CN1331614A - 电动空气输送器－调节器 - Google Patents

电动空气输送器－调节器 Download PDF

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CN1331614A
CN1331614A CN99815037A CN99815037A CN1331614A CN 1331614 A CN1331614 A CN 1331614A CN 99815037 A CN99815037 A CN 99815037A CN 99815037 A CN99815037 A CN 99815037A CN 1331614 A CN1331614 A CN 1331614A
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查尔斯·E·泰勒
刘锡晖
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Sharper Image Corp
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Abstract

一种电动、静电空气调节器(100)包括一个自含式离子发生器,其可提供含有离子和安全量臭氧的电动空气流。这个离子发生器包括一个高压脉冲发生器,其输出脉冲在第一电极阵列(230)与第二电极阵列(240)之间耦合。第一电极阵列(230)最好包括一个或多个导线电极(232),第二电极阵列(240)由中空的“U”形电极(242)构成,两电极阵列交错间隔排列。第二电极阵列(240)中的电极的有效面积与第一电极阵列(230)中的电极的有效面积之比最好大于15∶1,尤以大于20∶1为佳。高压脉冲在这两电极阵列之间所产生电场产生一种含有安全量臭氧的电离空气的静电流。一个与第二阵列的电极(242)电耦合的偏置电极可影响所产生离子的净极性,因而使电离空气和臭氧的流出受到控制。对输出气流取样可以确定臭氧含量和/或离子含量,对当地环境取样可以确定温度和湿度之类参数。这种取样结果可以反馈给本发明的系统,用以调节合于需要的输出气流的特征。

Description

电动空气输送器-调节器
本发明涉及把电能变成一种可电离的电介质流体流的电动(electro-kinetic)转换，特别是涉及电动产生一种微粒状物质基本已被除去的空气流的方法和装置。空气流最好应含安全量的臭氧(O3)。
用电动机旋转扇叶产生空气流是业内早已知道的。不幸，这种扇叶有很大噪音，还对孩子有危险，因为他们受到诱惑可能把手指或铅笔插入转动的扇叶。虽然这种扇可以产生很大大的空气流，如1,000英尺3/分或更大，但要启动马达需要相当大的电功率，而且基本上不能对流动的空气产生调节作用。
人们已知用HEPA-辅助过滤部件装备这种扇可去除大于0.3μm的微粒物质。不幸，过滤部件对空气流有阻力，如想保持所希望的空气流量，必须把马达的功率加倍。而且，HEPA-辅助过滤部件很贵，可能占整个HEPA-辅助过滤器加扇体结构的售价的很大部分。这种过滤器加扇体结构可通过去除大的微粒调节空气，但小到足以通过过滤部件的微粒物质则不能去除，如细菌。
使用电动技术产生空气流也是业内已知的，这种技术可使电力不经机械转动部件直接转变成空气流。一个这样的系统已在授予Lee的No4,789,801美国专利(1988)中被描述，这里以如图1A和1B的简化形式加以介绍。Lee的系统10包括一列小面积(微区)电极20和一列大面积(宏区)电极30，两者是对称间隔的。输出一系列高压脉冲(如0到或许+5KV)的脉冲发生器40的正极与微区电极列耦合，而脉冲发生器的负极与宏区电极列耦合。
高压脉冲使两个电极列之间的空气电离，因此产生了从微区电极列向宏区电极列的空气流50，而不需要任何转动部件。空气中的微粒物质60夹在空气流50中也移向宏区电极列30。大部分微粒物质被静电吸引到宏区电极列的表面，微粒物质留在那里，因而对空气排出系统10的空气流起了调节作用。再者，出现在两个电极列间的高压电场可释放臭氧进入周围环境，这似乎可破坏或至少是改变夹在空气流中的东西，如细菌。
在图1A的实施例中，微区电极20的横剖面是圆形的，直径约0.003″(0,08mm)，而宏区电极30面积大得多，横剖面呈“泪珠状”。宏区电极与微区电极横剖面的面积比没有明确说到，但从Lee的图看，似乎大于10∶1。如图1A所示，宏区电极前部的球形大头面对微区电极，稍许细一点的尾部面对空气流的排出方向。宏区电极“变细的”尾部显然有助于夹在空气流中的微粒物质的静电附着。Lee没有说明泪珠状宏区电极是如何制作的，但它们是用比较昂贵的铸模工艺或压挤工艺生产的。
在图1B所示另一个实施例中，Lee的宏区电极30的横剖面是对称的、拉长的。宏区电极拉长的尾部为空气流所夹微粒物质提供了更大的附着面积。Lee说，想要提高微粒的沉淀效率和减少阴离子排入环境，可以通过加上一个被动的第三电极阵列70实现。然而，不难理解，通过加上一个第三电极阵列来提高效率，将增加制造和维护最终组合起来的系统的成本。
Lee所公开的静电技术对于常规电扇-过滤器装置是有利的，但他的宏区电极制造起来比较贵。不过，在Lee的实施例所能产生的效率之上所增加的过滤器效率，可能是有利的，特别是在不加一个第三电极阵列时。
因此，不必用昂贵的技术制造电极而制造一种比Lee型系统效率更高的电动空气输送器-调节器是有必要的。这样的空气输送器-调节器最好应有效地发挥功能，而又不需要加一个第三电极阵列。而且，这样的空气输送器-调节器应当允许用户选择产生安全量的臭氧，以除去周围环境的臭味。
本发明为电动输送和调节空气提供方法和装置。
本发明为不用转动部件电动输送和调节空气提供一种电动系统。空气是在其被电离而含安全量臭氧的意义上被调节的。
申请人的电动空气输送器-调节器包括一个百叶窗状或格子状机身，内装一个电离装置。这个电离装置包括一个高压DC逆变器，可把普通110VAC升到高压，和一个发生器，可接收高压DC、输出约10KV峰-峰的高压脉冲，虽然一个基本上100％的负载周期(如高压DC)的输出可代替脉冲来用。这个电离装置还包括一个电极组合单元，由间隔开的第一阵列和第二阵列导电电极构成；第一阵列和第二阵列导电电极是分别与高压发生器的正负极最佳耦合的。这个电极组合中的第一和第二电极阵列最好使用容易制造的电极类型。在一个实施例中，第一电极阵列使用的是线状电极，第二电极阵列使用的是有一个或两个拖尾面的“U”形电极。在一个更有效的实施例中，第一电极阵列至少有一个针状或锥状电极，第二电极阵列是环形垫圈状电极。这个电极组合的所述第一和第二电极阵列可以有各种组合形式。在各种不同的实施例中，第二电极阵列的有效面积与第一电极阵列的有效面积之比至少为20∶1左右。
高压脉冲在第一电极阵列与第二电极阵列之间产生电场。这个电场产生从第一电极阵列流向第二电极阵列的电动空气流；更可取的是，这种空气流富含净剩余的负离子和臭氧。环境中含灰尘微粒和其他不受欢迎成分(或许是细菌)的空气，通过机身上的格子或百叶窗缝隙进入机身，而电离了的清洁空气(含臭氧)通过这些缝隙出现在机身的下游方。
灰尘和其他微粒物质靠静电附着在第二电极阵列(或集尘器)上，输出空气已基本上清除了这种微粒物质。而且，本发明所产生的臭氧可以杀死某些类型的细菌等，还可以驱除输出空气中的臭味。更可取的是，输送器以周期性爆发的方式工作，一个控制装置允许用户临时增加高压脉冲发生器的输出，以更快地驱除环境中的臭味。
本发明的其他特点和优点将可从下面的描述结合附图看出，在其中详细说明了优选实施例。
图1A是一幅剖面图，表示基于一种现有技术的电动空气输送器-调节器的第一个实施例；
图1B是一幅剖面图，表示基于一种现有技术的电动空气输送器-调节器的第二个实施例；
图2A是本发明的一个优选实施例的透视图；
图2B是图2A所示实施例的透视图，其中基于本发明的电极组合被部分取出了；
图3是本发明的电路方框图；
图4A是一幅透视方框图，表示基于本发明第一个实施例的电极组合；
图4B是图4A所示实施例的平面方框图；
图4C是一幅透视方框图，表示基于本发明第二个实施例的电极组合；
图4D是图4C所示实施例一个修改版的平面方框图；
图4E是一幅透视方框图，表示基于本发明第三个实施例的电极组合；
图4F是图4E所示实施例的平面方框图；
图4G是一幅透视方框图，表示基于本发明第四个实施例的电极组合；
图4H是图4G所示实施例的平面方框图；
图4I是一幅透视方框图，表示基于本发明第五个实施例的电极组合；
图4J是图4I所示实施例的一部分的详细剖面图；
图4K是图4I所示实施例的一可供选择部分的详细剖面图。
图2A和2B表示的是一个电动空气输送器-调节器系统100，其机身102上有最好后置的进气口或百叶窗104，最好前置和侧置的出气口106，和基座108。系统机身内是离子发生装置160，最好通过一种可用开关S1控制的AC：DC电源为其供电。离子发生装置160是自含(self-contained)式的，为了使本发明的系统工作，除了周围空气，再没有其他东西需要来自系统机身之外，除了外部的电源。
机身102的顶面有一个用户使用的提升手柄112，由一个第一电极阵列230和一个第二电极阵列240组成的电极组合220装在其上；而第一电极阵列230是由电极232组成的，第二电极阵列240是由电极242组成。第一电极阵列和第二电极阵列是在离子发生装置160的输出终端间串联耦合的，这在图3中看得最清楚。提升手柄112的作用是便于接近构成电极组合的电极，以便清洗，如果必要，还便于替换。
图2A和2B所示本发明系统的一般形状并不是关键的。这个优选实施例从顶到底的高度约为1m，从左到右的宽度约为15cm，从前到后的深度约为10cm，当然，也可以采用其他尺寸和形状。机身的百叶窗状结构可为空气提供充分的进出口，而且经济实用。对于开口104和106，除了它们相对于第二电极阵列的位置，没有实质区别，实际上可以使用一种通用开口。这些开口用于确保本发明的系统有足够量的环境空气流进入或获得，以及有足够量的含有安全量O3的离子化空气流从单元130排出。
正如将要描述的，当单元100用S1供电时，离子发生器160的高压输出在第一电极阵列产生离子，而离子附着在第二电极阵列上。离子在“IN”到“OUT”方向上的运动夹带空气分子，于是电动地产生向外流出的电离的空气。图2A和2B上的标记“IN”表示含有微粒物质60的环境空气的进入，标记“OUT”表示基本上去掉微粒物质的清洁空气的流出，微粒物质靠静电附着在第二电极阵列表面。在电离空气流产生过程中，作为收益有安全量的臭氧(O3)产生。给机身内表面102加上静电屏蔽，以降低可检测的电磁辐射，可能是合于需要的。例如，为了降低这种辐射，可在机身内加金属屏蔽，或在机身内的一些部分涂上金属漆。
在图3中可以最清楚地看到，离子发生单元160包括高压发生器单元170和可把初始交流电压(如117VAC)变成直流(“DC”)电压的电路180。电路180最好包括控制发生器单元输出电压(其控制的改变可用用户开关S2)的形态和/或负载周期的电路。电路180最好还包括一个与开关S3耦合的脉冲模式部件，以临时提供突增的臭氧输出。电路180还可以包括一个计时器电路和一个可视指示器，如一个发光二极管(“LED”)之类。LED和其他指示器(如果合于需要，包括音响指示器)的信号在有离子产生时出现。计时器在某一预置时间如30分后可自动停止产生离子和/或臭氧，目测指示器和/或音响指示器也随之停止显示信号。
如图3所示，高压发生器单元170最好包括一个约20KHz频率的低压振荡器电路190，向电开关200输出低压脉冲。开关200可选用可控硅开关元件等，它可以控制低压脉冲向升压变压器T1的输入线圈的耦合。T1的副线圈与一个输出高压脉冲的高压倍增器电路210耦合。由高压脉冲发生器170和电路180构成的电路和部件最好在一个可装在机身102内的印刷电路板上制作。如果合于需要，可把外部声频输入(如从一个立体声调谐器)适当地与振荡器190耦合，以通过声音调制单元160所产生的电动空气流。结果可能得到一个静电扬声器，使输出的空气流对于可接收声频输入信号的人耳是可听的。而且，输出空气流仍可含离子和臭氧。
来自高压脉冲发生器170的输出脉冲最好至少是10KV峰到峰的，其有效DC偏置或许是这个峰到峰电压的一半，并有或许是20KHz频率。脉冲串输出最好有约10％的负载周期，这可延长电池的寿命。当然，可以替代采用不同的峰到峰振幅、DC偏置、脉冲串波形、负载周期和/或重复频率。确实，可以采用一种100％的脉冲串(即一种本质上是DC的高压)，虽然电池的寿命会较短。因此，发生器单元170可以(但不是必须)叫做高压脉冲发生器。
振荡频率不是特别关键的，至少约20KHz的频率被优选了，这个频率是人听不见的。如果宠物和本发明的系统放在同一房间内，采用一种更高的频率，以防止宠物不安和/或嚎叫，可能是合于需要的。
来自高压脉冲发生器单元170的输出是与第一电极阵列230和第二电极阵列240所构成的电极组合220耦合的。单元170起一种DC：DC高压发生器的作用，这种作用也可以采用其他给电极组合220输出高压脉冲的电路和/或技术来执行。
在图3所示实施例中，单元170的正输出端与第一电极阵列230耦合，负输出端与第二电极阵列240耦合。这种耦合的极性已发现有很好的工作性能，包括使不想要的电极振动声响或交流声最小化。于是，有一种静电空气流产生，从第一电极阵列流向第二电极阵列。(图中以“OUT”表示这种空气流。)因此，把电极组合220装在机身100内，要使第二电极阵列240靠近“OUT”口，第一电极阵列230靠近“IN”口。
当来自高压脉冲发生器170的电压或脉冲过第一电极阵列230和第二电极阵列240耦合时，在第一电极阵列230的电极232周围相信将产生一个等离子式的电场。这个电场使第一电极阵列与第二电极阵列之间的环境空气电离，产生一种向第二电极阵列流动的“OUT”空气流。“IN”空气流可以理解为经口104进入，“OUT”空气流可以理解为经口106出现。臭氧和离子相信是在第一电极阵列的电极232附近同时产生，本质上随来自与第一电极阵列耦合的发生器170的电位而变化。通过升高或降低第一电极阵列处的电位可以增加或减少臭氧的产生。把相反的极性电位与第二电极阵列的电极242耦合，本质上可加速第一电极阵列处产生的离子的运动，产生图中标作“OUT”的空气流。当离子向第二电极阵列运动时，相信它们将推动或带动空气分子向第二电极阵列运动。要增加这种运动的相对速度，可通过相对于第一电极阵列处电位降低第二电极阵列处电位来实现。
例如，如果把+10KV加于第一电极阵列，而对第二电极阵列不加电位，则有一种离子(其净电荷是正的)云将在第二电极阵列附近形成。而且，相对高的10KV电位可产生大量臭氧。通过给第二电极阵列耦合一种相对负的电位，可增大净发射离子所驱动的空气体的进度，因为运动离子的动量是守恒的。
另一方面，如果保持同样的有效流出(OUT)速度而减少臭氧的产出是合于需要的，则可把示范性的10KV在两电极阵列间进行分配。例如，发生器170可给第一电极阵列+4KV(或某个其他比例)，给第二电极阵列-6KV(或某个其他比例)。在这个例子中，+4KV和-6KV可以理解为是相对于地量度的。使本发明的系统输出安全量的臭氧可以理解为是合于需要的。因此，高压最好这样分配：给第一电极阵列加约+4KV，给第二电极阵列加约-6KV。
正如所指出的，流出气流(OUT)最好含安全量的O3，因为O3可以破坏或至少大大改变流出气流所含的细菌、微生物和其他生命(或准生命)物质。因此，当合上开关S1，使B1有足够的启电动位时，来自高压脉冲发生器单元170的脉冲可产生一种由电离空气和O3组成的流出气流(OUT)。合上开关S1，在电离发生时，LED将显示可见信号。
本发明的最佳工作参数在制造时确定，用户不可调节。例如，把单元170所产生的高压脉冲的峰到峰输出电压和/或负载周期加大，可提高空气流动速度、离子含量和臭氧含量。在这个优选例中，流出气流的速度约为200英尺/分，离子含量约为2,000,000/cc，臭氧含量约为40ppb(环境含量以上)到2,000ppb(环境含量以上)。把R2/R1的比降低到约20∶1之下，将减低流动速度，把在第一电极阵列与第二电极阵列之间耦合的高压脉冲的峰到峰电压和/或负载周期降低也是如此。
实际上，单元100是放在室内的，与具有适当工作电位的电源相接，电源一般是117VAC。合上S1，电离单元160经出口150发射电离的空气，最好还有某些臭氧。含有离子和臭氧的空气流可使室内空气变新鲜，臭氧是有益的，能去掉或至少减少不合需要的臭味、细菌、微生物等。空气流实际上是电动产生的，因为在本发明中没有特意的转动部件。(如所指出的，在电极内可发生某种机械振动。)正如参照图4A所要描述的，本发明合于需要之处在于，它实际上输出净剩余的负离子，因为这些离子比正离子更有益于健康。
上面已一般地描述了本发明的各个方面，下面将描述电极组合220的优选例。在不同的优选例中，电极组合220包括至少有电极232的第一电极阵列230，最好至少有电极242的第二电极阵列。很清楚，电极232和242的材料应当导电，抗加高压所引起的腐蚀，还要坚固得经得住清洗。
在这里所描述的各种电极组合中，第一电极阵列230中的电极232最好用钨制造。钨足够坚固，经得住清洗，有很高的熔点，不会因电离而熔断，还有粗糙的外表面，似乎有利于提高电离效率。另一方面，电极242最好有高度抛光外表面，以最大限度减小点到点辐射。因此，电极242最好用不锈钢、特别是黄铜制造。电极232的抛光面也有利于清洗。
与Lee所公开的先前工艺的电极相比，本发明的电极232和242，重量轻，易制造，可批量生产。而且，这里所描述的电极232和242可更有效地产生电离的空气和安全量的臭氧O3。
在本发明中，高压脉冲发生器170在第一电极阵列230与第二电极阵列240之间耦合。高压脉冲产生从第一电极阵列向第二电极阵列流动(这里由标以“OUT”的空箭头指示)的电离的空气流。因此，电极232可以叫发射电极，电极242可以叫收集电极。流出的空气含安全量的O3，出现在本发明开口106处。
根据本发明，高压脉冲器的正输出端或输出口最好与电极232耦合，负输出端或输出口最好与电极242耦合。所发射离子的净极性相信是正的，即正离子比所发射的负离子多。无论如何，这种优选的电极组合的电耦合，与相反极性耦合(如互换正负输出口的连接)相比，可最大限度减小来自电极232的交流声响。
然而，当正离子的产生有利于形成一种相对安静的空气流时，从健康观点看，合于需要的是，输出空气流富含负离子，而不是富含正离子。不过，应当指出，在某些实施例中，高压脉冲器的一端(最好是负端)实际上可能有环境空气。因此，第二电极阵列中的电极不必用导线与高压脉冲发生器连接。尽管如此，在第二电极阵列与高压脉冲发生器一端之间仍存在一种“有效连接”，这里是通过环境空气。
现在转到图4A和4B所示实施例，电极组合220包括两电极阵列，第一电极阵列230由线电极232构成，第二电极阵列240一般由“U”形电极242构成。在优选实施例中，构成第一电极阵列的电极数N1最好与构成第二电极阵列的电极数N2相差1。在好几个所示实施例的中，有N2＞N1。然而，在图4中，如果需要，可在第一电极阵列230的出口端增加第一阵列的电极232，于是有N1＞N2，即5个电极232对4个电极242。
电极232最好是一段钨丝，而电极242可用片状金属制作，最好是不锈钢，虽然也可用黄铜或其他片状金属。对于中空而拉长的“U”形电极242来说，片状金属容易做成它的侧区244和鼻状区242。虽然图4A表示了第二电极阵列240中的4个电极242，和第一电极阵列230中的3个电极232，但如所指出的，在每一电极阵列中可以采用另外数目的电极，如所示，最好保持一种对称的交错布局。在图4中可以看到，虽然微粒物质出现在进入(IN)的空气中，但流出(OUT)的空气基本上驱除了微粒物质，这些微粒物质是附着在第二电极阵列的表面上，表面最好大一些(见图4B)。
在图4B中可以最清楚地看到，两列隔开的电极是交错的，以致每个第一阵列的电极232基本上是与两个第二阵列的电极242等距离。这种对称的交错结构已被发现是一种特别有效的电极安排。交错结构在几何上最好是对称的，即，相邻的电极232或相邻的电极242是等距离隔开的，距离分别是Y1和Y2。然而，也可以采用非对称结构，虽然离子发射量和空气流量很可能会降低。另外，电极232和电极242所使用的数量可以理解为可以与所示的数量不同。
在图4A中，典型的尺寸如下：电极232的直径约为0.08mm，距离Y1和Y2都约为16mm，距离X1约为16mm，距离L约为20mm，电极高度Z1和Z2都约为1m。电极242的宽度最好4mm左右，制作电极242的材料的厚度约为0.5mm。当然也可以采用其他尺寸和形状。电极232的直径最好小一点，以帮助产生一个合于需要的高压场。另一方面，电极232(以及电极242)合于需要的是，要足够坚固，以经得住不时的清洗。
第一电极阵列230中的电极232通过导线234与高压脉冲发生器170的第一(最好是正的)输出端耦合，而第二电极阵列240中的电极242通过导线244与高压脉冲发生器170的第二(最好是负的)输出端耦合。在不同电极的哪里与导线234或244做电连接是相对不重要的。因此，作为例子，虽然图4B表示的是导线244与鼻状端246以里的某些电极242相连接，但其他电极242则可以在电极别的地方的导线244做电连接。与不同电极的电连接也可以在电极的外表面进行，只要基本上不会损害流出的空气量。
为了便于从单元100拆下电极组合(如图2B所示)，不同电极的下端最好对着导线或其他导体234或244的配合部分嵌入。例如，当电极列220完全插入单元100的机身102时，“杯状”电极可以固定在不同电极自由端所嵌入的导线234和244上。
电极232的有效电场嵌入面积与最接近的电极242的有效电场嵌入面积之比至少约为15∶1，最好是20∶1。如在图4A和4B所示实施例中，R1/R2的比≈2mm/0.05mm≈50∶1。
在这个实施例和这里所述其他实施例中，电离似乎发生在第一电极阵列230中的较小电极232处，臭氧的产生呈高压电弧的一种功能出现。例如，把来自高压脉冲发生器170的脉冲的峰到峰电压振幅和/或负载周期加大，可提高流出的电离空气流中的臭氧含量。如果合于需要，可使用用户控制开关S2，通过(安全地)改变电压振幅和/或负载周期，对臭氧含量稍加改变。用于实现这种控制的特殊电路在现有技术中是已知的，无需在此详加描述。
请注意图4A和4B中至少有一个输出控制电极243，最好与象第二电极阵列一样的电位做耦合。电极243最好在其侧面加上一个尖端，如一个三角形。电极243的尖端产生大量负离子(因为这个电极与相对负的高压耦合)。这些负离子可中和过量正离子，否则其会在流出的空气流中出现。因此“OUT”的空气流含净负电荷。电极243最好是不锈钢、铜或其他导体的，底部约20mm高，约12mm宽。
加上尖端的电极243的另一个优点是，它们可以固定的位置安装在单元100的机身内，在清洗这个单元时，这是用手不容易触到的。如果放在别的位置，电极243上的尖端很容易产生伤口。加上一个电极243已发现足以提供足够数量的输出负离子，不过也可以加进更多的这种电极。
在图4A和4C所示实施例中，每个“U”形电极都有两个尾边缘，这有利于流出的电离空气和O3电动的输送。请注意在一个尾边缘的至少一个部位加上一个带尖端的电极区243’。电极区243’有助于负离子的产生，其方式如参照图4A和4B所描述的一样。不过，请注意，在用布等东西除去电极242那里沉淀的微粒物质时，用户自伤的可能性较高。在图4C和接下去的图中，为了容易明白，微粒物质的问题就不再提了。不过，从图2A到图4B所示可以看出，微粒物质出现在进入的空气中，而在流出的空气中基本上没有。正如已经描述的，微粒物质60一般是靠静电附着在电极242的表面区。
请注意，图4C和4D所示实施例表示的是电极242的稍微截去一点的版本。图4A和4B所示实施例中的尺寸L约为20mm，而图4C和4D的L截短了，约为8mm。图4C中的其他尺寸最好与针对图4A和4B所说的一样。在图4C和4D中，在电极242的边缘加上尖角区246，似乎有助于更有效地产生电离空气流。图4C所示第二电极阵列240的结构，根据尾边缘较短的几何尺寸，可以理解为比图4A和4B所示的结构坚固。如早已指出的，第一电极阵列和第二电极阵列采用一种对称交错的几何布局对于图4C中的结构是优选的。
在图4D所示实施例中，标以242-1和242-2的最外侧的第二电极阵列，基本上没有最外侧尾边缘。图4D中的尺寸L最好为3mm左右，其他尺寸可以与针对图4A和4B所说的一样。再者，图4D所示实施例的R2/R1的比最好大于20∶1。
图4E和4F表示的是电极组合220的另一个实施例。其中，第一电极阵列包括一个单一导线电极232，第二电极阵列包括一对剖面上弯曲成“L”形的电极242。与前述实施例所说的不同，这个实施例中的典型尺寸为：X1≈12mm，Y1≈6mm，Y2≈5mm，L1≈3mm。R2/R2的有效比也比20∶1大。构成图4E和4F中电极组合220的电极较少，这使其制造较经济，也易于清洗，虽然可能使用的电极232多于一个，电极242多于两个。这个实施例也采用了前述交错对称布局，其中，电极232与两个电极242是等距离的。
图4G和4H表示电极组合220的又一个实施例。在这个实施例中，第一电极阵列230是一段导线232，而第二电极阵列240包括一对杆状或柱状电极242。象在前述实施例中一样，电极232与电极242对称等距离是优选的。导线电极232最好采用约0.08mm的钨丝，而柱状电极242是采用2mm直径的不锈钢。因此，在这个实施例中，R2/R1之比约为25∶1。其他尺寸可以类似于别的实施例，如图4E，4F。当然，在这个电极组合220中，电极232可以多于一个，电极242可以多于两个。
一个特别优选的实施例示于图4I和4J中。在这两幅图中，第一电极阵列包括一个单一的针状电极232，第二电极阵列包括一个单一的、带有圆形内开口246的环状电极242，这两电极阵列的安排是共轴的。不过，如虚线电极232’和242’所显示的，电极组合220可以包括多个这样的针状电极和环状电极。电极232最好是钨的，电极242最好是不锈钢的。
图4I和4J所示实施例采用的典型尺寸是：L1≈10mm，X1≈9.5mm，T≈0.5mm，开口246的直径约为12mm。尺寸L1最好足够长，以使电极232的上游部分(如图4I中靠左的部分)不干扰电极232与收集电极242之间的电场。不过，如图4J所示，R2/R1的有效比是受电极232的尖端几何形态控制的。而且，在这个优选例中，这个比也大于20∶1。图4J中所画的虚线表示理论上的电力场线，由发射电极232发出，止于收集电极246的曲面。这个体电场最好在电极232和电极242之间的一个大约±45°的共轴范围内发射。另一方面，如果电极242中的开口和/或电极232和242的几何形态使共轴的角度区太窄，则空气流将不适当地受到限制。
示于图41中的环-针状电极组合结构的一个优点是，环状电极242的平坦区为流动空气流中的微粒物质60的附着提供了足够的表面积，还容易清洗。
环-针状电极组合结构的另一个优点是，可以比先前工艺的结构或图4A到4H中的结构产生更多的臭氧。例如，图4A到4H中的结构可以产生大约50ppb的臭氧，而图4I的结构则可以产生2,000ppb的臭氧。
尽管如此，申请人的第一阵列针状电极仍可与图4A到4H中的第二电极阵列一起使用。而且，申请人的第二阵列环状电极也可与图4A到4H中的第一电极阵列一起使用。例如，对图4A到4H所示实施例加以改进，每个导线或柱状电极232可以用一列串联的针状电极代替(如图4I到图4K所示)，而同时可以保留这些图上所示的第二电极阵列。据此看来，在对图4A到4H所示实施例作另一些改进时，第一电极阵列可以如所示被保留，而每个第二阵列的电极242可以用一列串联的环状电极替代(如图4I到图4K所示)。
图4J是图4I中电极242中心部分的一个详细剖面图。在图4J中可以最清楚地看到，靠近电极242中心开口的曲线区246似乎提供了一个大小可以接受的表面积，来自电极232远端的许多电离路径到这个表面基本上有相等的路线长度。因此，电极232的末端(或发射端)的有利之处是小，以集中两电极阵列间的电场，而电极242临近区域则最好地提供了多条等距离的电极列内的电离路径。用这种结构，可以得到一种约为90英尺/分的高排出流动速度，和一种2,000ppb的臭氧发射，证明它有很高的工作效率。
在图4K中，一个或更多的电极232为碳纤维导电块232″所替代；此导电块有一个末端面，其中，向外突出的纤维233-1……233-N呈一种“钉子基座”的外貌。这些向外突出的纤维每根都起一个发射电极的作用，提供了多个发射面。过一段时间，这些纤维电极的某些或全部会逐渐消耗掉，这时可换上新的石墨块232″。除石墨以外的其他材料也可用于代替电极块232″，只要这种材料有一个具有象233-N一样的向外突出的导电纤维的面。
如所描述的，离子的净输出受在输出空气流附近放置偏置电极(如电极243)的影响，这种电极最好放在第二电极阵列的下游方。如果离子输出量不合需要，这样的电极可起到中和作用。如果需要，本发明能加以调节，产生离子，而不产生臭氧。
如果合于需要，本发明可以减小尺寸，如提供一种电池供电的个人系统。如果合于需要，也可以提供一种适合用于汽车内尺寸的系统；这种系统由汽车可以提供的普通12VDC电源供电。在这样的实施例中，可对发生器40加以改造，以提供DC：DC而不是AC：DC的高压转换。在用于清洁空气时，下游的电极倾向于堆积微粒物质，为了清洗，最好把它们从系统中拆下。在第一电极阵列是导线的实施例中，即部件相对易损的情况下，不拿开这些导线电极由用户清洗，而提供一种自清洗功能，或许是合于需要的。例如，在图2B中，如果导线型电极232被制成固定的(即用户不能拆下的)，则与电极242相连的系统的下端可以加一个活动的塑料刷片，其上有过导线电极任一侧的槽。提升手柄112时，只拆下(在这个实施例中)比较坚固的第二电极阵列，无论何时这样做，比较脆弱的第一电极阵列都可借助塑料刷片的作用得到清洗；塑料刷片安在与第二电极阵列的下端相连的部件(图2B中未表示)的底部。这种擦拭作用在把手柄112(和所有附件)从系统机身拆下或插回时都会有。
如果合于需要的话，还有一种改进是感知输出的臭氧含量和/或离子含量，并用这种感知的信息控制高压发生器，调节所需要的输出。在某些应用中，在系统上或系统里抑或系统机身背侧，安装一个或几个适当的传感器就够了。来自这种传感器的输出信号是被处理的信号，可用于控制高压发生器的一种或多种性能，如负载周期、脉冲振幅、总脉冲重复率等。在另一些应用中，传感器可远离本发明的系统放置，如可以放在使用本发明系统的房间的对角。传感器数据可利用RF、光、IR、声能、准声能的任何一种或全部实时传送给一个适当的接收器，接收器最好安在系统机身内。这种反馈不仅能对本发明系统的输出，而且对使用本发明系统的环境效应提供一种更纯粹的量度。即使不使用实际的输出反馈，用能感知温度和/或湿度的传感器装备本发明的系统也是合于需要的，因为这些环境参数可以影响本发明输出空气流的臭氧含量和/或离子含量。在这种实施例中，有一种查阅表或类似的查阅工具，可能是与装在机身内的微型控制器相连的，可存储已知的对比资料，以致在某一给定的感知温度和/或湿度下，能以适当方式自动改变高压发生器的输出性能。这样，例如一种早晨设定的合于需要的输出空气流，可以基本保持不变，即使环境温度和/或湿度(或其他环境特征)到当天晚些时候改变了。
对本发明也可以做其他合于需要的改造。例如，在图2B或图4B所示实施例中，围绕着一些区域—在那里，导线电极232通过附件安装在机身底部—的高压电弧，可通过加高围绕安装附件的套圈，使之减少到最低限度。这种套圈可提高安装附件的有效抗高压性能，有利于本发明的总可靠性。在高压电弧真的出现，用户不明智地把水注入本发明的系统时，给高压发生器提供基于所感知的来自这个高压发生器的电流的反馈是可能的。不合需要的高压电弧有可识别的电流涌动特征，这种涌动特征可以被感知，用于一种反馈装置，以在一段时间—或许一分钟左右—切断高压脉冲的发生。如果这段时间过后，过量的电流脉冲仍然出现，高压脉冲将再次被切断。这时，控制这个动作的电流将启动一个报警LED或其他指示器，告诉用户本发明的系统可能出了某种问题。
对于所公开的实施例，在不违背下述权利要求所确定的、有关本发明的主题和精神时，可以加以改造和变更。

Claims (20)

1.一种电动空气输送器-调节器，包括：
一个至少有一个开口的机身；
一个置于所述机身内的自含式离子发生器；
所述离子发生器至少产生从所述开口靠静电流出的臭氧和电离的空气之一。
2.根据权利要求1的输送器-调节器，其中所述离子发生器包括：
一个带有第一输出端和第二输出端的、并输出负载周期信号的高压发生器，输出端之一可以处于与环境空气相同的电位上，负载周期可在约10％到约100％之间变化；
一个电极组合，在所述输出端之间有效地耦合，包括两电极阵列，第一电极阵列，和沿那里的一个下游方向放置，有效地与所述发生器的第二输出端耦合的第二电极阵列。
3.根据权利要求2的输送器-调节器，其中，所述高压发生器有下述两点特征之一：(a)所述高压发生器给所述第一电极阵列提供一种对地测量的第一级电位，给所述第二电极阵列提供一种对地测量的第二级电位；(b)所述高压发生器给所述第一电极阵列提供一种对地测量的第一级正电位，给所述第二电极阵列提供一种对地测量的第二级负电位。
4.根据权利要求2的输送器-调节器，其中：
所述第一电极阵列包括至少一个从下述电极中选择的电极：(I)有一个点状尖端的针状导电电极；(II)点状导电电极；(III)不锈钢制造的点状导电电极；(IV)钨制造的点状导电电极；(V)一段导电材料，有一端有多条突出的导电纤维，每条导电纤维有一个尖端；(VI)一段碳材料，其端部有多条突出的导电纤维，每条纤维有一个尖端；
所述第二电极阵列包括至少一个从下述5种电极中选择的电极：(I)环状电极，其有一个中心通孔，其布置的大体与所述第一电极阵列中的电极尖端同轴，并位于其下游方向；(II)一个材料环，其布置的大体与所述第一电极阵列中的电极尖端同轴，并位于其下游方向；(III)一个导电元件，过此元件至少有一个孔，其布置的大体与所述第一电极阵列中的电极尖端同轴，并位于其下游方向；(IV)一个导电元件，过此导电元件对于所述第一电极阵列中的每个电极有一个孔，其布置的大体与所述第一电极阵列中的电极尖端同轴，并位于其下游方向；(V)大体圆形的电极，其布置的大体与所述第一电极阵列中的电极尖端同轴，并位于其下游方向；在所述第一电极阵列中，所述圆形电极在剖面上呈一个锥形区，此锥形区尖端指向所述圆形电极上的一个中心通孔；所述圆形电极至少有下述两点特征之一：(a)所述圆形电极在剖面上呈一个止于所述中心孔的圆形面；(b)所述圆形电极的有效内边缘半径与所述第一电极阵列中的电极的有效半径之比大于15∶1。
5.根据权利要求2的输送器-调节器，其中，
所述第一电极阵列包括至少具有下述两个特点之一的电极：(I)所述电极是金属线，(II)所述电极是金属杆；
所述第二电极阵列至少包括两个这样的导电电极，即每个电极在剖面上呈大体的“U”形，有一个球茎状鼻状区和两个尾边缘区；
此“U”形电极是这样放置的，所述鼻状区面对所述第一电极阵列，并与其等距离。
6.根据权利要求5的输送器-调节器，其中，所述第二电极阵列中的电极至少具有下述三个特点之一：(I)一个尾边缘区的一部份比所述电极上留下的尾边缘区长，(II)尾边缘区至少有一个面向下游的点状尖端，(III)所述第二电极阵列中电极的有效半径与所述第一电极阵列中电极的有效半径的比大于15∶1。
7.根据权利要求2的发刷式输送器-调节器，其中：
所述第一电极阵列至少包括一个金属导线电极；
所述第二电极阵列至少包括两个这样的导电电极，即在剖面上呈“L”形，有一个弯曲的鼻状区；
此“L”形电极是这样放置的，所述弯曲的鼻状区面向所述金属导线电极，并与其等距离。
8.根据权利要求2的输送器-调节器，其中：
所述第一电极阵列至少包括一个金属导线电极；
所述第二电极阵列至少包括两个杆状导电电极；
所述杆状导电电极是相对于与所述金属导线电极等距离放置的。
9.根据权利要求8的输送器-调节器，其中，所述杆状电极之一的半径与所述金属导线电极的半径之比大于15∶1。
10.根据权利要求2的输送器-调节器，其中：
所述第一电极阵列至少包括一个金属导线电极；
所述第二电极阵列至少包括两个与所述金属导线电极等距离布置的导电电极段。
11.根据权利要求2的输送器-调节器，还至少包括下述两个装置之一：(I)一个用以确定所述输送器-调节器所产生离子的净极性的偏置电极，(II)用以确定所述输送器-调节器所产生离子的净极性的装置。
12.一种电动提供至少含离子和臭氧之一的清洁空气流的方法，此方法包括：
(a)提供一个至少有一个开口的机身；
(b)在所述机身内，放置一个由第一阵列和，沿其下游方向放置的，第二阵列两电极阵列组成的电极组合；
(c)使一个具有两个输出端的高压发生器在所述第一电极阵列与所述第二阵列之间电极耦合，其中一个输出端可以处于与环境空气相同的电位上。
13.根据权利要求12的方法，其中步骤(c)包括放置所述高压发生器在所述机身内，所述高压发生器输出负载周期信号，负载周期可变化在约10％到约100％之间，并具有下述两个输出特征之一：(a)所述高压发生器给所述第一电极阵列提供一种对地测量的第一级电位，给所述第二电极阵列提供一种对地测量的第二级电位，(b)所述高压发生器给所述第一电极阵列提供一种对地测量的第一级正电位，给所述第二电极阵列提供一种对地测量的第二级负电位。
14.根据权利要求12的方法，还包括把下述两个装置至少一个放置在机身内：(I)一个用以确定所述输送器-调节器所产生离子的净极性的偏置电极，(II)用以调整所述输送器-调节器所产生离子的净极性的装置。
15.根据权利要求12的方法，其中步骤(b)包括：
给所述第一电极阵列至少装备下述6种电极中的一种：(I)有一个点状尖端的针状导电电极；(II)点状导电电极；(III)不锈钢制造的点状导电电极；(IV)钨制造的点状导电电极；(V)一段导电材料，有一端有多条突出的导电纤维，每条导电纤维有一个尖端；(VI)一段碳材料，其端部有多条突出的导电纤维，每条纤维有一个尖端；
给所述第二电极阵列至少装备下述5种导电电极中的一种：(I)环状电极，有一个中心通孔，其布置的大体与所述第一电极阵列中的电极尖端同轴，并位于其下游方向；(II)一个材料环，其布置的大体与所述第一电极阵列中的电极尖端同轴，并位于其下游方向；(1II)导电元件，过此元件至少有一个孔，其布置的大体与所述第一电极阵列中的电极尖端同轴，并位于其下游方向；(IV)导电元件，过此导电元件对于所述第一电极阵列中的每个电极有一个孔，其布置的大体与所述第一电极阵列中的电极尖端同轴，并位于其下游方向；(V)大体圆形的电极，其布置的大体与所进第一电极阵列中的电极尖端同轴，并位于其下游方向；在所述第一电极阵列中，所述圆形电极在剖面上呈一个锥形区，此锥形区尖端止于所述圆形电极上的一个中心孔；其中，所述圆形电极至少有下述两点特征之一：(a)所述圆形电极在剖面上呈一个止于所述中心通孔的圆形面；(b)所述圆形电极的有效内边缘半径与所述第一电极阵列中的电极的有效半径之比大于15∶1。
16.根据权利要求12的方法，其中步骤(b)包括：给所述第一电极阵列至少装备下述两种电极中的一种：(I)导线电极，(II)杆状电极；给所述第二电极阵列至少装备两个下述两种剖面形态的导电电极之一：(I)一大体的“U”形电极，有一个鼻状区和两个尾边缘区；(II)一大体的“L”形电极，有一个弯曲的鼻状区；其中，所述第二电极阵列的电极是这样放置的：所述弯曲的鼻状区面向所述第一电极阵列的电极，并与其等距离；所述第二电极阵列的电极至少具有下述三个特点之一：(I)在至少一个所述电极上一个尾边缘区的一部份比所述电极上留下的尾边缘区长，(II)尾边缘区至少有一个面向下游的点状尖端，(III)所述第二电极阵列中电极的有效半径与所述第一电极阵列中电极的有效半径的比大于15∶1。
17.根据权利要求12的方法，其中步骤(b)包括：给所述第一电极阵列装备一个锥针状导电电极；给所述第二电极阵列装备一个环状导电电极，此环状导电电极有一个中心通孔，其布置的大体与所述锥针状电极同轴，并位于其下游方向。
18.根据权利要求12的方法，其中步骤(b)包括：给所述第一电极阵列装备至少一个导线电极；给所述第二电极阵列装备至少两个与所述导线电极等距离布置的杆状导电电极；
其中，所述第一电极阵列电极和所述第二电极阵列电极至少有下述两个特征之一：(I)所述杆状电极之一的半径与所述金属导线电极的半径之比大于15∶1；(II)所述第二电极阵列至少包括两个与所述金属导线电极等距离布置的导电电极段。
19.根据权利要求12的方法，其中步骤(b)包括：给所述第二电极阵列设置至少两个与所述导线电极等距离并基本平行布置的导电电极段。
20.权利要求12的方法，其中步骤(c)包括提供一个由AC电压供电的高压发生器。
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USRE41812E1 (en) 2010-10-12
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US6176977B1 (en) 2001-01-23
US7662348B2 (en) 2010-02-16

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