CN1720466A - Apparatus for forming variable fluid meniscus configurations - Google Patents

Apparatus for forming variable fluid meniscus configurations Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1720466A
CN1720466A CN 200380104830 CN200380104830A CN1720466A CN 1720466 A CN1720466 A CN 1720466A CN 200380104830 CN200380104830 CN 200380104830 CN 200380104830 A CN200380104830 A CN 200380104830A CN 1720466 A CN1720466 A CN 1720466A
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Prior art keywords
fluid
meniscus
electrode
electric wetting
voltage
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CN 200380104830
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CN1325944C (en
Inventor
S·库伊珀
G·F·A·范德瓦尔勒
E·M·沃特林克
M·J·W·梅坦斯
B·J·菲恩斯特拉
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
    • A61B1/041—Capsule endoscopes for imaging

Abstract

The present invention provides an apparatus for providing a fluid meniscus with variable configurations by means of electrowetting. A fluid chamber (5) holds two different fluids (A, B) separated by a meniscus (14) of which the edge, having different sides, is constrained by the fluid chamber. A first electrowetting electrode (2a) is arranged to act on a first side of the meniscus edge and a second electrowetting electrode (2a') is arranged to act separately on a second side of the meniscus edge. Selected meniscus configurations can be formed by providing selected voltages to the first and second electrowetting electrodes respectively.

Description

Form the device of variable fluid meniscus configurations
Technical field
The present invention relates to form the device of variable fluid meniscus configurations.
Background technology
Among the open WO99/18456 of international monopoly a kind of variable meniscus has been described.In this device, lens comprise the case that is full of conducting liquid, and insulation, immiscible drop are contained in the surf zone of tank wall.Combination by means of hydrophobic layer and contiguous hydrophilic layer makes drop place this zone.Make the lensing upper surface of drop become bigger convex surface to the electrode application voltage in the case.In one embodiment, hydrophobic and hydrophilic layer is provided with along the face of cylinder, by hydrophilic layer, and each side that makes drop by a series of axially spaced electrode along each side of cylinder when applying voltage is along the cylinder axial location when not applying voltage, and centers thus.
Among the open WO00/58763 of international monopoly the further variable meniscus with a kind of like this layout has been described.It is to form belled recess at adjustable lens by insulation course that being used for of proposing makes the method at dielectric titration center.The drop that the both sides of recess are set to keep feeling relieved and provides the lens-shaped surface on drop in recess.Because the bottom of recess is by forming with recess side identical materials, if therefore lens functions, so this material must be chosen as transparent.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide improvement, the layout of described variable falcate such as above-mentioned prior art to variable meniscus.
According to one aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of wetting and the device with varistructured fluid menisci is provided by means of electricity, this device comprises:
Fluid tank;
By two kinds of different fluid that meniscus separates, the edge of meniscus has not ipsilateral, is limited by fluid tank;
The first electric wetting electrode and the second electric wetting electrode, the first electric wetting electrode are set to first side of meniscus edge is worked, and the second electric wetting electrode is set to second side of meniscus edge is independently worked; And
Voltage control system is used for providing different voltages to the described first and second electric wetting electrodes respectively, to form selected meniscus configurations.
This device on the one hand of the present invention, when as optical device, forming can be about the rotational symmetric required fluid meniscus configurations of equipment optical axis.For example, can provide structure with respect to inclined light shaft and/or astigmatism.The scope of fluid meniscus configurations can form according to variable, controllable mode.Exemplary meniscus configurations comprises flat shape and anamorphic lens shapes, and these shapes can realize the accurate refraction or the reflection angle deflection of light in reaching three dimensions.Apply at the two ends of electrode and public electrode under the application of variable voltage patterns, can be accurately and form meniscus configurations effectively.Utilize same device and dissimilar voltage patterns can also form the meniscus lens structure of other types, for example approximate spherical lens shape and complicated lens shape more.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of device is provided, comprise the imageing sensor that is used for document image scenery, the structure below the shape that variable fluid menisci and controller, this controller are suitable for changing meniscus provides at least:
First structure of convertible fluids meniscus, described first structure guides the first area of image scene to be recorded towards described sensor orientation; And
Second structure of convertible fluids meniscus, described second structure guides the different second area of image scene to be recorded towards described sensor orientation.
This device on the one hand of the present invention allows the high resolution digital image of record object image scene, and does not need high-resolution sensor.Present image recording method comprises the expensive and complicated imaging sensor of use.Of the present invention this utilizes convertible fluids meniscus device to provide new method for effectively and simply the writing down of high resolution digital image of target image scenery on the one hand.
In addition, this image scene recording technique provides the method that is better than known superresolution rate for digital imagery.These methods only comprise uses once effectively image improvement algorithm to image scene to be recorded, and each image-region is bonded together.And, when each image-region clearly during imaging, applied for the joining technique that obtains whole document images be a kind of simple relatively image processing step.
According to a further aspect in the invention, provide a kind of by means of the wetting device with varistructured fluid menisci that provides of electricity, this device comprises:
One group of fluid forms the first fluid meniscus and second fluid menisci between each different fluid, each fluid menisci has variable structure;
One group of electrode, be set to by electricity wetting to this group fluid acts, to change the structure of first and second fluid menisci; And
Voltage control system is used for providing selected voltage to described electrode group, so that described first and second fluid menisci form selected structure.
By two different meniscuss are formed selected structure, this device can be used for changing by two steps the wavefront of radiation laser beam, first such change is passed first meniscus by radiation laser beam and is finished, and second such change passed second meniscus by radiation laser beam and finished.In one embodiment, above-mentioned one group of fluid containment is in the single fluid case; In this embodiment, one of fluid is preferably formed the central common fluid composition between first and second meniscuss.In another embodiment, this group fluid is arranged in two fluid tank, and each fluid tank is held one of first and second meniscuss.In one embodiment, the structure that electrode is configured such that first and second meniscuss can be controlled independently; In another embodiment, electrode being configured such that first and second meniscuss depend on each other controls.
According to a further aspect of the invention, provide a kind of medical imaging apparatus, comprise the box that is used in the body, described box comprises imageing sensor (34) and the convertible fluids meniscus device (32) that is used to write down in-vivo image scenery.
Convertible fluids meniscus device can be lens and/or deflector.Operation for as the device of deflector preferably provides a controller to medical imaging apparatus, and this controller is suitable for the shape of the convertible fluids meniscus of modifier, thus the structure below providing at least:
First structure of convertible fluids meniscus is used for the first in-vivo image Scenery Imaging to described imageing sensor; And
Second structure of convertible fluids meniscus is used for the second different in-vivo image Scenery Imaging to described imageing sensor.
In this device, the box with the focus of continuous variable and/or variable directed imaging function can be arranged in compactness, low-power consumption and the light-duty assembly.
The features and advantages of the present invention will from the following only mode by example provide and the description of with reference to the accompanying drawings the preferred embodiment of the invention apparent.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 to 3 illustrates according to the variable anamorphic lens shape device of one embodiment of the invention simplified side view cross section in the various focusing stage;
Fig. 4 illustrates according to the top view cross section of one embodiment of the invention for electrode structure used in the variable anamorphic lens shape device;
Fig. 5 illustrates according to one embodiment of the invention for another used electrode structure in the variable anamorphic lens shape device;
Fig. 6 illustrates according to one embodiment of the invention for a used electrode structure again in the variable anamorphic lens shape device;
Fig. 7 illustrates according to the diagram of one embodiment of the invention at the impressed voltage at electrode structure two ends;
Fig. 8 to 10 illustrates the simplified side view cross section according to the fluid menisci device that is suitable for refract light deflection of a plurality of embodiments of the present invention;
Figure 11 illustrates the simplified side view cross section that is suitable for the fluid menisci device of reflected light deflection according to of the present invention; And
Figure 12 illustrates can deflection and the cross-sectional side view of the fluid menisci device of focused beam according to one embodiment of the invention;
Figure 13 illustrates according to the utilization of one embodiment of the invention and pieces together the image scene of catching that the embedding method constitutes.
Figure 14 illustrates the schematic cross-section of the box camera that is provided with according to one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 to 3 shows that according to the present invention an embodiment is used to form the schematic side elevation cross section of the device of variable distortion meniscus lens shape.Device in this embodiment is a kind of distortion meniscus lens of variable-focus, the a plurality of electricity that are cylindrical arrangement wetting (electrowetting) electrode that the optical axis 1 of the light beam that is arranged side by side and is provided with respect to suitable light source 3 arranges is provided described lens, described electrode is called the side wall sections electrode, this suitable light source 3 is semiconductor laser for example, but should note, in all below embodiments, if this device is used for for example camera, so available for example image (image scene) replaces described light source.For being described below of the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function of lens.
Fig. 4 illustrates in this embodiment from the xsect perpendicular to the layout of the resulting a plurality of segment electrodes of the direction of optical axis 1 around lens axis 1.The side wall sections electrode divides into groups in couples, for example uses mark 2a and 2a ', and 2b and 2b ' wait and illustrate.Each element in the pair of electrodes is all with parallel at another of optical axis 1 opposite side.The voltage control circuit (not shown) links to each other with electrode lay-out (electrode configuration), so that segment electrode 2 is applied variable voltage patterns.
The arrangement of segment electrode 2 forms the pipe of sealing together with fluid contact layer 10 by means of front element 4 and back element 6, thereby forms the fluid tank of holding two kinds of fluids.In this embodiment, front and back element 4 and 6 is respectively transparent.
In this embodiment, these two kinds of fluids are made up of two kinds of immiscible liquid, first liquid A of promptly non-conductive, nonpolar form, and as silicone oil or alkane, and second liquid B of conduction, polar form, as brine solution.These two kinds of liquid preferably are set to have equal density, thereby make lens function not depend on the location, promptly do not depend on two kinds of gravitational effects (effect) between the liquid.This can realize by the component of suitable selection first and second liquid.
According to the selection to the oil that is used for liquid A, the refractive index of oil can change between 1.25 and 2.00.Equally, when liquid B was brine solution, according to the amount of the salt that is added, the refractive index of this solution can change between 1.33 and 1.60.Should be noted that and utilize interchangeable conducting liquid, for example ethylene glycol can reach higher refractive index.Select liquid in this embodiment, make the refractive index of first liquid A be higher than the refractive index of second liquid B.
The side wall sections electrode is formed by the conductive material of for example metal, and applies the insulation course 8 that is formed by for example parylene.Each independent segment electrode also insulate with respect to contiguous electrode.The internal surface of column of describing by the arrangement of segment electrode is coated with continuously, the fluid contact layer 10 of uniform thickness, has reduced the hysteresis of the contact angle of meniscus and fluid tank cylindrical wall.Fluid contact layer is preferably formed by unbodied fluorocarbon, as DuPont TMThe insulation Teflon that produces TMAF1600.When not applying voltage, because of the wettable of the fluid contact layer of second fluid equates with the both sides, intersection of fluid contact layer 10 basically at meniscus 14.In addition, insulation course and fluid contact layer can comprise the Teflon of single continuous and uniform thickness simply TMThe AF1600 layer.
In this embodiment, the public endwall electrode 12 of annular is arranged on an end of fluid tank, in this case, and the contiguous back element of this electrode.At least a portion of endwall electrode 12 is arranged in the fluid tank, thereby this electrode pair second fluid B is worked.
In this embodiment, two kinds of fluid A and B are immiscible liquid, thereby are easy to be divided into two kinds of fluids that separated by meniscus 14.Meniscus 14 has a continuous boundary that contacts with fluid contact layer 10.When not applying voltage between sidewall and the endwall electrode, fluid contact layer is higher with respect to the wettable of second liquid B with respect to the wettable ratio of first liquid A.Because electricity is wetting, between side wall sections electrode 2 and endwall electrode 12, apply under the voltage condition, because of the wettable of second liquid B changes, this is easy to change the meniscus contact angle that (osculatory between fluid contact layer 10 and two kind of liquid A and the B) located at its edge.Therefore, make the shape variable of meniscus according to the impressed voltage at each segment electrode 2 place.
Fig. 1 to 3 utilizes a plurality of side wall sections electrodes 2 of identical impressed voltage parallel drive to make meniscus adopt the graphic extension of the example of various rotational symmetric approximate spherical lens shape.To describe what use is made of after a while and put on that the different voltage levels of different electrodes produce variable anamorphic lens shapes in the controlled patterns.
With reference now to Fig. 1,, when applying for example low-voltage V between the 0V and 20V between side wall sections electrode 2 and the endwall electrode 1The time, meniscus adopts the first recessed meniscus shape.In this configuration, the initial contact angle θ between meniscus that records in the liquid B and the fluid contact layer 10 1For example be about 140 °.Because the refractive index of first liquid A is higher than second liquid B, therefore the lens that formed by meniscus are called meniscus lens here, have higher relatively negative power in this configuration.
In order to reduce the concavity of meniscus shape, between side wall sections electrode 2 and endwall electrode 12, apply higher voltage.With reference now to Fig. 2,, when according to the thickness of insulation course and applying for example medium voltage V between the 20V and 150V between the electrode 2The time, meniscus adopts the second recessed meniscus shape, and this meniscus shape is compared radius-of-curvature and is increased with the meniscus among Fig. 1.In this configuration, the indirect feeler θ between first liquid A and the fluid contact layer 10 2For example be about 100 °.Because the refractive index of first liquid A is higher than second liquid B, therefore the meniscus lens in this configuration has relatively low negative power.
In order to produce convex meniscus shape, between side wall sections electrode 2 and endwall electrode 12, apply even the voltage of high-amplitude more.With reference now to Fig. 3,, when between electrode, applying for example relative higher voltage V of 150V to 200V 3The time, meniscus adopts convex meniscus shape.In this configuration, the maximum contact angle θ between first liquid A and the fluid contact layer 10 3For example be about 60 °.Because the refractive index of first liquid A is higher than second liquid B, therefore meniscus lens in this configuration has positive light coke.
Like this, by the variation of impressed voltage, in the plane of side wall sections electrode pair, produce the meniscus lens shape of various approximate sphere.
Two focal line places that anamorphote generally focuses on incident ray common quadrature and axially separates.Anamorphote presents the focal power or the magnification of different value on the axle of two common quadratures, one of these two axles are called cylindrical coordinates axle (cylindrical axis), are positioned at the plane vertical with optical axis.These focusing performances embody optical states " astigmatism ".Anamorphic lens shapes comprises the shape of approximate cylinder and approximate goalpost surface properties.
By at each side wall sections electrode pair 2a and 2a ', 2b waits with 2b ' and the two ends of endwall electrode 12 apply independent and different voltage, and distortion meniscus lens shape can form the astigmatism with variable optical strength and/or variable number and type.On the direction of meniscus lens circumference, the impressed voltage between the side wall sections electrode gradually changes.Average impressed voltage is relevant with focal power, and the maximum voltage variation is relevant with cylindrical value.
Fig. 7 illustrates the diagram of making the voltage relative value of the voltage patterns that anamorphic lens shapes applied according to being.The arbitrary voltage relative value that applies at the electrode place can determine that position, described suitable angle is corresponding about the position, angle of optical axis 65 with electrode centers by the radial distance that calculates between two lines 64,66 of suitable position, angle.Hereinafter, the position, angle is corresponding near the position the circumference of the segment electrode arrangement that utilizes Fig. 5 a to describe.This diagram is illustrated in the curve map on the Z-axis of change in voltage, described curve map corresponding to the perpendicular viewgraph of cross-section of the optical axis of fluid meniscus lens.This diagram illustrates and is perpendicular to one another first 60 and second 62 that are provided with.First 60 cylindrical coordinates axle corresponding to meniscus shape.Circular periphery line 64 is used for representing center all possible positions around optical axis of segment electrode 30 (Fig. 7 is not shown).This diagram also illustrates the corresponding position, center with two pairs of rectangular section electrodes that are perpendicular to one another; Be respectively 68,70, in this case respectively along axle 60 and 62.
Impressed voltage line 66 relatively illustrates the corresponding impressed voltage value of point on the circumference 64 with electrode spread.In this diagram, the radial distance between the corresponding point on the point on the impressed voltage line 66 and the circumference 64 is represented relative impressed voltage, and the common radial line is arranged in and becomes the special angle place with one of spools 60 or 62.For instance, shown in Fig. 7, the point on the mark 72 expression impressed voltage lines 66, the corresponding point on the mark 74 expression circumferences 64.In this case, these points all be positioned at along with the common radial line 76 at 62 one-tenth θ angles of axle on.
Point and the radial distance between the corresponding point on the circumference 64 on the impressed voltage line 66 are big more, and impressed voltage is just big more so relatively.For example, as shown in Figure 6, position 70 is illustrated in segment electrode two ends is applied a relative higher voltage, and position 68 is illustrated in segment electrode two ends is applied a relatively low voltage.The voltage that each interlude electrode 30 two ends applies reduces gradually, and described interlude electrode is arranged between the element by element of the segment electrode centering of position 70 expression and the segment electrode centering of being represented by position 68.
By proper device, the rotation of the electronics of the applied voltage pattern of for example manually operated impressed voltage controller between side wall sections electrode pair and endwall electrode can obtain the position, correct angle of the cylindrical coordinates axle of anamorphote.
In this embodiment, the width of each segment electrode is half of internal diameter of cylindrical arrangement less than electrode, preferably less than 1/8th.This relates to and uses abundant segment electrode, and preferred 16 or more, thus reduce the observation of the meniscus lens center of the positive effect that the discrete steps of meniscus contact angle causes between the fluid tank cylindrical wall.
Fig. 5 is the top view cross section that obtains with the perpendicular direction of lens axis, and this illustrates the interchangeable electric wetting electrode layout of making distortion meniscus lens shape.Four rectangular section electrodes 41,42,43,44 separate with square around lens axis 45, and their longitudinal edge is parallel, forms square leg (enclosure) thus.In this embodiment, relative segment electrode 41 and 43 is set to a pair of, and 42 and 44 is a pair of.The inside surface of these segment electrodes scribbles continuously, the fluid contact layer 46 of the electrical isolation of uniform thickness, and this fluid contact layer is by for example Teflon TMAF1600 forms, and suppresses meniscus edge.
With reference now to Fig. 1,, 4 and 5, replace the layout of segment electrode shown in Fig. 4 by the replaceable structure of utilizing four segment electrodes, the side wall sections electrode and and first embodiment in ring electrode 12 similar endwall electrode between act on voltage patterns.By making up applying different impressed voltages, can realize the distortion meniscus lens of approximate cylinder or goalpost face, the contact angle difference between each segment electrode wall and the meniscus lens to segment electrode.
In this embodiment, provide a lens rotating mechanism, thereby the cylindrical coordinates axle of distortion meniscus lens can automatically and mechanically be rotated around optical axis 45.This can be accurately and locatees variable anamorphote angularly.
Fig. 7 described in the embodiment in front shows the embodiment of additional electrodes voltage patterns, also can apply this voltage patterns in this embodiment.In this particular, two pairs of segment electrodes (41 and 43,42 and 44) of this layout correspond respectively to aspect the position, angle Reference numeral 68 and 68 ', 70 and 70 '.
Fig. 6 is the top view cross section that obtains with the perpendicular direction of lens axis, and another interchangeable electric wetting electrode layout of making anamorphic lens shapes is shown.The kind electrode layout is used to realize the lens shape of optical aberration minimizing.
Identical with the interchangeable electrode lay-out of previously described other embodiments of the present invention, the segment electrode 52 in this embodiment is formed by the conductive material of for example metal.The inside surface of the leg of being described by electrode spread scribbles continuously, the fluid contact layer 58 of the electrical isolation of uniform thickness, and this fluid contact layer is by for example Teflon TMAF1600 forms, and suppresses meniscus edge.Segment electrode 52 separates the parallel leg that limits of their longitudinal edge around optical axis 50.In this embodiment, each segment electrode 52 is set to be formed on optical axis 50 cylinder leg on every side.The longitudinal edge of each electrode links to each other with the parallel and adjacent longitudinal edge of adjacent electrode by resistive film 56.Should be appreciated that film 56 is than the poorly conductive of electrode 52.Each segment electrode 52 preferably equates along the width of sidewall, and less than the distance between two adjacent longitudinal edges of each segment electrode that connects by resistive film 56.
The two ends of the width of resistive film 56 between adjacent electrode, the voltage between two impressed voltages of electrode gradually changes, rather than discontinuous variation takes place.Therefore, the contact angle between fluid menisci and the fluid contact layer 58 gradually changes along the width of resistive film 56.Contact angle remains unchanged at the width two ends of segment electrode 52.But the width of segment electrode helps further to reduce the discontinuous variation of contact angle along the fluid edge for a short time than the distance between the adjacent longitudinal edge of each segment electrode of resistive film 56 connections.These factors guarantee that the optical aberration of meniscus lens reduces.
With reference now to Fig. 4 and 6,, replace the layout of segment electrode shown in Fig. 4 by utilizing this interchangeable segment electrode layout, make method of operating be similar to the method for operating of previously described alternative electrode layout to a great extent.
By relative segment electrode and endwall electrode two ends being applied the combination of different impressed voltages, the meniscus lens shape that can obtain being out of shape to each.
With reference to figure 7, described in two embodiments in front, the applied voltage pattern at segment electrode two ends can along with shown in it with respect to the angular spacing of optical axis 50 and change.The quantity of electrode 52 can be four or more.And, can be by optical axis 50 rotations with the applied voltage pattern at endwall electrode two ends being realized being out of shape the correct angle location of meniscus lens with respect to optical axis 50 around segment electrode.
Fig. 8 illustrates the side view section according to the fluid meniscus configurations that is suitable for refract light deflection of one embodiment of the invention.This embodiment all is similar to the embodiment of front in all fields, and and Fig. 1, the similar element of element described in 2 and 3 represents that by Reference numeral is added 100 the description of front also is applicable to here in Fig. 8.Side wall sections electrode 141 and 143 is similar to electrode 41 illustrated in fig. 5 and 43, therefore also Reference numeral has been increased by 100.In this embodiment, there is the second oppose side wall segment electrode (not shown).Electrode in this second electrode pair is similar to the electrode 42 and 44 of Fig. 5, therefore is numbered 142 and 144.When cross-sectional direction is watched, this second electrode pair is set to perpendicular to first electrode pair 141 and 143 according to similarly arranging with the electrode pair 41,43 shown in Fig. 5 and 42,44.The front of these electrodes is described and also is applicable to here.
The impressed voltage V at endwall electrode 112 and side-wall electrode 141 two ends 4Cause between liquid A and the fluid contact layer 110 for example 60 ° fluid contact angle θ 4Similarly, the impressed voltage V at endwall electrode 112 and side-wall electrode 143 two ends 5Cause fluid contact angle θ 5In this embodiment, select impressed voltage V 4, V 5Thereby, make contact angle θ 4And θ 5Sum equals 180 °.Side-wall electrode 142 and 144 and the impressed voltage at endwall electrode two ends (quote V here respectively 6And V 7) be equal to each other basically, and have the fluid of making contact angle θ 6And θ 7When each all was 90 ° a appropriate value, this condition caused the plane fluid menisci 80 between liquid A and the B.
One-dimensional deflection takes place by plane fluid menisci 80 in the incident beam that has primary optic axis 101 from light source 103 on the direction perpendicular to side-wall electrode 141 and 143, produce outgoing (existing) light beam with second optical axis 82.The primary optic axis and second optical axis differ deflection angle φ each other 1Can pass through additional electrodes voltage V 4, V 5Variation change deflection angle φ 1, as long as contact angle θ 4And θ 5Sum keeps 180 °.
By making impressed voltage V 4And V 5Exchange, obtain the negative bias corner φ between interior second optical axis 82 of same angle plane and the primary optic axis 101 1For instance, fluid contact angle θ 1Minimum possible value be about 60 °.When liquid A is a refractive index when being 1.60 height diffraction oily, for example modified silicon oil, and liquid B is a refractive index when being 1.33 water, deflection angle φ 1Maximal value be about 9 °.This low-angle can access the accurate deflection of light beam.With the deflection angle φ that is about 9 ° 1Negative value combine total deflection angle φ of incident beam T(not shown) approximates 18 °.
And in this embodiment, by controlling the impressed voltage V at endwall electrode 112 and side-wall electrode 142 or 144 two ends respectively 6And V 7Be implemented in and deflection angle φ 1Perpendicular plane, plane in another one-dimensional deflection of incident beam, thereby make corresponding fluid contact angle θ 6And θ 7The (not shown) sum also equals 180 °.Select impressed voltage V 6And V 7Value, it is not waited each other, so fluid contact angle θ 6And θ 7Be not equal to 90 °.By changing additional electrodes voltage V 6, V 7, and keep θ 6And θ 7Sum equals 180 °, the incident beam with primary optic axis 101 with deflection angle φ 1In the perpendicular plane with the second deflection angle φ 2(not shown) deflection.In addition, by exchanging impressed voltage V 6And V 7Can be implemented in the deflection angle φ in the same angle plane 2Negative value.
Therefore, by making two deflection angle φ 1And φ 2Optionally change together, can make incident beam in three dimensions deflection.
As the embodiment of front, a rotating mechanism is provided, thereby electric wetting electrode can be rotated around optical axis 101.Thereby can access the correct location, angle of fluid menisci.
As 9 side view section that the fluid meniscus configurations that is suitable for refract light deflection according to an embodiment of the invention is shown.This embodiment of the present invention can realize that incident beam is about total deflection angle φ of 38 ° T, bigger than total deflection angle of front embodiment.As the embodiment of front, with Fig. 1, the element of this embodiment that element described in 2,3 and 5 is similar represents that by Reference numeral is added 200 the description of front also is applicable to here in Fig. 9.In this embodiment, provide second endwall electrode 84, have annular shape, and contiguous front element 204.At least a portion of this second endwall electrode is arranged in the fluid tank, thereby second fluid layer of this electrode pair liquid B is worked, and second fluid layer is labeled as B ' in Fig. 9.The second layer of liquid B (mark B ') separates by first fluid meniscus 86 this one deck with liquid A.Second fluid menisci 88 is opened liquid level A and B branch.Liquid B ' comprise and the same liquid of liquid B described in the embodiment of front.But should be noted that liquid B ' can be a kind of interchangeable fluid, described fluid can not be miscible with liquid A, and conduction also preferably has the density that equates basically with liquid A and B.
In this embodiment, two axially spaced electric wetting electrode set separately and are as shown in Figure 5 arranged with respect to the girth of sidewall.A set comprises electrode 241a, 243a.Another set comprises electrode 241b, 243b.As the similar description of front embodiment, the impressed voltage V at second endwall electrode 84 and side-wall electrode 241 or 243 two ends 8And V 10Variation cause corresponding fluid contact angle θ respectively 8And θ 10Change.As fluid contact angle θ 8And θ 10When sum equaled 180 °, first fluid meniscus 86 was planes.Similarly, by changing the impressed voltage V at first endwall electrode 206 and side-wall electrode 241 and 243 two ends respectively 9And V 11, can change the shape of second fluid menisci 88.When according to impressed voltage V 9And V 11And make fluid contact angle θ 9And θ 11When sum equaled 180 °, second meniscus 88 was planes.
Have of first fluid meniscus 86 the plane of side-wall electrode 241,243 in the one-dimensional deflection of the incident beam of primary optic axis 201 from light source 203 by the plane.Deflected beam has second optical axis 90, and differs deflection angle φ with primary optic axis 201 3Have of the second fluid menisci 88 further deflections of the deflected beam of second optical axis 90 by the plane.Synthetic further light beams deflected has the 3rd optical axis 92, differs deflection angle φ with second optical axis 4Utilize variable fluid menisci device, deflection angle φ 3And φ 4Sum provides the combination deflection angle of incident beam.Describe in detail as the front embodiment, by respectively perpendicular to side-wall electrode 241,243 endwall electrode 204,206 and each side-wall electrode 242,244 (not shown) two ends further apply voltage, can control plane meniscus 86 and 88, make from the incident beam of light source 203 with deflection angle φ 3, φ 4Perpendicular another angle plane of angle plane in deflection, therefore make incident beam in three dimensions deflection.Can realize deflection angle φ by exchanging side-wall electrode to the impressed voltage at two ends 3, φ 4Negative value, as previously mentioned.
Be similar to the embodiment of front, the electric wetting electrode that can make this embodiment with electric power or rotating mechanism that utilization provided is around optical axis 201 rotations, with the location, angle of realizing that fluid menisci is correct.
In the embodiment of another imagination, two plane fluid menisci 86,88 are set to parallel to each other, only utilize simultaneously near the single set of the separated electrode girth of case.Such embodiment can be used in and comprise the similar variable prism that illustrates and describe with Fig. 9 or move in the application of light device (beam shifter).
Figure 10 illustrates the side view section of the fluid meniscus configurations that is suitable for refract light deflection.This embodiment of the present invention can realize comparing with the front embodiment bigger total deflection angle φ of the incident beam that is about 100 ° T
As the embodiment of front, with Fig. 1, the similar element of element described in 2,3 and 5 represents that by Reference numeral is added 300 the description of front also is applicable to here in Figure 10.In this embodiment, side wall sections electrode pair 341,343 is not parallel to each other.Vertical sidewall electrode pair 342,344 (not shown) are also like this.In this embodiment, side-wall electrode is arranged and is frustrum.
As the similar description of front embodiment, the impressed voltage V at endwall electrode 312 and side- wall electrode 341 or 343 two ends 12, V 13Variation cause corresponding fluid contact angle θ respectively 12And θ 13Change.As fluid contact angle θ 12And θ 13When having appropriate value, between liquid A and B, obtain plane fluid menisci 94.As the embodiment of front, the incident beam that has primary optic axis 301 from light source 303 is by the direction one-dimensional deflection of meniscus 94 towards second optical axis 96.First and second optical axises differ deflection angle φ each other 5By exchanging impressed voltage V 12And V 13Can obtain deflection angle φ 5Negative value.Can realize the three-dimensional deflection similar by changing the side-wall electrode 342 or 344 (not shown, and perpendicular to side-wall electrode to 341 and 343) and the impressed voltage at endwall electrode 312 two ends with the light beam of front embodiment.Similarly, can realize rotation by suitable electricity or mechanical rotation function around the optical axis 301 of electric wetting electrode.
Figure 11 illustrates the simplified side view cross section of the fluid meniscus configurations that is suitable for reflected light deflection.In other words, fluid menisci plays catoptron.Maximum total deflection angle φ of incident beam TBe about 125 °.As the embodiment of front, with Fig. 1, the element of this embodiment that element described in 2,3 and 5 is similar represents that by Reference numeral is added 400 the description of front also is applicable to here in Figure 11.In this embodiment, side wall sections electrode 441,443 and 442,444 (not shown) have uneven each other edge.It is contemplated that as an interchangeable scheme, side-wall electrode can have electrode parallel to each other.Further imagine, when electrode had edge parallel to each other, these electrodes can be arranged as triangular layout.In this embodiment, side-wall electrode is formed by previously described material, except material is transparent.In addition, fluid contact layer 410 also is transparent.
According to the similar mode of front embodiment, respectively side-wall electrode 441 or 443 and endwall electrode 406 two ends apply impressed voltage V 14And V 15These impressed voltages V 14And V 15Variation produce corresponding fluid contact angle θ respectively 14And θ 15According to impressed voltage V 14And V 15And fluid contact angle θ thus 14And θ 15Appropriate value, the fluid menisci 98 between liquid A and the B is flat shapes.The incident beam that has primary optic axis 401 from light source 403 passes transparent side-wall electrode (illustrating with side-wall electrode 441) in Figure 11, and with incident angle ψ 1Incide on the meniscus 98.In addition, incident beam can pass the space between the neighboring edge of two side-wall electrodes rather than pass side-wall electrode itself.Incident angle ψ 1Less than the critical angle value, thus incident beam by meniscus 98 reflectingly deflection advance along second optical axis 99.The primary optic axis 401 and second optical axis 99 differ deflection angle φ 6As long as incident angle ψ 1Less than critical value, so by changing impressed voltage V 14And V 15And fluid contact angle θ thus 14And θ 15Can change deflection angle φ one-dimensionally 6, guarantee that simultaneously meniscus keeps the plane.By further applying the three-dimensional reflection that voltage can be realized incident beam at endwall electrode 406 and side-wall electrode 442 or 444 (not shown) two ends.Impressed voltage need have appropriate value to guarantee planar meniscus.Incide the second incident angle ψ of meniscus 98 when incident beam 2(not shown) is during less than critical angle, incident beam with deflection angle φ 6The perpendicular angle plane of angle plane in reflect.Realize the three-dimensional deflection of incident beam by the combination of deflection angle.As the embodiment of front, electric wetting electrode is located with the correct angle of realizing meniscus around 99 rotations of second optical axis by rotating mechanism.
Figure 12 illustrates the side view section that is suitable for beam deflection and focusing of one embodiment of the invention.
This embodiment all is similar to the embodiment of front in all fields, and with Fig. 1, the element of this embodiment that 2,3 and 4 described elements are similar represents that by Reference numeral is added 500 the description of front also is applicable to here in Figure 12.
Describe in detail as the front embodiment, apply voltage V at endwall electrode 512 and side-wall electrode 502a or 502a ' two ends 16, V 17Produce corresponding fluid contact angle θ respectively 16, θ 17As fluid contact angle θ 16And θ 17When sum was not equal to 180 °, the fluid menisci 514 between liquid A and the B adopted sphere or goalpost face shape.Along with impressed voltage V 16, V 17And so corresponding fluid contact angle θ 16, θ 17Variation, the curvature of meniscus 514 and the inclination of curvature change.The incident beam that has primary optic axis 501 from light source 503 is by meniscus 514 deflections, thereby advances along second optical axis 16.The primary optic axis 401 and second optical axis 16 differ deflection angle φ 7As side-wall electrode 502a, when 502a ' is not parallel each other, deflection angle φ 7Can adopt to reach and be about 62.5 ° value.As side-wall electrode 502a, when 502a ' was parallel to each other, generation was about 9 ° maximum deflection angle φ 7Other incident beams that have the optical axis that parallels with primary optic axis 501 from light source 503 are sentenced different deflection angle deflections by the difference of meniscus on meniscus 514, so that be focused at focus 18 places.Impressed voltage V 16, V 17Variation cause the one dimension angle of incident beam deflection angle to change, and side-wall electrode is to the change in location of focus 18 in 502 the plane.By exchanging impressed voltage V 16, V 17, obtain the negative bias corner φ between second optical axis 82 and primary optic axis 101 in same angle plane 7
By endwall electrode 512 and for example with among Fig. 4 be labeled as 2b, other similar variations to the impressed voltage at end wall segment electrode two ends that the side wall sections electrode of 2b ' is similar can realize the three-dimensional deflection of incident beam.The variation of impressed voltage causes the similar variation of the curvature of meniscus 514, and the variation that therefore causes the deflection angle and the focus 18 of light beam.
Should be noted that in this embodiment the deflection of light beam has refracting characteristic, but also it is contemplated that it is reflection deflection.
Because additional electrodes voltage V 16, V 17Variation and the deflection characteristic of switch speed that the meniscus configurations that causes changes and meniscus 514 depends on viscosity, the size of fluid tank 5 and the intensity of variation of meniscus curvature of liquid A and B.
In this embodiment, the diameter of cylinder fluid tank 5 is 2mm, and switch speed is in the scope of 10ms.The diameter of cylinder fluid tank 5 can be the range of size from several centimetres to several microns.
An application of this embodiment of the present invention is to be used for the high-resolution digital imaging.It is also conceivable that by means of the front and utilize the of the present invention replaceable embodiments of Fig. 5 and Fig. 8 or 10 descriptions and realize this application in conjunction with the solid state optics lens.Present method comprises the higher resolution image that utilizes the expensive imaging sensor with comparatively high amts pixel to obtain target image scenery.In assembly embedding method of the present invention, the multi-pass operations sensor is caught the high-definition picture of target image scenery 20, as shown in figure 13.By this embodiment of the present invention suitably is attached to sensor, for example in the camera, can come the record object image scene by being divided into several zones.In this embodiment, according to piecing together the embedding pattern image scene 20 is divided into four continuous zones 22,24,26,28.By before the capture region image in each zone at first the camera that focuses on then of zoom come to write down respectively and continuously each regional digital picture.Described zoom and focusing on by realizing as the variation of describing in detail in this embodiment that changes caused fluid meniscus configurations at electric wetting electrode two ends impressed voltage.Change fast the curvature of meniscus and therefore camera zoom and focus on and to write down more effective and more high-resolution all images differently on another zone of target image scenery rapidly.To achieve these goals, each document image in each zone 22,24,26,28 of image scene is relative to each other drawn on the position, fully to constitute the document image of target image scenery.Do not have each other at each record object area image 22,24,26,28 under the situation of entirely accurate aligning, can use warpage technology, for example polynomial expression (polynominal) technology of proofreading and correct.Each target area image aligning and seam each other can also utilize the feature 30 that is identified in target image scenery 20 in each document image zone to realize.A kind of like this example based on relevant simple seam function is an averaging filter.For higher-quality seam, can utilize wavelet or other multi-scale technology.When picture record is mobile video, the similar characteristics that can utilize the estimation of the motion of image scene feature to come recognition target image scenery, and therefore the seam function is provided.
Figure 14 illustrates the schematic cross-section of the box camera that is provided with according to another embodiment of the invention.This box camera is suitable for the living imaging in the patient body after its picked-up, absorbs for example GI image scene.Box has size less than the transparent shell of the waterproof of 5cm * 3cm, so box can be easy to be swallowed by patient.According to above-mentioned any embodiment, it is inner and in imaging sensor 34 fronts that fluid meniscus lens 32 is positioned at box shell 30, imaging sensor is charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) (CMOS) imaging sensor for example, thereby is provided as the variable-focus and/or the variable deflection of picture scenery to sensor.Two light sources 36,38, for example light emitting diode (LED) is positioned contiguous lens 32, thereby light is projected on the imaging region on every side.Box further comprises control module 40 and power supply 42, control module 40 comprises video memory and/or image is transferred to the image transmission of outside pick device, as microwave transmitter, power supply 42 maybe can utilize magnetic signal externally to drive to produce the magnetic coil set of electric energy as battery.By utilizing variable-focus and/or the variable deflection fluid meniscus lens 32 that is provided with according to one of above-mentioned embodiment, can with have continuous variable focus box/or the box of the imaging function of direction-changeable be arranged in compactness, low-power consumption and the light-duty assembly.Lens 32 can be single or two bent moon zoom lens.Under the situation of two meniscus lens, with two meniscus lens along same optical axis setting so that realize zoom function.
The application of these embodiments of the present invention is relevant with other layouts of the device that relates to beam deflection.Such example is to use bar code scanner, and this scanner relates to the reflection of laser beam on rotating mirror.The invention provides following benefit, be included in the maximization of the laser spots intensity that focuses on the bar code that will read, and the therefore maximization of scanner sensitivity.In addition, can reduce the size of scanner.
Another application relates in conjunction with the three-dimensional laser scanners that can focus on liquid lens.Be scanned substrate and scan by moving with respect to liquid lens.The present invention scans the substrate of not moving by change falcate liquid lens and realizes more effectively scanning.
Another application relates to focusing and the aligning of light beam on roadway characteristic of headlight.For example, thus the bending that head lamp is followed the trail of in the road provides the better road visual field to the driver.
Another application is to provide new illumination possibility for light source.Beam array, for example from the beam array of LED, can be by the present invention's deflection individually (focus on and aim at), to form a plurality of special illuminating effects.The interchangeable application of beam array can relate to and the deflection fluid menisci is attached in the window that is arranged in parallel, to be provided at visually clearly window, but when the deflection meniscus being switched to random or crooked structure, window will make the incident light diffusion, or only allow light to pass this window along specific direction.
Imaging applications of the present invention relates to variable liquid meniscus is attached in " steady shot (steady-shot) " automatic camera or the bitubular device.A kind of like this device can be followed the tracks of and keeps the visual field in the selected part of the scenery of the imaging by means of the controlled change of meniscus configurations.This controlled change is subjected to the influence of motion sensor, and this motion sensor comprises a cover accelerometer, detects the motion of camera with respect to image scene.But this device only needs single electric control element.In light transmitting fiber was used, the present invention can be used for by the controlled change of meniscus configurations first optical fiber of signal from fiber array being switched to second optical fiber.
Top embodiment is interpreted as illustrative embodiment of the present invention.The present invention it is contemplated that other embodiments.
As the embodiment of another imagination of the present invention, the use of fluid is not limited to comprise every kind of fluid of liquid.Interchangeable is a kind of fluid that comprises gas.
Note, in all embodiments of the present invention, apply voltage, rather than the two ends with endwall electrode are applied voltage at segment electrode at the two ends of single segment electrode and endwall electrode.When doing like this, can apply independent and different impressed voltages, thereby form complicated more meniscus lens shape at each segment electrode.This comprises the planar meniscus shape, and its orientation and positioning of rotating can electrically be controlled.
Although the refractive index of fluid A is higher than fluid B in the above embodiments, the refractive index of fluid A also can be lower than fluid B.For example fluid A can be (entirely) fluorinated oil ((per) fluorinated oil) that refractive index is lower than water.In this case, preferably do not use unbodied fluoropolymer layer, because this layer dissolves in the fluorinated oil.Interchangeable fluid contact layer is paraffin coating for example.
Can be applied to other variations relevant with top embodiment and comprise the interchangeable incident beam of refract light deflection use to(for) the described embodiment of record reflected light deflection, vice versa.
Further imagination realizes other light deflections (refraction or reflection) of incident beam by the transparency electrode of device in each embodiment of the present invention.The suitable material that forms these electrodes selects to depend on the light deflection characteristic of material.
Should be appreciated that, can use separately about the described any feature of any embodiment, perhaps be used in combination with described other features, can also with one or more features of any other embodiment, perhaps be used in combination with any combination of any other embodiment.
And, can also adopt top equivalents and the modification that does not have description that does not deviate from the scope of the invention, scope of the present invention limits in the claim of enclosing.

Claims (26)

  1. One kind wetting and the device with varistructured fluid menisci is provided by means of electricity, this device comprises:
    Fluid tank (5; 105);
    By meniscus (14; 80; 88; 94; 98; Two kinds of different fluid of 514) separating (A, B), the edge of meniscus has not ipsilateral, is limited by fluid tank;
    The first electric wetting electrode (2a; 41; 141; 241; 341; 441; 502a) and the second electric wetting electrode (2a '; 43; 143; 243; 343; 443; 502a '), the first electric wetting electrode is set to first side of meniscus edge is worked, and the second electric wetting electrode is set to second side of meniscus edge is independently worked; And
    Voltage control system is used for providing different voltages to the described first and second electric wetting electrodes respectively, to form selected meniscus configurations.
  2. 2. according to the device of claim 1, wherein said fluid tank comprises the fluid contact side wall device (10 that limits this fluid tank girth; 46; 58; 110; 210; 310; 410; 510), described first box, the second electric wetting electrode is separated near described girth mutually.
  3. 3. according to the device of claim 2, be included near be provided with the described girth one or more pairs of relative electric wetting electrodes (2a '; 41,43).
  4. 4. according to the device of claim 3, comprise two to (41,43; 42,44) near the setting that described girth, is perpendicular to one another basically of the electric wetting electrode that is oppositely arranged, these two pairs of electrodes.
  5. 5. according to the device of each claim in the claim 2 to 4, near wherein electric wetting electrode (2,52,502) rounded basically setting described girth.
  6. 6. according to the device of each claim in the claim 2 to 5, wherein the width of each electric wetting electrode (52) is all less than the distance between two adjacent electric wetting electrodes, and above-mentioned width is all measured according to the angular distance that contacts sidewall with respect to fluid with distance.
  7. 7. according to the device of each claim in the claim 2 to 5, each electric wetting electrode (2 wherein; 41; 43; 141; 143; 241; 243; 341; 343; 441; 443; 502) width is all greater than the distance between two adjacent electric wetting electrodes, and above-mentioned width is all measured according to the angular distance that contacts sidewall with respect to fluid with distance.
  8. 8. according to the device of each claim of front, wherein adjacent electric wetting electrode is connected by resistance material (56), and described resistance material can be provided at the change in voltage that the adjacent electrode two ends change gradually.
  9. 9. according to the device of each claim of front, wherein said voltage control system is suitable for making voltage patterns to rotate around electric wetting electrode.
  10. 10. according to the device of each claim of front, comprise the mechanical system that electric wetting electrode is rotated around turning axle physics.
  11. 11., further comprise along optical axis (1 according to the device of each claim of front; 101; 201; 301; 401; 501) radiation source (3 of emitted radiation light beam; 103; 203; 303; 403; 503).
  12. 12. device according to each claim of front, wherein said voltage control system can apply voltage at electric wetting electrode two ends, so that provide the variable amount of deflection of incident beam by fluid menisci, described deflection comprises the aligning of the optical axis that changes radiation laser beam.
  13. 13. according to the device of claim 12, wherein this device is configured to have refracting characteristic by the deflection of fluid menisci.
  14. 14. according to the device of claim 12, wherein this device is configured to have reflection characteristic by the deflection of fluid menisci.
  15. 15. according to the device of each claim of front, wherein this device is suitable for providing a kind of like this fluid meniscus configurations, promptly fluid menisci at first contact angle of first side less than 90 ° of (θ 5 'θ 10θ 11), fluid menisci at second contact angle of second side greater than 90 ° of (θ 4 'θ 8θ 9).
  16. 16. according to the device of each claim of front, wherein this device is suitable for providing a kind of like this fluid meniscus configurations, promptly fluid menisci is at the first contact angle (θ of first side of fluid contact sidewall 16) and the second contact angle (θ of second side 17) all less than 90 °.
  17. 17. according to the device of each claim of front, wherein this device is suitable for providing a kind of fluid meniscus configurations of distortion.
  18. 18. according to the device of each claim of front, the different fluid (A in the fluid tank wherein; B; B ') has substantially the same density.
  19. 19., comprise two or more fluid menisci that can independently control (86 according to the device of each claim of front; 88).
  20. 20. a device comprises the imageing sensor that is used for document image scenery (20), the structure below the shape that variable fluid menisci (514) and controller, this controller are suitable for changing meniscus provides at least:
    First structure of convertible fluids meniscus, described first structure guides the first area (22) of image scene to be recorded towards described sensor orientation; And
    Second structure of convertible fluids meniscus, described second structure is with the different second area (24 of image scene to be recorded; 26; 28) towards described sensor orientation guiding.
  21. 21. according to the device of claim 20, wherein this device comprises that further utilization at least the first and second image scene zone constitutes the image processor of the single picture of described image scene.
  22. 22. according to the device of claim 20 or 21, wherein this device is suitable for being provided for differently detecting the variable fluid meniscus configurations of incident beam.
  23. 23. according to the device of each claim in the claim 20 to 22, wherein this device further comprises the motion detector of the motion that is used for pick-up unit, controller is controlled the structure of convertible fluids meniscus (514) in response to the motion of detected device.
  24. 24. a medical imaging apparatus comprises the box that is used in the body, described box comprises imageing sensor (34) and the convertible fluids meniscus device (32) that is used to write down in-vivo image scenery.
  25. 25. according to the medical imaging apparatus of claim 24, wherein convertible fluids meniscus device is lens.
  26. 26. according to the medical imaging apparatus of claim 24 or 25, comprise a controller, this controller is suitable for the shape of the convertible fluids meniscus of modifier, thus the structure below providing at least:
    First structure of convertible fluids meniscus is used for the first in-vivo image Scenery Imaging to described imageing sensor; And
    Second structure of convertible fluids meniscus is used for the second different in-vivo image Scenery Imaging to described imageing sensor.
CNB2003801048309A 2002-12-03 2003-11-21 Apparatus for forming variable fluid meniscus configurations Expired - Lifetime CN1325944C (en)

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CN105351839B (en) * 2011-09-01 2018-02-27 株式会社小糸制作所 Vehicle headlamp apparatus
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