables 32 or 11 can be electrically conductive if necessary, for example if the gas is at high temperature. The parts on which the they are wound or suspended, such as the drums 31, are then insulating.

Les gaz circulent avantageusement vers le haut à travers les tubes 1 ou 21, de sorte que la poussière détachée s'éloigne en retombant des installations en aval du filtre.The gases advantageously circulate upwardly through the tubes 1 or 21, so that the detached dust moves away falling from the installations downstream of the filter.

Claims (11)

Filtre électrostatique comprenant au moins un système de filtration composé d'un tube (1, 21) dans lequel circule un gaz à dépoussiérer, un fil (9, 34) tendu axialement dans le tube, un circuit électrique (8, 43, 45) portant le fil et le tube à des potentiels électriques différents, un moyen de nettoyage (13, 18, 33) et un moyen de commande (11, 32) apte à engager le moyen de nettoyage dans le tube et à le dégager du tube par coulissement axial, caractérisé en ce que les systèmes comprennent en outre un moyen (15, 17, 41) commandé par le moyen de commande, pour obturer le tube quand le moyen de nettoyage est engagé et ouvrir le tube quand le moyen de nettoyage est dégagé.Electrostatic filter comprising at least one filtration system composed of a tube (1, 21) in which a gas to be dusted circulates, a wire (9, 34) stretched axially in the tube, an electrical circuit (8, 43, 45) bringing the wire and the tube to different electrical potentials, a cleaning means (13, 18, 33) and a control means (11, 32) capable of engaging the cleaning means in the tube and disengaging it from the tube by axial sliding, characterized in that the systems further comprise means (15, 17, 41) controlled by the control means, for closing the tube when the cleaning means is engaged and opening the tube when the cleaning means is released . Filtre électrostatique suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de nettoyage sont des brosses (13, 33).Electrostatic filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the cleaning means are brushes (13, 33). Filtre électrostatique suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de nettoyage comprennent un noyau central (12, 16, 40) qui coulisse sur le fil respectif.Electrostatic filter according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the cleaning means comprise a central core (12, 16, 40) which slides on the respective wire. Filtre électrostatique suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les moyens pour obturer et ouvrir le tube sont des bagues d'étanchéité (17) disposées autour des noyaux (16) et des joints d'étanchéité (19) disposés sur les noyaux et autour des fils.Electrostatic filter according to claim 3, characterized in that the means for closing and opening the tube are sealing rings (17) arranged around the cores (16) and seals (19) arranged on the cores and around sons. Filtre électrostatique suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de nettoyage sont des lèvres racleuses (18) disposées autour des noyaux (16).Electrostatic filter according to any one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the cleaning means are scraper lips (18) arranged around the cores (16). Filtre électrostatique suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les moyens pour obturer et ouvrir les tubes sont des coupelles (15, 41) posées sur les moyens de nettoyage, les tubes étant constitués avec une partie supérieure élargie (5, 27) dans laquelle la coupelle respective coulisse et une partie de retenue (46), située en dessous de la partie supérieure, sur laquelle les coupelles viennent buter.Electrostatic filter according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the means for closing and opening the tubes are cups (15, 41) placed on the cleaning means, the tubes being constituted with an enlarged upper part (5, 27) in which the respective cup slides and a retaining part (46), located below the upper part, on which the cups abut. Filtre électrostatique suivant la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la partie supérieure s'élargit en entonnoir.Electrostatic filter according to claim 6, characterized in that the upper part widens in a funnel. Filtre électrostatique suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de nettoyage (33) et les coupelles (41) sont des conducteurs de l'électricité et en ce que le circuit électrique comporte en outre pour chaque fil (34) un câble (43) auquel une masselotte (44) est suspendue, le filtre étant constitué de sorte que les masselottes sont recueillies par une coupelle lorsque le moyen de nettoyage correspondant est dégagé du tube et séparées du fil respectif par une zone isolante électrique (28) lorsque le moyen de nettoyage correspondant est engagé dans le tube.Electrostatic filter according to any one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the cleaning means (33) and the cups (41) are conductors of electricity and in that the electrical circuit also comprises for each wire (34) a cable (43) to which a counterweight (44) is suspended, the filter being formed so that the counterweights are collected by a cup when the corresponding cleaning means is released from the tube and separated from the respective wire by an insulating zone electric (28) when the corresponding cleaning means is engaged in the tube. Filtre électrostatique suivant les revendications 7 et 8, caractérisé en ce que les zones isolantes sont des parties des entonnoirs, les tubes débouchant sur un distributeur ou un collecteur commun (25).Electrostatic filter according to Claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the insulating zones are parts of the funnels, the tubes opening onto a common distributor or collector (25). Filtre électrostatique suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un distributeur d'entrée (24) constituant un cyclone en amont des tubes, dans lequel est assurée une circulation de gaz en vortex devant les tubes.Electrostatic filter according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises an inlet distributor (24) constituting a cyclone upstream of the tubes, in which a gas flow is vortexed in front of the tubes. Filtre électrostatique suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, dans lequel les tubes sont verticaux, caractérisé en ce que le gaz à dépoussiérer circule vers le haut et en ce que les moyens de nettoyage sont engagés dans les tubes en coulissant vers le bas.An electrostatic filter according to any of claims 1 to 10, wherein the tubes are vertical, characterized in that the gas to be dusted circulates upwards and in that the cleaning means are engaged in the tubes by sliding downwards.
EP90403509A 1989-12-12 1990-12-10 Electrofilter with cleaning system Withdrawn EP0433152A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8916392A FR2655570B1 (en) 1989-12-12 1989-12-12 ELECTROSTATIC FILTER PROVIDED WITH A CLEANING SYSTEM.
FR8916392 1989-12-12

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EP0433152A1 true EP0433152A1 (en) 1991-06-19

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EP (1) EP0433152A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH06142551A (en)
FR (1) FR2655570B1 (en)

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EP2060325A1 (en) 2007-11-19 2009-05-20 Paul Forsthuber Method for cleaning electrofilters and electrofilter for performing such a method
ITVI20090034A1 (en) * 2009-02-24 2009-05-26 Daisy Srl APPARATUS FOR FILLING THE THIN AUTO-CLEAN DUST FOR SMOKE RODS
DE102008012151A1 (en) * 2008-03-01 2009-09-10 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Collector stage of an electrostatic precipitator for the purification of flue gas resulting from combustion processes and method of operation
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EP2065094A3 (en) * 2007-11-27 2013-04-24 Meister Umwelt Technologie AG Electrostatic precipitator
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US6709484B2 (en) * 1998-11-05 2004-03-23 Sharper Image Corporation Electrode self-cleaning mechanism for electro-kinetic air transporter conditioner devices
US7767165B2 (en) 1998-11-05 2010-08-03 Sharper Image Acquisition Llc Personal electro-kinetic air transporter-conditioner
US8425658B2 (en) 1998-11-05 2013-04-23 Tessera, Inc. Electrode cleaning in an electro-kinetic air mover
US7662348B2 (en) 1998-11-05 2010-02-16 Sharper Image Acquistion LLC Air conditioner devices
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EP1038582A1 (en) * 1999-03-22 2000-09-27 Chin-Chu Chang An electrostatic dust-collecting device
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US7767169B2 (en) 2003-12-11 2010-08-03 Sharper Image Acquisition Llc Electro-kinetic air transporter-conditioner system and method to oxidize volatile organic compounds
US8043573B2 (en) 2004-02-18 2011-10-25 Tessera, Inc. Electro-kinetic air transporter with mechanism for emitter electrode travel past cleaning member
US6855190B1 (en) * 2004-04-12 2005-02-15 Sylmark Holdings Limited Cleaning mechanism for ion emitting air conditioning device
US7897118B2 (en) 2004-07-23 2011-03-01 Sharper Image Acquisition Llc Air conditioner device with removable driver electrodes
US7833322B2 (en) 2006-02-28 2010-11-16 Sharper Image Acquisition Llc Air treatment apparatus having a voltage control device responsive to current sensing
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US8482898B2 (en) 2010-04-30 2013-07-09 Tessera, Inc. Electrode conditioning in an electrohydrodynamic fluid accelerator device
US20110308773A1 (en) * 2010-06-21 2011-12-22 Tessera, Inc. Granular abrasive cleaning of an emitter wire
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US9579664B2 (en) * 2011-06-22 2017-02-28 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Cleaning device for cleaning the air-ionizing part of an electrode
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EP3492175A1 (en) 2017-12-04 2019-06-05 PHX Innovation ApS Electrostatic precipitator system having a grid for collection of particles
US11185871B2 (en) 2017-12-04 2021-11-30 Exodraft a/s Electrostatic precipitator system having a grid for collection of particles
CN109433423A (en) * 2018-11-26 2019-03-08 北京涌阔科技有限公司 A kind of energy-saving electrical dust arrester installation and its collecting method
CN109433423B (en) * 2018-11-26 2020-09-11 惠安畅悦工业产品设计有限公司 Energy-saving electric dust collection device and dust collection method thereof
US11635231B2 (en) 2019-09-03 2023-04-25 Sl-Technik Gmbh Rotating grate with a cleaning device for a biomass heating system
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EP4321252A1 (en) * 2022-08-05 2024-02-14 ELFIPROJEKT Sp. z o.o. Device and method for electrostatic precipitation of gases

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FR2655570B1 (en) 1992-06-19
FR2655570A1 (en) 1991-06-14
JPH06142551A (en) 1994-05-24

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