CA2587739A1 - Sphero cylindrical eye refraction system using fulid focus electrostatically variable lenses - Google Patents

Sphero cylindrical eye refraction system using fulid focus electrostatically variable lenses Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CA2587739A1
CA2587739A1 CA002587739A CA2587739A CA2587739A1 CA 2587739 A1 CA2587739 A1 CA 2587739A1 CA 002587739 A CA002587739 A CA 002587739A CA 2587739 A CA2587739 A CA 2587739A CA 2587739 A1 CA2587739 A1 CA 2587739A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
fluid
optical path
cylindrical
opening
power
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA002587739A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Charles Campbell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AMO Manufacturing USA LLC
Original Assignee
Visx, Incorporated
Charles Campbell
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Visx, Incorporated, Charles Campbell filed Critical Visx, Incorporated
Publication of CA2587739A1 publication Critical patent/CA2587739A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/12Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/02Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
    • A61B3/028Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing visual acuity; for determination of refraction, e.g. phoropters
    • A61B3/0285Phoropters
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/004Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/12Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses
    • G02B3/14Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses of variable focal length

Abstract

Optical devices, systems, and methods can produce and/or measure cylindrical (as well as spherical) lens shapes throughout a range of both powers and cylindrical axes. Fluid focus lenses employ electrical potentials to vary the shape of a fluid/fluid interface between two immiscible fluids having differing indices of refractions by controlling localized angles between the interface and a surrounding container well. Spherical power, cylindrical power, and cylindrical access alignment may be varied with no moving parts (other than the fluids).

Claims (36)

1. An optical apparatus comprising:
at least one housing defining at least one opening having an optical path therethrough;
a plurality of fluids disposed in the at least one opening so as to define one or more fluid/fluid interfaces; and an electrical potential source coupled to the at least one opening so as to apply a plurality of electrowetting potentials, the source configured to vary at least one of the electrowetting potentials in response to a first input so that the one or more fluid/fluid interfaces change at least a cylindrical orientation of the optical path.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the source is configured to alter the at least one electrowetting potential in response to a second input so that the one or more fluid/fluid interfaces vary a spherical power in response to a second input, and so that the one or more fluid/fluid interfaces vary a cylindrical power in response to a third input, the one or more fluid/fluid interfaces having a sphero-cylindrical power along the optical path.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the at least one housing defines a first opening with a first fluid/fluid interface therein and a second opening with a second fluid/fluid interface therein, the first and second openings each comprising a rectangular cross-section;
varying a first electrowetting potential effects changes in a first variable cylindrical power of the first fluid interface, the first variable cylindrical power having a first cylindrical orientation extending laterally across the optical path;
varying a second electrowetting potential effects changes in a second variable cylindrical power of the second fluid interface, the second variable cylindrical power having a second cylindrical orientation extending laterally across the optical path;
and wherein the first cylindrical orientation is angularly offset from the second cylindrical orientation about the optical path.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein:
the at least one housing defines a third opening with a third fluid/fluid interface therein, the third opening comprising a rectangular cross-section;

varying a third electrowetting potential effects changes in a third variable cylindrical power of a third fluid/fluid interface disposed within the third opening, the third variable cylindrical power having a third cylindrical orientation extending laterally across the optical path, the third cylindrical orientation being angularly offset from the first and second cylindrical axes about the optical path.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first cylindrical orientation is substantially perpendicular to the second cylindrical orientation, and wherein the third cylindrical orientation is angularly offset from the first cylindrical orientation by about 45 degrees.
6. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising first and second electrodes along opposing sides of the first opening, and third and forth electrodes along opposing sides of the second opening.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the housing comprises a wall disposed around the optical path, and further comprising a plurality of conductors distributed circumferentially about the wall.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the conductors define an electrode array with each electrode of the array disposed circumferentially between and electrically separated from two adjacent electrodes of the array.
9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the power source applies a circumferential series of potentials about the optical path.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the series of potentials comprise a substantially sinusoidal pattern of DC voltages, and wherein the power source is configured to vary an amplitude of the sinusoidal pattern in response to a second input so as to vary a cylindrical power along the optical path.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the power source is configured to rotate the sinusoidal voltage pattern about the optical path in response to the first input.
12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the power source is configured to vary an average voltage of the pattern in response to a third input so as to alter a spherical power along the optical path.
13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the optical apparatus varies a cylindrical power in response to a second input and the cylindrical orientation in response to the first input by effecting movement of the fluids within the at least one housing and without effecting other movement of the apparatus.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the apparatus can vary the cylindrical power throughout a range from at least -20.0 diopters to at least about +20.0 diopters, wherein the apparatus can vary the cylindrical orientation throughout about 180 degrees, and wherein the apparatus can vary a spherical power throughout a range from at least -6.0 to at least +6Ø
15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the power source comprises a processor, the processor determining the plurality of electrowetting potentials in response to the first and second inputs.
16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the processor further determines the electrowetting potentials in response to a third input so as to vary a spherical optical power along the optical path.
17. A fluid cylindrical lens apparatus comprising:
a first housing having a first prismatic opening with an optical path therethrough, the first opening having a first surface and a second surface, the second surface offset from the first surface with the optical path therebetween;
a plurality of fluids disposed in the opening so as to define a first fluid/fluid interface traversing the first and second surfaces;
an electrical potential source coupled to the first and second surfaces to apply a first variable potential thereto so as to change a first variable cylindrical power of the fluid/fluid interface along the optical path.
18. The fluid cylindrical lens apparatus of claim 17, wherein the first variable cylindrical power has a first orientation traversing end surfaces of the first opening, wherein the electrical potential source applies another potential to the end surfaces, the other potential being different than the first potential, and further comprising:
a second housing having a second opening, the second opening having a third surface and a forth surface with the optical path therebetween;

a plurality of fluids disposed in the second opening so as to define a second fluid/fluid interface therebetween;
the power source coupled to the third and forth surfaces to apply a second variable potential thereto so as to change a second variable cylindrical power having a second orientation, the second orientation angularly offset about the optical path relative to the first orientation;
a third housing having a third opening, the third opening having a fifth surface and a sixth surface with the optical path therebetween;
a plurality of fluids disposed in the third opening so as to define a third fluid/fluid interface therebetween;
the potential source coupled to the fifth and sixth surfaces to apply a third variable potential thereto so as to change a third cylindrical power having a third orientation, the third orientation angularly offset from the first and second axes so as to allow the fluid cylindrical lens apparatus to vary spherical power along the optical path, cylindrical power along the optical path, and cylindrical orientation along the optical path.
19. An optical apparatus comprising:
at least one housing defining at least one opening having an optical path extending axially therethrough;
a plurality of fluids disposed in the at least one opening so as to define at least one fluid/fluid interface;
a plurality of electrical conductors distributed circumferentially about the optical path;
an electrical potential source coupled to the electrical conductors so as to simultaneously apply a plurality of differing electrowetting potentials thereto, the source configured to alter the fluid/fluid interface so as to controllably vary a sphero-cylindrical power along the optical path.
20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the source is configured to alter the electrowetting potentials:

in response to a first input so that the one or more fluid/fluid interfaces rotate a cylindrical orientation about the optical path;

in response to a second input so that the one or more fluid/fluid interfaces vary a spherical power along the optical path; and in response to a third input so that the one or more fluid/fluid interfaces vary a cylindrical power.
21. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one housing defines a first opening with a first fluid/fluid interface therein and a second opening with a second fluid/fluid interface therein, the first and second openings each comprising a rectangular cross-section.
22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the plurality of electrical conductors comprise first and second electrodes along opposing sides of the first opening, and third and forth electrodes along opposing sides of the second opening.
23. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the housing comprises a wall disposed around the optical path, and further comprising a plurality of conductors distributed circumferentially about the wall.
24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the power source applies a substantially sinusoidal circumferential pattern of DC voltages about the optical path.
25. A phoropter or automatic refractor comprising:
at least one housing defining at least one opening having an optical path therethrough;

a plurality of fluids disposed in the at least one opening so as to define one or more fluid/fluid interfaces;

a plurality of electrical conductors near the at least one opening; and an electrical potential source coupled to the electrical conductors so as to apply at least one electrowetting potential, the source configured to alter the one or more fluid/fluid interfaces so as to controllably vary one or more characteristics selected from among:

a spherical power along the optical path;
a cylindrical power along the optical path; and a cylindrical orientation along the optical path.
26 26. A fluid lens optical method comprising:
configuring one or more fluid/fluid interfaces by applying at least one electrowetting potentials so as to so as to change a cylindrical orientation along an optical path.
27. The optical method of claim 26, further comprising:

reconfiguring the one or more fluid/fluid interfaces by changing the at least one potential so as to increase a spherical power along the optical path.
28. The optical method of claim 27, further comprising:
reconfiguring the one or more fluid/fluid interfaces by changing the at least one potential so that a cylindrical orientation of the cylindrical power changes.
29. The optical method of claim 28, wherein cylindrical power, cylindrical orientation, and spherical power are controllably varied by moving fluids in response to the at least one potential, and without other movement along the optical path.
30. A fluid lens optical method comprising:
configuring at least one fluid/fluid interface traversed by an optical path by simultaneously applying a plurality of circumferentially differing electrowetting potentials about the optical path so as to simultaneously provide a first curvature of the at least one fluid/fluid interface and a second curvature of the at least one fluid/fluid interface different than the first curvature.
31. The optical method of claim 30, wherein the first and second curvatures are disposed along a single fluid/fluid interface and angularly offset about an axis of the optical path.
32. The optical method of claim 31, wherein the first curvature is flat, the fluid/fluid interface defining a cylinder lens.
33. The optical method of claim 31, wherein the first and second curvatures are not flat.
34. The optical method of claim 33, wherein the fluid/fluid interface defines a sphero-cylinder lens.
35. The optical method of claim 33, wherein the fluid/fluid interface defines a non-sphero-cylinder lens.
36. An optical apparatus comprising:
at least one housing defining at least one opening having an optical path therethrough;
a plurality of fluids disposed in the at least one opening so as to define at least one fluid/fluid interface; and an electrical potential source coupled to the at least one opening, the source configured to simultaneously apply a plurality of electrowetting potentials so that the at least one fluid/fluid interface controllably varies in spherical and cylindrical power.
CA002587739A 2004-11-18 2005-11-17 Sphero cylindrical eye refraction system using fulid focus electrostatically variable lenses Abandoned CA2587739A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/993,409 2004-11-18
US10/993,409 US7413306B2 (en) 2004-11-18 2004-11-18 Sphero cylindrical eye refraction system using fluid focus electrostatically variable lenses
PCT/US2005/042099 WO2006055893A2 (en) 2004-11-18 2005-11-17 Sphero cylindrical eye refraction system using fluid focus electrostatically variable lenses

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2587739A1 true CA2587739A1 (en) 2006-05-26

Family

ID=36387410

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002587739A Abandoned CA2587739A1 (en) 2004-11-18 2005-11-17 Sphero cylindrical eye refraction system using fulid focus electrostatically variable lenses

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (2) US7413306B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1814436A4 (en)
JP (1) JP4641317B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101053707B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101094605A (en)
AU (1) AU2005306334B2 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0517857A (en)
CA (1) CA2587739A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2006055893A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (45)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7413306B2 (en) * 2004-11-18 2008-08-19 Amo Manufacturing Usa, Llc Sphero cylindrical eye refraction system using fluid focus electrostatically variable lenses
US7518714B2 (en) * 2005-04-07 2009-04-14 Hunter Engineering Company Vehicle service system with variable-lens imaging sensors
US8409278B2 (en) 2005-10-27 2013-04-02 Gholam A. Peyman External lens with flexible membranes for automatic correction of the refractive errors of a person
US9016860B2 (en) 2005-10-27 2015-04-28 Gholam A. Peyman Fluidic adaptive optic fundus camera
US9671607B2 (en) 2005-10-27 2017-06-06 Gholam A. Peyman Flexible fluidic mirror and hybrid system
US9191568B2 (en) 2005-10-27 2015-11-17 Gholam A. Peyman Automated camera system with one or more fluidic lenses
US9681800B2 (en) 2005-10-27 2017-06-20 The Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona Holographic adaptive see-through phoropter
JP2009523257A (en) * 2006-01-11 2009-06-18 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ Control of electrowetting lens
US7475989B2 (en) * 2006-03-14 2009-01-13 Amo Manufacturing Usa, Llc Shack-Hartmann based integrated autorefraction and wavefront measurements of the eye
US20080063022A1 (en) * 2006-09-12 2008-03-13 Kevin Thomas Gahagan Semiconductor laser and tunable fluid lenses
EP2117437A1 (en) * 2007-01-11 2009-11-18 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Catheter for three-dimensional intracardiac echocardiography and system including the same
US7755841B2 (en) * 2007-01-30 2010-07-13 Dmetrix, Inc. Liquid-lens variable-control optics in array microscope
US8120756B2 (en) * 2007-03-19 2012-02-21 Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Laser doppler velocity system for variable beam focusing
CN100589751C (en) * 2007-10-31 2010-02-17 中国计量科学研究院 Column mirror standard used for detecting objective eye refractometer
EP2217960B1 (en) 2007-12-04 2017-06-07 Blackeye Optics, LLC Image-stabilization system comprising two liquid lenses
CA2703246C (en) 2007-12-04 2017-07-11 Blackeye Optics, Llc Zoom lens of the telephoto type having a liquid lens in a fixed group
CN102089680B (en) * 2008-07-10 2016-08-17 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 Optical image probe
US20100110368A1 (en) 2008-11-02 2010-05-06 David Chaum System and apparatus for eyeglass appliance platform
CA2758207C (en) * 2009-04-10 2018-05-22 Blackeye Optics, Llc Variable power optical system
CA2758206C (en) 2009-04-10 2019-03-19 Blackeye Optics Llc Variable power optical system
US8154810B2 (en) * 2009-07-16 2012-04-10 Microscan Systems, Inc. Optical assemblies for adjusting working distance and field of view in an imaging system
US20130269751A1 (en) * 2010-12-07 2013-10-17 Afshin Izadian Adaptive lenses for solar energy collection
WO2012123549A1 (en) 2011-03-17 2012-09-20 Carl Zeiss Meditec Ag Systems and methods for refractive correction in visual field testing
KR20140008374A (en) * 2011-03-21 2014-01-21 케어스트림 헬스 인코포레이티드 Autofocus method using liquid lens
US11372230B2 (en) 2011-06-21 2022-06-28 Gholam A. Peyman System for preventing motion sickness resulting from virtual reality or augmented reality
US10606066B2 (en) 2011-06-21 2020-03-31 Gholam A. Peyman Fluidic light field camera
KR20130009504A (en) 2011-07-15 2013-01-23 삼성전자주식회사 Method and device for adjusting aperture
DE102013000295B4 (en) * 2013-01-09 2014-09-04 Rodenstock Gmbh Apparatus and method for determining a set of ophthalmic data
FR3016705B1 (en) * 2014-01-20 2017-06-16 Essilor Int VISUAL COMPENSATION SYSTEM AND BINOCULAR OPTOMETRY DEVICE
FR3019458B1 (en) * 2014-04-08 2016-04-22 Essilor Int REFRACTOR
FR3019459B1 (en) * 2014-04-08 2016-04-22 Essilor Int VISUAL COMPENSATION GLASSES AND METHOD FOR SUBJECTIVE REFRACTION OF AN INDIVIDUAL WITH THE SUNGLASSES
DE102014005789B4 (en) * 2014-04-16 2017-08-03 Technische Universität Ilmenau Anamorphic system and its use
CN104663088B (en) * 2015-03-12 2017-02-08 浙江理工大学 Seven-rod flowers and plants translating mechanism with variable crank with single degree of freedom and non-circular gear
US20160310000A1 (en) * 2015-04-21 2016-10-27 Adaptica Srl Phoropter system and method of use
EP3394663B1 (en) 2015-12-22 2022-12-07 e-Vision Smart Optics, Inc. Dynamic focusing head mounted display
US9977235B2 (en) 2016-06-21 2018-05-22 Abl Ip Holding Llc Variable total internal reflection electrowetting lens assembly for a detector
US10072822B2 (en) * 2016-06-21 2018-09-11 Abl Ip Holding Llc Variable total internal reflection electrowetting lens assembly
WO2017223300A1 (en) * 2016-06-22 2017-12-28 Raymond Miller Karam Adjustable fluid lens with reduced aberration
US10247935B2 (en) 2016-07-06 2019-04-02 Abl Ip Holding Llc MicroLED with integrated controllable beam steering and/or shaping
JP6941926B2 (en) * 2016-09-14 2021-09-29 株式会社トプコン Optical device
CN107811605B (en) * 2017-12-07 2019-06-11 李殿光 A kind of adjustable sight test means of ophtalmic treatments
US10295819B1 (en) * 2018-03-22 2019-05-21 Corning Incorporated Naphtyl based high index hydrophobic liquids and transmission recovery agents for liquid lens formulations
JP6823036B2 (en) * 2018-11-05 2021-01-27 株式会社小松製作所 Display system for construction machinery and its control method
JP7262583B2 (en) * 2018-11-20 2023-04-21 エシロール・アンテルナシオナル Process of Compensation for Shift in Power of Phoropter Active Lens with Temperature, Related Phoropters and Optometry Systems
US11703617B2 (en) * 2020-11-20 2023-07-18 Icrx, Inc. Dog bone shaped cylindrical tunable fluidic lens with minimized defocus

Family Cites Families (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3751138A (en) 1972-03-16 1973-08-07 Humphrey Res Ass Variable anamorphic lens and method for constructing lens
US3976364A (en) 1973-12-21 1976-08-24 Harley Burke Lindemann Optical air lens system
FR2425085A1 (en) 1978-05-05 1979-11-30 Quantel Sa VARIABLE FOCAL LENGTH LENS
JPH01120502A (en) 1987-11-05 1989-05-12 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Focusing device
JPH034211A (en) * 1989-05-31 1991-01-10 Olympus Optical Co Ltd Vari-focal lens
US5066301A (en) 1990-10-09 1991-11-19 Wiley Robert G Variable focus lens
FR2769375B1 (en) 1997-10-08 2001-01-19 Univ Joseph Fourier VARIABLE FOCAL LENS
US6491394B1 (en) * 1999-07-02 2002-12-10 E-Vision, Llc Method for refracting and dispensing electro-active spectacles
US6449081B1 (en) 1999-06-16 2002-09-10 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Optical element and optical device having it
US7404636B2 (en) * 1999-07-02 2008-07-29 E-Vision, Llc Electro-active spectacle employing modal liquid crystal lenses
US6702483B2 (en) * 2000-02-17 2004-03-09 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Optical element
US6806988B2 (en) * 2000-03-03 2004-10-19 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Optical apparatus
US6924792B1 (en) 2000-03-10 2005-08-02 Richard V. Jessop Electrowetting and electrostatic screen display systems, colour displays and transmission means
US6545815B2 (en) 2001-09-13 2003-04-08 Lucent Technologies Inc. Tunable liquid microlens with lubrication assisted electrowetting
WO2003034748A1 (en) 2001-10-11 2003-04-24 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2d/3d display apparatus
JP4662713B2 (en) * 2002-02-14 2011-03-30 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ Variable focus lens
EP1478964B1 (en) 2002-02-20 2013-07-17 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Display apparatus
KR101034521B1 (en) 2002-10-25 2011-05-17 코닌클리즈케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. Zoom lens
US20060170864A1 (en) 2002-12-03 2006-08-03 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. Eye testing
KR20050084106A (en) 2002-12-03 2005-08-26 코닌클리케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. Manufacturing of lens elements
EP1579249B1 (en) * 2002-12-03 2009-07-01 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Apparatus for forming variable fluid meniscus configurations
DE602004017616D1 (en) * 2003-07-08 2008-12-18 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv GLASS WITH VARIABLE FOCUS
US7413306B2 (en) * 2004-11-18 2008-08-19 Amo Manufacturing Usa, Llc Sphero cylindrical eye refraction system using fluid focus electrostatically variable lenses

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7826146B2 (en) 2010-11-02
AU2005306334A1 (en) 2006-05-26
BRPI0517857A (en) 2008-10-21
US20060106426A1 (en) 2006-05-18
KR20070097030A (en) 2007-10-02
WO2006055893A2 (en) 2006-05-26
EP1814436A4 (en) 2009-08-26
JP2008521061A (en) 2008-06-19
WO2006055893A3 (en) 2007-06-07
US20080266521A1 (en) 2008-10-30
WO2006055893A8 (en) 2007-08-09
JP4641317B2 (en) 2011-03-02
EP1814436A2 (en) 2007-08-08
AU2005306334B2 (en) 2009-10-29
KR101053707B1 (en) 2011-08-02
CN101094605A (en) 2007-12-26
US7413306B2 (en) 2008-08-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA2587739A1 (en) Sphero cylindrical eye refraction system using fulid focus electrostatically variable lenses
RU2557372C2 (en) Ophthalmological lens with variable optical power
TWI518374B (en) Liquid meniscus lens including variable voltage zones
EP1646907B1 (en) Variable focus spectacles
US6369954B1 (en) Lens with variable focus
JP2008521061A5 (en)
US20060072070A1 (en) Manufacturing of lens elements
RU2015102758A (en) ELECTROACTIVE OPHTHALMIC DEVICE WITH MULTIPLE CONDITIONS
CN103140780A (en) Liquid meniscus lens with non-spherical meniscus wall
KR101870116B1 (en) Liquid meniscus lens with convex torus-segment meniscus wall
WO2019226625A1 (en) Electrowetting devices
KR20200085844A (en) Liquid lens and liquid lens operation method
CN103154779B (en) Comprise the liquid meniscus shaped lens of the bent moon wall with microchannel
KR101770112B1 (en) Liquid meniscus lens including gradient thickness dielectric coating
CN103069313A (en) Negative add liquid meniscus lens
Ivanova Biomimetic optics
Yongchao et al. MEMS tunable opticsLiquid and solid methods

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
EEER Examination request
FZDE Discontinued

Effective date: 20141118