EP0043136A1 - Cutting disk provided with pigments - Google Patents
Cutting disk provided with pigments Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0043136A1 EP0043136A1 EP81105044A EP81105044A EP0043136A1 EP 0043136 A1 EP0043136 A1 EP 0043136A1 EP 81105044 A EP81105044 A EP 81105044A EP 81105044 A EP81105044 A EP 81105044A EP 0043136 A1 EP0043136 A1 EP 0043136A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- segment
- cutting
- core
- segments
- cutting disc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D61/00—Tools for sawing machines or sawing devices; Clamping devices for these tools
- B23D61/02—Circular saw blades
- B23D61/025—Details of saw blade body
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
- B24D5/12—Cut-off wheels
- B24D5/123—Cut-off wheels having different cutting segments
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
- B28D1/02—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing
- B28D1/12—Saw-blades or saw-discs specially adapted for working stone
- B28D1/121—Circular saw blades
Definitions
- the invention relates to circular, segmented cutting disks with relaxation bores leading to the outside of the core in the manner of slots.
- segmented cutting disks with slots, bores and the like leading from the core edge into the core interior, the function of which essentially consists in compensating for the thermal loads which occur locally when the segments are soldered onto the core and in preventing material deformities.
- expansion bores are each installed between two adjacent segments. The two lateral, non-curved boundaries within a segment are parallel in the known cutting disks (cf. FIG. 2).
- the object of the invention was to develop cutting discs which allow the dimensionally accurate cutting of hard and brittle materials, in particular elemental silicon, even with large-scale dimensional cuts, without having to accept the disadvantages described above.
- FIGS. 1 to 4 The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4:
- FIG. 2 shows the shape of the segments 1 according to the invention and their arrangement on the cutting disc core 2.
- FIG. 2 shows the segment shape and arrangement of standard models for comparison: while in standard models the spacing 3 of adjacent segments 4 in the direction of the cutting breast increases, the segments 1 according to the invention shaped so that their distance 5 is constant over the entire segment height.
- FIG. 3 shows the partial cross section in the area III-III of FIG. 4 of a preferred embodiment of a cutting disc according to the invention.
- the flanks 6 of the segments 1 are preferably ground. From a technical point of view, relief grinding angles ⁇ of 0 to 1 ° are preferred, 35 to 48 minutes are preferred.
- the segments 1 protrude axially with a projection A on both sides over the cutting wheel core 2.
- Figure 4 shows the side view of a cutting disc according to the invention! be in the neckline.
- the expansion bores 7 leading to the outside of the core in the manner of slots are made within the segments 1. They are in the middle of segment 1, i.e. half the length of the segment.
- the cutting disks can also have less symmetry than shown in FIG. 4.
- a lower symmetry can be achieved by using the following measures, individually or in combination.
- the cutting discs can be equipped with segments of different lengths.
- the expansion holes leading to the outside of the core in the manner of a slot can be offset from the center of the segments 1.
- cut-out disks according to the invention of less symmetry are sketched, which are especially designed to reduce the noise development during the cutting process.
- the expansion bores are arranged within a segment 1, but offset in gasoline to the center (M) of the segment by (B).
- the scope for the transfer is within 1/20 to 1/2 of the segment length.
- FIG. 6 shows a cutting disc according to the invention with alternating segment lengths L 1 , L 2 .
- the length ratio of successive segments 1 ', 1 " can vary between 1: 1 and 1: 4.
- the segment lengths L 1 , L 2 are generally between 15 and 60 mm, the segment height H up to 10 mm, but usually up to 5 mm.
- the spacing 5 of the segments is between 0.5 and 5 mm, it being possible for 1/50 to 1/800, preferably 1/100 to 1/400 of the disk diameter D to define the relationship of the segment spacing to the disk size.
- the slot width 10 of the expansion holes 7 is between 0.01 and 5 mm, preferably about 0.5 mm.
- the diameter 11 of the expansion bores 7 can be up to 5 mm, the lower limit naturally being the slot width d a r.
- the slot depth 12 is 1/10 to 1/40, depending on the disk size, preferably 1/15 to 1/20 of the disk diameter.
- cutting discs according to the invention are matched in particular to the requirements of large-area dimensional cuts, cutting discs according to the invention can have a diameter of 1800 mm, for example.
- the core is formed from materials that have previously been used to manufacture cutting discs. Steel with a Rockwell hardness of 40 to 45 is preferred for the separation of elemental silicon.
- the cutting discs according to the invention have proven particularly useful for large-scale dimensional cuts on hard and brittle materials with immersion depths above 140 mm.
- these are separators however, slices are also suitable for smaller dimensional cuts, in which, in principle, full-length slices can still be used, compared to which the cutting discs according to the invention, however, are distinguished by longer service lives due to better cooling of the cutting face.
- the dressing intervals could be extended considerably compared to standard segment saws: average cutting performance of 3.8 m 2 compared to 1.3 m 2 for standard models was achieved when cutting elemental silicon.
- the cutting discs according to the invention meet the current occupational safety requirements due to the significantly reduced noise during the sawing process.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft kreisförmige, segmentierte Trennscheiben mit schlitzartig zur Kernaußenseite führenden Entspannungsboh- rungen.The invention relates to circular, segmented cutting disks with relaxation bores leading to the outside of the core in the manner of slots.
Zum maßhaltigen Trennen harter und spröder Materialien werden, zur Vermeidung von Kühlproblemen, zumindest für großflächige Maßschnitte nicht Vollkranzsägen, sondern segmentierte Trennscheiben eingesetzt. Derartige Trennscheiben werden beispielsweise auf dem Gebiet der Steinbearbeitung verwendet.For the dimensionally accurate cutting of hard and brittle materials, to avoid cooling problems, at least for large-scale dimensional cuts, not full-fledged saws, but segmented cutting discs are used. Such cutting discs are used for example in the field of stone processing.
Es ist weiterhin bekannt, segmentierte Trennscheiben mit, vom Kernrand in das Kerninnere führenden Schlitzen, Bohrungen und dergleichen zu versehen, deren Funktion im wesentlichen darin besteht, die beim Auflöten der Segmente auf den Kern örtlich auftretenden Wärmebelastungen auszugleichen und Materialdeformatianen zu verhindern. Solche Entspannungsbohrungen sind bei den bekannten Segmenttrennscheiben jeweils zwischen zwei benachbarten Segmenten angebracht. Die beiden seitlichen, nicht gekrümmten Begrenzungen innerhalb eines Segments sind bei den bekannten Trennscheiben parallel (vgl. hierzu Fig. 2).It is also known to provide segmented cutting disks with slots, bores and the like leading from the core edge into the core interior, the function of which essentially consists in compensating for the thermal loads which occur locally when the segments are soldered onto the core and in preventing material deformities. In the known segment cutting disks, such expansion bores are each installed between two adjacent segments. The two lateral, non-curved boundaries within a segment are parallel in the known cutting disks (cf. FIG. 2).
Nachteiligerweise treten beim Sägevorgang mit üblichen segmentierten Trennscheiben beträchtliche Seitenschwingungen des Segmente auf, die die Maßhaltigkeit des Werkstückes beeinträchtigen. Es ist weiterhin hinlänglich das Problem bekannt, daß es beim Trennen spröder Materialien mit segmentierten Trennscheiben gewöhnlich zu Materialzerstörungen, wie Ausbrüchen, Mikrorissen, die im ungünstigen Fall bis ins Innere des Werkstückes reichen, und dergleichen mehr, kommt.Disadvantageously, considerable lateral vibrations of the segments occur during the sawing process with conventional segmented cutting discs, which impair the dimensional accuracy of the workpiece. The problem is also well known that when brittle materials with segmented cutting discs are cut, material breakdowns usually occur, such as breakouts, microcracks, which in the worst case reach into the interior of the workpiece, and the like, and the like.
Bei der Bearbeitung wertvoller Materialien, im besonderen je- doch auf dem Gebiet der Siliciumsolarzellen-Ilerstellung.sind die oben beschriebenen Nachteile nicht mehr tragbar. Vielmehr müssen an die Leistungsfähigkeit der Trennscheiben in Bezug auf erzielbare Maßhaltigkeit des Schnitts und Vermeidung der oben beschriebenen Materialzerstörungen Forderungen gestellt werden, die von Trennscheiben bekannter Spezifikation nicht erfüllt werden.When processing of valuable materials, especially ever - but in the field of silicon solar cell Ilerstellung.sind the disadvantages described above unsustainable. Rather, requirements must be placed on the performance of the cutting discs with regard to the achievable dimensional accuracy of the cut and avoidance of the material destruction described above, which are not met by cutting discs of known specification.
Aufgabe der Erfindung war es nun, Trennscheiben zu entwickeln, die das maßhaltige Trennen harter und spröder Materialien, insbesondere elementaren Siliciums, auch bei großflächigen Maßschnitten gestatten, ohne die oben beschriebenen Nachteile in Kauf nehmen zu müssen.The object of the invention was to develop cutting discs which allow the dimensionally accurate cutting of hard and brittle materials, in particular elemental silicon, even with large-scale dimensional cuts, without having to accept the disadvantages described above.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch kreisförmige, segmentierte Trennscheiben mit schlitzartig zur Kernaußenseite führenden Ent- spannungsbohrungen, die dadurch gekennzeichnet sind, daß
- a) der Abstand benachbarter Segmente über die gesamte Segmenthöhe konstant ist und
- b) jede schlitzartig zur Kernaußenseite führende Entspannungsbohrung innerhalb eines Segments liegt.
- a ) the distance between adjacent segments is constant over the entire segment height and
- b) each relaxation hole leading to the outside of the core lies within a segment.
Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der Figuren 1 bis 4 näher erläutert:The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4:
Figur zeigt die erfindungsgemäße Form der Segmente 1, sowie ihre Anordnung auf dem Trennscheibenkern 2. Figur 2 zeigt zum Vergleich die Segmentform- und Anordnung von Standardmodellen: Während sich bei Standardmodellen der Abstand 3 benachbarter Segmente 4 in Richtung Schneidbrust vergrößert, sind die erfindungsgemäßen Segmente 1 so geformt, daß ihr Abstand 5 über die gesamte Segmenthöhe konstant ist.FIG. 2 shows the shape of the
In Figur 3 ist der partielle Querschnitt im Bereich III - III von Figur 4 einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Trennscheibe dargestellt. Die Flanken 6 der Segmente 1 sind bevorzugt hinterschliffen. Technisch sinnvoll sind Hinterschleifwinkel α von 0 bis 1°, bevorzugt sind 35 bis 48 min. Die Segmente 1 ragen axial mit Überstand A beidseitig über den Trennscheibenkern 2. FIG. 3 shows the partial cross section in the area III-III of FIG. 4 of a preferred embodiment of a cutting disc according to the invention. The
Figur 4 zeigt die Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Trennschei- ! be im Ausschnitt. Die schlitzartig zur Kernaußenseite führenden Entspannungsbohrungen 7 sind innerhalb der Segmente 1 angebracht. Sie liegen in der Mitte des Segments 1, also auf halber Segmentlänge.Figure 4 shows the side view of a cutting disc according to the invention! be in the neckline. The expansion bores 7 leading to the outside of the core in the manner of slots are made within the
Erfiridungsgemäß können die Trennscheiben auch geringere Symmetrie aufweisen, als in Figur 4 dargestellt. Eine geringere Symmetrie kann durch die Anwendung folgender Maßnahmen, einzeln oder in Kombination, erreicht werden.According to the invention, the cutting disks can also have less symmetry than shown in FIG. 4. A lower symmetry can be achieved by using the following measures, individually or in combination.
1. Die Trennscheiben können mit Segmenten verschiedener Länge ausgestattet werden.1. The cutting discs can be equipped with segments of different lengths.
2. Die schlitzartig zur Kernaußenseite führenden Entspannungsbohrungen können von der Mitte der Segmente 1 versetzt angebracht werden.2. The expansion holes leading to the outside of the core in the manner of a slot can be offset from the center of the
.In Fig. 5 und Fig. 6 sind ausschnittsweise erfindungsgemäße Trennscheiben von geringerer Symmetrie skizziert, die insbesondere darauf abgestimmt sind, die Geräuschentwicklung beim Trennvorgang zu mindern.5 and FIG. 6, cut-out disks according to the invention of less symmetry are sketched, which are especially designed to reduce the noise development during the cutting process.
Gemäß Figur 5 sind bei konstanter Segmentlänge der Segmente 1 die Entspannungsbohrungen zwar innerhalb eines Segments 1, jedoch in Benzug auf die Mitte (M) des Segments um (B) versetzt angeordnet. Der Spielraum für die Versetzung liegt innerhalb 1/20 bis 1/2 der Segmentlänge.According to FIG. 5, if the segment length of the
Figur 6 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Trennscheibe mit alternierenden Segmentlängen L1, L2. Das Längenverhältnis aufeinanderfolgender Segmente 1', 1" kann zwischen 1 : 1 und 1 : 4 variieren.FIG. 6 shows a cutting disc according to the invention with alternating segment lengths L 1 , L 2 . The length ratio of
Die Segmentlängen L1, L2 betragen in der Regel zwischen 15 und 60 mm, die Segmenthöhe H bis zu 10 mm, normalerweise jedoch bis zu 5 mm.The segment lengths L 1 , L 2 are generally between 15 and 60 mm, the segment height H up to 10 mm, but usually up to 5 mm.
Der Abstand 5 der Segmente liegt zwischen 0,5 und 5 mm, wobei mit 1/50 bis 1/800, bevorzugt 1/100 bis 1/400 des Scheibendurchmessers D die Relation des Segmentabstandes zur Scheibengröße definiert werden kann.The
Die Schlitzbreite 10 der Entspannungsbohrungen 7 beträgt zwischen 0,01 und 5 mm, bevorzugt etwa 0,5 mm.The
Der Durchmesser 11 der Entspannungsbohrungen 7 kann bis zu 5 mm betragen, wobei die Untergrenze naturgemäß die Schlitzbreite dar stellt.The diameter 11 of the
Die Schlitztiefe 12 beträgt, abhängig von der Scheibengröße 1/10 bis 1/40, bevorzugt 1/15 bis 1/20 des Scheibendurchmessers.The
Da die erfindungsgemäßen Trennscheiben insbesondere für die Erfordernisse großflächiger Maßschnitte abgestimmt sind, können erfindungsgemäße Trennscheiben beispielsweise einen Durchmesser von 1800 mm besitzen.Since the cutting discs according to the invention are matched in particular to the requirements of large-area dimensional cuts, cutting discs according to the invention can have a diameter of 1800 mm, for example.
Der Kern wird aus Materialien geformt, die auch bereits bisher zur Herstellung von Trennscheiben verwendet wurden. Zum Trennen elementaren Siliciums wird Stahl mit einer Rockwell-Härte von 40 bis 45 bevorzugt.The core is formed from materials that have previously been used to manufacture cutting discs. Steel with a Rockwell hardness of 40 to 45 is preferred for the separation of elemental silicon.
Für die Segmente wird ebenfalls übliches Material wie beispielsweise für solche Zwecke bekannte Bronzen eingesetzt.Common material such as bronzes known for such purposes is also used for the segments.
Die Abstimmung solcher Abmessungen (wie beispielsweise das Verhältnis von Scheibendurchmesser zu Scheibendicke usw.) ist dem Fachmann geläufig; sie erfolgt analog den Standardmodellen.The coordination of such dimensions (such as the ratio of disk diameter to disk thickness etc.) is familiar to the person skilled in the art; it is carried out in the same way as the standard models.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Trennscheiben bewähren sich insbesondere bei großflächigen Maßschnitten an harten und spröden Stoffen mit Eintauchtiefen über 140 mm. Selbstverständlich sind diese Trennscheiben jedoch auch für kleinere Maßschnitte geeignet, bei denen im Prinzip noch Vollganzscheiben eingesetzt werden können, gegenüber denen sich die erfindungsgemäßen Trennscheiben jedoch, infolge besserer Kühlung der Schneidbrust, durch höhere Standzeiten auszeichnen.The cutting discs according to the invention have proven particularly useful for large-scale dimensional cuts on hard and brittle materials with immersion depths above 140 mm. Of course, these are separators however, slices are also suitable for smaller dimensional cuts, in which, in principle, full-length slices can still be used, compared to which the cutting discs according to the invention, however, are distinguished by longer service lives due to better cooling of the cutting face.
Neben den erfindungsgemäßen Vorteilen der Vermeidung von Materialzerstörungen, konnten im Vergleich zu Standardsegmentsägen die Abrichtintervalle wesentlich verlängert werden: so wurden beim Trennen elementaren Siliciums durchschnittliche Schneidleistungen von 3,8 m2 gegenüber 1,3 m2 bei Standardmodellen erzielt. Darüberhinaus erfüllen die.erfindungsgemäßen Trennscheiben aufgrund der deutlich verminderten Geräuschentwicklung beim Sägevorgang die aktuellen Erfordernisse des Arbeitsschutzes.In addition to the advantages according to the invention of avoiding material destruction, the dressing intervals could be extended considerably compared to standard segment saws: average cutting performance of 3.8 m 2 compared to 1.3 m 2 for standard models was achieved when cutting elemental silicon. In addition, the cutting discs according to the invention meet the current occupational safety requirements due to the significantly reduced noise during the sawing process.
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT81105044T ATE5464T1 (en) | 1980-07-01 | 1981-06-30 | SEGMENTED CUTTING DISC. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19803024850 DE3024850A1 (en) | 1980-07-01 | 1980-07-01 | SEGMENTED CUTTING DISC |
DE3024850 | 1980-07-01 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0043136A1 true EP0043136A1 (en) | 1982-01-06 |
EP0043136B1 EP0043136B1 (en) | 1983-11-30 |
Family
ID=6106112
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP81105044A Expired EP0043136B1 (en) | 1980-07-01 | 1981-06-30 | Cutting disk provided with pigments |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0043136B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5715675A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE5464T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE3024850A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES267746Y (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002002265A1 (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2002-01-10 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Saw blade for cutting integrated circuit package boards |
WO2014131823A1 (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2014-09-04 | Tutech Innovations Gmbh | Method for producing contours which are curved once or multiple times, and a corresponding tool |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3225019A1 (en) * | 1982-07-05 | 1984-01-05 | Fa. Röttger Jansen-Herfeld, 5630 Remscheid | Tool with shrinkage slot |
JPS62110864U (en) * | 1985-12-27 | 1987-07-15 | ||
DE3629894A1 (en) * | 1986-08-29 | 1988-03-03 | Mannesmann Ag | SYSTEM FOR THE SURFACE TREATMENT OF CONTINUOUSLY CONTINUOUS TAPES, IN PARTICULAR BEATING SYSTEM |
JPS63158716U (en) * | 1987-04-01 | 1988-10-18 |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2815746A (en) * | 1957-04-10 | 1957-12-10 | Cons Diamond Tool Corp | Cut-off blades for abrasive bodies and their production |
US2818850A (en) * | 1955-07-06 | 1958-01-07 | Cons Diamond Tool Corp | Cut off blades for abrasive bodies and their production |
US3069816A (en) * | 1959-04-22 | 1962-12-25 | Vanguard Abrasive Corp | Abrasive cut-off disks |
US3763601A (en) * | 1972-05-15 | 1973-10-09 | Ferro Corp | Diamond abrasive cut-off wheel |
US3795078A (en) * | 1972-11-01 | 1974-03-05 | Norton Co | Segmental cut-off wheel |
AT316343B (en) * | 1972-05-15 | 1974-07-10 | Swarovski Tyrolit Schleif | Carrier body for segment grinding wheels |
US3863401A (en) * | 1971-06-16 | 1975-02-04 | Ferro Corp | Diamond abrasive cut-off wheel |
-
1980
- 1980-07-01 DE DE19803024850 patent/DE3024850A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1981
- 1981-04-20 JP JP5866481A patent/JPS5715675A/en active Granted
- 1981-06-29 ES ES1981267746U patent/ES267746Y/en not_active Expired
- 1981-06-30 EP EP81105044A patent/EP0043136B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-06-30 AT AT81105044T patent/ATE5464T1/en active
- 1981-06-30 DE DE8181105044T patent/DE3161548D1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2818850A (en) * | 1955-07-06 | 1958-01-07 | Cons Diamond Tool Corp | Cut off blades for abrasive bodies and their production |
US2815746A (en) * | 1957-04-10 | 1957-12-10 | Cons Diamond Tool Corp | Cut-off blades for abrasive bodies and their production |
US3069816A (en) * | 1959-04-22 | 1962-12-25 | Vanguard Abrasive Corp | Abrasive cut-off disks |
US3863401A (en) * | 1971-06-16 | 1975-02-04 | Ferro Corp | Diamond abrasive cut-off wheel |
US3763601A (en) * | 1972-05-15 | 1973-10-09 | Ferro Corp | Diamond abrasive cut-off wheel |
AT316343B (en) * | 1972-05-15 | 1974-07-10 | Swarovski Tyrolit Schleif | Carrier body for segment grinding wheels |
US3795078A (en) * | 1972-11-01 | 1974-03-05 | Norton Co | Segmental cut-off wheel |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002002265A1 (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2002-01-10 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Saw blade for cutting integrated circuit package boards |
US6422229B1 (en) | 2000-06-29 | 2002-07-23 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Saw blade for cutting integrated circuit package boards |
WO2014131823A1 (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2014-09-04 | Tutech Innovations Gmbh | Method for producing contours which are curved once or multiple times, and a corresponding tool |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3161548D1 (en) | 1984-01-05 |
ES267746Y (en) | 1983-10-16 |
DE3024850A1 (en) | 1982-01-28 |
JPS5715675A (en) | 1982-01-27 |
ATE5464T1 (en) | 1983-12-15 |
ES267746U (en) | 1983-04-01 |
EP0043136B1 (en) | 1983-11-30 |
JPS613631B2 (en) | 1986-02-03 |
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