CN101929843A - Device and method for automatically measuring spike length of rice - Google Patents
Device and method for automatically measuring spike length of rice Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for automatically measuring the spike length of rice. The device comprises a frame, a sample placement board, a detail camera, a panoramic camera, a foreground light source, a background light source, an image acquisition card, a computer and a power supply, wherein the sample placement board is arranged in the frame and is used for placing stalks of rice spikes; the detail camera and the panoramic camera are arranged above the sample placement board through the frame respectively; the detail camera is used for shooting the detail image of the stalk part of the rice spikes; the panoramic camera is used for shooting the panoramic image of the rice spikes; the detail camera and the panoramic camera are connected with the computer through the image acquisition card respectively; the computer receives the images input by the image acquisition card and performs image processing to measure the spike length of the rice. The spike length of the rice is measured by computer vision on the basis of image recognition processing; and the device has the advantages of high measuring accuracy, high repeatability, no need of cutting the rice spikes from the necks of the spikes by workers, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural machinery, be applicable to that the agri-scientific research personnel measure automatically and the spike length of record paddy rice in paddy rice species test process.
Background technology
The spike length of paddy rice is directly related with output, is an important indicator of paddy rice species test.The definition of spike length is that panicle neck is to the fringe point length of (not connecting awns).Generally, in the paddy rice species test all by the spike length of each spike of rice of manual measurement paddy rice.When measuring, need elder generation that spike of rice is stretching, be easy to by tassel or leaf incised wound hand.And measure for a long time and observe, can expend lot of manpower and material resources, and measurement result is easy to be subjected to the influence of the individual factors such as fatigue conditions of survey crew, subjective error is bigger.At present, a few thing is being done aspect the automatic measurement spike length by the LemnaTec company that mainly contains Germany abroad, but does not carry out the identification of panicle neck in their method, and what therefore record is not traditional spike length.The crop species test micro computer auto testing instrument that the domestic people such as Hu Chuanzuo that mainly contain Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai City test center developed in 1992 (Hu Chuanzuo etc., intelligent rice wheat species test auto testing instrument, Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 1994,7 (4)).This tester adopts the method for grating measuring length to measure spike length.Displacement grating and Photoelectric Detection probe is taked the mode of logical, counts length synchronously after detecting material object, and its accuracy of detection is by the making precision decision of grating.This measuring method requires spike of rice sample to be measured to cut just energy measurement spike length truly from panicle neck.In addition, this method is detected to be air line distance on the grating moving direction, in order to guarantee measuring accuracy, requires testing sample very straight, and there is certain bending in a lot of spike of rice, and this can introduce measuring error.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is self-operated measuring unit and the measuring method that a kind of spike length of rice is provided for the paddy rice staff, can measure the spike length of paddy rice fast, accurately, automatically.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of spike of rice length self-operated measuring unit, it is characterized in that, comprise frame, sample placing plate, details camera, panorama camera, front light source, background light source, image pick-up card, computing machine, power supply, described sample placing plate is installed in the frame, be used to place the spike of rice cane, described details camera, panorama camera are installed in sample placing plate top by frame respectively, the details camera is used to take the detail pictures of spike of rice cane part, and panorama camera is used to take the panoramic picture of spike of rice; Details camera, panorama camera link to each other with computing machine by image pick-up card respectively, and the prospect lighting source is installed in sample placing plate top, are mainly used in to described details camera provides prospect to throw light on; Background light source is installed in sample placing plate below, is mainly used in to described panorama camera background illumination is provided; Described computing machine receives the image of described image pick-up card input, and carries out Flame Image Process, measures spike of rice length, and described power supply is front light source, background light source, computer power supply.
As improvement, evenly distribute between described background light source and the sample placing plate fan is installed, be used for the heat radiation of described background light source.
Preferably, described background light source is a led light source.
More optimize, the present invention also comprises control module, and described control module is connected with described compunication, and connects described background light source, the light on and off of control background light source.
Optimize, the present invention also comprises control module, also comprises gauge tap again, and described gauge tap connects described control module.
With the corresponding spike of rice length of spike of rice length self-operated measuring unit of the present invention method for automatic measurement, may further comprise the steps:
Energized starts computing machine, lights front light source; One fringe spike of rice is placed on the sample placing plate; The start-up control switch, gauge tap is sent the beginning measuring-signal by control module to computing machine, computing machine notice control module is lighted background light source, computer control details camera, panorama camera are taken panicle neck detail pictures and spike of rice panoramic picture to the placement spike of rice, and collect the image of taking the photograph by image pick-up card; The Computer Processing image calculates the spike length result.
At described Computer Processing image, calculate the spike length result after, computing machine sends instruction to control module, control module extinguishes background light source; Background light source extinguishes reminds this measurement of gauger to finish, and can change spike of rice, carries out the measurement of next spike of rice.
Described Computer Processing image, the step that calculates the spike length result comprises following concrete steps:
The spike of rice panoramic picture is handled the outline that obtains spike of rice;
Panicle neck detail pictures processing and identification is gone out the position of panicle neck;
The location map of panicle neck is returned panoramic picture, obtain the position of panicle neck in panoramic picture, with the terminal point of this position as the spike length calculating path;
Begin to search for path to panicle neck from spike of rice outer profile image fringe tip, and calculating path length, this path is spike length.
Preferably, the described path that begins to search for from spike of rice outer profile image fringe tip to panicle neck, and the step of calculating path length comprises following concrete steps:
Begin scanning from spike of rice outer profile image fringe tip, occur the scanning behavior spike length initial row of point first;
If this row has only a point, then this point is initial path point; If a plurality of point are arranged, then get mid point between Far Left point and the rightmost point as initial path point;
Step I, every the capable single pass of doing of k, k is the integer less than 20, finds all point of this scan line,
Calculate all point of this scan line mid point between any two,
Judge that this mid point is the foreground point or the background dot of spike of rice panoramic picture, if background dot is then given up this point;
Calculate in this row the mid point of promising foreground point be the horizontal ordinate distance to the horizontal direction of a last path point, the path point that nearest mid point calculates as spike length,
Repeating step i stops up to scanning the panicle neck position,
Calculate the Euclidean distance sum between all adjacent two path points, promptly obtain the spike length of tested spike of rice.
Advantage of the present invention is: utilize the method for machine vision to realize the identification of panicle neck, measure the spike length of paddy rice on this basis automatically, have easy to use, simple to operate, high efficiency, measuring accuracy advantages of higher.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments technical scheme of the present invention is further described in detail.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of spike length of rice self-operated measuring unit of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the detail pictures of spike of rice;
Fig. 3 is the panoramic picture of spike of rice;
Fig. 4 is a spike length measuring operation process flow diagram;
Fig. 5 is a spike length process of measurement process flow diagram;
Fig. 6 is spike length route searching and calculation flow chart;
The path point diagram that Fig. 7 measures for spike length;
Fig. 8 measures scatter diagram for spike length;
Fig. 9 is the spike length measuring relative errors;
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, spike length of rice self-operated measuring unit provided by the invention comprises details camera 1, panorama camera 2, image pick-up card 3, front light source 4, sample placing plate 5, fan 6, led light source 7, computing machine 8, frame 9, gauge tap 10 and control module 11.Wherein details camera 1 links to each other with computing machine 8 by image pick-up card 7 with panorama camera 2.Details camera 1, panorama camera 2 and prospect lighting source 4 are above sample placing plate 5, and front light source 4 adopts common daylight lamp, for imaging device provides uniform prospect illumination.The bias light source plate is installed below the sample placing plate, evenly is placed with led light source 7 on the bias light source plate, uniform background illumination is provided.The mode that illumination of employing prospect and background illumination combine, the prospect lighting source is for the details camera provides illumination, and the detailed information that obtains spike of rice bar portion comprises color, and the background illumination plate is convenient to obtain spike of rice profile clearly then for panorama camera provides illumination.The details camera adopts telephoto lens, is used for taking the detail view of paddy rice spike of rice bar portion, is used for the accurate identification of panicle neck; Panorama camera adopts the short-focus mirror head, is used for the shooting of spike of rice panorama.The sample placing plate is an acrylic diffusing panel, and the light that the LED lamp sends can obtain uniform ambient light illumination through behind the acrylic plate.The sample placing plate the middle part U type groove is arranged, be used to place spike of rice.In addition, the sample placing plate makes spike of rice be the upright state of trying one's best under action of gravity from the horizontal by an about angle of 10 °, helps the calculating of spike length in the successive image processing.Be evenly distributed with fan 6 between background light source and the acrylic board, be used for the heat radiation of LED lamp.Except computing machine, foot-switch and image pick-up card, other parts all are installed in the frame 9, and purpose is to be convenient to the Flame Image Process in later stage for imaging device provides a fixing background and stabilized uniform illumination condition.Gauge tap 10 links to each other with control module 11, and control module links to each other with computing machine 8.Control module also links to each other with background light source simultaneously, the light on and off of control background light source.In this concrete enforcement, gauge tap adopts pedal type switch; Control module adopts programmable logic controller (PLC) PLC.Pedal type switch is that spike of rice is placed the signal input device that finishes and can take as user interface.When the user need measure spike length, step on pedal type switch and start the one-shot measurement process.
The measuring method of this device as shown in Figure 4, energized starts computing machine and also moves the spike length process of measurement.A hand-held fringe spike of rice places it in the U type groove of sample placing plate.When the operator steps on pedal type switch, pedal type switch can send a pulse signal to control module, computing machine is by the output signal of serial ports inquiry control module, after receiving the output signal of control module, computing machine sends instruction to control module, and control module is lighted background light, throws light between equal stationary phase in background and prospect, two cameras of computer control are taken panicle neck detail pictures and spike of rice panoramic picture, and receive image information by image pick-up card.Computing machine carries out Treatment Analysis to image, calculates and output spike length result.Send instruction then to control module, control module extinguishes background light subsequently.Extinguishing of background light also is a cue simultaneously, notifies the user can begin the measurement of next fringe.
Referring to shown in Figure 5, computing machine carries out Treatment Analysis to image, relates to some common image processing algorithms, comprises fixed threshold binaryzation, medium filtering and various morphological operation.In the image after the binaryzation, the foreground point of spike of rice part is 1 by tax, and background dot is 0.
Fig. 2 has shown the spike of rice sample detail view after the binaryzation, and the breach among the figure is the position of panicle neck.
Fig. 3 is the spike of rice sample panorama black white image after the binaryzation, and original image is a coloured image.
The identification of panicle neck has mainly utilized the difference of panicle neck and spike of rice bar portion other parts color, thereby causes the difference of gray scale, forms a fracture on bianry image.After recognizing the position of panicle neck, it is shone upon back panoramic picture, obtain the position of panicle neck in panoramic picture, with the terminal point of this position as the spike length calculating path.Mapping method described in Fig. 5 is as follows: take standard model simultaneously with two cameras, with two width of cloth images as template, set identical world coordinates initial point, respectively two width of cloth images all are mapped to real space, obtain the image coordinate of panoramic picture and mapping relations table and the image coordinate of detail pictures and the mapping relations table of world coordinates of world coordinates.Because the world coordinates initial point is identical, can obtain mapping relations between panoramic picture coordinate and the detail pictures coordinate by this bridge of world coordinates.
As shown in Figure 6, the choosing method of spike length path point is as follows: at first extracting the outer profile image of spike of rice, is that the fringe tip begins search from image bottom, occurs point first, i.e. white point, scanning behavior spike length initial row.If this row has only a point, then initial path point is this point; If a plurality of point are arranged, then get mid point between Far Left point and the rightmost point as initial path point.Beginning to search for from the bottom mainly is the path point mutation problem that causes for fear of owing to bifurcated.After determining initial path point, every
kLine scanning once, find the white point of current line, calculate white point mid point between any two, after each mid-point computation is come out, earlier judge whether it is the foreground point of spike of rice panoramic picture, if the foreground point, the distance that to calculate its horizontal direction to a last path point again be horizontal ordinate, if background dot is then rejected this point.Calculated all mid points to a last path point horizontal direction be horizontal ordinate be distance after, get the path point that calculates as spike length with the nearest mid point of last path point.In addition, set a level thresholds
T, when the difference of the horizontal ordinate of adjacent two path points, i.e. horizontal direction distance, absolute value when surpassing threshold value, can think that this point is the path point of miscount, this point should be removed.Doing like this can be so that last path of calculating be more smooth.Promptly stop after searching the position of panicle neck, calculate all Euclidean distance sums between adjacent two path points, promptly obtain the spike length of tested spike of rice.
The spike length Measurement Algorithm is to calculate the length of spike of rice on the basis in search spike length path, and the profile of spike of rice can be followed in the spike length path that obtains, and therefore, does not require that spike of rice is straight.Under the situation of paddy rice spike of rice bending, can obtain high measuring accuracy equally.
Embodiment
Experiment biomaterial: ripe paddy rice spike of rice.
A hand-held fringe spike of rice is stepped on foot-operated the measurement after being placed in the U type groove, and the output result images is seen Fig. 7.The path point for the spike length measurement of black cruciform mark wherein.Measurement result is 175.5 mm, and the manual measurement result is 178.3 mm, and the relative error of measurement is 1.61%.
In order to evaluate and test the measuring error of measuring system, 75 fringe spikes of rice have been measured altogether.Measurement result is seen Fig. 8 and Fig. 9.Wherein, Fig. 8 is the statistics scatter diagram, and X-axis is artificial measurement result (mm), and Y-axis is measuring results (mm).Fig. 9 is a relative error, and as can be seen from the figure, the relative error of measurement is all in 5%.Maximum measuring relative errors is 4.94%, and the measuring relative errors average absolute is 1.49%.In addition, for the consistance that evaluating system is measured, choose 10 fringe spikes of rice, each spike of rice is measured 10 times, the results are shown in Table 1.Can see that the native system measured value has very high consistance.
Table 1 spike length repeated measuring results (data unit is mm)
| Sequence number | Measure 1 | Measure 2 | Measure 3 | Measure 4 | Measure 5 | Measure 6 | Measure 7 | Measure 8 | |
|
Average | Standard deviation |
| 1 | 156.6 | 156.3 | 156.5 | 153.0 | 154.2 | 157.0 | 155.9 | 153.6 | 157.0 | 156.0 | 155.6 | 1.47? |
| 2 | 140.6 | 140.6 | 138.8 | 139.6 | 140.6 | 140.0 | 138.6 | 139.9 | 138.6 | 138.5 | 139.6 | 0.88? |
| 3 | 205.9 | 202.4 | 205.8 | 212.6 | 204.4 | 200.3 | 203.4 | 206.6 | 206.0 | 205.2 | 205.2 | 3.23? |
| 4 | 210.4 | 214.1 | 213.3 | 213.2 | 212.3 | 210.8 | 212.3 | 208.4 | 211.0 | 211.0 | 211.7 | 1.71? |
| 5 | 147.9 | 151.8 | 144.7 | 147.2 | 147.2 | 150.6 | 153.1 | 151.7 | 148.9 | 148.5 | 149.2 | 2.59? |
| 6 | 137.1 | 139.9 | 142.8 | 142.1 | 145.3 | 140.5 | 142.6 | 142.6 | 141.8 | 145.9 | 142.1 | 2.55? |
| 7 | 152.1 | 150.5 | 152.8 | 152.7 | 149.2 | 151.3 | 148.4 | 152.2 | 151.3 | 156.5 | 151.7 | 2.23? |
| 8 | 158.4 | 156.4 | 156.5 | 156.4 | 157.5 | 156.3 | 156.6 | 156.7 | 156.2 | 156.2 | 156.7 | 0.69? |
| 9 | 196.5 | 193.2 | 193.0 | 185.5 | 196.8 | 193.6 | 195.7 | 194.8 | 191.5 | 186.8 | 192.7 | 3.86? |
| 10 | 133.7 | 133.8 | 133.8 | 133.3 | 134.0 | 133.6 | 133.7 | 133.8 | 133.7 | 135.5 | 133.9 | 0.61? |
General characteristic of the present invention is to utilize machine vision technique and computer image processing technology to realize the automatic measurement of spike length of rice, has that measurement reproducibility is good, measuring accuracy is high, the advantage of high efficiency.
It should be noted last that, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not breaking away from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1.
A kind of spike of rice length self-operated measuring unit, it is characterized in that, comprise frame, sample placing plate, details camera, panorama camera, front light source, background light source, image pick-up card, computing machine, power supply, described sample placing plate is installed in the frame, be used to place the spike of rice cane, described details camera, panorama camera are installed in sample placing plate top by frame respectively, and the details camera is used to take the detail pictures of spike of rice cane part, and panorama camera is used to take the panoramic picture of spike of rice; Details camera, panorama camera link to each other with computing machine by image pick-up card respectively, and the prospect lighting source is installed in sample placing plate top, are mainly used in to described details camera provides prospect to throw light on; Background light source is installed in sample placing plate below, is mainly used in to described panorama camera background illumination is provided; Described computing machine receives the image of described image pick-up card input, and carries out Flame Image Process, measures spike of rice length, and described power supply is front light source, background light source, computer power supply.
2.
Spike of rice length self-operated measuring unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that, evenly distributes between described background light source and the sample placing plate fan is installed, and is used for the heat radiation of described background light source.
3.
Spike of rice length self-operated measuring unit according to claim 2 is characterized in that described background light source is a led light source.
4.
Spike of rice length self-operated measuring unit according to claim 3 is characterized in that also comprising control module, and described control module is connected with described compunication, and connects described background light source, the light on and off of control background light source.
5.
Spike of rice length self-operated measuring unit according to claim 4 is characterized in that also comprising gauge tap, and described gauge tap connects described control module.
6.
A kind of measuring method of spike of rice length self-operated measuring unit is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
Energized starts computing machine, lights front light source; One fringe spike of rice is placed on the sample placing plate; The start-up control switch, gauge tap is sent the beginning measuring-signal by control module to computing machine, computing machine notice control module is lighted background light source, computer control details camera, panorama camera are taken panicle neck detail pictures and spike of rice panoramic picture to the placement spike of rice, and collect the image of taking the photograph by image pick-up card; The Computer Processing image calculates the spike length result.
7.
The measuring method of spike of rice length self-operated measuring unit according to claim 6 is characterized in that, at described Computer Processing image, calculate the spike length result after, computing machine sends instruction to control module, control module extinguishes background light source; Background light source extinguishes reminds this measurement of gauger to finish, and can change spike of rice, carries out the measurement of next spike of rice.
8.
Measuring method according to claim 6 or 7 described spike of rice length self-operated measuring units is characterized in that, described Computer Processing image, and the step that calculates the spike length result comprises following concrete steps:
The spike of rice panoramic picture is handled the outline that obtains spike of rice;
Panicle neck detail pictures processing and identification is gone out the position of panicle neck;
The location map of panicle neck is returned panoramic picture, obtain the position of panicle neck in panoramic picture, with the terminal point of this position as the spike length calculating path;
Begin to search for path to panicle neck from spike of rice outer profile image fringe tip, and calculating path length, this path is spike length.
9.
The measuring method of spike of rice length self-operated measuring unit according to claim 8 is characterized in that, the described path that begins to search for from spike of rice outer profile image fringe tip to panicle neck, and calculating path length may further comprise the steps:
Begin scanning from spike of rice outer profile image fringe tip, occur the scanning behavior spike length initial row of point first,
If this row has only a point, then this point is initial path point; If a plurality of point are arranged, then get mid point between Far Left point and the rightmost point as initial path point,
Step I, every the capable single pass of doing of k, k is the integer less than 20, finds all point of this scan line,
Calculate all point of this scan line mid point between any two,
Judge that this mid point is the foreground point or the background dot of spike of rice panoramic picture, if background dot is then given up this point;
Calculate in this row the mid point of promising foreground point be the horizontal ordinate distance to the horizontal direction of a last path point, the path point that nearest mid point calculates as spike length,
Repeating step i stops up to scanning the panicle neck position,
Calculate between whole path points Euclidean distance and, promptly obtain the spike length of tested spike of rice.
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| CN102621075A (en) * | 2012-03-09 | 2012-08-01 | 华中科技大学 | Method for automatically detecting rice heading stage |
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| CN109470179A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-03-15 | 武汉大学 | A kind of extensive water ploughs vegetables growing way detection system and method |
| CN109470179B (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2020-10-13 | 武汉大学 | Large-scale hydroponic vegetable growth detection system and method |
| CN109738442A (en) * | 2019-01-05 | 2019-05-10 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of full-automatic extraction system of rice spike of rice character based on the registration imaging of big view X-ray visible light |
| CN109738442B (en) * | 2019-01-05 | 2021-12-31 | 华中农业大学 | Full-automatic rice ear character extraction system based on large-field X-ray visible light registration imaging |
| CN111895916A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-11-06 | 华南农业大学 | Rice spike length measuring device and measuring method |
| CN111895916B (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2021-09-24 | 华南农业大学 | Rice spike length measuring device and measuring method |
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