CN102466825A - Electrowetting zoom lens based on ion liquid - Google Patents

Electrowetting zoom lens based on ion liquid Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102466825A
CN102466825A CN2010105516371A CN201010551637A CN102466825A CN 102466825 A CN102466825 A CN 102466825A CN 2010105516371 A CN2010105516371 A CN 2010105516371A CN 201010551637 A CN201010551637 A CN 201010551637A CN 102466825 A CN102466825 A CN 102466825A
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liquid
ion
zoom lens
wetting
lens
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邓友全
胡晓东
张晓萍
张世国
张庆华
马祥元
卢六斤
何昱德
曲超
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Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics LICP of CAS
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Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics LICP of CAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses an electrowetting zoom lens based on ion liquid, comprising a cylindrical shell, a metal electrode, a transparent electrode, an insulating membrane, a hydrophobic membrane, a glass top cover, a glass bottom cover, conducting liquid and filling liquid, wherein the conducting liquid can be one or two or combination of a plurality of ion liquids. Beside having the advantages of general zoom liquid lenses, the electrowetting zoom lens based on ion liquid further has the advantages of lower voltage required for implementing focusing, capability of regulating focal length change range through changing the type of the ion liquid, capability of adapting to drastic change of external temperature, and extreme conditions, such as low temperature, high temperature and the like, capability of being applied to near-infrared imaging and the like.

Description

Based on the wetting zoom lens of ion liquid electricity
Technical field
The invention belongs to the micro-optic technical field; Relate to a kind of wetting zoom lens of liquid electricity that use ionic liquid as conducting liquid; Be specifically related to a kind of low temperature, high temperature, vacuum etc. of can be used for than under the harsh conditions; Can adapt to the ambient temperature acute variation, not only can be used for common imaging system but also can be used for the liquid zoom lens of near infrared imaging.
Background technology
Zoom lens have a very important role in optical system.Along with the development of optical communication technique and to the continuous increase of portable type camera shot equipment demand, the demand of miniature zooming lens increases thereupon in recent years.Micro-lens in the market mainly is small-sized traditional mechanical motion lens; It adopts glass or plastics to obtain tiny lens through the method for injection moulding; Then through the optical geometry design; Small-sized camera lens is integrated in the miniature lens barrel of adjustable positions, accomplishes the purpose that changes lens focus through the position that changes camera lens.Owing to need constantly be optimized design to lens optical system, traditional mechanical motion lens group structure is complicated, energy consumption is high, easy to wear, involve great expense, and size is on the verge of the limit, can not satisfy the demand of industry development.For realizing the microminiaturized of zoom lens and improving its serviceable life; Proposed some novel zoom micro lens technologies at present in the world, liquid lens is exactly wherein a kind of, compared to other novel lenticules; The structure of liquid lens is the simplest, and image quality is better.
The phenomenon that changes partially conductive liquid contact angle through impressed voltage is called electrowetting effect (electrowetting), and electrowetting effect can be used for controlling the surface curvature of fine droplet.Utilize voltage to change the surface tension of liquid based on the wetting liquid zoom lens of electricity, thereby change the surface curvature of drop, realize the zoom of liquid lens.Compare with traditional mechanical motion lens combination, based on the advantage of the wetting zooming liquid lens of electricity be simple in structure, volume is little, in light weight, electrical power consumed is low, cost is low, wearing and tearing are little, light portable.Based on above advantage, liquid lens has begun industrial-scale production, and is widely used in optical devices, display device and the MEMS.
Many in the world companies disclose design and related patent U.S. Patent No. (US6014259, US6538823, US6545815, the US6625351 of the liquid lens of adjustable focal length at present; US6665127, US6768539, US6778328, US6893877; EP1963894A2, EP1804090A1, EP1870741A1, EP1870742; EP1884805, CN200580011389.9, CN02141675.3, CN200710086069.0).Wherein, ASTART company adopts the diaphragm of piezoelectric to change the curvature direction and the radius of liquid film, thereby reaches the purpose that makes the liquid lens zoom.LUCENT company has proposed to change the focal length that method such as character of surface between the character of surface, electrode of design, the electrode of electrode is regulated liquid lens; And released the liquid zoom lens of the pure electric power control of first item in the world in 2003, under electric field action, can change the optical characteristics of oneself.。2004, Dutch PHILIPS company put on display the zooming liquid lens that utilizes the novel inorganic tool movable part that Fluid Focus technological development goes out.French VARIOPTIC company had released two liquid lens Arctic320 and Arctic416 in 2006, had realized commercial liquid lens, can be applicable to mobile phone, medical treatment and digital photography market.
Liquid based on the wetting zooming liquid lens of electricity is made up of conducting liquid and two kinds of liquid of filling liquid.For realizing zoom function preferably, density that requires these two kinds of liquid to have to be complementary and bigger refringence and less viscosity and suitable surface tension.In addition, for satisfying the business-like requirement of liquid lens, must guarantee these two kinds of liquid under higher temperature, as 80 ℃ of long-time running never degenerate, do not mix, non-volatile.But; General traditional liquid lens uses the WS of inorganic salts as conducting liquid; Be prone to produce physical change and chemical reaction between two kinds of liquid under the long higher temperatures temperature, the WS of inorganic salts is volatile when higher temperature, makes the lens reliability not good; And when ambient temperature was higher than 80 ℃, liquid lens can't be worked.Up to now also not about having the report of the liquid lens of high temperature reliability preferably.And when temperature is lower than 0 ℃; Owing to receive the restriction of water self physicochemical property; The WS of feasible use inorganic salts can't use as the liquid lens of conducting liquid; Even can reduce its solidifying point through the method for in the WS of inorganic salts, adding anti-coagulants, but its ultimate value also can only reach-20 ℃.At present, not about can be used for the relevant report of liquid lens under low temperature (<-20 ℃) situation.And, when the environment temperature acute variation,, produce fine droplet in top end easily because the WS of inorganic salts has volatility, reduce image quality, influence imaging effect.Although number of patents has been described the mechanical realization based on the wetting liquid lens of electricity, the liquid constituent of unexposed liquid lens.And, in these patents, do not provide the liquid constituent that can be used for liquid lens that can at all prevent two kinds of liquid mixing, volatilization yet.As everyone knows, employed infrared film can visible light and the near infrared ray of recording wavelength between 0.4~1.35 μ m in infrared imagery technique, is 0.4~1.1 μ m and have the wave spectrum that the photoelectrical coupler (CCD) of the digital camera of photographic IR function can respond.Because water has stronger absorption to the near infrared ray between 0.9~1.1 μ m, so the liquid lens that uses the WS of inorganic salts to make as conducting liquid can't be used near infrared imaging.For these reasons, use the liquid lens of the WS of inorganic salts as the conducting liquid making, its usable range is very limited.
Ionic liquid (RTILs) generally be constitute by asymmetric organic cation of the relatively large structure of specific volume and the less relatively inorganic anion of volume, in room temperature or be bordering on the molten salt system that is in a liquid state under the room temperature.Comparing with traditional molecular solvent, often show unique physicochemical property and functions peculiar, is that the novel green medium or the supple-virtuosity of one type of worth research and development can material (soft materials).The eighties is early stage, and the Britain BP company and the research institutions such as IFP of France begin systematically to explore the possibility of RTILs as solvent and catalyzer.After the nineties, the success of the RTILs of a series of stable performances is synthetic to make its applied research in catalysis and organic synthesis field active gradually.Ionic liquid has liquid journey wide (50 ℃-200 ℃), Heat stability is good, has series of advantages such as satisfactory electrical conductivity, physicochemical property (index of refraction, density, viscosity) are adjustable, steam forces down.Because ionic liquid is liquid state in-50 ℃-200 ℃ temperature range; And steam forces down; Volatilization hardly; Therefore the liquid lens of making as conducting liquid than the WS that uses inorganic salts, the ionic liquid zoom lens can be used under the extreme conditions such as low temperature, high temperature, vacuum, and can adapt to the ambient temperature acute variation.Because ionic liquid has designability; Its physicochemical property (index of refraction, density, viscosity) are adjustable; So can design according to different demands, produce ionic liquid, thereby form multiple ionic liquid lens with different focal range of adjustment with different indexs of refraction, density, viscosity.In addition, under the original state that does not have the impressed voltage effect, the liquid lens that the WS that uses inorganic salts is made as conducting liquid is concavees lens, need apply bigger voltage and make it become the focusing that convex lens could be realized lens by concavees lens.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of based on the wetting zoom lens of ion liquid electricity.
Of the present inventionly be convex lens, therefore compare, only need lower voltage can realize focusing on the liquid lens that the WS that uses inorganic salts is made as conducting liquid based on its original state of the wetting zoom lens of ion liquid electricity.Because ionic liquid has transmitance preferably in the near-infrared region of 0.9~1.1 μ m, makes the ionic liquid zoom lens also can be applicable to the infrared imaging field.In sum, ionic liquid is one type of perfect medium that can be applicable to zooming liquid lens, and does not see the report of in electric wetting liquid zoom lens, using about ionic liquid at home and abroad.
A kind of based on the wetting zoom lens of ion liquid electricity; Focal length variations through electric signal controlling liquid lens; The structure that is according to the invention based on the wetting zoom lens of ion liquid electricity shown in Figure 1 comprises conducting liquid (1), filling liquid (2), shell (3), metal electrode (4), insulating material (5), hydrophobic material (6), transparency electrode (7), transparent bottom (8), transparent cap (9); Wherein, Metal electrode (4) is positioned on the inwall of shell (3), and insulating material (5) is positioned on the metal electrode (4), and hydrophobic material (6) is positioned on the insulating material (5); Transparency electrode (7) is positioned on the transparent bottom (8); Shell (3), transparent bottom (8) and transparent cap (9) are formed the container of sealing conducting liquid (1) and filling liquid (2), and said conducting liquid (1) and filling liquid (2) are immiscible, have different indexs of refraction and contact with each other through interface (10).
Of the present invention based on the wetting zoom lens of ion liquid electricity, wherein, conducting liquid is an ionic liquid, and said ionic liquid can be a kind of, also can be two or more ion liquid combinations.
Of the present invention based on the wetting zoom lens of ion liquid electricity; Wherein, Ion liquidly be characterized as a kind of in kation Wei phosphonium cation, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole kation, N-alkyl pyridine kation, N-alkyl-N-methyl nafoxidine kation, the S-alkylthrophene kation, substituted alkyl is a kind of in ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl group, the myristyl.
Figure BSA00000352877600041
Negative ion is a kind of in tetrafluoroborate, hexafluoro-phosphate radical, sulfate radical, bisulfate ion, dihydrogen phosphate, phosphate radical, nitrate radical, perchlorate, p-toluenesulfonic acid root, benzoate anion, acetate, trifluoracetic acid root, Loprazolam root, trifluoromethayl sulfonic acid root, two (perfluoroalkyl group sulfonyl) imido grpup negative ion, four cyano borate, dinitroso amine root, dicyanamide root, tricyano methane root, thiocyanate radical, selenium cyanate radical, the asccharin acid group.
Figure BSA00000352877600042
Of the present invention based on the wetting zoom lens of ion liquid electricity; Wherein, Filling liquid can be n-dodecane, n-hexadecane or the silicone oil that contains organic additive; Also can be to have big electric conductivity difference and immiscible another kind of ionic liquid, be specially the two fluoroform sulfonamide ionic liquids of three hexyl Shi Si Wan Ji Phosphonium with ionic liquid as conducting liquid.
Of the present invention based on the wetting zoom lens of ion liquid electricity, wherein, the organic additive in the filling liquid can be 1; 6 dibromo normal hexanes, bromobenzene, 1,2,3; 6-tetrabromo hexane and composition thereof; The mass percent of organic additive can be 0.001%~30%, and under the condition that can guarantee conducting liquid and filling liquid density matching, the amount of interpolation is few as much as possible.
Of the present invention based on the wetting zoom lens of ion liquid electricity; Wherein, The cumulative volume of conducting liquid and filling liquid is the volume that transparent cap (9), transparent bottom (8) and shell (3) are formed cavity; The volume ratio of conducting liquid and filling liquid is 1: 3~1: 1, wherein, and the minimum that the volume of conducting liquid preferably can cover the transparent bottom in the cavity fully.
Of the present invention based on the wetting zoom lens of ion liquid electricity, its internal diameter can be 0.5-4mm, and corresponding height can be 0.25-4mm.
Of the present invention based on the wetting zoom lens of ion liquid electricity; During work; The alternating current that between metal electrode (4) and transparency electrode (7), applies frequency and be 0.001~100kHz is used to provide voltage that 0V-80V do not wait with control ionic liquid lens zoom, and optimized frequency is 1kHz.
With the liquid lens ratio of traditional use inorganic salt solution, of the present invention have following characteristics based on the wetting zoom lens of ion liquid electricity:
1. can be in the optical system of extreme environments such as low temperature (40 ℃), high temperature (+100 ℃), vacuum operate as normal.
2. ionic liquid is non-volatile, can adapt to the acute variation of ambient temperature.
3. realize to focus on required voltage lower (<60V).
4. not only can be used for common imaging system but also can be used near infrared imaging.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the present invention is based on a kind of embodiment of the wetting zoom lens of ion liquid electricity.
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of Fig. 1.
Among the figure, 1. conducting liquid, 2. filling liquid, 3. shell, 4. metal electrode, 5. insulating material, 6. hydrophobic material, 7. transparency electrode, 8. transparent bottom, 9. transparent cap.
Experiment is implemented to describe
Based on the manufacturing approach of the wetting ionic liquid zoom lens of electricity, its manufacturing approach is:
1). metal electrode (4) is connected on the shell (3).
2). adopt the method for chemical meteorology deposition, insulating material (5) N type Parylene is coated on the metal electrode (4).
3). adopt drop-coating, Teflon AF1600 is coated on the insulating material (5) with hydrophobic material (6).
4). adopt the method for vacuum sputtering, ITO is coated on the transparent bottom (8) with transparency electrode (7).
5). shell (3) is connected on the transparent bottom (8) that is coated with ITO.
6). conducting liquid (1) and filling liquid (2) are injected above-mentioned connector according to sequencing.
7). transparent cap (9) is assembled on the above-mentioned connector, and encapsulation is accomplished.
Embodiment
Below, will come the more detailed the present invention of explanation with reference to concrete example.Yet providing these examples is the purposes in order to explain, and is not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Select 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole perchlorate ([EMIm] [ClO for use 4]) as conducting liquid.The mixed solution of 1,6 dibromo normal hexane of n-dodecane and mass percent 18% of selecting mass percent 82% for use is as filling liquid.Through with conducting liquid and filling liquid by 1: 2 mixed as the liquid that is used for liquid lens.
Metal electrode is mounted on the shell; Utilize the method for chemical meteorology deposition on metal electrode, to deposit one deck Parylene insulation film; Adopt drop-coating that the hydrophobic material Teflon AF1600 of Dupont company is coated on the insulating material Parylene; Transparent cap and transparent bottom all use quartz glass, the method that adopts vacuum sputtering at bottom coating one deck on glass ITO nesa coating as plate electrode.To be connected to the clear bottom that scribbles ITO through the shell of above-mentioned processing and cover, fill 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole perchlorate ([EMIm] [ClO according to sequencing 4]) and add the n-dodecane of 1,6 dibromo normal hexane, at last with the transparent cap encapsulation, metal electrode and ito transparent electrode are connected the two poles of the earth of AC power respectively.
Packaged ionic liquid lens are remained on+100 ℃ of following 48 hours or longer times carry out high temperature reliability test, and the result is as follows:
Zooming range: 5cm to 150cm
Zoom ratio: 3 times
Response time: 100ms
Transmissivity: 90%
Comparative Examples 1
Select 0.2% Na by mass percentage for use 2SO 4The WS is as conducting liquid, and the mixed solution of selecting by percentage to the quality 86% n-dodecane and 14% 1,6 dibromo normal hexane by percentage to the quality for use is as filling liquid.Through with conducting liquid and filling liquid by 5: 1 mixed as the liquid that is used for liquid lens.
To make the liquid lens that is used to contrast with example 1 identical mode; And it is carried out high temperature reliability test, the result is in the time of+60 ℃, and liquid begins to produce bubble; Rising along with temperature; The amount of bubble increases thereupon, covers the top cover of liquid lens fully to+70 ℃ of bubbles, and liquid lens can't form images.
As previously mentioned, ionic liquid zoom lens of the present invention can be used under the hot conditions, can satisfy liquid lens requirements of one's work when high temperature, and high temperature reliability is preferably arranged.Therefore, but be applicable to the element of making liquid lens and therefore commercialization according to of the present invention based on the wetting zoom lens of ion liquid electricity.
Embodiment 2
Select 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole perchlorate ([EMIm] [ClO for use 4]) and 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIm] [BF 4]) volume ratio is that 1: 1 mixing material is as conducting liquid.The mixed solution of 1,6 dibromo normal hexane of n-dodecane and mass percent 18% of selecting mass percent 82% for use is as filling liquid.Through with conducting liquid and filling liquid by 1: 2 mixed as the liquid that is used for liquid lens.
Metal electrode is mounted on the shell; Utilize the method for chemical meteorology deposition on metal electrode, to deposit one deck Parylene insulation film; Adopt drop-coating that the hydrophobic material Teflon AF1600 of Dupont company is coated on the insulating material Parylene; Transparent cap and transparent bottom all use quartz glass, the method that adopts vacuum sputtering at bottom coating one deck on glass ITO nesa coating as plate electrode.To be connected to the clear bottom that scribbles ITO through the shell of above-mentioned processing and cover, fill 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole perchlorate ([EMIm] [ClO according to sequencing 4]) and 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIm] [BF 4]) mixing material and add the n-dodecane of 1,6 dibromo normal hexane, at last with the transparent cap encapsulation, metal electrode and ito transparent electrode are connected the two poles of the earth of AC power respectively.
Packaged ionic liquid lens are remained on+100 ℃ of following 48 hours or longer times carry out high temperature reliability test, and the result is as follows:
Zooming range: 8cm to 140cm
Zoom ratio: 3 times
Response time: 150ms
Transmissivity: 88%
Should be noted that above-mentioned embodiment only is way of illustration but not limitation the present invention, those skilled in the art says the scope that can design many replacement embodiments and not break away from appended claim.In claim, place any reference marker of bracket to be not to be construed as limiting claim, word " comprises " and is not precluded within original paper or the step that also has other in the claim outside listed those.Word " " before element is not got rid of and is had a plurality of this elements.The present invention can realize by means of the hardware component that comprises some different elements.In enumerating the equipment claim of some parts, the several same parts that can be presented as hardware in these parts.

Claims (10)

1. one kind based on the wetting zoom lens of ion liquid electricity, it is characterized in that this liquid lens comprises conducting liquid (1), filling liquid (2), shell (3), metal electrode (4), insulating material (5), hydrophobic material (6), transparency electrode (7), transparent bottom (8), transparent cap (9); Wherein metal electrode (4) is positioned on the inwall of shell (3); Insulating material (5) is positioned on the metal electrode (4); Hydrophobic material (6) is positioned on the insulating material (5), and transparency electrode (7) is positioned on the transparent bottom (8), and shell (3), transparent bottom (8) and transparent cap (9) are formed the container of sealing conducting liquid (1) and filling liquid (2); Said conducting liquid (1) and filling liquid (2) are immiscible, have different indexs of refraction and contact with each other through interface (10).
2. according to claim 1 based on the wetting zoom lens of ion liquid electricity, wherein, said conducting liquid is an ionic liquid, and wherein, said ionic liquid can be a kind of, also can be two or more ion liquid combinations.
3. according to claim 2 based on the wetting zoom lens of ion liquid electricity; It is characterized by a kind of in ion liquid kation Shi phosphonium cation, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole kation, N-alkyl pyridine kation, N-alkyl-N-methyl nafoxidine kation, the S-alkylthrophene kation, substituted alkyl is a kind of in ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl group, the myristyl; Negative ion is a kind of in tetrafluoroborate, hexafluoro-phosphate radical, sulfate radical, bisulfate ion, dihydrogen phosphate, phosphate radical, nitrate radical, perchlorate, p-toluenesulfonic acid root, benzoate anion, acetate, trifluoracetic acid root, Loprazolam root, trifluoromethayl sulfonic acid root, two (perfluoroalkyl group sulfonyl) imido grpup negative ion, four cyano borate, dinitroso amine root, dicyanamide root, tricyano methane root, thiocyanate radical, selenium cyanate radical, the asccharin acid group.
4. according to claim 1 based on the wetting zoom lens of ion liquid electricity, wherein, described filling liquid is n-dodecane, n-hexadecane or the silicone oil that contains organic additive,
5. according to claim 1 based on the wetting zoom lens of ion liquid electricity, wherein, described filling liquid is to have big electric conductivity difference and immiscible another kind of ionic liquid with ionic liquid as conducting liquid.
6. according to claim 5 based on the wetting zoom lens of ion liquid electricity, wherein, described filling liquid is the two fluoroform sulfonamide ionic liquids of three hexyl Shi Si Wan Ji Phosphonium.
7. according to claim 1 based on the wetting zoom lens of ion liquid electricity, the organic additive in the filling liquid is 1,6 dibromo normal hexane, bromobenzene, 1; 2; 3,6-tetrabromo hexane and composition thereof, the mass percent of organic additive is 0.001%~30%; And under the condition that can guarantee conducting liquid and filling liquid density matching, the amount of interpolation is few as much as possible.
8. according to claim 1 based on the wetting zoom lens of ion liquid electricity; The cumulative volume of conducting liquid and filling liquid is the volume that transparent cap (9), transparent bottom (8) and shell (3) are formed cavity, and the volume ratio of conductive liquid ionic liquid and filling liquid is 1: 3~1: 1; Wherein, the volume of conducting liquid minimum that the transparent bottom in the cavity is covered fully.
9. according to claim 1 based on the wetting zoom lens of ion liquid electricity, wherein, its internal diameter is 0.5-4mm, and corresponding height is 0.25-4mm.
10. according to claim 1 based on the wetting zoom lens of ion liquid electricity; Wherein, between metal electrode (4) and transparency electrode (7), applying frequency is that the alternating current of 0.001~100kHz is used to provide voltage that 0V-80V do not wait with control ionic liquid lens zoom.
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Application publication date: 20120523