CA1170188A - Low back pressure exhaust silencer for diesel locomotives - Google Patents

Low back pressure exhaust silencer for diesel locomotives

Info

Publication number
CA1170188A
CA1170188A CA000394442A CA394442A CA1170188A CA 1170188 A CA1170188 A CA 1170188A CA 000394442 A CA000394442 A CA 000394442A CA 394442 A CA394442 A CA 394442A CA 1170188 A CA1170188 A CA 1170188A
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
duct
exhaust
silencer
reactive
sides
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CA000394442A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Karl U. Ingard
Dwight A. Blaser
David J. Goding
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Motors Liquidation Co
Original Assignee
Motors Liquidation Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Motors Liquidation Co filed Critical Motors Liquidation Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1170188A publication Critical patent/CA1170188A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/02Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using resonance
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2490/00Structure, disposition or shape of gas-chambers
    • F01N2490/15Plurality of resonance or dead chambers
    • F01N2490/155Plurality of resonance or dead chambers being disposed one after the other in flow direction
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Abstract

D-5,511 C-3,320 LOW BACK PRESSURE EXHAUST SILENCER
FOR DIESEL LOCOMOTIVES
Abstract of the Disclosure An exhaust silencer especially for turbo-charged diesel locomotives with a single exhaust outlet combines a straight through exhaust duct preferably diverging to recover velocity pressure and minimize back pressure with dual silencing means including a large expansion tank around the duct tuned to attenuate a fundamental low frequency exhaust noise peak and smaller reactive chambered means in the duct sized to attenuate a selected mid range of higher frequency exhaust noise. Various features are included.

Description

74~

LOW BACK PRESSURE EXHAUST S`ILENCER
FOR _IESEL LOCOMOTIVES

Technical Field This invention relates to engine exhaust silencers and more particularly to a low back pressure silencer ar~angement particularly applicable to turbo-charged diesel locomoti~es.

Background United States patent 4,281,741 and the corresponding Canadian application CSN 35~,332 filed, August 15, 1980 and now patent no. 1,138,780, contain brief discussion of earlier uses of locomotive exhaust silencers. This discussion includes reference to a silencer used with turbocharged diesel powered domestic road type locomotives having a single elongated exhaust outlet opening upwardly from the turbine. That silencer includes a dual bend offset outlet conduit that provides broad band sound reduction in the medium and high frequency range, combined with a large tank defined expansion chamber ~surrounding the lower portion of the outlet conduit and connected thereto by perforations through the conduit wall, so as to provide sound reduc-tion in the lower fre~uency ranges.
Upon the release of an improved diesel loco-motive providing for operation of the diesel engine at higher horsepower and speed, the above-described silencer arrangement was modified in order to mainta~n the engine exhaust noise level below established noise standards. Modifications included the provision of a sharper bend in the offset outlet conduit and the addition of increased communication between the conduit and the associated expansion chamber. While these changes satisfactorily controlled the increased exhaust noise level of the higher horsepower engine, they also '.~

had the effect of causing a slightly increased restric-tion to exhaust gas flow with a resultant adverse effect upon engine ~uel ef~iciency.
Accordingly, it was desired to provide an improved engine silencer arrangement having the capa-bility of maintaining exhaust noise within established standards while reducing exhaust back pressure to improve fuel efficiency.

Summary of the Invention The present invention provides a locomotive exhaust silencer applicable to turbocharged xoad type diesel locomotives of the type described. The new silencer provides a low baclc pressure exhaust restric-tion superior to either of th~ previously mentioned domestic locomotive silencer designs and providing substantially improved engine ~uel efficiency.
A feature of the invention is that it includes a straight exhaust duct which avoids the dual bend configuration of the prior silencers and permits s*raight through flow of exhaust gases from the tuxbocharger outlet to atmosphere, thereby reducing exhaust back pressure.
A further feature of the invention is that the straight through exhaust duct is elongated to match the cross sectional configuration of the turbo-charger outlet and includes narrow sides connecting opposite ~ide sides that diverge in direction toward the duct outlet to recover veloci~y pressure and thus further minimize back pressure in the engine exhaust system.
Another feature of the invention i5 that it includes a large tank-like oval s~aped expansion chamber surrounding the exhaust duct intermediate its ends and communicating therewith through a plurality of ports in the diverging opposite wide sides of the duct, the expansion chamber being tuned to respond to and attenu-i~?

~.~7~

ate a fundamental low frequency exhaust noise peak ofthe associated engine r ~ et another feature of the invention is that smaller reactive chambers are provided spaced within the exhaust duct and preferably also along the narrow sides thereof, the reactive chambers being covered by perforated walls. The internally spaced reactive cham-bers define divider means extending longitudinally and laterally between and connecting the opposite wide sides transversely of the duct to divide the duct into a plurality of straight parallel flow areas spaced across the width of the diverging opposite sides and communi-cating with the reactive chambers through the perforated walls. The reactive chambers are sized to attenuate a selected range of higher frequency engine exhaust noise than the fundamental frequency.
Still another feature of the invention is that the open outlet end of the straight through exhaust duct permits ease of inspection of the exhaust 2Q duct interior for the possible buildup of carbon deposits and, if necessary, for the cleaning of such deposits.
An optional feature of the invention is that the means defining the reactive chambers within the exhaust duct may be made removable from the silencer assembly for inspection, cleaning and replacement if desired.
These and vther features and advantages of the invention will be more fully appreciated and understood from the following description of a preferred embodiment taken together with the accompanying drawing.
Brief Drawing Description In the drawing:
Figure 1 is an elevational view from one side of a silencer in accordance with the invention having substantial portions broken away to show the interior ~7~8~3 construction, the silencer being mounted on the engine of a diesel locomotive as viewed from one end thereof;
Figure 2 is a transverse cross-sectional view through the silencer as seen from the plane indicated by the line 2-2 of Figure 1, and Figure 3 is a horizontal cross-sectional view through the silencer taken in the plane generally indicated by the line 3~3 of Figure 1.

Description of the Illustrated Embodiment Referring now to the drawing in detail, numeral 10 generally indicates a railway diesel locomo-tive powered by a turbocharged diesel engine having an exhaust system terminating in an elongated turbine exhaust outlet 11 provided with a mounting flange 12.
Upon the flange 12 of the outlet 11, there is secured, by means not shown, a low back pressure exhaust silencer generally indicated by numeral 14.
Silencer 14 comprises a welded assembly of metal plates and sheets which for purposes of explana-tion is roughly separable into three major elements or portions. These include a straight through exhaust duct 15, a large expansion chamber defining tank 16, and chambered means 18, 19 and 20 defining a plurality of reactive chambers communicating with the duct 15.
The exhaust duct portion of the silencer assembly includes a bottom flange 22 defining the inlet end of the duct and secured, through means such as bolts not shown, to the outlet flange 12 of the engine turbocharger exhaust system. Flange 22 connects with four duct defining plates including oppositelydisposed relatively narrow parallel side members 23 and 24 extending laterally between and connected to sub-stantially, wider oppositely disposed sides 26, 27.
The latter wide sides 2~, 27 diverge in the direction of exhaust flow from the inlet flange 22 to the upper outlet end 28 of the exhaust duct portion 15.

, ~,, i . -.*

8~

~ collector pan 2~ surrounds the duct near its outlet end 28 to ~ntercept foreign matter such as rain and snow passing through the locomotive roof opening, not shown, throu~h which the duct outlet protrudes. A drain J not shown, may be connected to the pan 29 to carry off collected fluids, A number of tie rods 30 extend across the duct between the opposite sides 26, 27 to stabilize and maintain the shape of the side plates under the varying temperature conditions encountered during operation.
The expansion tank 16 i~, made from a number of metal elements welded together to define an expansion cham~er 31 surrounding a major portion of the duct 15 intermediate its inlet and outlet ends 22, 28 respectively. The interior of the duct communicates with the expansion chamber 31 through a plurality of ports or openings 32 which are provided in the diverging opposite wide sides 26, 27 of the duct portion 15. The length of the expansion ~hamber is selected to tune the chamber to the fundamental low frequency exhaust noise peak of the associated diesel engine, while the size of the cham~er as well as the size and number of the ports 32 are selected to provide a desired degree of attenuation of the engine funda-mental low frequency exhaust noise.
The chambered means 18, 19, 20 include bothnarrow side located elements 18, 20 and a central divider element 19. The latter includes a pair of longitudinally spaced perforated metal walls 34 ex-tending longitudinally of the duct and laterallybetween and connecting th~ wide side walls 26, 27 transversely of the duct to divide the duct into two straight parallel flow areas 35, 36 spaced side-by-side across the width of the two diverging wide sides o~ the duct. Walls 34 are spacedl~ connected by three hori~
zontal separators 38, 39, 40, vertically spaced from one another and a tubular element 43 connected between the 7~ 8~3 lower ends of the walls 3~. Nonperforated center plates 44 extending vertically bet~een the perforated walls 34 combine with the separators and tubular ele~
ment to define a plurality of small reactive chambers 45 which communicate indi~idually through the perforated walls 34 with their respecti~e flow areas 35, 36 of the duct interior.
In like manner, the narrow side located chambered means 18 and 20 are formed by perforated walls 47 connected by spacers 48 to nonperforated back and side walls 49 to define a plurality of reactive chambers 51 that communicate with their respective adjoining straight parallel flow areas 35, 36 of the duct interior through the perorated walls 47.
The reactive chambers are variously sized though much smaller than the expansion chamber and are disposed to react with and attenuate a selected range of higher frequency engine exhaust noise above the funda-mental frequency attenuated by the tuned chamber and covering a relatively broad spectrum of moderate noise frequencies in which reduction of exhaust noise is desirable. The reactive chambers thus combine with the relatively large tuned expansion chamber to provide a broad range of sound attenuation covering both the fundamental noise peak of the associated engine and a broader spectrum of higher frequency noise associated with the engine exhaust system.
In addition to providing adequate silencing of the turbocharged diesel engine exhaust noise, the silencer of the present invention accomplishes this while minimizing the exhaust back pressure placed on the engine by t~e silencing device. This is accom-plished first by the straight through character of the silencer exhaust duct 15 ~-hich does not require a substantial change in direction of the exhaust gas flow leaving the turbocharger exhaust outlet in order to pass through the silencer~ In addition, further ` ~ S!

7~D3L8~3 reduction of back pressure is obtained by the diverging character of the exhaust duct. This is provided by the diverging wide sides 26, 27 which are configured to allow a gradual expansion of the exiting exhaust gases so as to recover velocity pressure therein. Such pressure recovery minimizes the back pressure at the silencer inlet and will actually provide a negative static pressure at the outlet of the turbocharger ex-haust system where it connects with the silencer inlet when operating at rated exhaust flow.
The design of the exhaust silencer with its wide open outlet end 28 of the exhaus~ duct provides for ease of inspection by operating personnel of the condition of the duct interior. In particular, direct observation may be made from the locomotive roof, not shown, into the open duct end to determine whether there is any substantial buildup of carbon or other deposits on the perforated sides 26, 27 of the duct or the perforated walls 34 and 47 covering the reactive chambers. If necessary, accumulated deposits may be cleaned from the surfaces while the silencer remains in place.
Experience so far indicates that substantial accumulations of deposits are not likely to become a significant problem in normal locomotive operation.
However, should such deposits require repetitive servicing under certain conditions of operation not currently ant~cipated, it is within the scope of the present invention to construct the chambered means 18, 19 and 20 as separate elements which may be separately installed in and removed from the silencer assembly. Thus, elements which have collected excessive accumulations of deposits may be removed and replaced by clean elements and the removed elements may be subsequently cleaned in a more con-venient location Eor subsequent reuse.

1~7~

While the invention has been described by reference to certain preferred embodiments chosen for purposes of illustration, it should be understood that numerous changes could be made within the spirit and scope of the invention concepts described. Accordingly it is intended that the invention not be limited to the described em~odiments but that it have the full scope permitted by the language of the following claims.

1 '

Claims (4)

Claims 9 The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. A low back pressure exhaust silencer for turbocharged diesel locomotives, said silencer comprising a straight exhaust duct having inlet and out-let ends connected by walls including two opposite sides, expansion chamber defining means adjacent said duct and communicating therewith through a plurality of ports in said opposite sides, said expansion chamber means being tuned to respond to and attenuate a funda-mental low frequency exhaust noise peak of the associated engine, and means defining reactive chambers covered by perforated walls in said duct, said reactive chamber means defining divider means extending longitudinally of the duct and laterally between and connecting said opposite sides transversely of the duct to divide said duct into a plurality of straight parallel flow areas, each communicating with said expansion chamber through said sides and with a portion of said reactive chambers through said perforated walls, said reactive chambers being sized to attenuate a selected range of higher frequency engine exhaust noise.
2. A low back pressure exhaust silencer for turbocharged diesel locomotives having a single elongated exhaust system outlet, said silencer comprising a straight exhaust duct of elongated cross-sectional configuration and having an inlet end connect-able with said exhaust system outlet, an outlet end spaced from said inlet end and walls connecting said ends including two opposite relatively wide sides connected at their edges by opposed narrower sides, said wide sides diverging in direction toward said outlet end to recover velocity pressure and thereby minimize back pressure in the exhaust system at said duct inlet end, expansion chamber means defining a large expansion chamber surrounding said duct intermediate its ends and communicating therewith through a plurality of ports in said diverging opposite wide sides, said chamber being tuned to respond to and attenuate a fundamental low frequency exhaust noise peak of the associated engine, and means defining relatively small reactive chambers covered by perforated walls within said duct, said reactive chamber means defining divider means extending longitudinally of the duct and laterally between and connecting said opposite wide sides transversely of the duct to divide said duct into a plurality of straight parallel flow areas spaced across the width of said opposite wide sides and each communicating with said expansion chamber through said wide sides and with a portion of said reactive chambers through said perforated walls, said reactive chambers being sized to attenuate a selected range of higher frequency engine exhaust noise.
3. The silencer of Claim 2 and further comprising means defining reactive chambers adjacent the narrower sides at the edges of and extending laterally between said diverging opposite wide sides of said duct to supplement the noise attenuation of said flow area dividing reactive chamber means.
4. The silencer of either of Claims 2 or 3 wherein said reactive chamber defining means are removable from said silencer for cleaning through the open outlet end of said duct.
CA000394442A 1981-05-11 1982-01-19 Low back pressure exhaust silencer for diesel locomotives Expired CA1170188A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/262,464 US4360075A (en) 1981-05-11 1981-05-11 Low back pressure exhaust silencer for diesel locomotives
US262,464 1981-05-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1170188A true CA1170188A (en) 1984-07-03

Family

ID=22997629

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA000394442A Expired CA1170188A (en) 1981-05-11 1982-01-19 Low back pressure exhaust silencer for diesel locomotives

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US4360075A (en)
AU (1) AU549634B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1170188A (en)

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US5276291A (en) * 1992-07-10 1994-01-04 Norris Thomas R Acoustic muffler for high volume fluid flow utilizing Heimholtz resonators with low flow resistance path
DE10102040A1 (en) * 2001-01-18 2002-07-25 Mahle Filtersysteme Gmbh Silencer, for a motor exhaust or turbo charger air intake, has a hollow body at the component to be suppressed containing a number of parallel Helmholtz resonators
US6695094B2 (en) * 2001-02-02 2004-02-24 The Boeing Company Acoustic muffler for turbine engine
US6510921B2 (en) 2001-02-19 2003-01-28 Samson Motorcycle Products, Inc. Muffler/exhaust extractor
US7267297B2 (en) * 2004-09-02 2007-09-11 The Boeing Company Integrated axially varying engine muffler, and associated methods and systems
US7207310B2 (en) * 2005-07-01 2007-04-24 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Noise attenuation device for an air induction system
US7364116B2 (en) * 2004-09-27 2008-04-29 The Boeing Company Automatic control systems for aircraft auxiliary power units, and associated methods
US7344107B2 (en) * 2004-10-26 2008-03-18 The Boeing Company Dual flow APU inlet and associated systems and methods
US7513119B2 (en) 2005-02-03 2009-04-07 The Boeing Company Systems and methods for starting aircraft engines
US7431125B2 (en) * 2005-03-15 2008-10-07 Honeywell International Inc. Composite muffler for use with airborne auxiliary power unit
US20060243521A1 (en) * 2005-04-29 2006-11-02 Samson Motorcycle Products, Inc. Muffler with improved heat dissipation
GB0611213D0 (en) * 2006-06-07 2006-07-19 Wozair Ltd Blast wave damper
US7765784B2 (en) * 2006-09-25 2010-08-03 The Boeing Company Thermally compliant APU exhaust duct arrangements and associated systems and methods
US20080093162A1 (en) * 2006-10-23 2008-04-24 Marocco Gregory M Gas flow sound attenuation device
US7546898B2 (en) * 2007-07-30 2009-06-16 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Noise reduction with resonatance chamber
US8657227B1 (en) 2009-09-11 2014-02-25 The Boeing Company Independent power generation in aircraft
US8738268B2 (en) 2011-03-10 2014-05-27 The Boeing Company Vehicle electrical power management and distribution

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US1874326A (en) * 1929-06-14 1932-08-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Sound muffler
US3187834A (en) * 1963-03-29 1965-06-08 Bryson James Roy Muffler having spaced frusto-conical baffle plates with perforated center tube and attached cooling fins
US3382948A (en) * 1965-10-13 1968-05-14 Walker Mfg Co Mufflers with side branch tuning chambers
GB1192194A (en) * 1966-08-05 1970-05-20 Chiyoda Chem Eng Construct Co Silencer for Suction or Discharge of Fluids Unders Pressure
SE409484B (en) * 1976-08-19 1979-08-20 Collin Lars Muffler
US4287962A (en) * 1977-11-14 1981-09-08 Industrial Acoustics Company Packless silencer
US4281741A (en) * 1979-10-01 1981-08-04 General Motors Corporation Compact exhaust silencer for diesel locomotives

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU549634B2 (en) 1986-02-06
US4360075A (en) 1982-11-23
AU8289482A (en) 1982-11-18

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