CN101184452A - 眼内透镜 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种眼内透镜(10)这样构造，使得它能够结合到眼睛的囊中且它的折射能力能够通过施加电压来改变。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种眼内透镜，其适于装配到人眼中。
背景技术
眼内透镜在眼科中广为人知；例如，在原先清澈的眼晶体乳浊化的情况下(白内障)植入眼内透镜。
与年龄有关的远视(老花眼)是眼科中的特殊问题，参考例如在DERAUGENSPIEGEL，7-8/2002：28-34中的文章“Intraokularlinsen”。与年龄有关的自然眼晶体的弹性降低妨碍了它的折射能力的适应性，因此妨碍了眼睛对位于眼前近处范围的物体的适应性调节，以及它的或视网膜的清晰成像。尽管适应性调节能力的降低能够通过放大镜(老花眼镜)来矫正，但这必然伴有已知的费用和不便。
现有技术展现了解决老花眼问题的各种努力。
例如，已经尝试着通过眼睛的睫状肌的作用使人造眼内透镜(IOL)移位(参见以上列出的“Der Augenspiegel”中的文章)。不过，这只获得了IOL在轴向(通常是指z轴)上的不充分的位移并由此仅获得了不充分的焦点位移。
还已经尝试着通过睫状肌使装配的IOL机械变形，尽管还没有能够令人信服地被证明是成功的。
另一种方法尝试通过用非侵害性的FS激光在晶状眼晶体中形成放射状切口来恢复自然眼晶体的弹性，参见“Neues aus Wissenschaft undForschung”中的O.Kermani，J.Refract Surgery：2004；20：651-658。不过由此改变的弹性很少，而且有引发白内障的风险。
此外多焦点IOL已经被植入，虽然具有公知的困难，尤其是扰动重影和由于具有不同成像特性的至少两个焦距在视网膜上产生了同时并存的重影而缺乏清晰度，参见Der Augenspiegel中的“Neue Multifokallinsen，individuelle Lsungen und postoperative Funktionalitt”，09/2004：42-47。
另一种尝试减轻老花眼的方法是通过角膜的折射激光手术来产生单视力。这样，一只眼睛矫正到近点而剩下另一只眼睛调整到远点，或者这样来矫正以使得后者成为通常所谓主眼。不过，两只眼睛给出不同的信息，这些信息必须由大脑处理并被病人接收。
发明内容
本发明采用另外的方法来恢复人眼的适应性调节能力。
为此，本发明提供一种眼内透镜，其折射能力能够通过施加电压来改变。因此本发明涉及一种人造眼内透镜，其适于装配到人的眼睛中并这样来构造，以使得它的折射能力能够被电压或电场改变，从而恢复眼睛的适应性调节能力。
在其它应用领域中，所谓液体透镜已经被知道一段时间。在这些透镜中，电压的施加使得液体透镜的形状改变，由此使得它的焦距改变。主要的物理效果也称为“电润湿”。在这里术语“液体透镜”也涵盖了其它可变形的，尤其是液体状的材料。通过适当构造的电极、选择的粘性及透镜材料的密度，并通过适当设定透镜的尺寸以及确保透镜的位置稳定的预防措施，能够获得非常高的动态范围，即，非常快速的透镜形状变化；例如，目前已经可以使焦距变化频率在大约2kHz的范围内。可由电压致动的液体透镜能够以直径在从3至6mm的范围内制造。关于现有技术，参考关于这方面的以下出版物：
Kuiper，S.，Hendriks BHW.：用于微型相机的可变焦距液体透镜(Variable-focus Liquid Lens for Miniature Cameras)，应用光学(Appl PhysLett)2004；85：1128-1130；
Hecht E.，光学-第二版(Optics-Second Edition).Addison-WesleyPublishing Company，第五章：几何光学近轴理论(GeometricalOptics-Paraxial Theory)：p-138；
Krupenkin，T.，Yang S.，Mach P.：可调液体微透镜(Tunable LiquidMicrolens)应用光学(Appl Phys Lett)2003；82：316-318和
Berge B.，Peseux J.：由外部电压控制的可变焦距透镜：电润湿的应用(Variable focal lens controlled by an external voltage)，Eur Phys J 2000；E3：159-163。
根据本发明的眼内液体透镜这样来确定尺寸和结构，以使得它能够装配到眼睛的囊中。眼内液体透镜也可以这样来确定尺寸和结构，以使得它能够装配到沟(sulcus)中。
可这样使用的IOL还包括这样的装置，使得透镜的机械表面张力能够通过施加电压而改变，以便改变它的焦距。
根据优选结构，透镜这样来确定尺寸，且用于施加电压的装置这样来构造，以使得电压引起透镜的球对称变形。由此使得透镜径向对称。透镜也可以这样来确定尺寸和结构，以使得电压补偿像散(astigmatism)以及像差(aberrations)，尤其是球面像差，即，高阶(order)眼睛缺陷。
所谓“电润湿”改变液体或类似液体或其它合适的材料的表面张力，透镜构造成和/或受到外力以使得它的形状由于改变的表面张力而相对于没有电压或有其它电压的状态发生变化。
按照根据本发明的IOL的特殊结构，它可全部或部分地由薄膜覆盖，且可选地包括附加的固定构件，比如后者在传统眼内透镜中是公知的。固定构件可设置在透镜上，以便后者能够以想要的方式定位在眼睛里。
根据本发明的IOL在没有电压状态下在囊中的形状可通过引入辅助的疏水表面和伴随的表面张力改变而以想要的方式受到影响。
根据本发明的特定结构，眼内透镜设有用于施加所述电压的电极。在这种情况下电极至少部分地透明。此外，根据本发明的优选结构，电极以合适的距离布置在IOL的大致整个周围。
根据本发明的用于控制IOL所要求的电压可通过各种各样的方式获得和使用。例如，可以使用高度小型化的电子元件。当前这种元件已经植入人眼，参见H.G. Sachs和V.P.Gabel在Graefe’s Arch.Ciln.Exp.Ophthalmol.(2004)242：717-723；由P.Walter写的文章“Die Implantation vonSehprothesen bei progressiven Netzhautdystrophien”，在DERAUGENSPIEGEL，11/2004，p.32；T.Laube，C.Brockmann，R.Buβ，C.Lau，K.Hock，N.Stawski，T.Stieglitz，H.A.Richter和H.Schilling在Graefe’s Arch.Ciln.Exp.Ophthalmol.(2004)242：661-667；和T.Stieglitz，R.Keller，H.Beutel und J.U.Meyer，“用于使用柔性聚酰亚胺薄片的眼内视力修复的微系统集成技术(Microsystem Integration Techniques for Intraocular VisionProstheses Using Flexible Polyimide Foils)”。
另一方面，还可以从生理上提供电压：例如，适应性调节所需的电压可直接从眼镜的运动获得，尤其是通过摩擦产生电压即通过摩擦效应产生电压。由于植入的微型芯片的帮助，该电压可放大到所需的程度并施加到适当构造的透镜电极，以便调整表面曲率。例如，天然的适应性调节过程必须要有睫状肌的致动。在年轻的功能完整的眼睛中，睫状肌引起透镜变形，用于适应性调节。本发明的特殊结构提供了一种装置，通过该装置电压从睫状肌的动作获得，且如果必要的话已经充分放大，施加到透镜的所述电极上以便获得理想的、作为睫状肌天然运动的功能的适应性调节。
通过本发明的特殊布置，能够克服高阶的成像缺陷以及像散成像缺陷，参见EP 1 091 758 B1和US 6369954 B1。
附图说明
以下结合附图更详细地说明本发明的实施例，其中：
图1表示穿过眼睛的示意性剖面图，根据本发明的眼内透镜结合到该眼睛中，该透镜没有进行适应性调节；
图2表示对应于图1的图示，该透镜进行适应性调节；
图3表示具有用于电压控制的微型芯片的IOL的另一种构造，同样也是在眼睛内的结合状态，以描述动作模式。
具体实施方式
原则上，透镜的折射能力或焦距的变化能够由简单的透镜方程式表示，决定其焦距的透镜曲率半径(参见，例如由上述引用的E.Hecht写的教科书)：
R1-透镜表面的曲率半径 n-折射率
如果根据本发明的事先适当地制备的眼内透镜(IOL)装配到眼囊中，那么基本上使得透镜的中心位置在眼睛的光束路径上。也有可能用合适的薄膜封住液体透镜并使其具有附加的固定构件，以便确保其中心位置在眼睛的光轴上。该技术本身从传统IOL已知。
液体透镜的折射能力D的变化由以下方程式描述：
K＝材料常数 d＝透镜直径 U＝电压
液体透镜的折射能力变化因此大体上取决于所施加电压的平方并反比于透镜直径。对于像这种情况下的小的透镜直径，以及合适的介电绝缘层，只需要相对小的电压以获得显著的折射能力变化(参见由上述T.Krupenkin等写的文章)。
在人眼中，根据年龄，眼睛透镜获得了范围从大约10dpt至大约14dpt的适应性调节范围。
如果采用现在可得到的液体透镜材料的电光常数(参见S.Kuiper等和T.Krupenkin等的作品)那么这种折射能力的变化能够利用已知的材料在U＝20-30V的电压范围中获得。
图1表示眼内透镜10，其装配到人眼的囊12中。还表示出了眼睛的虹膜14、角膜16和前室18。
由上述类型的液体材料制成的眼内透镜10由绝缘液体20封住。
根据附图，电极22a、22b、22c、22d、22e、22f布置在囊12周围(附图1和2)或者在囊内部上(附图3)。电极也可以布置在囊的赤道平面上。另一方面，可以使用具有内置电极的完全密封的眼内透镜。
天然的睫状肌24垂直于“眼睛”系统的光轴与囊接合。
图1示意性地表示眼内透镜20的未进行适应性调节的状态，即其中没有电压施加到电极上因而D＝D0代入上面的方程式(2)的状态。垂直于光轴作用的拉伸力或压缩力F同样也等于零F＝0。
图2表示其中电压U施加到电极22的状态。D＝D0+KU2适用。眼内透镜电致伸缩地收缩(适应性调节)且非零的力垂直于光轴作用，即，它以想要的方式引起形状改变从而透镜10的界面曲率半径极大地改变，折射能力因此增大。
图3表示变化的实施例，其中系统包括微型芯片26，该微型芯片同样以安装状态表示在图3中。彼此功能相同或功能相似的元件以相同的附图标记表示在附图中。
摩擦产生电压应用在根据图3的实施例中。如上所述，力与天然适应性调节过程相关联，例如通过天然的睫状肌施加在天然的眼晶体上的力。在根据图3的示例实施例中，电压从该力的作用而获得并在施加到电极22a、...、22f之前被充分放大，以便引起界面的相应变形并因此导致其进行适应性调节。
摩擦产生电压可被以类似于压电效应的方式说明，在那种情况下电荷通过力产生，而在这种情况下通过引起运动的力和电荷分离而产生，参见Benz W.，Heinks P.，Starke L.：Tabellenbuch Elektronik für Industrie-Elektroniker und Kommunikationselektroniker.Kohl+Noltmeyer Verlag：p.87.以下适用：
e12-弹性模量 Δe/e-相对长度变化 F12-力的分量 A-面积
S12-压电模量 C-电容
该摩擦产生电压通过植入的微型芯片26放大，且该芯片经由线路(未示出)连接到各个电极22a、...、22f并控制它们以获得想要的适应性调节。
Claims (9)
1.一种眼内透镜(10)，其形状通过施加电压并由此改变机械表面张力而改变。
2.根据权利要求1的眼内透镜，其构造为使得它能够装配到眼睛的囊中。
3.根据前面任何一项权利要求的眼内透镜，其特征在于，电压引起透镜的球对称变形。
4.根据权利要求1和2中任何一项的眼内透镜，其特征在于，电压造成透镜的变形以便补偿像散或补偿高阶像差。
5.根据前面任何一项权利要求的眼内透镜，其特征在于，透镜由薄膜覆盖。
6.根据前面任何一项权利要求的眼内透镜，具有用于定位在眼睛内的固定构件。
7.根据前面任何一项权利要求的眼内透镜，其特征在于，透镜设置有用于施加电压的电极(22a，22b，22c，22d，22e，22f)。
8.根据权利要求7的眼内透镜，其特征在于，电极至少部分地透明。
9.根据前面任何一项权利要求的眼内透镜，其特征在于，由微型芯片(26)处理和放大摩擦电压。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05011483.4 | 2005-05-27 | ||
| EP05011483A EP1726272B1 (de) | 2005-05-27 | 2005-05-27 | Intraokularlinse |
| PCT/EP2006/004668 WO2006125556A1 (de) | 2005-05-27 | 2006-05-17 | Intraokularlinse |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101184452A true CN101184452A (zh) | 2008-05-21 |
| CN101184452B CN101184452B (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
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| CN2006800186432A Active CN101184452B (zh) | 2005-05-27 | 2006-05-17 | 眼内透镜 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8460376B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1726272B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP5027119B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR101257101B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN101184452B (zh) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0610464B8 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE502005007656D1 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2326742T3 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2006125556A1 (zh) |
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| CN109069266A (zh) * | 2016-05-02 | 2018-12-21 | G·巴尔齐莱 | 人工晶状体和与之相关的方法和/或组件 |
| CN109481084A (zh) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-03-19 | 田东华 | 一种具有薄膜涂层的眼科透镜 |
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| JP2011526817A (ja) * | 2008-07-03 | 2011-10-20 | オキュラー・オプティクス・インコーポレイテッド | 遠近調節のトリガーを検出するセンサー |
| FI20085714A0 (fi) * | 2008-07-09 | 2008-07-09 | Jani Pelto | Taipuisa mykiönsisäinen linssi-implantti |
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| WO2011137191A1 (en) | 2010-04-27 | 2011-11-03 | Ramgopal Rao | Accommodating intraocular lens device |
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| TWI588560B (zh) | 2012-04-05 | 2017-06-21 | 布萊恩荷登視覺協會 | 用於屈光不正之鏡片、裝置、方法及系統 |
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| US9186244B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2015-11-17 | Lensgen, Inc. | Accommodating intraocular lens |
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| WO2015066502A1 (en) | 2013-11-01 | 2015-05-07 | Thomas Silvestrini | Accomodating intraocular lens device |
| JP2016534816A (ja) | 2013-11-01 | 2016-11-10 | レンスゲン、インコーポレイテッド | ２部分調節性眼内レンズデバイス |
| US10004596B2 (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2018-06-26 | Lensgen, Inc. | Accommodating intraocular lens device |
| JP6754755B2 (ja) | 2014-09-23 | 2020-09-16 | レンスゲン、インコーポレイテッド | 調節性眼内レンズ用の高分子材料 |
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- 2005-05-27 DE DE502005007656T patent/DE502005007656D1/de active Active
- 2005-05-27 EP EP05011483A patent/EP1726272B1/de active Active
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- 2006-05-17 BR BRPI0610464A patent/BRPI0610464B8/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-05-17 KR KR1020077028328A patent/KR101257101B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2006-05-17 CN CN2006800186432A patent/CN101184452B/zh active Active
- 2006-05-17 JP JP2008512736A patent/JP5027119B2/ja active Active
- 2006-05-17 WO PCT/EP2006/004668 patent/WO2006125556A1/de active Application Filing
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109069266A (zh) * | 2016-05-02 | 2018-12-21 | G·巴尔齐莱 | 人工晶状体和与之相关的方法和/或组件 |
| CN109481084A (zh) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-03-19 | 田东华 | 一种具有薄膜涂层的眼科透镜 |
| CN109481084B (zh) * | 2018-10-30 | 2021-02-09 | 田东华 | 一种具有薄膜涂层的眼科透镜 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2008541805A (ja) | 2008-11-27 |
| EP1726272A1 (de) | 2006-11-29 |
| US20080306589A1 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
| EP1726272B1 (de) | 2009-07-08 |
| KR20080016828A (ko) | 2008-02-22 |
| DE502005007656D1 (de) | 2009-08-20 |
| WO2006125556A1 (de) | 2006-11-30 |
| KR101257101B1 (ko) | 2013-04-22 |
| BRPI0610464B8 (pt) | 2021-06-22 |
| CN101184452B (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
| BRPI0610464B1 (pt) | 2018-02-14 |
| ES2326742T3 (es) | 2009-10-19 |
| JP5027119B2 (ja) | 2012-09-19 |
| BRPI0610464A2 (pt) | 2012-10-23 |
| US8460376B2 (en) | 2013-06-11 |
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