DE2506974A1 - Jet orifices in plane bottom and on runway - are takeoff and landing aids giving lift and reducing runway length and stalling speed - Google Patents

Abstract

The take off and landing aids are jet orifices underneath the body and/or the wings of the aircraft, towards the rear, from which air, gas or vapour can be blown forwards under the body/wings. In addition, there may be jet orifices or other openings in the runaway surface through which air, gas or vapour at ambient or higher temperature can be blown upwards. Trough-shaped runways provide further assistance. Control of emissions through the runaway can be from the aircraft of the airfield control tower. Provision can be made to emit foam for energy landings.

Description

Take-off, flight and landing aids.

The invention relates to take-off, flight and landing aids for aircraft, as well as for aerospace facilities.

For the lift of an aircraft, the wing profile is and their angle of attack is of crucial importance. Increase with the angle of attack the lift coefficients up to a certain maximum limit. Will this be critical If the maximum limit is exceeded, the lift coefficients drop rapidly until finally the aircraft sags in the stalled state.

Furthermore, these are the maximum values of lift achieved with hydrofoils relatively small and therefore require large wings and very high minimum speeds flying, taking off and landing. These require high minimum speeds each have extremely long runways and are dangerous when taking off and landing. Around 7G Vo of all aircraft accidents in commercial aviation occur according to statistics when starting and landing. Both flight phases are in relation to the total trip of only a very short duration. but they play at much too high minimum speeds under which an airplane can neither take off nor land today0 are at takeoff it is caused by the high bearing pressure of the wheels on the chassis Frictional forces that make taking off the aircraft so difficult and unusual require long approaches on the runways. When landing are again the relevant drag forces compared to the braking forces relatively small at takeoff, so that at today's high landing speeds very large runways and miles of runways are required.

In order to achieve an additional uplift are today so-called Slat flaps and wing flaps are used, however, for an essential Reducing the high minimum speeds is not sufficient.

The invention is based on the task of the previous buoyancy to increase significantly and thereby a lower minimum speed during of flight, take off and landing.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that countercurrent devices (4.8) in the case of the flying object from nozzles or openings (9) between the front and the rear in the middle area and / or in the area of the rear half of the wing (6) and / or the fuselage (7) are arranged below the same, forward air, Gases, vapors or the like. (1, 2) under the wing respectively.

blow under the fuselage that on the runways (13,14,15,16) Artificially an updraft is created by using nozzles or openings (9) in the ground the runways are arranged, upwards air, gases, vapors or the like. (10) be blown off so that the runways (15, 16) are trough-shaped or trough-shaped are designed that the above features are combined with one another or only some of them can be used for take-off, flight and landing.

As a further embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that Air currents, gases, vapors or the like (10) through nozzles or openings (9) in the base of the starting and runways (13,14,15,16) are blown obliquely or radially (R) upwards that an upward compression of the flow and thus a gain of uptake close to the ground is achieved that artificially a thermal updraft on runways (13,14,15,16) is formed by making out nozzles or openings (9), which are arranged in the floor of the runways, heated air currents, Gases, vapors or the like (10) are blown off upwards that chemical products such as Foam, artificial snow, liquefied gases, etc. through nozzles or openings (9) in the bottom of Runways (14,16) are blown up (10), that blowing off air currents, gases, vapors or the like (1, 2) to the front and its strength is controlled from the flying object, while blowing up (10) from the ground the runways (13,14,15,16), as well as its strength and temperature from The flying object is controlled remotely from the control tower or from another location.

The advantages achieved with the invention are mainly that by means of the countercurrent devices, through the artificial updraft on the Runways and their trough or trough-shaped design, together or individually a significant increase in lift and thereby a reduction in the minimum speed is achieved.

This means that shorter take-off and landing distances are required.

Due to the increased lift, the wings can be significantly smaller and in this way higher airspeeds can be achieved, what is also important for space travel. The one through the countercurrent devices The increased lift achieved enables flying at very high altitudes. With the invention achieved lift forces and lower minimum speeds are suitable also for take-off, flight and landing of aerospace facilities.

If necessary, e.g. during the flight, in the event of imminent danger, the pilot can during emergency landings, when entering the air-diluted space, etc., those under the wings and turn on countercurrent devices under the fuselage to increase buoyancy to increase. By remote control he can create an artificial updraft on the runway cause, whereby the ground buoyancy is increased. It can also be used during landings or emergency landings a foam carpet on the runway by remote control by the pilot or be erected from the control tower. Flight safety is this way elevated.

The increased ground lift acts on the runways like a kind of air cushion, which makes take-off and landing much easier. When starting, the bearing pressure of the wheels is reduced by the increased ground lift Strong chassis reduced and directly the frictional force and so the doll resistance is reduced so that a quick take-off is possible. The start-up time and run-up distance are thus advantageously shortened.

The warmed air currents blown off above on the start and Runways not only provide thermal lift, they also work as a result of their dryness caused by heating, they dissolve a mist, whereby the visibility in fog on the runways is improved.

Some embodiments of the invention are in the drawings and are described in more detail below.

ns show: FIG. 1 an aircraft in elevation and in FIG. 2 the same in FIG Floor plan with a fan (4) on each side under the wings (6) is built in. These fans are connected to a pipe with several Nozzles (9) in the rear area under the wings side by side symmetrically are attached, which follow the air (3) sucked in from the back by the blowers Blow off at the front (1). Furthermore, there is under the fuselage (7) in the rearward area the same a fan (8) which sucks in air (5) from behind and this by means of the nozzles (9) blows off towards the front (2), blowing off towards the front can be performed as required parallel to the underside of the wings and fuselage or diagonally downwards (2 Fig. 5) or upwards or diagonally to the right or left instead of the blower (4,8), pressure vessels e.g.

Tanks for compressed resp. liquid air, gases, etc.

which are connected to the nozzles (9) accordingly 0 The forward and opposite to the airborne wind (20) through the countercurrent devices blown air (1,2) accumulates as a result of the countercurrent under the wings and Hull and thereby causes a substantial increase in buoyancy and a smaller tine speed of the aircraft.

3 shows a flat runway (13) with an aircraft taking off in the Cut to size with electrically driven blowers (11) with superheaters on both sides for warm air are installed underground. From these directions, means a pipe network (12) passed cold or iiarmluft under the runway (15) and blown upwards (10) by means of nozzles (9), so that an updraft over the runway that can be controlled wirelessly by pilots or from the control tower. Blowing off the cold or dry air (10) can be perpendicular to runways or at an angle upwards.

The aircraft takes off due to the artificially generated updraft increased buoyancy, which reduces the bearing pressure of the wheels on the chassis and thereby indirectly reduces the rolling resistance when starting off and thus a short one and enables a quick start.

Fig. 4 is a channel-shaped runway (15) in cross section, the bottom Is formed in the shape of a circular arc with the radius R, whereby an increased buoyancy is achieved near the ground during take-off and landing. The bottom can also be elliptical or shaped according to other curves, or flat and curved to the side in the Ijitte or just executed.

A further increase in buoyancy is achieved by the radial blow-off from -, arm air (10) upwards by means of the nozzles (9), which creates a strong There is an updraft that creates buoyancy. Together these buoyancy forces result in a Reduction of the rolling resistance when starting and thus a significant reduction the start-up path and the start-up time, as well as a reduction in the minimum speed speed when starting.

The channel-shaped one would be analogous to the runway (15) in cross-section Runway (16). The increased buoyancy near the ground then acts like an air cushion on which the landing aircraft at a greatly reduced landing speed touches down, Fig. 5 shows a flat runway (14) in longitudinal section, at the from nozzles (9) fiarmluft (10) vertically or diagonally upwards to the landing Aircraft is blown off opposite, whereby the ground lift is increased. Besides that can by means of the fans (4,8) of the countercurrent devices, which are below in the rear In the area of the wings and the fuselage are attached, air (1,2) blown off to the front will. After these air currents (1,2) are directed opposite to the airborne wind are, these accumulate under the wings and the fuselage and thus call a reinforced Lift. Taking off and landing with the help of the countercurrent devices can also take place on conventional airfields and runways, FIG. 6 shows a flat runway (14) Seen from above with a landing airliner O The runway center line is marked here as usual by underfloor lamps (17), as well as the side edges the runway by lamps (18) arranged one behind the other. In the bottom of the touchdown zone (14) according to the invention, plates provided with openings are attached, under which are the nozzles (9), which cold or warm air (10) up through the Blow off the openings in the panels. Instead of plates, grids and perforated sheets can also be used odglO be used in the ground0 Blowing off dry warm air (10) after The top also has a fog-dissolving effect, which improves visibility on the runway in fog will0 Chemical substances (10) can also be used on the runway (14) for the establishment of foam carpets and the like. blown up through nozzles or openings (9), by connecting to the associated pipeline network pressure vessels with the liquid or gaseous Substances are connected.

In this way, emergency landings can also be made on the runway (14) 0 The updraft (10) generated in the touchdown zone, as well as the blowing off of chemical substances and the like. is wireless from the pilot or from the control tower remote controlled.

7 a spacecraft seen from above before and during the landing approach.

Its extremely high speed is controlled by switching before landing the engines (19) forward or by special brake motors on a smaller one Landing speed slowed down. Below the trunk (7) are located in the rear Part of the same acting as Gegenstromvorrich device fan (8), which the Blow back air (5) sucked in from the rear using nozzles (9) to the front (2).

The wings (6) are with consideration for the extremely high speeds tapering to the front, elongated and developed with very small spans. The air stuck under the wings in channel-shaped tracks (23 Fig. 4) can sideways does not escape as easily as with flat tracks (Fig. 3), which is also the case Reinforcement of the ground lift contributes.

Fig. 8 is a channel-shaped runway (15) in longitudinal section with a launching spacecraft. Jet engines are used for take-off and for flight in the airspace (19) and rocket engines (21) for flight in space. The rolling resistance is greatly reduced according to the invention by the artificially generated updraft, the by blowing off:; warm or cold air (10) upwards. Come in addition nor the increased lift caused by the trough-shaped design of the runway is caused.

During take-off and during flight, the fans (8) of the counter-current device can be switched on to achieve an additional increase in buoyancy.

9 shows a channel-shaped runway (16) in cross section with a landing space glider. By acting as a counterflow device (4) air is sucked in from behind and blown off to the front. The bottom of that runway is flat in the middle and circular arc-shaped on both sides. On both sides the runway are electrically driven blowers (11) provided by means of an underground pipeline network (12) Viarm or cold air under guide the runway and then blow it off radially upwards from nozzles (9). the radially blown air then compresses a little higher to a more or less perpendicular air flow, which is a significant gain as a result of compression of the ground lift results. Blowing off the cold or warm air (10) can also be carried out vertically upwards from the beginning in order to increase the ground lift to achieve.

Similarly, through the nozzles or openings (9) in the floor of the runway (16), which according to the invention can also be flat (FIG. 6), also chemical Substances, in particular those for foam carpets (24) for emergency landings or as landing aids for aircraft and spacecraft to be blown off. On the other hand, you can use for starting and land the trough-shaped or trough-shaped tracks (15, 16) even without the blowing off of cold or warm air (10) can be provided.

The channel-shaped formation of a runway has one Enhancement of the ground lift result. This phenomenon can be theoretically explain as follows.

With gliders you can see a significant decrease in the rate of descent when landing near the ground, observe what is known to happen on those near the ground occurring ground buoyancy is due. The lines of force of this lift are directed perpendicular to the ground surface and therefore appear perpendicular on a flat runway nach oben0 If, according to the invention, the track is now seen in the form of a channel zoBo in cross section If formed recessed in the shape of a circular arc, then the run perpendicular to the bottom surface directed lines of force no longer perpendicular upwards, but radially in the direction to the center point (M) of the circular arc-shaped depression0 A compression thus occurs of the lines of force and thus an increase in ground lift. The smaller the Radius (R) of the circular arc-shaped depression, the greater the compression of the lines of force and thereby also the buoyancy near the ground.

Claims (8)

Claims. 1. Take-off, flight and landing aids for aircraft, as well as for flight facilities space travel, characterized in that countercurrent devices (4, 8) at the flying object from nozzles or openings (9), which between front and rear in the middle area and / or in the area of the rear half of the wing (6) and / or the fuselage (7) are arranged below the same, to the front air, water, vapors or the likeO (1,2) under the wings respectively. blow off under the trunk. 2. Take-off, flight and landing aids for aircraft, as well as for flight facilities space travel, further characterized in that on the runways (13,14,15,16) an updraft is created artificially by means of nozzles or openings (9), which are arranged in the floor of the runways, above air, gases, Vapors or the like (10) are blown off. Take-off, aircraft and landing aids for aircraft and for flight facilities space travel, further characterized in that the runways (15, 16) are formed trough or trough-shaped. 4. Take-off, flight and landing aids for aircraft, as well as for flight facilities of space travel, further characterized in that the preceding features of the claims 1 to 3 combined with each other or just some of them accordingly for start, Flight and landing are used0 5. Take-off, flight and landing aids according to the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that air flows, gases, vapors or the like (10) through nozzles or openings (9) in the floor of runways (13,14,15,16) at such an incline or radial (R) blown upwards that an upwardly increasing compression the flow and thus an increase in lift close to the ground is achieved0 6th Take-off, flight and landing aids according to Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that an artificial thermal updraft on runways (13,14,15,16) is formed by nozzles or openings (9) in the bottom of the start and Runways are arranged, heated air currents, gases, vapors or the like. (1C) can be blown off upwards. 7. take-off, flight and landing aids according to claims 1 to 6, thereby marked that chemical products such as foam, artificial snow, liquefied Gases etc. through nozzles or openings (9) in the floor of runways (14, 16) above (10) are blown off. 8. take-off, flight and landing aids according to claims 1 to 7, thereby marked that blowing off the air streams, gases, vapors or the like. (1,2) to the front and whose strength is controlled from the flying object while blowing up (10) from the floor of the runways (13,14,15,16), as well as its thickness and Temperature from the flying object, from the control tower or from another location remotely controlled will.